定语从句 笔记整理复习进程

定语从句

授课人：Prof. Wooden

Part 1 定语从句定义及概述

什么是定语从句？

(1)定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名

词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。

(3)关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中担当一定成分。

Eg.I will never forget the girl（先行词）that（关系词）I met yesterday in the street（定语从句）.

※定语从句两个必须

★先行词在从句中必须作一个成分；

★先行词所作的成分必须空缺。

Part 2 关系代词引导的定语从句

用法：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。

1)This is the factory that produces cars.(作主语,指物)

2)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate. (作主语,指人)

3)The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting. (作宾语，指物)

※关系代词that的特权和禁区

1. 特权：行使特权的条件：

（1）限定性定语从句（即从句前无逗号）；

（2）介词没有提前。

2. 禁区：

有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,指物时用which；指人时用who/whom。

（1）非限定性定于从句（即从句前有逗号）；

（2）介词提前时。

2.关系代词which的用法

用法：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。

1)China is a country which has a long history.(作主语)

2)The car (which) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. (作宾语)

※只用that 不用which的情况：

(1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。

This is the best book that I have ever read.

(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。

The first book that I bought was about how to learn English.

(3)先行词是all, much, little, none, few 等不定代词或由some, any, every, no等词构成的复合代词时）

I did all that I could do at that time.

There was little that the doctor could do for the patient.

(4)当先行词被the only, the very修饰时。

The only thing that he can do is to say sorry to her.

(5)先行词既有人又有物。

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

(6)主句已有疑问词who/ which时。

Which is the book that you like?

Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

(7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。

He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago.

※只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况：

(1)当关系代词前有介词时。

A desert is a great plain in which nothing will grow.

(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。

The students was late for class 7 times a week, which made her teacher mad.

(3)一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用which。

(4)当先行词本身是that时。

That which I had known about made them surprised.

3.关系代词who的用法

用法：指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。

1)I know the man who spoke to you just now.(作主语)

2)She is not the girl who she was.(作表语)

4.关系代词whom的用法

用法：指人，who的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用who或that代替。

1)Here is the man (whom) you are looking for.

2)The woman (whom) you saw just now is our English teacher.

※关系代词who和whom的选择

Mr. Smith is the very man who/whom you are looking for.

I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.

Is that the man with whom you arrived yesterday?

5. 关系代词whose的用法

用法：可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。

1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.(指人)

2)The room whose windows face the east is mine. (指物）

※关系代词whose的选择

The man whose wallet was stolen called for the police for help.

The boy whose father is a teacher has been admitted to Oxford University.

The house whose windows are mostly broken belongs to my uncle.

The tree whose branches are basically bare dates back to 200 years ago.

6.关系代词as的用法

用法：既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在the same…as…,such…as…,as…as…等句型中,as不能省略。

1)Such teachers as know Tom think him bright.(指人，作主语)

2)I’ll buy the same dictionary as you have.(指物，作宾语)

※关系代词as的选择

(1)当先行词中有so, such等修饰语时；如：

This is so good a book as I can hardly tear myself away from.

Never promise such things as you can’t achieve.

This is so good a movie __as__we all wish to see.

This is so good a movie __it__ we all wish to see it.

(2)当定语从句置于句首时；如：

As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun once every year.

As we had expected, the students who had cheated in the exams were punished.

(3)当先行词中有the same 修饰时，有时用that也有时用as来引导定语从句。二者意思稍有不同。如：

This is the same shirt as I wore yesterday. (这件衬衣和我昨天穿的那件一样。意思是说并不