病理生理学必备英文单词
医科专业英语词汇
医科专业英语1. anatomy解剖学2. physiology生理学3. epithelial tissue上皮组织4. connective tissue结缔组织5. muscular tissue肌肉组织6. nervous tissue神经组织7. the integumentary system体被系统8. the skeletal system骨骼系统9. the muscular system肌肉系统10. the lymphatic system淋巴系统11. the respiratory system呼吸系统12. the digestive system消化系统13. the nervous system神经系统14. the endocrine system内分泌系统15. the cardiovascular system心血管系统16. the urinary system泌尿系统17. the reproductive system生殖系统18. the cranial cavity颅腔19. the spinal cavity脊髓腔20. the thoracic cavity胸腔21. the abdominopelvic cavity盆腹腔22. homeostasis内环境稳定23. metabolism新陈代谢1.morphology 形态学, 生态学2.etiology 病因学, 病原学3.pathogenesis 发病学, 发病机理4.intrauterine 子宫内的5.endoscopy 内窥镜检查6.biopsy 活组织检查7.pathogen病菌; 病原体8.inflammatory diseases炎性疾病9.degenerative diseases变性性疾病, 退行性疾病10.metabolic diseases代谢性疾病11.congenital and hereditary diseases先天性和遗传性疾病12.neoplastic diseases肿瘤性疾病13.prognosis预后14.clinical history临床史15.specific treatment特异疗法, 特效(药)疗法16.symptomatic treatment症状疗法, 对症治疗17.chromosome染色体18.noninvasive procedures无创检查19.recessive gene隐性基因20.dominant gene显性基因anic disease器质性疾病22.electrocardiogram 心电图1.carbohydrate 碳水化合物2.esophagus 食管3.duodenum十二指肠4.pepsin 胃蛋白酶5.peristalsis蠕动6.cardiac / pyloric sphincter贲门/幽门括约肌7.gastrointestinal track胃肠道8.hydrochloric acid盐酸9.amino acid氨基酸10.glycerol甘油; 丙三醇11.gallbladder胆囊12.ileocecal valve回盲瓣13.salivary glands 涎腺,唾液腺14.hard/soft palate硬/软腭15.epiglottis 会厌mon bile duct 胆总管17.rectum直肠18.villus绒毛19.digestive enzyme消化酶20.taste bud味蕾21.appendix 阑尾22.ascending /descending colon 升/降结肠23.sigmoid colon 乙状结肠24.bowel movement 大便25.chyme 食糜1.respiratory tract呼吸道2.pharynx咽3.trachea气管4.bronchiole细支气管5.epithelial cell上皮细胞6.macrophage巨噬细胞7.oxygen氧气8.carbon dioxide二氧化碳9.mucous membrane粘膜10. nasal passage鼻道11. allergy变态反应(症), 过敏症12. swallowing reflex吞咽反射13. lymphatic tissue淋巴组织14. ciliated cell纤毛细胞15. inhalation吸入,吸气16. exhalation呼出，呼气17. nostril鼻孔18. cartilage软骨19. larynx喉20. alveolus肺泡21. tonsil 扁桃体22. irreversible damage 不可逆性损伤1. cardiovascular system心血管系统2. circulatory system循环系统3. plasma血浆4. erythrocyte红细胞5. leukocyte白细胞6. platelet count血小板计数7. megakaryocyte巨核细胞8. hematocrit血细胞比容9. hemoglobin血红蛋白10. diffuse扩散，弥漫11. granulocyte粒细胞12. osmotic pressure渗透压13. phagocytosis吞噬作用14. interferon干扰素15. systemic circulation体循环16. pulmonary circulation肺循环17. deoxygenated blood去氧血18. tricuspid valve三尖瓣19. pulmonic valve肺动脉瓣20. aortic valve主动脉瓣21. tachycardia心动过速22. bradycardia心动过缓23. systole心缩期24. diastole心舒期1. atrium心房2. ventricle心室3. mitral / bicuspid valve二尖瓣4. semilunar valve半月瓣5. endocardium心内膜6. myocardium心肌7. epicardium心外膜8. pericardium心包(膜)9. pulmonary trunk肺动脉干10. stethoscope听诊器11. murmur (心脏)杂音,12. pacemaker cell P细胞(起搏细胞)13. sinus /sinoatrial node窦房结14. atrioventricular node房室结15. aorta主动脉16. common carotid artery颈总动脉17. artery动脉18. capillary毛细血管19. superior / inferior vena cava上腔静脉/下腔静脉。
病理学部分英文专业词汇1
病理学部分英文专业词汇组织适应及损伤biopsy活体组织检查简称活检，是用局部切除、钳取、穿刺针吸以及搔刮、摘除等手术方法，采取患者活体病变组织进行病理检查，以确定疾病诊断。
pathology 病理学病理学是研究疾病原因、发病机制以及机体在疾病过程中的功能、代谢和形态结构改变的重要医学主干学科。
adaption 适应细胞和其构成的组织、器官受到内、外环境中过度的生理应激或轻度持续的病理刺激而发生的非损伤性反应，称为适应。
hyperplasia 增生组织或器官内实质细胞数目增多，称为增生。
增生可致组织和器官的体积增大。
增生是各种细胞分裂增殖的结果，也与细胞凋亡受到抑制有关。
可与肥大合并发生。
necrosis 坏死活体内局部组织细胞的死亡，称为坏死。
坏死组织内物质代谢完全停止，组织细胞的功能完全丧失，所以它是一种不可逆的变化，是组织细胞损伤最严重的一种。
hypertrophy肥大细胞体积的肥大，称为肥大。
其本质是由于实质细胞内的细胞器增多所致。
组织和器官的肥大通常是由细胞的肥大所致，但也可伴有实质细胞数量的增加。
肥大细胞的细胞代谢增加，功能通常增强。
atrophy萎缩发育正常的细胞、组织、器官的体积缩小称为萎缩，其本质是该组织、器官的实质细胞的体积缩小和（或）数量减少。
萎缩一般是由于细胞功能活动降低、血液及营养物质供应不足以及神经和（或）内分泌刺激减弱以及老化引起。
metaplasia 化生一种分化成熟的细胞类型被另一种分化成熟的细胞类型所替代的过程，称为化生。
degeneration 变性指细胞或细胞间质内出现异常物质或正常物质含量增多，包括水变性、脂肪变性、玻璃样变性、黏液样变性、色素变性等hydropic degeneration 水样变性称细胞水肿，通常是细胞损伤中出现最早的改变。
缺氧、感染、中毒等凡是能引起细胞液体和离子内稳态变化的损害，都可导致细胞水肿，通常见于肝、肾、心等器官的实质细胞。
医学专业英语的重点单词终结版
文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. 医学专业英语的重点单词终结版Human Body1.anatomy(解剖学)2.embryology(胚胎学)3.histology(组织学)4.hematology(血液学)5.immunology(免疫学)6.biology(生物学)7.cytology(细胞学)8.physiology(生理学)9.endocrinology（内分泌学）10.psychology(心理学)11.skeletal system(骨骼系统)12.muscular system (肌肉系统)13.circulatory system (循环系统)14.respiratory system(呼吸系统)15.urinary system (泌尿系统)16. endocrine system(内分泌系统)17.reproductive system(生殖系统)18.principal (重要的)19.joint(关节)20.cartilage(软骨)21.bone marrow（骨髓）22.cube-shaped(立方的)23.interior（内部的）24.external (外部的)25.hinge joint(结合点)26.pivot joint (区轴点)27.socket (臼槽)28.skull (颅骨)29.elbow (肘部)30.breast（胸部）31.hip joints (髂关节)32.cushioning（缓冲）33.striated muscles（条纹肌）34.smooth muscles（平滑肌）35.voluntary muscles(随意肌)36.function (功能)37.nourishment（营养）38.nutrient（营养素）39.blood vessel（血管）40.cardiovascular system (心血管系统)41.artery（动脉）42.capillary（毛细血管）43.vein （静脉）44.lymphatic system（淋巴系统）45.lymph vessel (淋巴管)46.lymph nodes(淋巴结)47.spleen（脾）48.expel（排除）49.carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)50.oxygen （氧气）rynx，throat（喉管）52.windpipe、trachea(气管)53.esophagus(食管)54.exhale（呼出）55.molecule（分子）56.saliva(唾液)57.enzyme（酶）58.kidney（肾）59.urine（尿液）60.ureter（输尿管）61.urethra（尿道）62.bile(胆汁)63.gallbladder (胆囊)64.sodium（钠）65.potassium(钾)66.bladder（膀胱）67.pancreas（胰腺）68.hormone（激素）69.pituitary(脑垂体)70.thyroid(甲状腺)71.adrenal gland (肾上腺)72.cortisone(可的松)73.adrenaline(肾上腺素)74.insulin（胰岛素）75.glucagon(胰高血糖素)76.collar bone（锁骨）77.spinal column(脊柱)78.spinal cord （脊髓）79.sperm(精子)80.ovum （卵子）81.testis，testes(睾丸)82.ovary（卵巢）83.testosterone (睾酮)84.progesterone（孕酮）85.estrogen（雌激素）86.tactile（触觉的）87.accessory (附属的)88.pharynx(咽)Human disease1.pathology (病理学)2.pathogen（病原体）3.fungi(真菌) fungus(s.)4.bacteria(细菌) bacterium(s.)5.virus(病毒) viruses(pl.)6.diagnose（诊断）7.paralysis（瘫痪, 麻痹）8.symptom（症状）9.sign（体征）10.symptomatic（有症状的）11.asymptomatic（无症状的）12.acute disease（急性病）13.chronic disease（慢性病）14.subacute disease（亚急性病）15.fatal（致命的）16.rheumatic fever（风湿热)17.subarachnoid（蛛网膜下的）18.epidemic disease（传染病）19.endemic disease（地方病）20.airborne droplets（空气传播的）21.apnea（呼吸暂停）22.atonia（张力缺乏）23.degeneration（退化）24.Stomatitis（口腔炎）25.prolapse（直肠、子宫等脱垂脱出）26.malfunction（功能失调）27.obesity（肥胖）28.malnutrition（营养不良的）29.hereditary（遗传）30.mental retardation(智力发育迟缓的)31.venereal disease（花柳病）32.hepatitis（肝炎）33.colitis（结肠炎）34.cholera（霍乱）35.typhoid fever（伤寒）36.boils（疥）37.pimples（小脓包)38.pus（脓）39.abscess（脓肿）40.armpit（腋窝）41.blood poisoning/sepsis(败血症)42.phagocyte（吞噬细胞）43.antigen（抗原）44.antibody（抗体）45.immunoglobulin(免疫球蛋白)46.opsonization（调理作用）plement（补体）48.negative feedback control（负反馈调节）The Digestive System1.gastrointestinal tract (胃肠道)2.ingestion(摄入)3.absorption（吸收）4.digestive(消化)5.elimination(排泄)6.oral cavity/buccal cavity（口腔）文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.7.palate(腭)8.chewing(mastication)（咀嚼）9.swallowing(deglutition)（吞咽）10.incisor（切牙）11.cuspid（尖牙）canine（犬牙）12.molar(磨牙)13.cementum(牙骨质)14..gum(牙龈)15..gingiva(牙龈)16.pulp(牙髓)17.enamel(牙釉质)18.periodontium(牙周组织)19.deciduous dentiton(乳牙)20.permanent dentition (恒牙)21.lower jaw bone（下颌骨）22.papillae(乳头)23.taste bud（味蕾）24.uvula（悬雍垂)25.parotid gland(腮腺)26.submandibular gland(下颌下腺) 27sublingual gland (舌下腺)28.epiglottis(会厌)29.nasal cavity(鼻腔)30.peristalsis(蠕动)31.fundus(胃底)32.antrum（胃窦）33.cardiac sphincter(贲门括约肌)34.pyloric sphincter(幽门括约肌)35.chyme(食糜)36.duodenum(十二指肠)37.jejunum(空肠）38.ileum（回肠）39.cecum(盲肠)40.rectum（直肠）41.colon(结肠)42.sigmoid colon (乙状结肠)43.ileocecal valve (回盲瓣)44.ascending colon (升结肠)45.transverse colon (横结肠)46.descending colon (降结肠)47.appendix(阑尾)48.stool/feces（粪便）49.anus（肛门）50. hydrochloric acid (盐酸)51.abdomen(腹部)52.cholesterol（胆固醇）53.bile pigment(胆色素)54.bilirubin(胆红素)55.blood protein(血红蛋白)56.erythrocyte（红细胞）57.glycogen(糖原)58.cilia、villi（绒毛）59.amylase(淀粉酶)60.lipase(脂肪酶)61.hepatic duct(肝管)62.cystic duct(胆囊管)mon bile duct（胆总管）64.detoxification（解毒）65.emulsification (乳化作用)66.bile acid (胆酸)The Disorders of the Digestive System1.gingivitis (牙龈炎)2.peptic ulcer （消化性溃疡）3.vomiting（呕吐）4.perforation(穿孔)5.barium(钡)6.hiatal(裂孔的)7.hernia(疝)8.endoscopy (内窥镜检查)9.hemorrhage(出血)10.histamine (组胺)11.chest cavity （胸腔）12.diaphragm（膈）13.gastritis（胃炎）14.hepatitis（肝炎）15.cirrhosis(肝硬化)16.hepatomegaly(肝肿大)17.edema(浮肿)18.jaundice(黄疸) 19.architecture(结构)20.nodule(结节)21.micronodular(小结节)22.macronodular(巨结节)23.lobular(小叶的)24.cholelithiasis(胆结石)25.cholecystitis(胆囊炎)26.biliary colic（胆绞痛）27.nausea (恶心)28.cholecystectomy(胆囊切除术)paroscope(腹腔镜)30.pancreatitis(胰腺炎)31.paralytic ileus(麻痹性肠梗阻)32.autodigestion(自体消化)33.necrosis(坏死)34.epigastric(腹上部的)35.appendicitis(阑尾炎)36.navel（脐）37.peritonitis(腹腔炎)38.ulcerative colitis(溃烂性结肠炎)39.antibiotic(抗生素)40.fistula(瘘)41.diverticulum（憩室）42.diverticulitis(憩室炎)43.diverticulosis(憩室病)44.polyps（息肉）45.diarrhea(腹泻)46.occult blood(隐血)47.proctoscope(直肠镜)48.sigmoidoscope(乙状结肠镜)49.colonoscope(结肠镜)50.ileostomy(回肠造口术)51.colostomy（结肠造口术）52.gastroduodenostomy(胃十二指肠吻合术)53.coloproctostomy（结肠直肠吻合术）Respiratory System1.pulmonary veins（肺静脉）2.irritant(刺激物)3.frontal sinus（额窦）4.ethmoidal sinus（刷窦）5.sphenoid sinus（蝶窦）6.maxillary sinus （上颌窦）7.paranasal sinus(副鼻窦)8.nasal cavity（鼻腔）9.nostril(鼻孔)10.nasopharynx （鼻咽）11.oropharynx（口咽）12.hypopharynx（下咽）ryngopharynx（喉咽）14.adenoids（腺体肿大）15.hypopharyngeal（下咽的）16.pharyngeal tonsils（咽扁桃体）17. palatine tonsils（腭扁桃体）18.tongue tonsil（舌扁桃体）19.vocal cords（声带）20.mucous membrane(分泌粘液的膜)21.fibrous connective tissue(纤维结缔组织)22.bronchi（支气管）23.Bronchiole（细支气管）24.alveoli，alveolus（肺泡）25.epithelium（上皮）26.parietal pleura（壁层胸膜）27.visceral pleura（脏层胸膜）28.horizontal fissure（水平裂）29.oblique fissure（斜裂）30.apex（肺尖）31.hilum（肺门）32.Collarbone（锁骨）33.diaphragm（横膈)34.mediastinum（纵隔）35.thoracic cavity （胸腔）36.abdominal cavity（腹腔）37.inhalation/inspiration(吸气)38.exhalation/expiration（呼气）39.brainstem(脑干)40.phrenic nerve（膈神经）41.acid(酸)42.acidity（酸度）文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.43.acidosis(酸中毒)44.alkalinity（碱度）45.alkali(碱)46.alkalosis（碱中毒）47.hyperventilation （换气过度）48.hypoventilation（换气不足）49..macrophages（巨噬细胞）50.mucus（粘液）Respiratory Disorders and Diseases1.pneumonia(肺炎)2.tuberculosis(结核)3.asthma (哮喘)4.allergic(过敏的)5.emphysema(肺气肿)6.influenza(流行性感冒)7.pneumonitis(肺炎)8.lobar pneumonia(大叶性肺炎)9.bronchopneumonia(支气管肺炎)10.pleurisy(胸膜炎)11.tubercle(结核结节)12.hemoptysis(咯血)13.phlegm(痰)14.exudates(渗出物)15.solidification(固化) 