病理生理学英文名词解释精选

1.Disease

Disease is referred as an aberrant manifestation of homeostatic disturbances caused by harmful agents.

2.Causative factor / pathogenic cause

Causative factor or pathogenic cause is referred as the factor that can cause a disease and determine its specificity.

3.Hypoxia

Hypoxia can be defined as a deficiency in either oxygen delivery or its utilization at the tissue level or the deficiency of both, which can lead to changes in function, metabolism and even structure of the body.

4.Cyanosis

Cyanosis refers to the violaceous color of skin and mucous membranes which occurs as the deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the blood in capillaries becomes greater than 5g/dl.

5.Hemic hypoxia

Hemic hypoxia refers to hypoxia resulting from a low carrying capacity of oxygen in the blood caused by an altered affinity of Hb for oxygen or a decrease in the amount of Hb in the blood.

6.Enterogenous cyanosis

When pickled vegetables containing nitrate are consumed in large amounts, the reabsorbed nitrate reacts with HbFe2+ to form HbFe3+OH. The color of skin becomes coffee color. This phenomenon is called enterogenous cyanosis.

7.Ischemic hypoxia

The deficiency of blood perfusion to tissues caused by decreased arterial pressure or obstruction of arteries is called ischemic hypoxia.

8.Fever

Fever is a complicated pathological process characterized by a regulated elevation of core body temperature, in which the hypothalamic set point is temporarily reset at an elevated temperature in response to pyretic substances.

9.Pyrogenic activators

Fever can be caused by a number of microorganisms and non-microbial pyretic substances, which are collectively called pyrogenic activators.

10.Endogenous pyrogens

Endogenous pyrogens are described as cytokines inducing fever, which are produced and released by EP cells, such as interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, etc.

11.Stress

It is defined as a systemic nonspecific response of the body to environmental demands or pressures made upon it.

12.Stressor

The stimulus that provokes a stress response is referred to as stressor.

13.Shock

Shock is a pathological process caused by various drastic etiological factors, which is characterized by microcirculation failure resulting from decreased effective circulatory blood volume and inadequate tissue perfusion with the results of cellular metabolism impediment and dysfunction of multiple vital organ.

14.Auto blood transfusion

At the early stage of shock, vessel constriction because of release of a large amount of vasoconstrictors may mobilize the stored blood to participate in the circulation, which is considered as compensation of venous return. 15.Auto fluid transfusion