基于MCS-51单片机的热量计

摘要

热量计在我们生活中最实际的应用应该是民用住宅的暖气计量了而我国现有的按使用面积收费的方式存在着许多不合理的因素。为解决这一问题，本论文介绍了一种新型的热量计，该热量计是基于51系列单片机，主要由流量传感器、温度传感器、单片机三部分组成。本文详细阐述了热量计的硬件和软件设计，并简要介绍了相应的抗干扰措施。

热量计可以精确的对实际热量的耗损进行测量，是实施城市供热体制改革，推行按热量计费的关键设备，对热量计消耗智能计算，以用户实际耗用热量为计量收费依据。如果将热量计作为供暖公司向每一位住户收费的依据和手段，是容易被百姓们所接受和推崇的，而且由于热量与费用直接相关，也加强了住户的节能意识。用热量计进行计量更为科学、合理，既方便用户，又便于管理。

关键词：热量计；单片机；温度传感器；流量传感器

Abstract

Calorimeter in our lives should be the most practical application of measurement of residential heating and use of the area by our existing way of charging, there are many irrational factors. To solve this problem, this paper introduces a new type of calorimeter, the calorimeter is based on the 51 series, mainly by the flow sensor, temperature sensor, microcontroller three parts. This paper describes the calorimeter hardware and software design, and briefly describes the corresponding anti-jamming measures.

Calorimeter can accurately on actual measurement of heat loss is to implement the urban heating system, the implementation of key equipment by heat billing for consumption calorimeter intelligent computing to user's actual calorie consumption metering and charging basis. If the calorimeter as heating companies charge to every household basis and means, people who are likely to be accepted and respected, and because of the heat and the costs are directly related, but also strengthened the household energy awareness. Measured with a calorimeter more scientific and reasonable, not only user-friendly, and easy to manage.

Keywords: Calorimeter; SingleChip Microcomputer; Temperature sensor; Flow sensors

目录

1 绪论 (1)

1.1 选题背景 (1)

1.2 热量计概述 (2)

1.3 国内外发展概况 (4)

1.4 开发热量计的现实意义和应用前景 (6)

1.5 本文研究内容和目标 (6)

2 热量计的硬件电路设计 (8)

2.1 供热热量计量系统示意框图 (8)

2.2 热量计计热原理 (8)

2.3 热量计的硬件原理框图 (10)

2.4 信号处理部分 (10)

2.4.1 51系列单片机系统 (10)

2.4.2 单片机STC89C52RC (12)

2.5 温度测量 (13)

2.5.1 温度传感器分类 (13)

2.5.2 温度传感器的选择 (15)

2.5.3 温度传感器DS18B20 (15)

2.6 流量测量 (20)

2.6.1 流量传感器分类 (20)

2.6.2 涡轮流量传感器 (25)

2.7 显示电路 (26)

3 热量计的软件设计 (28)

3.1 主程序流程图 (28)

3.2 温度采集子程序流程图 (28)

3.3 热量计算子程序流程图 (29)

3.4 数码管显示子程序流程图 (30)

3.5 单片机C语言开发软件Keil C51 (31)

3.5.1 Keil C51操作界面介绍 (31)

3.5.2 编译运行C程序 (34)

3.6 单片机下载程序烧录软件STC-ISP (34)

4 系统误差分析及抗干扰措施 (37)

4.1 误差分析 (37)

4.1.1 测量误差的来源 (37)

4.1.2 计数误差的影响 (37)

4.2 抗干扰措施 (37)

4.2.1 硬件抗干扰措施 (38)

4.2.2 软件抗干扰措施 (38)

结论 (40)

致谢 (41)

参考文献 (42)

附录A 英文原文 (43)

附录B 中文翻译 (52)

附录C 源程序 (59)

附录D 系统硬件原理图 (69)