16.consolidation(实变)17.dyspnea(呼吸困难)18.cyanosis(紫绀)19.wheeze(喘息)20.Steroids(类固醇)21.allergen(过敏原)22.polio(脊髓灰质炎,小儿麻痹症)23.paralyze(瘫痪)24.mature(成熟的)25.prematurely(过早地, 早熟地)26.digitalis(洋地黄)27.diuretics(利尿剂)28.atrium(心房)29. acute pulmonary edema（急性肺水肿）30.pneumothorax(气胸)31.pneumoconiosis(尘肺)32.silicosis(矽肺)33.anthracosilicosis(碳矽末沉着症)34.bronchitis(支气管炎)35.bronchiectasis（支气管扩张）36.bronchospasm（支气管痉挛）37.hypercapnia（高碳酸血症）38.simple chronic bronchitis(单纯性慢性支气管炎).39.chronic obstructive bronchitis(慢性梗阻性支气管炎)40.asthmatic bronchitis(哮喘性支气管炎)41.noxious（有害的，有毒的）Common disorders of the cardiovascular1.atherosclerosis(动脉粥样硬化)2.lumen（内腔）3.ischemia（局部缺血）4.coronary heart disease(冠心病)5.angina pectoris（心绞痛）6.clot（血凝块）7.thrombosis(血栓形成)8.thrombus(血栓)9.myocardial infarction(心肌梗死)10.arhythmia(心律不齐)11.fibrillation(纤维性颤动)12.embolism(栓塞)13.embolus(栓子)14.stroke（中风）15.subcutaneous(皮下的)16.syncope(晕厥) 17.glomerulonephritis(肾小球肾炎)18.pyelonephritis(肾盂肾炎)19.rheumatic heart disease(风湿性心脏病)20.valvular murmur(瓣膜杂音)21.systolic pressure(收缩压)22.diastolic pressure（舒张压）23.congestive heart failure （充血性心力衰竭）24.vegetation (赘生物)25.essential hypertension（原发性高血压）26.secondary hypertension（继发性高血压）27.endocarditis(心内膜炎）28.pericardial tamponade(心包填塞)29.pericarditis(心包炎)30.hemorrhage（出血）31.shock（休克）32.plasma（血浆）33.dextran(右旋糖酐)34.vomitus（呕吐物）35.spermatic cord (精索)36.ligament(韧带)37.uterus（子宫）38.piles,hemorrhoid(痔疮)39.varix,varices(静脉曲张)40.phlebitis（静脉炎）41.etiology(病因学)42.dextran(右旋糖酐)Blood and immunity1.hemocyte(血细胞)2.erythrocyte(红细胞)3.leukocyte(白细胞)4.platelets(血小板)5.thrombocytes(血小板)6.clotting cells(血小板)7.plasma(血浆)8.fibrinogen(纤维蛋白原)9.fibrin(纤维蛋白)10.albumin(白蛋白)11.globulin(球蛋白)12.prothrombin(纤维蛋白原)13.globin(珠蛋白)14.hemoglobin（血红球蛋白）15.pigment（色素）16.heme（亚铁血红素）17.electrolyte(电解质)18.clotting factors(凝血因子)19.nucleus(核) nuclei(pl.)20.erythropoietin(促红细胞生成素)21.granulocytes(粒细胞)22.eosinophil(嗜酸性粒细胞)23.basophil(嗜碱性粒细胞)24.neutrophil(嗜中性粒细胞)25.agranulocyte(无粒细胞)26.monocyte(单核细胞)27.lymphocyte(淋巴细胞)28.polymorphonuclear(多形核细胞)29. detoxify(解毒作用)30.heparin（肝素）31.phagocytic (吞噬细胞的)32.macrophages(巨噬细胞)33.phagocyte(吞噬细胞)34.phagocytosis(吞噬作用)35.megakaryocyte(巨核细胞)36.hemostasis(止血)37.immunoglobulin(免疫球蛋白)38.thymus gland(胸腺)39.lymphoid organs(淋巴器官)40.debris(残片)41.cytotoxic（细胞毒性）42.interferons(干扰素)43.interleukins(白细胞介素)44.anemia(贫血)45.fatigue（乏力）46.heart palpitation(心悸)47.pallor(面色苍白)48.irritation（烦躁不安）49.aplastic anemia(再生障碍性贫血）50.pancytopenia(全细胞减少)51.hemolytic anemia (溶血性贫血)52.spherocytosis(球形红细胞增多症)53.jaundice(黄疸)54.pernicious(恶性贫血)55.megaloblast(巨成红细胞)56.sickle cell anemia(镰刀细胞性贫血)57.arthralgias(关节痛)58.extremities(四肢)59.ulceration(溃疡)60.thalassemia(地中海贫血)61.thrombocytopenia(血小板减少症)62.petechiae(瘀点)63.ecchymosis(瘀斑) 64.purpura(紫癜)65.hemophilia(血友病)66.intramuscular(肌肉下的)67.autoimmune disease(自身免疫性疾病)68.hematuria(血尿)69.hemarthrosis(关节积血)70.leukemia(白血病)71.neoplasms(肿瘤)72.acute myelogenous leukemia(急粒)73.acute lymphocytic leukemia (急淋)74.chronic myelogenous leukemia(慢粒)75.chronic lymphocytic leukemia(慢淋)76.multiple myeloma（骨髓瘤）77.plasma cells (浆细胞)78.osteolytic(溶骨性的)79.myeloblast(成髓细胞，原粒细胞)80.lymphoblast(成淋巴细胞)81.hypercalcemia(高钙血症)82.itching(痒)83.rash（皮疹）84.sneezing(喷嚏)85.urticaria（荨麻疹）86.asthma（哮喘）87.immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)88.dysgammaglobulinemia(异常γ球蛋白血症)89.extrinsic(外缘的)90.intrinsic（内源性的）91.lymphadenopathy (淋巴结病) Development & Genetics1.zygote(合子)2.oviduct(输卵管)3.endometrium(子宫内膜)4.embryo(胚胎)5.chorionic sac(绒毛囊)6.chorion（绒毛膜）7.gonadotropin（促性腺激素）8.corpus luteum(黄体)9.placenta（胎盘）10.amniotic sac（羊膜囊）11.amniorrhea（破水）12.trimester（三个月，三月期）13.parturition（分娩）14.dystocia （难产）15.cesarean birth（剖宫产）16.oxytocin（催产素）17.prostaglandin （前列腺素）18. meiosis（减数分裂，成熟分裂）19.mitosis（有丝分裂）20.triplet（三胞胎）21.quadruplet(四胞胎)22.dissimilar（不同的）23.abort（流产）24.vagina(阴道)25.cervix（子宫颈）26.fallopian tubes(输卵管）27.fertilization(受孕，受精)28.pregnancy tests(妊娠试验）29.fetus(胎儿)30.umbilical cord（脐带)31.amnion(羊膜囊)32.menstrual(月经）33.birth canal(产道)34.gravida（孕次）35.primigravida（初孕妇）36.para（产次）37.inheritable（可遗传的）38.offspring（后代）39.dominant（显性）40.recessive（隐性）41.cell division（细胞分裂）42.rearrangement（重排）43.fragment（碎片）44.dissimilar（不同）45.identical（相同）Disorders of Pregnancy & Genetic Disease1.preeclampsia/eclampsia(先兆子痫)2.toxemia(毒血症)3.proteinuria(蛋白尿)4.ectopic(异位的)5.salpingitis(输卵管炎)6.endometriosis(子宫内膜异位症)paroscopic(腹腔镜检查的)8.miscarriage(自然流产)9.incompetence(无能力)10.induced abortion (人工流产)11.suction(抽吸)12.birth defect(先天缺陷)13.teratogen(致胎儿畸形药)14.malformation(畸形；变形)15.rubella/german measles(风疹) 16.measles(麻疹)17.herpes simplex(单纯疱疹)18.syphilis(梅毒)19.atresia(闭锁畸形)20.anencephalus(无脑畸形)21.spina bifida(脊柱裂)22.cleft lip(唇裂)23.cleft palate(腭裂)24.diabetes mellitus(糖尿病)25.amniocentesis(羊膜穿刺术)26.karyotype(染色体组型)27.chorionic villus(绒膜绒毛)28.transmit(传递)29.Mendelian fashion(孟德尔遗传定律)30.immunogenetics(免疫遗传学)31.incur(招致)32.mutagen(诱变剂，诱变因素)33.mutagenic(诱变的)34.carcinogen(致癌物)35.albinism(白化病)36.pigmentation(色素沉着)37.homozygote(纯合子)38.progeny(后裔，后代)39.schizophrenia(精神分裂症)40.counselor(咨询者；顾问)41.mutant(突变型；变异的)42.prenatal(出生前的)43.lethal(致命的)44.euphenics(优型学)45.euphenic(优型学的)Endocrine System1.endocrine(内分泌)2.dwarf（矮小症）3.hormone（激素）4.gland（腺体）5.glandular（腺体的）6.reproduction（生殖）7.metabolism（代谢）8.nutrien（营养素）9.target tissue（靶组织）10.receptor（受体）11.hormonal（激素的）12.steroid（类固醇）13.lipid（脂质）14.protein（蛋白）15.proteinlike compound(类似蛋白质的化合物)16.gonad（性腺）17.cortex（皮质，皮层）18.adrenal gland （肾上腺）19.kidney（肾脏）20.renin（肾素）21.calcium（钙）22.phosphorus(磷)23.pituitary（脑垂体）24.thyroid（甲状腺）25.parathyroid（甲状旁腺）26.pancreas（胰）27.pineal（松果体）28.sphenoid（蝶骨）29.anterior lobe（前叶）30.adenohypophysis（腺垂体）31.posterior lobe（后叶）32. neurohypophysis（神经垂体）33.hypothalamus（下丘脑）34.mammary（乳房的）35.antidiuretic（抗利尿的）36.oxytocin（催产素）37.uterine（子宫的）38.isthmus（峡）39.thyroxine（T4）40.triiodothyronine（T3）41.calcitonin（降钙素）42.homeostasis（内稳态）43.medullar（髓的）44.corticosteroid（皮质类固醇）45.glucocorticoid（糖皮质激素）46.cortisol（可的松）47.mineralocorticoid（盐皮质激素）48.aldosterone（醛固酮）49.epinephrine（肾上腺素)50.norepinephrine，noradrenaline（去甲肾上腺素）51.abdomen（腹部）52.exocrine（外分泌的）53.islets of Langerhans（胰岛）54.ovarian（卵巢的）55.estradiol（雌二醇）56.progesterone（孕酮）57.pregnancy（怀孕）58.malatonin（褪黑素）59.puberty（青春期）60.circadian rhythms（昼夜节律）61. Parathyroid hormone（PTH）62. calcitonin（降血钙素）63.Cushing's syndrome（库欣综合症）64.primary aldosteronism(原发性醛固酮增多症)65.pheochromocytoma（嗜铬细胞瘤）66.gigantism（巨人症）67.acromegaly（肢端肥大症）68.diabetes insipidus（尿崩症）69.hyperthyroidism（甲状腺功能亢进症）70.Graves'disease71.hyperparathyroidism（甲状旁腺功能亢进）72.hypoparathyroidism（甲状旁腺功能低下）73.hyperglycemia（高血糖）74.Addison's disease75.diabetes mellitus（糖尿病）76.glucose（葡萄糖）77.ketoacidosis（酮酸中毒）78.endemic goiter(地方性甲状腺肿大)79.nodular goiter（结节性甲状腺肿大）80.myxedema（粘液性水肿）81.bruit（杂音）82.ptosis（上睑下垂）The Nervous System1.neuron(神经元)2.neurology(神经病学)3.acetylcholine（乙酰胆碱）4.efferent(传出神经)5.afferent(传入神经)6.parasympathetic(副交感神经)7.sympathetic（交感神经）8.ganglion(神经节)9.plexus(神经丛)10.dendrite(树突)11.electrical charge(电信号)12.axon(轴突)13.myelin(髓鞘)14.neurilemma(神经鞘)15.synapse（突触）16.white matter（白质）17.gray matter(灰质)18.neurotransmitter(神经递质)19.neuroglia（神经胶质）20.astrocyte（星型胶质细胞）21.glioma（神经胶质瘤）22.microglia(小神经胶质细胞)23.oligodendroglia（少突胶质细胞）24.cerebrum(大脑)25.convolution，gyrus(脑回)26.peripheral nervous system(周围神经系统)27.autonomic nervous system(自主神经系统)28.visceral nervous system（内脏神经系统）29.groove(沟)30.fissure（裂）31.sulcus(沟)32.thalamus(丘脑)33.hypothalamus(下丘脑)34.diencephalon(间脑)35.pons(脑桥)36.cerebellum(小脑)37.brain stem(脑干)38.medulla oblongata(延髓)39.meninx（脑膜）40.cauda epuina (马尾)41.dura(硬脑膜)42.mater（脑脊髓膜）43.arachnoid(脑蛛网膜)44.pia mater(软脑脊膜)45.lumbar puncture(腰椎穿刺术)08级临床专英卷子（蔡江瑜整理）Tips：介于市面上缺少专英真题，这是我根据记忆整理的，漏了几个单词，段落翻译只能记得些关键词，不过应该翻翻书还是能找到的，给大家一些参考。
病理生理学专业英语
病理生理学专业英语Pathophysiology is a critical field of study that explores the complex mechanisms underlying the development and progression of diseases. As a specialized branch of medical science, it delves into the intricate interplay between biological, physiological, and biochemical processes that contribute to the manifestation of various health conditions. This comprehensive understanding is essential for healthcare professionals, researchers, and students alike, as it forms the foundation for effective diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases.At its core, pathophysiology examines the aberrant changes that occur within the human body when it is subjected to various external and internal stressors. These alterations can range from cellular-level dysfunction to systemic imbalances, leading to the emergence of pathological states. By studying the underlying causes, pathophysiology provides valuable insights into the etiology, risk factors, and progression of diseases, empowering healthcare providers to develop more targeted and personalized interventions.One of the primary focuses of pathophysiology is the study of disease mechanisms. Researchers in this field investigate thecomplex signaling pathways, biochemical reactions, and physiological processes that contribute to the onset and development of various health conditions. This includes understanding the role of genetic factors, environmental influences, and lifestyle choices in the pathogenesis of diseases. By elucidating these mechanisms, pathophysiology enables the development of more effective preventive strategies and therapeutic approaches.Another crucial aspect of pathophysiology is the exploration of the body's adaptive responses to disease. When faced with a pathological state, the human body often responds with a series of compensatory mechanisms in an attempt to maintain homeostasis and mitigate the harmful effects of the underlying condition. Pathophysiologists study these adaptive responses, such as inflammatory processes, immune system activation, and organ-specific compensatory mechanisms, to gain a deeper understanding of the body's resilience and the potential for targeted interventions.Pathophysiology also plays a pivotal role in the field of differential diagnosis, where healthcare professionals must carefully distinguish between various disease entities that present with similar symptoms. By analyzing the unique pathophysiological signatures of different conditions, clinicians can more accurately identify the underlying cause of a patient's health concerns and develop appropriate treatment plans.Furthermore, pathophysiology is instrumental in the development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. Researchers in this field collaborate with experts from various disciplines, including pharmacology, bioengineering, and computational biology, to design innovative technologies and interventions that can detect, manage, and potentially reverse the underlying pathological processes.As the field of pathophysiology continues to evolve, it is essential to recognize its far-reaching implications. By deepening our understanding of the complex mechanisms that govern health and disease, pathophysiology empowers healthcare providers to make more informed decisions, tailor treatments to individual patient needs, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. Moreover, the insights gained from pathophysiological research have the potential to drive advancements in personalized medicine, preventive healthcare, and the development of novel therapeutic approaches.In conclusion, pathophysiology is a dynamic and essential field of study that holds the key to unlocking the mysteries of disease. Through its comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationships between biological, physiological, and biochemical processes, pathophysiology equips healthcare professionals and researchers with the knowledge and tools needed to address the pressing healthchallenges of our time. As the field continues to evolve, the potential for transformative breakthroughs in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases remains ever-present, making pathophysiology a critical cornerstone of modern medical science.。
医学专业英语必备词汇
医学专业英语必备词汇1. Anatomy - 解剖学2. Physiology - 生理学3. Pathology - 病理学4. Pharmacology - 药理学5. Microbiology - 微生物学6. Immunology - 免疫学7. Radiology - 放射学8. Dermatology - 皮肤科学9. Cardiology - 心脏病学10. Gastroenterology - 肠胃病学11. Neurology - 神经病学12. Nephrology - 肾病学13. Hematology - 血液学14. Oncology - 肿瘤学15. Orthopedics - 骨科学16. Ophthalmology - 眼科学17. Obstetrics - 产科学18. Gynecology - 妇科学19. Pediatrics - 小儿科学20. Endocrinology - 内分泌学21. Psychiatry - 精神病学22. Surgery - 外科学23. Anesthesia - 麻醉学24. Radiography - X射线技术25. EKG (Electrocardiogram) - 心电图26. CT Scan (Computerized Tomography) - 计算机断层扫描27. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) - 磁共振成像28. Ultrasound - 超声波29. Biopsy - 活检30. Diagnosis - 诊断31. Treatment - 治疗32. Prescription - 处方33. Medication - 药物34. Surgery - 手术35. Vaccine - 疫苗36. Epidemic - 流行病37. Pandemic - 大流行病38. Symptom - 症状39. Infection - 感染40. Contagious - 传染性的41. Immunity - 免疫力42. Antibiotic - 抗生素43. Antiviral - 抗病毒药物44. Antiseptic - 杀菌剂45. Anesthesia - 麻醉46. Sterilization - 灭菌47. Rehabilitation - 康复48. Prognosis - 预后49. Chronic - 慢性的50. Acute - 急性的。
医学英语专业词汇表
医学英语专业词汇表医学英语专业词汇表Anatomy(解剖学)Abdomen(腹部)Bone(骨骼)Brain(大脑)Cardiovascular system(心血管系统) Digestive system(消化系统)Muscles(肌肉)Organs(器官)Skeleton(骨架)Skin(皮肤)1.Physiology(生理学)Autonomic nervous system(自主神经系统) Biochemical reactions(生化反应)Cell structure and function(细胞结构与功能) Endocrine system(内分泌系统)Energy metabolism(能量代谢)Fluid balance and circulation(水分平衡与循环) Immune system(免疫系统)Metabolism(新陈代谢)Nervous system(神经系统)Respiration(呼吸)Circulatory system(循环系统)1.Medical Terminology(医学术语)Adrenal gland(肾上腺)Arthritis(关节炎)Asthma(哮喘)Back pain(背痛)Blood pressure(血压)Cancer(癌症)Cardiovascular disease(心血管疾病)Diabetes mellitus(糖尿病)Ear infection(耳部感染)Fever(发热)Heart attack(心肌梗死)Heart disease(心脏病)Influenza(流感)Kidney stones(肾结石)这只是一个简短的医学英语专业词汇表，涵盖了一些基本的医学领域。
如果您想深入学习医学英语，建议您查阅相关的教材、课程和资源。
病理生理学词汇
nocturia <病理生理学 Pathophysiology> 夜尿
nonesterified bilirubin <病理生理学 Pathophysiology> 非酯型胆红素
nonoliguric acute renal failure <病理生理学 Pathophysiology> 非少尿型急性肾功能衰竭
病理生理学(Patho<病理生理学 Pathophysiology> 病理生理学
afterload <病理生理学 Pathophysiology> 后负荷
anatomic shunt <病理生理学 Pathophysiology> 解剖短路
respiratory hypoxia <病理生理学 Pathophysiology> 呼吸性缺氧
respiratory insufficiency <病理生理学 Pathophysiology> 呼吸功能不全
oxygen content <病理生理学 Pathophysiology> 血氧含量
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea <病理生理学 Pathophysiology> 夜间阵发性呼吸困难
pathogenesis <病理生理学 Pathophysiology> 发病学
respiratory acidosis <病理生理学 Pathophysiology> 呼吸性酸中毒
respiratory alkalosis <病理生理学 Pathophysiology> 呼吸性碱中毒
病理学英语词汇大全
病理学英语词汇大全病理学英语词汇大全：pathology病理学acidophilicbody嗜酸小体acuteinflammation急性炎症acuteproliferativeglomerulonephritis,acuteprolglom.rm急性增殖性肾小球肾炎acuteviralhepatitis急性病毒性肝炎adenocarcinoma腺癌adenoma腺瘤airembolism空气栓塞alteration变质alterativeinflammation变质性炎症alveolarcarcinoma肺泡上皮癌amyloiddegeneration淀粉样变性anaplasia间变anemicinfarct贫血性梗死anteriorpoliomyelitis脊髓前角灰质炎apoptosis程序性细胞死亡,凋落,凋亡appendicitis阑尾炎arterialhyperemia动脉性充血arteriolosclerosis细动脉硬化arterioscleroticheartdisease动脉硬化性心脏病Aschoffbodyatheroma粥肿atherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化atrophicgastritis萎缩性胃炎atrophy萎缩atypia异型性autopsy尸体解剖bacillarydysentery细菌性痢疾bacteremia菌血症bacterialendocarditis细菌性心内膜炎bacterialpneumonia细菌性肺炎benigntumor良性肿瘤biopsy活组织检查bridgingnecrosis桥状坏死bronchialasthma支气管哮喘bronchiectasis支气管扩张,支气管扩张症bronchopneumonia支气管肺炎BurkittlymphomaBurkitt淋巴瘤cachexia恶病质,恶液质carcinoid类癌?carcinoma癌carcinomaofthyroid甲状腺癌cardiomyopathy心肌病carnification肉质变?caseousnecrosis干酪样坏死? caseouspneumonia干酪性肺结核cavity空洞degeneration变性，溃变? diffuseglomerulonephritis弥漫性肾小球肾炎disease疾病?drygangrene干性坏疽?duodenalulcer十二指肠溃疡dysplasia发育不良?edema水肿embolism栓塞?embolus栓子?emphysema肺气肿encapsulation包围?endemicgoiter地方性甲状腺肿?endocardium心内膜?epidemicmeningitis流行性脑膜炎? epithelioidcell类上皮细胞?erosion侵蚀etiology病原学? externalhemorrhage外出血?exudate渗出液?exudation渗血fatembolism脂肪栓塞fattydegeneration脂肪变性?fibrin纤维蛋白fibrinoiddegeneration纤维素样变性? fibrinoidnecrosis纤维素样坏死? fibroadenoma纤维腺瘤?fibroma纤维瘤fibrosarcoma纤维肉瘤? follicularadenocarcinoma滤泡腺癌? foreignbodygiantcell异物巨细胞? gangrene坏疽gasgangrene气性坏疽?gastritis胃炎?giantcelltumor巨细胞瘤?goiter甲状腺肿granularatrophickidney颗粒性萎缩肾granulationtissue肉芽组织? hairycellleukemia毛细胞白血病? heartheartfailure心力衰竭hemorrhage出血hemorrhagicinfarct出血性梗死? hemosiderin含铁血黄素，血铁黄蛋白hyalinedegeneration玻璃样变性? hyalinemembrane透明膜? hydropicdegeneration水性肿胀(水样变性) hyperplasia增生hypertension高血压hypertrophiccardiomyopathy肥厚型心肌病hypertrophy肥厚infarct梗死?infectioushepatitis传染性肝炎? infiltration浸润?inflammation炎症inflammatorypolyp炎性息肉?injury损伤internalhemorrhage内出血? ischemicnecrosis贫血性坏死? leftventricle左心室?leiomyoma平滑肌瘤?leiomyosarcoma平滑肌肉瘤?lesion病变?leukemoidreaction类白血病反应lipoma脂肪瘤?liposarcoma脂肪肉瘤liquefactivenecrosis液化性坏死? lobarpneumonia大叶性肺炎lobularpneumonia小叶性肺炎?lymphoma淋巴瘤macronodularcirrhosis大结节性肝硬变malignanthistiocytosis恶性组织细胞增生症malignanttumor恶性肿瘤medullarycarcinoma髓样癌melanin黑色素melanoma黑色素瘤membranousglomerulonephritis膜性肾小球肾炎metaplasia化生metastasis转移micronodularcirrhosis小结节性肝硬变mixedtumor混合瘤moistgangrene湿性坏疽mucinouscystadenoma粘液性囊腺瘤mycoplasmapneumonia支原体肺炎myeloma骨髓瘤myocardialinfarction心肌梗塞myocardium心肌myoma肌瘤myxoma粘液瘤necrosis坏死nephriticsyndrome肾病综合征nephrosclerosis肾硬化neuroblastoma神经母细胞瘤neurofibroma神经纤维瘤rheumaticmyocarditis风湿性心肌炎rheumatism风湿症sarcoma肉瘤scar瘢痕,疤痕sclerosis硬化septicemia败血症serouscystadenoma浆液性囊腺瘤shock休克silicosis矽肺squamouscellcarcinoma扁平上皮癌，鳞状上皮癌stageofcongestion充血期stageofgrayhepatization灰色肝样变期stageofredhepatization红色肝样变期subacuteinflammation亚急性炎subacuteviralhepatitis亚急性病毒性肝炎neuroticatrophy神经性萎缩oncogene癌基因，原癌基因organization机化osteoma骨瘤osteosarcoma骨肉瘤paleinfarct白色梗死papilloma乳头状瘤pathogenesis发病学pathologicanatomy病理解剖学pathologicatrophy病理性萎缩pathology病理学pepticulcer消化性溃疡pericarditis心包炎pericardium心包physiologicatrophy生理性萎缩piecemealnecrosis碎片状坏死pituitaryadenoma垂体腺瘤polypoidadenoma息肉状腺瘤primarycomplex原发综合征proliferation增殖pulmonaryabscess肺脓肿pulmonaryemphysema肺气肿pulmonarytuberculosis肺结核pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎rapidlyprogressiveglomerulonephritis急进性肾小球肾炎redinfarct红色梗死regeneration再生repair修复rheumaticcarditis风湿性心脏炎rheumaticendocarditis风湿性心内膜炎rheumaticepicarditis风湿性心外膜炎rheumaticheartdisease风湿性心脏病symptom症状syphilis(lues)梅毒teratoma畸胎瘤thromboembolism血栓栓塞thrombosis血栓形成thrombus血栓。
医学专业英语的重点单词终结版-推荐下载
医学专业英语的重点单词终结版Human Body1.anatomy(解剖学)2.embryology(胚胎学)3.histology(组织学)4.hematology(血液学)5.immunology(免疫学)6.biology(生物学)7.cytology(细胞学)8.physiology(生理学)9.endocrinology（内分泌学）10.psychology(心理学)11.skeletal system(骨骼系统)12.muscular system (肌肉系统)13.circulatory system (循环系统)14.respiratory system(呼吸系统)15.urinary system (泌尿系统)16. endocrine system(内分泌系统)17.reproductive system(生殖系统)18.principal (重要的)19.joint(关节)20.cartilage(软骨)21.bone marrow（骨髓）22.cube-shaped(立方的)23.interior（内部的）24.external (外部的)25.hinge joint(结合点)26.pivot joint (区轴点)27.socket (臼槽)28.skull (颅骨)29.elbow (肘部)30.breast（胸部）31.hip joints (髂关节)32.cushioning（缓冲）33.striated muscles（条纹肌）34.smooth muscles（平滑肌）35.voluntary muscles(随意肌)36.function (功能)37.nourishment（营养）38.nutrient（营养素）39.blood vessel（血管）40.cardiovascular system (心血管系统)41.artery（动脉）42.capillary（毛细血管）43.vein （静脉）44.lymphatic system（淋巴系统）45.lymph vessel (淋巴管)46.lymph nodes(淋巴结)47.spleen（脾）48.expel（排除）49.carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)50.oxygen （氧气）rynx，throat（喉管）52.windpipe、trachea(气管)53.esophagus(食管)54.exhale（呼出）55.molecule（分子）56.saliva(唾液)57.enzyme（酶）58.kidney（肾）59.urine（尿液）60.ureter（输尿管）61.urethra（尿道）62.bile(胆汁)63.gallbladder (胆囊)64.sodium（钠）65.potassium(钾)66.bladder（膀胱）67.pancreas（胰腺）68.hormone（激素）69.pituitary(脑垂体)70.thyroid(甲状腺)71.adrenal gland (肾上腺)72.cortisone(可的松)73.adrenaline(肾上腺素)74.insulin（胰岛素）75.glucagon(胰高血糖素)76.collar bone（锁骨）77.spinal column(脊柱)78.spinal cord （脊髓）79.sperm(精子)80.ovum （卵子）81.testis，testes(睾丸)82.ovary（卵巢）83.testosterone (睾酮)84.progesterone（孕酮）85.estrogen（雌激素）86.tactile（触觉的）87.accessory (附属的)88.pharynx(咽)Human disease1.pathology (病理学)2.pathogen（病原体）3.fungi(真菌) fungus(s.)4.bacteria(细菌) bacterium(s.)5.virus(病毒) viruses(pl.)6.diagnose（诊断）7.paralysis（瘫痪, 麻痹）8.symptom（症状）9.sign（体征）10.symptomatic（有症状的）11.asymptomatic（无症状的）12.acute disease（急性病）13.chronic disease（慢性病）14.subacute disease（亚急性病）15.fatal（致命的）16.rheumatic fever（风湿热)17.subarachnoid（蛛网膜下的）18.epidemic disease（传染病）19.endemic disease（地方病）20.airborne droplets（空气传播的）21.apnea（呼吸暂停）22.atonia（张力缺乏）23.degeneration（退化）24.Stomatitis（口腔炎）25.prolapse（直肠、子宫等脱垂脱出）26.malfunction（功能失调）27.obesity（肥胖）28.malnutrition（营养不良的）29.hereditary（遗传）30.mental retardation(智力发育迟缓的)31.venereal disease（花柳病）32.hepatitis（肝炎）33.colitis（结肠炎）34.cholera（霍乱）35.typhoid fever（伤寒）36.boils（疥）37.pimples（小脓包)38.pus（脓）39.abscess（脓肿）40.armpit（腋窝）41.blood poisoning/sepsis(败血症)42.phagocyte（吞噬细胞）43.antigen（抗原）44.antibody（抗体）45.immunoglobulin(免疫球蛋白)46.opsonization（调理作用）plement（补体）48.negative feedback control（负反馈调节）The Digestive System1.gastrointestinal tract (胃肠道)2.ingestion(摄入)3.absorption（吸收）4.digestive(消化)5.elimination(排泄)6.oral cavity/buccal cavity（口腔）7.palate(腭)8.chewing(mastication)（咀嚼）9.swallowing(deglutition)（吞咽）、管路敷设技术通过管线敷设技术不仅可以解决吊顶层配置不规范高中资料试卷问题，而且可保障各类管路习题到位。
医学专业英语词汇：全面掌握
医学专业英语词汇：全面掌握医学专业英语词汇对于医学研究和研究非常重要。
全面掌握医学专业英语词汇可以帮助我们更好地理解和应用医学知识。
以下是一些常用的医学专业英语词汇，供参考：1. Anatomy（解剖学）: The study of the structure and organization of the human body.2. Physiology（生理学）: The study of how the body functions and the processes that occur within it.3. Pathology（病理学）: The study of diseases and the changes that occur in the body as a result of illness.4. Pharmacology（药理学）: The study of drugs and their effects on the body.5. Diagnosis（诊断）: The identification of a disease or condition based on symptoms, medical tests, and patient history.6. Treatment（治疗）: The medical care provided to a patient to improve their health or alleviate symptoms.7. Surgery（外科手术）: The branch of medicine that involves using manual or instrumental techniques to treat diseases or injuries through operative procedures.8. Radiology（放射学）: The use of medical imaging techniques, such as X-rays or MRI, to diagnose and treat diseases.9. Pediatrics（儿科学）: The branch of medicine that focuses on the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.10. Obstetrics and Gynecology（产科学和妇科学）: The branch of medicine that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the female reproductive system.以上是一些医学专业英语词汇的简要介绍，希望对你的医学研究有所帮助。
病理生理学必备英文单词
病理生理学pathophysiology水纳代谢低渗性脱水Hypotonic dehydration高渗性脱水Hypertonic dehydration等渗性脱水（Isotonic dehydration水中毒Water intoxication水肿（Edema隐性水肿recessive edema钾代谢障碍低钾血症Hypokalemia高钾血症Hyperkalemia超极化阻滞Hyperpolarized blocking去极化阻滞Depolarized blocking酸碱紊乱挥发酸volatile acid固定酸fixed acid代谢性metabolic呼吸性respiratory酸中毒acidosis碱中毒alkalosis乳酸性酸中毒（lactic acidosis酮症酸中毒（keto-acidosis缺氧缺氧hypoxia低张性缺氧（hypotonic hypoxia血液性缺氧（hemic hypoxia循环性缺氧（circulatory hypoxia组织性缺氧（histogenous hypoxia发绀（cyanosis贫血性缺氧（anemic hypoxia高铁血红蛋白血症（methemoglobinemia发热发热Fever过热（Hyperthermia发热激活物（Pyrogenic activator内生致热原（Endogenous Pyrogen EP休克休克Shock多器官功能障碍综合征multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS 弥散性血管内凝血全身性Shwartzman反应（general Shwartzman reaction,GSR心功能不全Cardiac Dysfunction心律失常Arrhythmia心室重塑Ventricle remodeling向心性肥大concentric hypertrophy离心性肥大eccentric hypertrophy体循环淤血Systemic congestion肺循环淤血Congestion of pulmonary circulation劳力性呼吸困难Dyspnea on exertion端坐呼吸Orthopnea肺功能不全呼吸功能不全(respiratory insufficiency等压点（isobaric point, IP功能性分流(functional shunt静脉血掺杂venous admixture解剖分流anatomic shunt真性分流true shunt急性呼吸窘迫综合征Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS慢性阻塞性肺部疾病Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD 肺性脑病pulmonary encephalopathy肝功能不全Hepatic dysfunction肝性脑病（Hepatic Encephalopathy, HE内源性肝性脑病（Endogenous HE外源性肝性脑病（Exogenous HE肾功能不全Renal Insufficiency急性肾功能衰竭（Acute Renal Failure，ARF氮质血症（Azotemia健存肾单位假说（Intact nephron hypothesis矫枉失衡假说（Trade-off hypothesis少尿Oliguria夜尿nocturia多尿（polyuria内生肌酐清除率（clearance of creatinine。
生理学英语专业单词
《生理学》英语专业单词第一章绪论内环境internal environment稳态homeostasis负反馈negative feedback正反馈positive feedback第二章细胞的基本功能原发性主动转运primary active transport 继发性主动转运secondary active transport 静息电位resting potential，RP极化polarization超极化hyperpolarization去极化depolarization复极化repolarization动作电位action potential，AP阈电位threshold potential，TP兴奋性excitability第三章血液红细胞erythrocyte白细胞leukocyte血小板thrombocyte 血细胞比容hematocrit红细胞的悬浮稳定性suspension stability红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentation rate，ESR 生理性止血physiological hemostasis血液凝固blood coagulation凝血因子clotting factor血型blood group第四章循环系统心电图electrocardiogram，ECG心动周期cardiac cycle搏出量stroke volume，SV每分心输出量minute volume心输出量cardiac output，CO心指数cardiac index射血分数ejection fraction心力储备cardiac reserve收缩压systolic pressure舒张压diastolic pressure脉搏压pulse pressure中心静脉压central venous pressure，CVP第五章呼吸生理肺通气pulmonary ventilation 潮气量tidal volume，TV肺活量vital capacity，VC用力肺活量forced vital capacity，FVC 用力呼气量forced expiratory volume，FEV解剖无效腔anatomical dead space肺泡无效腔alveolar dead space生理无效腔physiological dead space肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation肺通气/血流比值ventilation/perfusion ratio波尔效应Bohr effect何尔登效应Haldane effect第六章消化与吸收消化digestion吸收absorption容受性舒张receptive relaxation胃排空gastric emptying第七章能量代谢和体温基础代谢basal metabolism基础代谢率basal metabolic rate，BMR 体温body temperature发汗sweating第八章尿的生成和排出肾小球滤过率glomerular filtration rate，GFR滤过分数filtration fraction，FF肾糖阈renal glucose thredhold渗透性利尿osmotic diuresis水利尿water diuresis第九章感觉器官(感受器的)适宜刺激adequate stimulus(感受器的)换能作用transducer function (感受器的)适应adaptation近点near point暗适应dark adaptation明适应light adaptation第十章神经系统兴奋性突触后电位excitatory postsynaptic potential，EPSP抑制性突触后电位inhibitory postsynaptic potential，IPSP神经递质neurotransmitter受体receptor配体ligand牵涉痛referred pain脊休克spinal shock牵张反射stretch reflex腱反射tendon reflex肌紧张muscle tonus去大脑僵直decerebrate rigidity第一信号系统first signal system第二信号系统second signal system脑电图electroencephalogram，EEG第十一章内分泌系统激素hormone允许作用permissive action远距分泌telecrine神经分泌neurocrine碘阻滞效应Wolff-Chaikoff effect 应激stress应激反应stress response应急反应emergency reaction第十二章生殖卵巢周期ovarian cycle排卵ovulation月经menstruation月经周期menstrual cycle。
精选医学专业英语词汇大全
精选医学专业英语词汇大全1. Anatomy (解剖学)- Abdomen: 腹部- Brain: 大脑- Heart: 心脏- Kidney: 肾脏- Liver: 肝脏- Lungs: 肺- Stomach: 胃- Spine: 脊柱2. Physiology (生理学)- Blood pressure: 血压- Digestion: 消化- Respiration: 呼吸- Circulation: 循环- Metabolism: 新陈代谢- Hormones: 激素- Nervous system: 神经系统- Immune system: 免疫系统3. Diseases and Conditions (疾病与病况) - Diabetes: 糖尿病- Cancer: 癌症- Asthma: 哮喘- Hypertension: 高血压- Arthritis: 关节炎- Depression: 抑郁症- Obesity: 肥胖症- Pneumonia: 肺炎4. Medical Procedures (医疗程序)- Surgery: 手术- X-ray: X射线- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): 磁共振成像- Blood test: 血液检查- Vaccination: 疫苗接种- Dialysis: 透析- Chemotherapy: 化疗5. Medical Specialties (医学专科) - Cardiology: 心脏病学- Dermatology: 皮肤科- Gastroenterology: 胃肠病学- Neurology: 神经学- Psychiatry: 精神病学- Obstetrics and Gynecology: 妇产科- Orthopedics: 骨科- Pediatrics: 儿科6. Medical Instruments (医疗器械) - Stethoscope: 听诊器- Thermometer: 温度计- Sphygmomanometer: 血压计- Scalpel: 解剖刀- Syringe: 注射器- Electrocardiograph: 心电图仪- Ultrasound machine: 超声波机- Endoscope: 内窥镜以上是一份精选医学专业英语词汇大全，涵盖了解剖学、生理学、疾病与病况、医疗程序、医学专科和医疗器械等方面的词汇。
病理生理学-专业词汇-中英文对照
A2,3—diphosphoglyceric acid, 2,3-DPG 2，3—二磷酸甘油酸5—hydroxytryptamine receptor 5—羟色胺受体5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT 五羟色胺A cyclosporin A 环胞霉素A1 annexin A1 膜联蛋白a11ergy 变态反应abdominal distention 腹胀abdominal pain 腹痛acetylcholine Ach 乙酰胆碱acetylcholine receptor，AchR Ach受体Acid phosphatase, ACP 酸性磷酸酶acid sensitive ionic channels ASICs 酸敏感离子通道acid-base balance 酸碱平衡acid—base disturbance 酸碱平衡紊乱acid—base imbalance 酸碱失衡actin 肌动蛋白activated partial thromboplastin time APTT 活化部分凝血活酶时间activation function 1,AF-1 激活功能1activation function 2，AF-2 激活功能2actual bicarbonate, AB 实际碳酸氢盐acute phase protein 急性期蛋白acute phase response 急性期反应acute promyelocytic leukemia 急性早幼粒细胞白血病acute psychogenic reaction 急性心因性反应acute pulmonary edema 急性肺水肿acute pulmonary injury, ALI 急性肺损伤acute renal failure，ARF 急性肾功能衰竭acute respiratory distress syndrome， ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute tubular necrosis，A TN 急性肾小管坏死adapter protein 适配体蛋白adaptor 接头蛋白adaptor protein 适配体蛋白adenylate cyclase AC 腺苷酸环化酶adhesion molecule 黏附分子adipokines 脂肪因子adiponectin 脂联素adipose tissue，AT 脂肪组织adjustment disorders 适应障碍adrenalin 肾上腺素adrenergic receptor 肾上腺素能受体adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH 促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH 促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素adriamycin 阿霉素advanced glycosylation end products, AGE 38 39 高级糖基化终产物aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素after depolarization 后除极aging 老化agonosia 失认aheolar ventilation 肺泡通气量alarm stage 警觉期aldosterone 醛固酮a—L—fucosidase，AFU a-L岩藻糖苷酶alignment of the chromosomes 染色质联会alkylating agents 烷化剂allelic heterogeneity 等位异质性allelic loss 等位基因丢失alpha-fetoprotein，AFP 甲胎蛋白alternative pathway 替代途径alternative splicing 选择性剪接alternative splicing，AS 选择性剪接alveolar PCO2, PACO2 肺泡气二氧化碳分压alveolar PO2，PAO2 肺泡气氧分压Alzheimer disease, AD 阿尔茨海默病a—Melanocyte stimulating hormone，a—MSH 黑素细胞刺激素American College of Cardiology，ACC 美国心脏病学会American Heart Association,AHA 美国心脏协会ammonia 氨中毒amplification of signal 信号放大amygdala 杏仁核amyloid precursor protein，ARP 淀粉样蛋白前体anaphase 后期anaphylactic shock 过敏性休克anaphylactoid purpura 过敏性紫癜Anaplasma phagocytophilum 嗜吞噬无形体anasarca 全身性水肿anatomic shunt 解剖分流angiogenin 基因扩增angiotensin Ⅰ，Ang Ⅰ血管紧张素Ⅰangiotensin Ⅱ,AngⅡ血管紧张素Ⅱangiotensin-converting enzyme，ACE 血管紧张素转化酶angiotension converting enzyme inhibitor,ACEI 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂anion gap, AG 阴离子间隙ankyrin 锚蛋白annexin 2 膜联蛋白2annexin—1 膜联蛋白-1anorexia 食欲不振anterior cingule cortex ACC 大脑前扣带皮质antidiuretic hormone,ADH 抗利尿激素antimetabolite 血管生长素antiostain 抗代谢药物antisense 反义antithrombin III AT III 抗凝血酶IIIanuia 无尿aphasia 失语aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血apolipoprotein A1 血管抑制素apoptosis 凋亡apoptosis 细胞凋亡apoptosis inducing factor，AIF 凋亡诱导因子apoptosome 凋亡复合体apoptotic bodies 凋亡小体apoptotic effector 凋亡效应因子apoptotic lesion 凋亡性损伤apoptotic protease activating factor,Apaf 凋亡蛋白酶激活因子apraxia 失用aquaporin，AQP 水通道arachidonic acid AA 花生四烯酸aralkylating agents 载脂蛋白A1ARAS 上行网状激动系统arcuate nucleus, ARC 弓状核Arg—Gly—Asp，GRD 芳烷化剂arginine vasopressin，A VP 精氨酸加压素arginine,R 精氨酸aromatic amino acids，AAA 芳香族氨基酸arrhythmia 心律失常arylhydroxylamines 精—甘—天冬氨酸asbestos 芳基异羟肟胺类ascending reticular activating system ARAS 脑干上行网状激动系统ascending reticular inhibitory system ARIS 上行网状抑制系统asymbolia for pain 疼痛说示不能综合征asymmetric cell division 细胞的不对称分裂ata 石棉ataxia and rad3 related，ATR 共济失调毛细血管扩张症Rad3相关蛋白Ataxia telangiectasia,A T 共济失调性毛细血管扩张症ataxia—telangiectasia，AT 毛细血管扩张性共济失调症突变基因ataxia—telangiectasia-mutated,A TM 毛细血管扩张性共济失调突变蛋白atherosclerosis，AS 动脉粥样硬化athogenesis 发病学ATLL T 细胞白血病淋巴瘤ATP binding pocket ATP结合口袋ATP receptor ATP受体atrial natriuretic peptide ANP 心房利尿钠肽autocrine motility factor，AMF 自分泌运动因子autoimmune disease 自身免疫性疾病automatic external defibrillator，AED 自动体外除颤器automatic impulse 自主性激动autophagic cell death 自噬性细胞死亡autophagin 自噬素autophagolysosome 自噬溶酶体autophagosome，AP 自噬体autophagy 细胞自噬autophagy 自噬autophagy 自噬性程序性细胞死亡autophagy-related proteins，Atg 细胞自噬相关蛋白autophosphorylation 自主磷酸化azotemia 氮质血症α—lactalbumin α-乳白蛋白BB1 cyclin B1 细胞周期蛋白bacterial translocation 细菌移位BaP 苯并芘base excess, BE 碱剩余base excision repair，BER 碱基切除修复baterial endotoxin 细菌内毒素Bax—interacting factor 1，BIF-1 Bax作用因子1B-cell lymphoma 2，Bcl-2 B细胞淋巴瘤2Bcl—2 homology,BH Bcl—2同源结构域beme oxygenase 血红素加氧酶benign tumor 良性肿瘤benzediazepine，BZ 苯二氮卓Beta—amyloid，Aββ—淀粉样蛋白biallelic 二等位基因bi—allelie marker 双等位标记big MAP kinase，BMK1 大丝裂原活化蛋白激酶bilinogen enterohepatic circulation 胆素原的肠肝循环bilirubin 胆红素bilirubin encephalopathy 胆红素性脑病biliverdin reductase 胆绿素还原酶biofeedback therapy 生物反馈治疗bioinformatics 生物信息学blebbing 水泡化blood urea nitrogen，BUN 血浆尿素氮bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells 骨髓造血干细胞bradykinin BK 缓激肽brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF 脑源神经营养因子brain stem 脑干brain—derived neurotrophic factor BDNF 脑源性神经营养因子branched-chain amino acids，BCAA 支链氨基酸breakage—fusion-brige, BFB 断裂—融合—桥breast cancer susceptibility gene C terminus,BRCT 乳腺癌易感基因羧基末端结构域brown adipo 棕色脂肪组织Brugada Syndrome Brugada综合征buffer base，BB 缓冲碱Burkholderia pseudomallei 类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌burn shoch 烧伤性休克butyrolactone 丁内酯bystander cell 旁观者细胞β2—Microglobulin，β2Mβ2—微球蛋白β—amyloid precursor protein β—淀粉样前体蛋白β—amyloid protein β—淀粉样蛋白β—endorphin β-内啡肽β—lactams β—内酰胺类CC cytochrome C，Cyto—C 细胞色素C1—esterase inhibitor C1酯酶抑制物Ca2+ ionophore Ca2+离子载体cadherin 钙离子依赖的细胞黏附素cadherins 钙粘蛋白calcitonin ，CT 降钙素calcitonin gene related protein CGRP 降钙素基因相关蛋白calcium dyshomeostasis 钙稳态失衡calcium leak Ca2+泄漏calcium overload 钙超载calcium paradox 钙反常calcium transient Ca2+瞬变calmodulin,CaM 钙调蛋白calmodulin-dependent kinase II,CaMK II 钙调蛋白依赖性激酶II calmodulin—dependent kinase,CaMK 钙调蛋白依赖性激酶cancer 癌症cancer stem cells，CSC 肿瘤干细胞capping protein 加帽蛋白carbon dioxide narcosis 二氧化碳麻醉carbon monoxide，CO 一氧化碳carbonic anhydrase, CA 碳酸酐酶carboxyhemoglobin, HbCO 碳氧血红蛋白carcinoembryonic antigen，CEA 癌胚抗原carcinogen 致癌物cardiac asthma 心源性哮喘cardiac edema 心性水肿cardiac index，CI 心脏指数cardiac insufficiency 心功能不全cardiac output,CO 心输出量cardiac resynchronization therapy,CRT 心脏再同步治疗cardiogenic shock 心源性休克carnitine palmitoyl transferase—1，CPT—1 肉碱脂酰转移酶—1 caspase 半胱天冬酶caspase-like apoptosis regulatory protein，CLARP 半胱天冬酶样凋亡调节蛋白Caspase—recruitment domain,CARD 凋亡蛋白酶募集结构域catabolic process 分解代谢过程catecholamine 儿茶酚胺catecholamine，CA 儿茶酚胺Catypical protein kinase C，aPKC 非典型性蛋白激酶CDK inhibitor，CKI CDK抑制因子CDK—activating kinase，CAK CDK活化激酶CEA 癌胚抗原cell adhesion molecule，CAM 细胞粘附分子cell cycle 细胞周期Cell Damage 细胞损伤cell differentiation 细胞分化cell division 细胞分裂cell division cycle 2，CDC2 细胞分裂周期2cell pathology 细胞病理学cell proliferation 细胞增殖cell signaling 细胞信号传递cell stress 细胞应激cellular hydration 细胞水合cellular oncogene 细胞癌基因central nervous system CNS 中枢神经系统central pain 中枢性疼痛central venous pressure，CVP 中心静脉压centrosome 中心体cerebral cortex 大脑皮层chaperokine 伴侣因子chaperon mediated autophagy，CMA 分子伴侣介导的自噬checkpoint 检测点chemokine 趋化因子chemokine receptors 趋化因子受体chemoprevention 化学预防cholecystokinin CCK 胆囊收缩素choline acetyl transferase ChAT 胆碱乙酰基转移酶chondroitin sulfate 硫酸软骨素chromatin body 染色质小体chromosomal aberration 染色体畸变chromosomal instability,CIN 染色体不稳定chromosome instability 染色体不稳定性chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎chronic inflammationsyndrome 慢性炎症综合征chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD 慢性阻塞性肺疾病chronic renal failure，CRF 慢性肾功能衰竭ciliary neurotrophic factor CNTF 睫状神经营养因子ciliary neurotrophic factor, CNTF 睫状神经营养因子circulatory hypoxia 循环性缺氧cirrhosis of liver 肝硬化cis—acting element 顺式作用元件cis—acting element 顺式作用元件cis-regulatory module 顺式调节模块c-Jun N terminal kinase,JNK c—Jun N端蛋白激酶class I PI3K protein I类PI3K蛋白clot 血凝块cluster 集簇coactivator 共激活因子coagulation 凝血Coding-region SNPs,cSNPs 基因编码区SNPs cognitive appraisal 认知评价cognitive disorder，cognitive handicap 认知障碍cold inducible RNA—binding protein 寒冷诱导的RNA结合蛋白cold sensitive neuron 冷敏神经元cold shock 冷休克cold shock protein 冷休克蛋白cold shock response 冷休克反应cold stress 冷应激collagen 胶原collagenases 胶原酶coma 昏迷代偿性抗炎反应综合征compensatory anti-inflammatory responsesyndrome，CARScompensatory stage of shock 休克代偿期complement,C 补体complete recovery 完全康复complex multisite variants 复合性多位点变异concentric hypertrophy 向心性肥大confusion 意识模糊congestive hypoxia 淤血性缺氧conjugated bilirubin 结合胆红conscious disturbance 意识障碍consciousness 意识constipation 便秘constitutive expression 基础表达content of consciousness 意识内容contraction alkalosis 浓缩性碱中毒copy number variant，CNV . 拷贝数目变异copy number variation，CNVs 拷贝数变异Core temperature 核心温度co-receptor 辅受体分子corepressor 共遏蛋白cornu dorsale medullae spinalis 脊髓背角cornu posterius medullae spinalis 脊髓后角corticostriatal loop 皮层-纹状体环路corticotrophin releasing hormone, CRH 促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素Coxiella burnetii 贝氏柯克斯体Coxsackie virus 柯萨奇病毒CpG island methylator phenotype,CIMP CpG岛的甲基化表型CpG islands CpG岛c—reactive protein C—反应蛋白C-reactive protein,CRP C—反应蛋白cross—bridge 横桥cross—talk 交叉对话cryotherapy 冷冻疗法cSNP synonymous cSNP 同义cSNPs non-synonymous cSNP 非同义C—terminal domain，CTD C—端结构域cyanosis 发绀cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP 环磷酸腺苷cyclic GMP，cGMP 环磷酸鸟苷cyclin 周期素cyclin—dependent kinase complex 周期素依赖性激酶复合物cyclin—dependent kinase，CDK 依赖周期素激酶cyclin—dependent protein kinase 4，CDK4 细胞周期素依赖性激酶4S cyclooxygenase 环加氧酶cyclooxygenase COX 环氧合酶cycloxygenase，COX 环加氧酶cysteine-containing aspartate—specific protease，凋亡蛋白酶Caspasecystic fibrosis 纤维囊性变囊性纤维化转膜传导调节因子cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductanceregulator，CFTRcytochrome P450 monooxygenase 细胞色素P450单氧合酶cytoglobin，CGb 胞红蛋白cytokine 细胞因子cytokine cascade 细胞因子级联反应cytoplasmic death 细胞浆性细胞死亡cytoplasmic receptor 胞浆受体cytoplasm-to—vacuole targeting pathway，CVT 囊泡靶向通路γ—aminobutyric acid ,GABA γ-氨基丁酸γ—aminobutyric acid A receptor，GABAR γ-氨基丁酸受体Ddanger signal 危险信号data mining 信息分析D-dimer D-二聚体de novo synthesis 重新合成dead space like ventilation 死腔样通气dead space volume，VD 生理性死腔量death domain，DD 死亡结构域death effector domain，DED 死亡效应结构域death—inducing signaling complex，DISC 死亡诱导信号复合体decompensatory stage of shock 休克失代偿期decorticated state 去大脑皮质状态decoy protein 陷阱蛋白defensin 防御素defervesence peroid 体温下降期degradation 降解degradative autophagic vacuole，A Vd 降解性细胞自噬体delayed afterdepolarization，DAD 延迟后除极delayed psychogenic reaction 延迟性心因性反应delayed repolarization 延迟复极deletion 缺失deletions 缺失delirium 瞻妄状态denaturation 变性dermatan sulfate 硫酸皮肤素desmin，DM 肌间线蛋白Di George综合征先天性胸腺发育不全diabetes mellitus 糖尿病diabetes,DM 糖尿病diabetic nephropathy, DN 糖尿病肾病diacylglycerol DAG 甘油二酯diacylglycerol,DAG 甘油二酯diarrhea 腹泻diastolic heart failure 舒张性心力衰竭differential expression 差异表达differentiated cell 分化细胞diffusion impairment 弥散障碍dimer 二聚体direct—acting carcinogen 直接作用致癌物disase—modifying genes 疾病修饰基因disease 疾病disease Gene Network，DGN 疾病基因网络disease—associated gene 相关基因disease—Disease Gene Network 疾病与疾病基因网络disorder of absorption 吸收不良disorder of digestion 消化障碍disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC 弥散性血管内凝血distress 劣性应激DMBA 二甲基苯并蒽DNA damage checkpoint DNA损伤检测点DNA fragmentation DNA的片段化DNA methyltransferase,DNMT DNA甲基转移酶DNA protein kinase，DNA—PK DNA蛋白激酶DNA repair gene DNA修复基因DNA-binding domain，DBD DNA结合结构域DNA—dependent protein kinase 依赖性蛋白激酶domain 结构域dominant negative mutation 显性负突变dopamine，DA 多巴胺double acid—base disturbance 二重酸碱平衡紊乱double FYVE domain-containing protein 1,DFCP1 双FYVE结构域蛋白1 DSB 双链断裂duplications 重复Dynamic Electrocardiography,DCG 动态心电图dynamic mutation 动态突变dynorphin DYN 强啡肽dysfunction of gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道功能障碍：dysoxidative hypoxia 氧利用障碍性缺氧dyspnea 呼吸困难dyspnea on exertion 劳力性呼吸困难Eearly afterdepolarization，EAD 早期后除极eccentric hypertrophy 离心性肥大edema 水肿edema 水肿effector 执行者EF-hand EF手ejection fraction，EF 射血分数elastin 弹性蛋白elastin 弹性蛋白embryonic lineage 胚细胞系emergence reaction 紧急反应endocytotic pathway 内吞途径endogenous pyrogen，EP 内生致热原endoplasmic reticulum stress 内质网应激endoplasmic reticulum stress，ER Stress 内质网应激endoplasmic reticulum，ER 内质网endosome 内质体endostain 内抑素endothelial cell，EC 内皮细胞endothelial nitric oxide synthase,eNOS 内皮一氧化氮合成酶endothelin，ET—1 内皮素—1内皮细胞—白细胞粘附分子-1 endothelium leukocyte adhesion molecule—1ELAM—1endotoxic shock 内毒素休克endotoxin translocation 内毒素移位endotoxin, ET 内毒素end—stage renal disease，ESRD 终末期肾病engorgement of neck vein 颈静脉怒张enhancer 增强子enkephalin ENK 脑腓肽enterogenous cyanosis 肠源性紫绀environment determinants 环境决定子epidermal growth factor receptor，EGFR 表皮生长因子受体epidermal growth factor，EGF 表皮生长因子epigenetic modification 表观修饰epigenetic variation : 表观遗传变异Epigenetics 表观遗传学epinephrine，E 肾上腺素EPO receptor,EPOR 促红细胞生成素受体equal pressure point 等压点ER stress response element 内质网应激反应元件ER—Golgi intermediate compartment，ERGIC 内质网—高尔基氏器中间体erythropoietin, EPO 促红细胞生成素erythropoietin,EPO 促红细胞生成素erythropoitin, EPO 促红细胞生成素esterified bilirubin酯型胆红素etiocholanolone 本胆烷醇酮euglobulin lysis time ELT 优球蛋白溶解时间eustress 良性应激euthanasia 安乐死evidence-based medicine EBM 循证医学excision repair 切除修复execution of apoptosis 凋亡执行execution of death 执行凋亡exhaustion stage 衰竭期exotoxins 外毒素experimental pathology 实验病理学experimental physiology 实验生理学expiratory dyspnea 呼气性呼吸困难extra—cellular domain 细胞外结构域extracellular fluid ECF 细胞外液extracellular heat shock protein 细胞外热休克蛋白extracellular matrix, ECM 细胞外基质extracellular signal?regulated kinase，ERK 细胞外信号调节激酶extrinsic inducer 外源性诱导因素exudate 渗出液FFADD-like interleukin-1β—convertingFADD样白介素—1β转换酶enzyme,FLICEfalse neurotransmitter 假性神经递质familial erythrocytosis 家族性红细胞增多症familial polyposis coli,FPC 家族性结肠息肉病farnesoid X receptor，FXR 法呢醇X受体Fas-associated death domain，FADD Fas相关联的死亡结构域Fas—associated death domain，FADD Fas相关死亡结构域fast excitatory post—synaptic potential 快兴奋性突触后电位fate determinant，FD 命运决定子fatty streak 脂纹febrile ceiling 热限feed-back 反馈fervescence period 体温上升期fetal antigen 胚胎性抗原fever 发热fibrin / fibrinogen degradation product FDP/FgDP 纤维蛋白原降解产物fibrin Fbn 纤维蛋白fibrin monomer FM 纤维蛋白单体fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products，FDPs 纤维蛋白原降解产物Fibrinogen Fbg 纤维蛋白原fibroblast growth factor，FGF 成纤维细胞生长因子fibroblast growth factor，FGF 成纤维细胞生长因子fibronectin 纤维连接蛋白fibronectin，FN 纤连蛋白fibronectin，FN 纤维连接蛋白fight or flight 格斗或逃避filtration fraction FF 肾小球滤过分数fixed acid 固定酸FLICE-inhibitory protein，FLIP FLICE抑制蛋白foam cell 泡沫细胞focal adhesion linase, FAK 粘着斑激酶focal brain disorder 局灶性脑功能障碍focal-adhesion kinase,FAK 粘附斑激酶folding 折叠fork stalling and template switching，FoSTeS 复制叉停滞和模板转换fragile site 脆性位点Fragile site 脆性位点fragile site 染色体脆性位点frameshift mutation 移码突变frank edema 显性水肿free fatty acid；free fatty acids，FFA 游离脂肪酸free radical 自由基frontal lobe 额叶fully differentiated 完全分化functional dead space volume，VDf 功能性死腔量functional hepatorenal syndrome 功能性肝肾综合征functional renal failure 功能性肾衰functional shunt 功能性分流fundamental mechanism 基本机制GG endonuclease G，EndoG 核酸内切酶gastrointestinal motility 胃肠动力Gelatin 明胶酶gene deserts 基因沙漠区gene expression 基因表达gene expression regulation 基因表达调控gene knock out 基因敲除gene knock—out 基因剔除gene mutation 基因突变gene rearrangement 基因重排gene regulatory network 基因调控网络gene target 基因打靶general adaptation syndrome 全身适应综合征general Shwartzman reaction GSR 全身性Shwartzman反应genetic 遗传学genetic heterogeneity 遗传异质性Genetic polymorphism 遗传多态性genome 基因组genomic imprinted gene 基因组印记基因genomic instability 基因组不稳定性Genomic instability syndrome 基因组不稳定综合征genomics 基因组学genotoxic stress 基因毒应激germline mutation 生殖细胞突变germ-line mutation 生殖细胞突变gliacyte 胶质细胞glia—derived neu—rotrophic factor GDNF 胶质源性神经营养因子global brain disorder 全脑功能障碍glomerular filtration rate, GFR 肾小球滤过率glomerular hyperfiltration hypothesis 肾小球过度滤过假说glucocorticoid receptor 糖皮质激素受体glucocorticoid receptor，GR GC与其受体glucocorticoid response element 糖皮质激素反应无件glucocorticoid,GC 糖皮质激素glucose intolerance 葡萄糖耐受不良glucose regulation protein 葡萄糖调节蛋白glucose transport4，GLUT4 葡萄糖转运子glucose transporter—4,GLUT-4 葡萄糖转运蛋白4Glutamate/Aspartate receptor 谷氨酸/天冬氨酸受体glutamic acid decarboxylase，GAD 谷氨酸脱羧酶glutaminase，GT 谷氨酰胺酶glutathione peroxidase 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶glutathione S-transferase 2 谷胱甘肽S－转移酶2 glutathione S—transferase,GST 谷胱甘肽转硫酶Glycine receptor 甘氨酸受体glycogen synthase kinase-3，GSK3 糖原合成激酶-3 glycosaminoglycan,GAG 氨基聚糖glycosyl phosphatidylinositol,GPI 糖基磷脂酰肌醇glyosaminoglycan，GAG 糖胺多糖G—protein G蛋白G—protein-coupled receptor，GPCR G蛋白偶联受体granulocyte colony?stimulating factor,G—CSF 粒细胞集落刺激因子粒巨细胞集落刺激因子Granulocyte—macrophage colony stimulating factor，GM—CSFgrowstimulating activity,GRO/MGSAh factor生长因子受体结合蛋白2 receptor-bound protein 2，GRB2growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene 45，生长抑制和DNA损伤诱导基因45Gadd45growth factor 生长因子growth hormone，GH 生长激素growth—related oncogene/melanoma growth stimulating activity,GRO/MGSA 生长相关癌基因/ 黑素瘤生长刺激活性g-superfamily，Ig—SF I免疫球蛋白超家族GTPase activating protein,GAP GTP酶活化蛋白guanine nucleotide exchange factor，GEF 鸟苷酸交换因子guanine nucleotide—binding protein,G-protein 鸟苷酸结合蛋白guanylate cyclase，GC 鸟苷酸环化酶gut barrier dysfunction 胃肠道屏障功能障碍HH+-Na+ exchanger，NHE H+-Na+交换蛋白haematological stress syndrome 血液应激综合征Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium Hardy—Weinberg平衡定律health 健康heart failure 心力衰竭heat shock cognate 热休克同族蛋白heat shock element 热休克元件heat shock factor 热休克因子heat shock protein，HSP 热休克蛋白heat shock response 热休克反应helix—loop—helix，HLH 螺旋—环-螺旋heme oxygenase，HO 血红素氧合酶heme oxygenase—1 血红素加氧酶—1hemic hypoxia 血液性缺氧hemolytic jaundice 溶血性黄疸hemorheology 血液流变学hemorrhagic diathesis 出血素质hemorrhagic shock 失血性休克hemorrhagic tendency 出血倾向heparin 肝素heparin cofactor II HC II 肝素辅因子IIheparin sulfate 硫酸肝素Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor，HB—EGF肝素结合样表皮生长因子hepatic dysfunction 肝功能障碍hepatic edema 肝性水肿hepatic encephalopathy 肝性脑病hepatic failure 肝功能衰竭hepatic fibrosis 肝纤维化hepatic stellate cells，HSC 肝星状细胞hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉返流征hepatorenal syndrome 肝肾综合征heperdynamic shock 高动力型休克hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer，HNPCC 遗传性非息肉性结肠癌herpes simplex virus 1，HSV—1 I型单纯疱疹病毒herpes simplex virus，HSV 单纯疱疹病毒heterocyclic aromatic amines 杂环芳香胺家族heterodimer 异源二聚体异源性细胞核核糖蛋白heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins，hnRNPA1hexamethylene bisacetamide，HMBA 六亚甲基二乙酰胺high altitude pulmonary edema, HAPE 高原肺水肿high density lipoprotein，HDL 高密度脂蛋白high mobility—group protein 高迁移率族蛋白high molecular weight kininogen HMW—K 高分子量激肽原high output heart failure 高输出量性心力衰竭high performance liquid chromatography 高效液相色谱high turnover bone disease 高代谢性骨病hinge region 铰链区histamine 组胺histidine—rich glycoprotein HRG 富组氨酸糖蛋白histogenous hypoxia 组织性缺氧histoglobin,HGb 组红蛋白Histone acetyltransferase，HA T 组蛋白乙酰基转移酶histone deacetylase protein，HDAC 组蛋白去乙酰化酶蛋白Histone deacetylase，HDAC 组蛋白去乙酰基酶histone modification 组蛋白修饰HIV 艾滋病病毒homeobox，Hox 同源框homeodomain protein 同源域蛋白homeostasis 稳态homodimer 同源二聚体homologous recombination repair 同源重组修复homologue 同系物hormone 激素hormone response element，HRE 激素反应元件hospice care 临终关怀hot—spot 热点house-keeping gene 管家基因Hox gene 同源框基因HTLV—2 人T细胞白血病病毒-2 hub protein 中枢蛋白human Disease Network，HDN 人类疾病网络Human Epigenome Project, HEP 人类表观基因组计划human genome project 人类基因组计划human genome project，HGP 人类基因组计划human leukocyte antigen，HLA 人白细胞分化抗原human papillomaviruses，HPV 人乳头瘤病毒Huntington disease HD 亨廷顿hyaluronic acid，HA 透明质酸hydrogen sulfide，H2S 硫化氢hyperalgesia 疼痛过敏hyperbilirubinemia 高胆红素血症hypercalcemia 高钙血症hypermagnesenmia 高镁血症hypernatremic hypervolemia 高钠血症性体液容量增多hyperphosphoremia 高磷血症hypersensitivity 超敏反应hyperthermia 过热hypervolemic hyponatremia 高容量性低钠血症hypoaldosteronism 低醛固酮症hypocalcemia 低钙血症hypodynamic shock 低动力型休克hypokinetic hypoxia 低血流性缺氧或低动力性缺氧hyponatremia 低钠血症hypophosphatemia 低磷血症hyposthenuria 低渗尿hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis 下丘脑—垂体-肾上腺皮质轴hypotonic dehydration 低渗性脱水hypotonic hypoxia 低张性缺氧hypovelemic shock 低血容量性休克hypovolemic hyponatremia 低容量性低钠血症hypoxia 缺氧hypoxia induceible factor-1, HIF-1 缺氧诱导因子-1hypoxia reaction element，HRE 缺氧反应元件hypoxia-inducible factor—1 低氧诱导因子-1hypoxic hypoxia 乏氧性缺氧hypoxic pulmonary hypertension，HPH 缺氧性肺动脉高压hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction,HPV 缺氧性肺血管收缩hypoxic ventilation reaction，HVR 低氧通气反应IIII类PI3K复合物I class III phosphatidylinositol-3—phosphatekinase complex IIkB kinase，IKK，IkB激酶IICAM—1 I型细胞间粘附分子ICAM-1 细胞间黏附分子—1 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ITP 特发性血小板减少性紫癜IIb/IIIa glycoprotein IIb/IIIa,GPIIb/IIIa 血小板糖蛋白IIcalcium calmodulin kinase II CaMK II 蛋白激酶IL—1 receptor associated kinase，IRAK IL-1受体相关激酶immature autophagic vacuole,A Vi 不成熟的自噬泡immunodeficiency disease 免疫缺陷病immunoglobulin heavy chains binding protein 免疫球蛋白重链结合蛋白immunoglobulin superfamily 免疫球蛋白超家族Implantable cardioverter defibrillator,ICD 置入性心律转复除颤器in vitro 离体in vivo 在体incomplete recovery 不完全康复indirect—acting carcinogen 间接作用致癌物indolinones 吲哚酮类induced mutation 诱发突变inducible expression 诱导表达inducible repair 可诱导性修复inductible nitric oxide synthase，iNOS 诱导性一氧化氮合酶induction 诱导infirmity 虚弱information scar 信息瘢痕inhibitor of kB，kB NF— IkB抑制性亚基inhibitor of apoptosis protein,IAP 凋亡蛋白抑制因子inhibitor of Caspase—activated deoxyribonuclease protein，ICAD Caspase 活化的脱氧核糖核酸酶蛋白抑制因子inhibitory hormone receptor,Ri 抑制性激素受体inhibitory regulative G—protein，Gi 抑制调节性G蛋白inhomogeneous conduction 不均匀传导initiation 激发inorganic compounds 无机化合物inositol triphosphate IP3 肌醇三磷酸insertion 插入insertions 嵌入inside-out signalling 从胞内向胞外传递信号inspiratory dyspnea 吸气性呼吸困难insulin receptor substrate，IRS 胰岛素受体底物insulin receptor tyrosine kinase，IRTK 胰岛素受体酪氨酸激酶insulin receptor,InsR 胰岛素受体Insulin Resistance，IR 胰岛素抵抗insulin—like growth factors，IGF—I 胰岛素样生长因子intact nephron hypothesis 健存肾单位假说integerin 整合素integratomics 整合组学integrin—linked kinase,ILK 整合素连接激酶inter-a-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 inter-a—胰酶抑制剂重链H4蛋白intercalated cells 闰细胞intercellular adhesion molecule，ICAM 细胞间黏附分子intercellular adhesion molecule—1，ICAM—1 细胞黏附分子1 interferon—g inducible protein—10，IP—10 干扰素诱导蛋白—10 interferon，IFN 干扰素interferon-stimulated gene 15，ISG15 干扰素刺激基因15 interferon-γ，IFN-γγ-干扰素intergenic SNPs,iSNPs 基因间SNPs interleukin 白细胞介素interleukin—1 receptor antagonist，IL—1ra IL—1受体拮抗剂interleukin—1，IL—1 白细胞介素-1 interleukin-1，IL-1 白介素1interleukin-1β converting enzyme,ICE白细胞介素1转换酶interleukin-2，IL—2 白细胞介素-2 interleukin-6, IL—6 白细胞介素-6 interleukin—8, IL-8 白细胞介素—8 intermediate density lipoprotein，IDL 中间密度脂蛋白intermediate membrane protein 中间媒介膜蛋白intermediate phenotype 中间表型internal ribosome entry sites 内部核糖体进入位点interphase 间期interstitial fluid 组织间液intra—cellular domain 胞内结构域intracellular fluid ICF 细胞内液intracellular receptor 胞内受体intrahepatic cholestasis 肝内胆汁淤积intrarenal 肾性intrarenal failure 肾性肾衰intrinsic inducer 内源性诱导因素invagination 内陷invasion 侵袭invasiveness 侵袭力ionizing radiation 电离辐射IP—like interacting CLARP kinase，RICK RIP样CLARP作用激酶irregular bud 不规则芽状突起ischemia—reperfusion injury，IRI 缺血—再灌注损伤ischemic hypoxia 缺氧称为缺血性缺氧ischemic postconditioning, IPostC 缺血后处理ischemic preconditioning 缺血预适应ischemic preconditioning, IPerC 缺血预处理islet cell antigen，ICA 胰岛细胞抗体isoform 异构体isolation membrane,IM 分离膜isoprenaline 异丙肾上腺素isosthenuria 等渗尿isotonic hypoxia 等张性缺氧isovolemic hyponatremia 等容量性低钠血症JJanus kinase,JAK Janus激酶Jaundice 黄疸juxtapulmonary capillary receptor 肺毛细血管旁J感受器Kkallikrein 激肽释放酶kallikrein KK 激肽释放酶keratan sulfate 硫酸角质素kernicterus 核黄疸keto—acidosis 酮症酸中毒kinin 激肽kiningen 激肽原kupffer cell 枯否细胞,即肝脏内巨噬细胞LL1-mediated retrotransposition L1介导的逆转录转座lactic acidosis 乳酸酸中毒lamin 核层素laminin,LN 层粘蛋白laminin,LN 层粘连蛋白lead compound 先导化合物learning and memory impairment 学习记忆障碍left heart failure 左心衰竭left ventricular end diastolic pressure，LVEDP 左心房压和左心室舒张末压left ventricular end diastolic volume，LVEDV 左心室舒张末期容积left ventricular end systolic volume，LVESV 左心室收缩末容积leptin 瘦素leptin resistance 瘦素抵抗Leu-Asp—Val，LDV 亮-天冬-缬氨酸leucine zipper 亮氨酸拉链结构域leucine-rich repeat，LRR 富含亮氨酸重复区leukemia inhibiting factor 白血病抑制因子leukocyte activating factor, LAF 白细胞活化因子leukocyte pyrogen, LP 白细胞致热原leukotriene 白三烯leukotriene，LT 白三烯Lewy body dementia LBD 路易体痴呆症Lewy body disease LDB Lewy小体病diffuseligand 配基ligand binding domain，LBD 配基结合结构域ligand—gated ion channel receptor 配基门控性离子通道受体LIM—domain LIM结构域lipid flipase 脂质翻转酶lipid peroxidation 脂质过氧化lipocortin-1 脂皮质蛋白—1 lipocytes,fat—storing cells 贮脂细胞lipomodulin 脂调蛋白lipopolysaccharide binding protein，LBP LPS结合蛋白lipopolysaccharide binding protein，LBP 脂多糖结合蛋白lipopolysaccharide，LPS 脂多糖lipoteichoic acid 脂磷壁酸lipoxygenase 脂加氧酶lipoxygenase 脂氧合酶lithocholic acids 石胆酸liver X receptor，LXR 肝脏X受体LMP1 EBV的潜伏性膜蛋白1 local edema 局部性水肿locus heterogeneity 位置异质性long interspersed nuclear elements 1，LINE-1, 简长散布重复序列1称L1long QT syndrome，LQTS 长QT综合征long—lived protein 长寿蛋白long—term potentiation LTP 长时程增强现象loop—outs 环状突起Loss of heterozygosity，LOH 杂合性缺失low density lipoprotein，LDL 低密度脂蛋白low output heart failure 低输出量性心力衰竭low turnover bone disease 低代谢性骨病low—copy repeats, LCRs 低拷贝重复L-selectins L选择素luxury gene 奢侈基因lymph edema 淋巴性水肿lysosome associated membrane protein 1,LAMP-1 溶酶体相关膜蛋白lysosome-associated membrane protein type-2A，溶酶体相关2A型膜蛋白LAMP—2AMM。
病理英语词汇表
病理英语词汇表绪论病理学病因发病机制病理变化普通病理学系统病理学尸体解剖活体组织检查细胞学检查pathologyetiology pathogenesis pathological change general pathology systemic pathology autopsybiopsycytology1第1章细胞组织的适应与损伤适应萎缩肥大增生化生可逆性损伤变性细胞水肿脂肪变玻璃样变淀粉样变黏液样变病理性色素沉着含铁血黄素脂褐素黑色素病理性钙化不可逆性损伤坏死核固缩核碎裂核溶解凝固性坏死液化性坏死纤维素样坏死坏疽凋亡凋亡小体adaptationatrophyhypertrophyhyperplasiametaplasiareversible injurydegenerationcellular swelling, hydropic degeneration fatty changehyline degenerationamyloidosismucoid degenerationpathological pigmentation hemosiderinlipofusinmelaminpathologic calcificationirreversible injurynecorsispyknosiskaryorrhexiskaryolysiscoagulative necrosisliquefactive necrosisfibrinoid necrosisgangrene (dry~ \ moist~ \ gas~ ) apoptosisapoptosis body2第2章损伤的修复修复再生不稳定细胞稳定细胞永久性细胞纤维性修复肉芽组织瘢痕创伤愈合一期愈合二期愈合repairregenerationlabile cellstable cellpermanent cellfiborosisgranulation tissuescarwound healingwound healing by first intention wound healing by second intention3第3章1第4章炎症炎症变质渗出增生漏出液吞噬和降解假膜性炎化脓性炎蜂窝织炎脓肿窦道瘘管菌血症毒血症败血症脓毒败血症肉芽肿性炎inflammationalterationexudationproliferationtransudatephagocytosis and degranulation pseudomembraneous inflammation suppurative (purulent) inflammation phlegmonous inflammation abscesssinusfisturabacteremiatoxemiasepticemiapyemiaganulomatous inflammation1第5章肿瘤肿瘤良性肿瘤恶性肿瘤实质间质分化程度异型性细胞异型性组织结构异型性癌肉瘤膨胀性生长外生性生长浸润性生长血管形成演进异质性直接蔓延转移血道转移淋巴道转移种植性转移恶病质tumor neoplasmbenign tumormalignant tumorparenchymamesenchymadegree of differentiationatypiacellular atypiaarchite ctural atypia carcinomasarcomaexpansile growthexophytic growthinvasive growthangiogenesisprogressionheterogeneitydirect spreadingmetastasishematogenouslymphatic metastasis seeding, transcoelomic metastasis cachexia2交界性肿瘤恶变癌前病变非典型增生原位癌乳头状瘤腺瘤鳞状细胞癌腺癌borderline tumor malignant change precancerous lesions atypical hyperplasia carcinoma in situ papillomaadenomasquamous cell carcinoma adenocarcinoma3第6章心血管系统疾病动脉硬化arteriosclerosis动脉粥样硬化atherosclerosis, AS脂纹fatty streak纤维斑块fibrous plaque泡沫细胞foam cells, FC粥样斑块atheromatous plaque冠心病coronary heart disease, CHD 心绞痛angina pectoris, AP稳定性心绞痛stable angina pectoris不稳定性心绞痛unstable angina pectoris变异性心绞痛variant angina pectoris心肌梗死myocardial infarct, MI心内膜下心肌梗死subendocardial myocardial infarction环状梗死circumferential infarction区域性心肌梗死regional myocardial infarction透壁性心肌梗死transmural myocardial infarction 高血压病hypertension原发性高血压primary hypertension继发性高血压secondary hypertension良性高血压benign hypertension恶性高血压malignant hypertension向心性肥大concentric hypertrophy4离心性肥大eccentric hypertrophy高血压性心脏病hypertensive heart disease原发性颗粒性固缩肾primary granular atrophy of the kidney脑软化cerebral softening脑出血cerebral hemorrhage风湿小体Aschoff baody风湿细胞Aschoff cell风湿性心脏病rheumatic heart disease风湿性心内膜炎rheumatic endocarditis风湿性心肌炎rheumatic myocarditis风湿性心外膜炎rheumatic pearicarditis风湿性全心炎rheumatic pancarditis风湿性动脉炎rheumatic arteritis风湿热rhematism fever疣状赘生物verrucos vegetatio疣状心内膜炎verrucos endocaeditis急性感染性心内膜炎acute infective endocaeditis 慢性心瓣膜病chronic valvuar of the heart 主动脉瓣关闭不全aortic insufficiency主动脉瓣狭窄aortic stenosis瓣膜口狭窄valvular stenosis瓣膜关闭不全valvular insufficiency5第7章呼吸系统疾病支气管哮喘bronchial asthma支气管扩张症bronchiectasis肺气肿pulmonary emphysema肺腺泡pulmonary acinus慢性支气管炎chronic bronchitis慢性肺源性心脏病chronic cor pulmonale慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, COPD肺炎pneumonia大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia肺肉质变pulmonary carnification 小叶性肺炎lobular pneumonia鼻咽癌nasopharyngeal carcinoma 肺癌carcinoma of the lung第8章消化系统疾病消化性溃疡peptic ulcer disease病毒性肝炎viral hepatitis肝细胞水肿cellular swelling of hepatocytes 点状坏死spotty necrosis嗜酸性变性acidophilic degeneration嗜酸性坏死acidophilic necrosis碎片状坏死piecemeal necrosis毛玻璃样细胞ground –glass hepatocyte枯否细胞kupffer cells桥接坏死bridging necrosis肝细胞再生h e p a t o c y t e r e g e n e r a t i o n肝肾综合征hepatorenal syndrome肝硬化liver cirrhosis门脉性肝硬化portal cirrhosis腹水ascites坏死后性肝硬化postnecrotic cirrhosis胆汁性肝硬化biliary cirrhosis食管癌carcinoma of esophagus胃癌carcinoma of stomach原发性肝癌primary carcinoma of liver第11章泌尿系统疾病肾脏kidney肾脏的renal肾单位nephron肾小球（单数）glomerulus肾小球（复数）glomeruli内皮细胞endothelial cell脏层上皮细胞visceral epithelial cell系膜mesangium系膜细胞mesangial cell肾小球肾炎glomerulonephtitis (GN)急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎acute diffuse proliferative GN毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎endocapillary proliferative GN快速进行性肾小球肾炎rapidly progressive GN(RPGN)新月体性肾小球肾炎crescentic GN新月体crescents慢性肾小球肾炎chronic GN慢性硬化性肾小球肾炎chronic sclerosing GN肾盂肾炎pyelonephritis急性肾盂肾炎a c u t e p y e l o n e p h r i t i s第12章生殖系统和乳腺疾病慢性子宫颈炎纳博特囊肿子宫颈上皮非典型增生子宫颈原位癌子宫颈上皮内瘤变子宫颈癌子宫颈腺癌子宫体癌葡萄胎侵蚀性葡萄胎绒毛膜癌乳腺癌导管内原位癌小叶原位癌佩吉特病浸润性导管癌浸润性小叶癌chronic cervicitisnabothian cystcervical epithelial dysplasia carcinoma in situcervical intraepithial cervical carcinomacervical adenocarcinoma endomertrial adenocarcinoma hydatidiform mole invasive mole chorilcarcimomacarcinoma of the breast intraductal carcinoma in situ lobular carcinoma in situ paget diseaseinvasive ductal carcinoma invasive lobular carcinoma第13章内分泌系统疾病弥漫性非毒性甲状腺肿单纯性甲状腺肿地方性甲状腺肿弥漫性增生性甲状腺肿弥漫性胶样甲状腺肿结节性甲状腺肿弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿甲状腺功能亢进症甲状腺腺瘤甲状腺癌乳头状癌滤泡癌髓样癌未分化癌diffuse nontoxic goiter simple goiterendemic goiterdiffuse hyperplastic goiter diffuse colloid goiter nodular goiterdiffuse toxic goiter hyperthyroidismthyroid adenomathyroid carcinoma papillary carcinoma follicular carcinoma medullary carcinoma undifferentiated carcinoma第14章神经系统疾病红色神经元中央性尼氏小体溶解沃勒变性脱髓鞘噬神经细胞现象卫星现象流行性脑脊髓膜炎克匿格征角弓反张流行性乙型脑炎red neuroncentral chromatolysis wallerian degeneration demyelination neuronophagia satellitosisepidemic cerebrospinal meningitiskernig sign episthiotonusepidemic encephalitis b第15章传染病结核病tuberculosis原发性肺结核primary pulmonary tuberculosis 原发综合征primary complex急性全身粟粒性结核病acute systemic miliary tuberculosis急性肺粟粒性结核病acute pulmonary miliary tuberculosis继发性肺结核secondary pulmonary tuberculosis 干酪样坏死caseous necrosis结核结节tubercle郎罕巨细胞Langhans giant cell类上皮细胞epithelioid cell结核球tuberculoma伤寒typhoid fever伤寒小结typhoid nodule伤寒肉芽肿typhoid granuloma细菌性痢疾bacillary dysentery淋病gonorrhea梅毒syphilis树胶样肿gumma第16章寄生虫病阿米巴病阿米巴痢疾阿米巴肿肠外阿米巴病溶组织内阿米巴嗜酸性脓肿血吸虫病amoebiasisamoebic dysentery amoeboma extraintestinal amoebiasis entamoeba histolytica eosinophilic abscess schistosomiasis。
病理生理学-专业词汇-中英文对照
A2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid, 2,3-DPG 2,3-二磷酸甘油酸5-羟色胺受体5-hydroxytryptamine receptor五羟色胺5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT环胞霉素A cyclosporin A膜联蛋白A1 annexin A1变态反应a11ergy腹胀abdominal distention腹痛abdominal pain乙酰胆碱acetylcholine AchAchacetylcholine receptor，AchR 受体酸性磷酸酶Acid phosphatase, ACP酸敏感离子通道acid sensitive ionic channels ASICs酸碱平衡acid-base balance酸碱平衡紊乱acid-base disturbance酸碱失衡acid-base imbalance肌动蛋白actin活化部分凝血活酶时间activated partial thromboplastin time APTT 激活功能，activation function 1AF-1 1激活功能，AF-22activation function 2实际碳酸氢盐actual bicarbonate, AB急性期蛋白acute phase protein急性期反应acute phase response急性早幼粒细胞白血病acute promyelocytic leukemia急性心因性反应acute psychogenic reaction急性肺水肿acute pulmonary edema急性肺损伤acute pulmonary injury, ALI急性肾功能衰竭acute renal failure，ARF急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS急性肾小管坏死，ATN acute tubular necrosis适配体蛋白adapter protein接头蛋白adaptor适配体蛋白adaptor protein腺苷酸环化酶adenylate cyclase AC黏附分子adhesion molecule脂肪因子adipokines脂联素adiponectin脂肪组织T adipose tissue,A适应障碍adjustment disorders肾上腺素adrenalin肾上腺素能受体adrenergic receptor促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH促肾上腺皮质激素释放adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH激素adriamycin阿霉素高级糖基化终产物advanced glycosylation end products, AGE 38 39黄曲霉毒素aflatoxin后除极after depolarization老化aging失认agonosia肺泡通气量aheolar ventilation警觉期alarm stage醛固酮aldosteronea-L岩藻糖苷酶a-L-fucosidase，AFU染色质联会alignment of the chromosomes烷化剂alkylating agents等位异质性allelic heterogeneity等位基因丢失allelic loss甲胎蛋白alpha-fetoprotein，AFP替代途径alternative pathway选择性剪接alternative splicing选择性剪接，alternative splicing AS肺泡气二氧化碳分压alveolar PCO2, PACO2肺泡气氧分压，PAO2 alveolar PO2阿尔茨海默病Alzheimer disease, AD黑素细胞刺激素a-Melanocyte stimulating hormone, a-MSH美国心脏病学会ACC American College of Cardiology，美国心脏协会，American Heart AssociationAHA氨中毒ammonia信号放大amplification of signal杏仁核amygdala淀粉样蛋白前体，amyloid precursor proteinARP后期anaphase过敏性休克 anaphylactic shock过敏性紫癜 anaphylactoid purpura嗜吞噬无形体Anaplasma phagocytophilum全身性水肿 anasarca解剖分流anatomic shunt基因扩增 angiogenin血管紧张素ⅠⅠ，Ⅰ angiotensin Ang血管紧张素ⅡⅡ，Ⅱ angiotensin Ang血管紧张素转化酶angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂angiotension converting enzyme inhibitorACEI ，阴离子间隙 anion gap, AGankyrin 锚蛋白2 膜联蛋白annexin 2-1 annexin-1 膜联蛋白食欲不振anorexiaanterior cingule cortex ACC 大脑前扣带皮质抗利尿激素， ADH antidiuretic hormone血管生长素antimetabolite抗代谢药物antiostain反义antisense抗凝血酶antithrombin III AT III III无尿 anuia失语aphasia再生障碍性贫血aplastic anemia血管抑制素apolipoprotein A1凋亡 apoptosis细胞凋亡 apoptosis凋亡诱导因子， apoptosis inducing factorAIF凋亡复合体 apoptosome凋亡小体 apoptotic bodies凋亡效应因子apoptotic effector凋亡性损伤 apoptotic lesion凋亡蛋白酶激活因子，apoptotic protease activating factorApaf失用apraxia水通道 aquaporin,AQP花生四烯酸 arachidonic acid AA载脂蛋白A1aralkylating agents上行网状激动系统ARAS弓状核arcuate nucleus, ARC芳烷化剂GRDArg-Gly-Asp，精氨酸加压素VP arginine vasopressin, A精氨酸，arginine R芳香族氨基酸 aromatic amino acids,AAA心律失常 arrhythmia精-甘-天冬氨酸arylhydroxylamines芳基异羟肟胺类asbestos脑干上行网状激动系统ascending reticular activating system ARAS上行网状抑制系统ascending reticular inhibitory system ARIS疼痛说示不能综合征asymbolia for pain细胞的不对称分裂asymmetric cell division石棉ata共济失调毛细血管扩张症，ataxia and rad3 relatedATRRad3相关蛋白共济失调性毛细血管扩张Ataxia telangiectasia，AT症毛细血管扩张性共济失调，ataxia-telangiectasiaAT症突变基因毛细血管扩张性共济失调，ataxia-telangiectasia-mutatedTMA 突变蛋白，动脉粥样硬化 AS atherosclerosis发病学athogenesis细胞白血病淋巴瘤ATLL TATP结合口袋ATP binding pocket受体 ATP receptorATP心房利尿钠肽 atrial natriuretic peptide ANP 自分泌运动因子，AMF autocrine motility factor自身免疫性疾病autoimmune disease自动体外除颤器AED automatic external defibrillator，自主性激动automatic impulse自噬性细胞死亡 autophagic cell death自噬素 autophagin自噬溶酶体 autophagolysosome自噬体，autophagosome AP细胞自噬 autophagy自噬 autophagy自噬性程序性细胞死亡 autophagy细胞自噬相关蛋白，autophagy-related proteinsAtg自主磷酸化 autophosphorylation氮质血症azotemiaα--lactalbumin 乳白蛋白αB细胞周期蛋白B1 cyclin B1细菌移位bacterial translocation苯并芘BaP碱剩余base excess, BE碱基切除修复base excision repair ，BER细菌内毒素baterial endotoxinBax，Bax-interacting factor 1BIF-1 作用因子1BBcl-2 B-cell lymphoma 2，细胞淋巴瘤2Bcl-2Bcl-2 homology同源结构域，BH血红素加氧酶beme oxygenase良性肿瘤 benign tumor苯二氮卓benzediazepine,BZ淀粉样蛋白， AβBeta-amyloid- β二等位基因biallelic双等位标记bi-allelie marker大丝裂原活化蛋白激酶big MAP kinase，BMK1胆素原的肠肝循环bilinogen enterohepatic circulation胆红素 bilirubin胆红素性脑病bilirubin encephalopathy胆绿素还原酶biliverdin reductasebiofeedback therapy 生物反馈治疗生物信息学bioinformatics水泡化 blebbing血浆尿素氮BUNblood urea nitrogen，骨髓造血干细胞 bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells缓激肽bradykinin BK脑源神经营养因子brain derived neurotrophic factor，BDNF脑干 brain stem脑源性神经营养因子brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF支链氨基酸branched-chain amino acids,BCAA断裂-融合-桥breakage-fusion-brige, BFB乳腺癌易感基因羧基末端结构域，breast cancer susceptibility gene C terminusBRCT棕色脂肪组织brown adipoBrugadaBrugada Syndrome 综合征缓冲碱 buffer base, BB类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia pseudomallei烧伤性休克burn shoch丁内酯butyrolactone旁观者细胞bystander cellβ2-，β2-Microglobulinβ2M微球蛋白β-淀粉样前体蛋白-amyloid precursor protein ββ-淀粉样蛋白β-amyloid proteinβ-内啡肽-endorphin ββ-内酰胺类-lactamsβC细胞色素， Cyto-C C cytochrome C C1酯酶抑制物C1-esterase inhibitor2+离子载体Ca2+ ionophore Ca钙离子依赖的细胞黏附素cadherin钙粘蛋白cadherins降钙素， calcitonin CT降钙素基因相关蛋白calcitonin gene related protein CGRP钙稳态失衡calcium dyshomeostasis2+泄漏calcium leak Ca钙超载 calcium overload钙反常 calcium paradox2+瞬变 calcium transient Ca钙调蛋白CaM，calmodulin钙调蛋白依赖性激酶CaMK II ，calmodulin-dependent kinase IIII钙调蛋白依赖性激酶CaMK calmodulin-dependent kinase，癌症cancer肿瘤干细胞， cancer stem cellsCSC加帽蛋白 capping protein二氧化碳麻醉 carbon dioxide narcosis一氧化碳 carbon monoxide, CO碳酸酐酶 carbonic anhydrase, CA碳氧血红蛋白 carboxyhemoglobin, HbCO癌胚抗原， carcinoembryonic antigenCEA致癌物 carcinogen心源性哮喘 cardiac asthma心性水肿 cardiac edema心脏指数， cardiac indexCI心功能不全 cardiac insufficiency心输出量， COcardiac output心脏再同步治疗， CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy心源性休克 cardiogenic shock肉碱脂酰转移酶，-1 carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1CPT-1半胱天冬酶 caspase半胱天冬酶样凋亡调节蛋白CLARP caspase-like apoptosis regulatory protein，CARD 凋亡蛋白酶募集结构域Caspase-recruitment domain，分解代谢过程 catabolic process儿茶酚胺 catecholamine儿茶酚胺 catecholamine,CA非典型性蛋白激酶， Catypical protein kinase CaPKC抑制因子， CKICDKCDK inhibitor活化激酶， CAK CDKCDK-activating kinase癌胚抗原CEA细胞粘附分子， cell adhesion moleculeCAM细胞周期 cell cycle细胞损伤 Cell Damage细胞分化 cell differentiation细胞分裂 cell division细胞分裂周期，2 cell division cycle 2CDC2细胞病理学 cell pathology细胞增殖 cell proliferation细胞信号传递 cell signaling细胞应激 cell stress细胞水合 cellular hydration细胞癌基因 cellular oncogene中枢神经系统 central nervous system CNS中枢性疼痛central pain中心静脉压， central venous pressureCVP中心体 centrosome大脑皮层 cerebral cortex伴侣因子chaperokine分子伴侣介导的自噬CMA，chaperon mediated autophagycheckpoint 检测点趋化因子chemokine趋化因子受体 chemokine receptors化学预防 chemoprevention胆囊收缩素cholecystokinin CCK胆碱乙酰基转移酶 choline acetyl transferase ChAT硫酸软骨素 chondroitin sulfate染色质小体 chromatin body染色体畸变chromosomal aberration染色体不稳定CIN chromosomal instability，染色体不稳定性chromosome instability慢性支气管炎chronic bronchitis慢性炎症综合征 chronic inflammationsyndrome慢性阻塞性肺疾病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD慢性肾功能衰竭，CRFchronic renal failure睫状神经营养因子ciliary neurotrophic factor CNTF睫状神经营养因子 ciliary neurotrophic factor, CNTF循环性缺氧circulatory hypoxia肝硬化 cirrhosis of liver顺式作用元件cis-acting element顺式作用元件cis-acting element顺式调节模块cis-regulatory modulec-Jun N端蛋白激酶，c-Jun N terminal kinaseJNKI类PI3K蛋白class I PI3K protein血凝块clot集簇cluster共激活因子 coactivator凝血coagulation基因编码区SNPs ，Coding-region SNPscSNPs认知评价cognitive appraisal认知障碍cognitive handicap ，cognitive disorder寒冷诱导的RNA结合蛋白cold inducible RNA-binding proteincold sensitive neuron 冷敏神经元冷休克 cold shock冷休克蛋白cold shock protein冷休克反应cold shock response冷应激cold stress胶原 collagen胶原酶collagenases昏迷 coma代偿性抗炎反应综合征 anti-inflammatory compensatory responsesyndrome, CARS休克代偿期 compensatory stage of shock补体complement,C完全康复 complete recovery复合性多位点变异complex multisite variants向心性肥大 concentric hypertrophy意识模糊 confusion淤血性缺氧congestive hypoxia结合胆红conjugated bilirubin意识障碍 conscious disturbance意识 consciousness便秘 constipation基础表达constitutive expression意识内容content of consciousness浓缩性碱中毒contraction alkalosis拷贝数目变异copy number variant, CNV 。
病理学英语词汇(纯文本版,秒杀一切)
病理学英语词汇第一章细胞与组织的损伤1. Pathology 病理学2. Autopsy 尸体解剖3. Biopsy活组织检查4. Hypertrophy肥大5. Hyperplasia增生6. Atrophy萎缩7. Metaplasia化生8. Degeneration变性9. Calcification钙化10. Necrosis坏死11. Gangrene坏疽12. Apoptosis凋亡13. Organization机化第二章损伤的修复14. Regeneration再生15. Wound healing创伤愈合第三章局部血液循环及体液循环障碍16. Hyperemia充血17. Congestion淤血18. Ischemia缺血19. Thrombosis血栓形成20. Embolus栓子21. Embolism栓塞22. Infarct梗死第四章免疫病理第五章炎症23. Inflammation炎症24. Alteration变质25. Exudation渗出26. Proliferation增生27. Chronic granulomatous inflammation慢性肉芽肿性炎症28. Fibrinous inflammation纤维素性炎症29. Suppurative/purulent inflammation化脓性炎30. Abscess脓肿第六章肿瘤31. Tumor/neoplasm 肿瘤32. Atypia异型性33. Metastasis转移34. Carcinoma癌35. Sarcoma肉瘤36. Adenocarcinoma 腺癌37. Lipoma脂肪瘤38. Fibrosarcoma纤维肉瘤第七章心血管疾病39. Atherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化40. Benign hypertension良性高血压41. Rheumatism风湿病42. Subacute infective endocarditis亚急性感染性心内膜炎43. Myocardial infarction心肌梗死第八章呼吸系统疾病44. Chronic bronchitis慢性支气管炎45. Emphysema肺气肿46. Lobar pneumonia大叶性肺炎47. Silicosis硅肺第九章消化系统疾病48. Gastritis胃炎49. Viral hepatitis病毒性肝炎50. Liver cirrhosis肝硬化第十章造血系统疾病第十一章泌尿系统疾病51. Glomerulonephritis肾小球肾炎52. Crescent新月体53. Pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎54. Hydronephrosis肾盂积水第十二章生殖系统疾病55. Hydatidiform mole葡萄胎56. Choriocarcinoma 绒毛膜癌第十三章内分泌系统疾病第十四章神经系统疾病57. Meningitis脑膜炎58. Epidemic encephalitis B流行性乙型脑炎第十五章骨及关节疾病59. Fracture healing骨折愈合第十六章传染病60. Tuberculosis结核病61. Typhoid fever伤寒62. Bacillary dysentery细菌性痢疾63. Syphilid梅毒疹第十七章寄生虫病64. Amoebiasis阿米巴病65. Schistosomiasis 血吸虫病小小整理一下，打钩的不多就65个。
病理生理学英文专业词汇
stress response应激反应：机体对各种刺激产生的全身性非特异性反应。
General adaptation syndrome, GAS全身适应综合征：应激原持续作用于机体，产生一个动态的连续过程并最终导致内环境紊乱和疾病。
热休克蛋白Heat shock protein, HSP应激蛋白：应激反应时细胞新合成或合成增加的一类高度保守的蛋白质，在细胞内发挥作用，属非分泌型蛋白。
Acute phase protein, AP急性期反应蛋白：应激时由于感染、炎症或组织损伤等原因使血浆中某些蛋白质浓度迅速升高，这些蛋白质被称为急性期反应蛋白，属于分泌型蛋白。
Stress ulcer应激性溃疡：病人在遭受各类重伤、重病和其他应激情况下，出现胃、十二指肠粘膜的急性病变，主要表现为胃、十二指肠粘膜的糜烂、浅溃疡、渗血等，少数溃疡可较深或穿孔。
isotonic dehydration等渗性脱水：体液丢失，水和Na+成比例地丢失，血钠130-150mmol/L，血浆渗透压280-310mm/Hg。
dehydration脱水edema水肿：过多的体液（等渗液）聚积在组织间隙或体腔的病理现象。
pitting edema凹陷性水肿。
recessive edema隐性水肿：acid-base balance酸碱平衡：机体处理酸碱物质的含量和比例，以维持PH值在恒定范围过程成为酸碱平衡。
acid-base disturbances酸碱平衡紊乱：在某些病理情况下，可引起机体酸碱超负荷或调节机制障碍，导致体液酸碱稳态破坏，为酸碱平衡紊乱，简称酸碱失衡。
anion gap,AG阴离子间隙：血浆中未测定的阴离子（UA）与未测定的阳离子（UC）的差值，即AG=UA-UCrenal insufficiency肾功能不全：各种病因引起肾泌尿功能障碍，肾不能充分排泄废物、毒物，使内环境稳定失调，并出现肾分泌功能障碍的综合征。
uremia尿毒症：由急、慢性肾功能不全发展到晚期出现一系列的中毒症状。
医学专业英语的重点单词终结版
43.vein （静脉）
73.adrenaline(肾上腺素)
44.lymphatic system（淋巴系统）
74.insulin（胰岛素）
45.lymph vessel (淋巴管)
75.glucagon(胰高血糖素)
46.lymph nodes(淋巴结)
76.collar bone（锁骨）
47.spleen（脾）
52.windpipe、trachea(气管)
82.ovary（卵巢）
53.esophagus(食管)
83.testosterone (睾酮)
54.exhale（呼出）
84.progesterone（孕酮）
55.molecule（分子）
85.estrogen（雌激素）
56.saliva(唾液)
86.tactile（触觉的）
45.immunoglobulin(免疫球蛋白)
29.hereditary（遗传）
46.opsonization（调理作用）
30.mental retardation(智力发育迟缓的) plement（补体）
31.venereal disease（花柳病）
48.negative feedback control（负反
36.boils（疥）
20.airborne droplets（空气传播的）
37.pimples（小脓包)
21.apnea（呼吸暂停）
38.pus（脓）
22.atonia（张力缺乏）
39.abscess（脓肿）
23.degeneration（退化）
40.armpit（腋窝）
24.Stomatitis（口腔炎）
1.gastrointestinal tract (胃肠道) 2.ingestion(摄入) 3.absorption（吸收）
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病理生理学pathophysiology
水纳代谢
低渗性脱水Hypotonic dehydration
高渗性脱水Hypertonic dehydration
等渗性脱水（Isotonic dehydration
水中毒Water intoxication
水肿（Edema
隐性水肿recessive edema
钾代谢障碍
低钾血症Hypokalemia
高钾血症Hyperkalemia
超极化阻滞Hyperpolarized blocking
去极化阻滞Depolarized blocking
酸碱紊乱
挥发酸volatile acid
固定酸fixed acid
代谢性metabolic
呼吸性respiratory
酸中毒acidosis
碱中毒alkalosis
乳酸性酸中毒（lactic acidosis
酮症酸中毒（keto-acidosis
缺氧
缺氧hypoxia
低张性缺氧（hypotonic hypoxia
血液性缺氧（hemic hypoxia
循环性缺氧（circulatory hypoxia
组织性缺氧（histogenous hypoxia
发绀（cyanosis
贫血性缺氧（anemic hypoxia
高铁血红蛋白血症（methemoglobinemia
发热
发热Fever
过热（Hyperthermia
发热激活物（Pyrogenic activator
内生致热原（Endogenous Pyrogen EP
休克
休克Shock
多器官功能障碍综合征multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS 弥散性血管内凝血
全身性Shwartzman反应（general Shwartzman reaction,GSR
心功能不全Cardiac Dysfunction
心律失常Arrhythmia
心室重塑Ventricle remodeling
向心性肥大concentric hypertrophy
离心性肥大eccentric hypertrophy
体循环淤血Systemic congestion
肺循环淤血Congestion of pulmonary circulation
劳力性呼吸困难Dyspnea on exertion
端坐呼吸Orthopnea
肺功能不全
呼吸功能不全(respiratory insufficiency
等压点（isobaric point, IP
功能性分流(functional shunt
静脉血掺杂venous admixture
解剖分流anatomic shunt
真性分流true shunt
急性呼吸窘迫综合征Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS
慢性阻塞性肺部疾病Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD 肺性脑病pulmonary encephalopathy
肝功能不全Hepatic dysfunction
肝性脑病（Hepatic Encephalopathy, HE
内源性肝性脑病（Endogenous HE
外源性肝性脑病（Exogenous HE
肾功能不全Renal Insufficiency
急性肾功能衰竭（Acute Renal Failure，ARF
氮质血症（Azotemia
健存肾单位假说（Intact nephron hypothesis
矫枉失衡假说（Trade-off hypothesis
少尿Oliguria
夜尿nocturia
多尿（polyuria
内生肌酐清除率（clearance of creatinine。