常用法律英语注解

合集下载

常用法律英语词汇及解析

常用法律英语词汇及解析常用法律英语词汇及解析英语的重要性对于律师来说是不言而喻的，下面yjbys店铺整理了一些常用的法律英语词汇，希望能给大家提供一些帮助。

Ab initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。

Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant;而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent(答辩人)。

Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。

Acquittal是名词。

Adjourn休庭，押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟，称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。

如要将聆讯押后再排期重审，称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”。

Affidavit誓章以宗教仪式发誓后签署的书面证供称为Affidavit，而以真诚发誓所签署的证供称为Affirmation，两者的格式用词有些分别，但主要作用相同。

Allegation声称诉讼陈词中未经证实的声言，例如：The Plaintiff alleged that his loss was due to the Defendant’s breach of contract，原告声称他的损失是被告违约所引致。

Allegation是名词。

Assault殴打，侵犯以武力侵犯他人的行为，称为Assault，一般性质的殴打，称为“Common Assault”;严重者称为Aggravated Assault;未经许可触摸他人身体，可以被控非礼，称为Indecent Assault。

As is现状“As is”常用于物业买卖的合约中，指物业的现状。

“The property is and will be sold on an “as is” basis …”即物业将会以其现状出售。

法律英语词汇

常用法律英语词汇注解Ab initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。

Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。

Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。

Acquittal是名词。

Adjourn休庭，押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟，称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。

如要将聆讯押后再排期重审，称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”。

Affidavit誓章以宗教仪式发誓后签署的书面证供称为Affidavit，而以真诚发誓所签署的证供称为Affirmation，两者的格式用词有些分别，但主要作用相同。

Allegation是名词。

Assault殴打，侵犯以武力侵犯他人的行为，称为Assault，一般性质的殴打，称为“Common Assault”；严重者称为Aggravated Assault；未经许可触摸他人身体，可以被控非礼，称为Indecent Assault。

Bail保释刑事案中的疑犯或被告，可以暂时被释放。

保释可以是有条件的，也可以是无条件的。

保释的条件包括缴交指定金额的保释金、提供人事担保及定时向警署报到等。

Balance of Probabilities可能性较高者这是民事案件中举证的标准，法庭对原告和被告所提出的证据，认为那一方的可信性较高，便会判处该方胜诉。

法律类术语

常用法律英语词汇注解Ab initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。

Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。

Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。

Acquittal是名词。

Adjourn休庭，押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟，称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。

如要将聆讯押后再排期重审，称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”。

Affidavit誓章以宗教仪式发誓后签署的书面证供称为Affidavit，而以真诚发誓所签署的证供称为Affirmation，两者的格式用词有些分别，但主要作用相同。

Allegation是名词。

As is现状“As is”常用于物业买卖的合约中，指物业的现状。

“The pr operty is and will be sold on an “as is” basis …”即物业将会以其现状出售。

Bail保释刑事案中的疑犯或被告，可以暂时被释放。

常用法律英语词汇注解

专心翻译做到极致常用法律英语词汇注解Pardon赦免指犯人透过赦免而被撤销判罪或判刑，而当犯人被赦免后，他不可以再次因同一案件再被定罪。

Partial intestacy 部份无遗嘱继承指死者在遗嘱内，并未完全包括死者所有的遗产。

例如死者在遗嘱内只提及物业、现金(包括银行存款)的处理，实质死者还有股票及其它珠宝手饰并未在遗嘱提及，因此，这些未提及的遗产便需要根据无遗嘱继承法处理。

Personal service 专人送达由送达人员亲身将法庭或律师楼文件交到收文件人手上。

在某些情况下，法庭或法例上可能会要求特别的送达方式，专人送达是其中一种，另外可能是用挂号邮件方式或由登广告的方法。

Personam对人与rem 对物相对。

是拉丁语，指对人或与人有关的。

Petition请求在法律上，一个Petition 可以是离婚的请求，亦可以是破产的请求，是以一个请求状的形式带出的。

Physical possession实体占有 Physical possession 有别于其它的possession ，因为若对象是在一个人的实体占有，即表示那人手上真正占有该对象。

不过，实体占有并不等于对象的拥有权。

例如买家向卖家订货，卖家已将对象特别与其它货物分割开，而买家已将所有金额支付，那么卖家虽然仍实体占有该对象，但他并非对象的拥有者。

Plaintiff原告通常在诉讼过程中，向被告人发出告票的一方为原告，原告可以是个人或是法团，亦可以是政府。

Possessory title土地占有权这个土地占有权，并没有任何契据所支持，主要因为占用人已将物业占有了一段长时间，而并没有人提出反对的话，占有人便可因此而将土地注册，成为土地的注册拥有人。

专心翻译做到极致Power of Attorney委托书以契约形成，将个人的某些权力，委派于他人身上。

最常见的是用于物业管理上，例如业主已移民外国，业主在港的物业，他委派一个可信的人替他管理，亦可以透过委托书要求受委托人替他将物业出租或出售。

常用法律英语词汇注解(英汉对照)(1)考研英语

Ab initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。

Accused被告 Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。

Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。

Acquittal是名词。

Adjourn休庭，押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟，称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。

如要将聆讯押后再排期重审，称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”。

Affidavit誓章以宗教仪式发誓后签署的书面证供称为Affidavit，而以真诚发誓所签署的证供称为Affirmation，两者的格式用视行┓直穑饕饔孟嗤 ?Allegation声称诉讼陈词中未经证实的声言，例如：The Plaintiff alleged that his loss was due to the Defendants breach of contract，原告声称他的损失是被告违约所引致。

Allegation是名词。

As is现状“As is”常用于物业买卖的合约中，指物业的现状。

“The property is and will be sold on an “as is” basis …”即物业将会以其现状出售。

Bail保释刑事案中的疑犯或被告，可以暂时被释放。

保释可以是有条件的，也可以是无条件的。

常用法律英语词汇分析解析

律师部分:案件受理费court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂important and complicated case案由cause of action案子case包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人appellee被诉人respondent; defendant本案律师counsel prohac vice本地律师local counsel毕业证diploma; graduation certificate辩护词defense; pleadings辩护律师defense lawyer辩护要点point of defense辩护意见submission财产租赁property tenancy裁定书order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）裁决书award（用于仲裁）裁决书verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests 查阅法条source legal provisions产权转让conveyancing出差go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion出示的证据exhibit出庭appear in court传票summons; subpoena答辩状answer; reply代理词representation代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁agency for arbitration代写文书drafting of legal instruments待决案件pending case当事人陈述statement of the parties第三人third party吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license调查笔录investigative record调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence调解mediation调解书mediation二审案件case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件send e-mail法律顾问legal consultants法律意见书legal opinions法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal counseling法庭division; tribunal法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会law society法学课程legal courses法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)法学院law school法院公告court announcement反诉状counterclaim房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer 非合伙律师associate lawyer非诉讼业务non-litigation practice高级合伙人senior partner高级律师senior lawyer各类协议和合同agreements and contracts公安局Public Security Bureau公司上市company listing公诉案件public-prosecuting case公证书notarial certificate国办律师事务所state-run law office国际贸易international trade国际诉讼international litigation国内诉讼domestic litigation合伙律师partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice 合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision会见当事人interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect兼职律师part-time lawyer监狱prison; jail鉴定结论expert conclusion缴纳会费membership dues举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision勘验笔录record of request看守所detention house抗诉书protest控告人accuser; complainant跨国诉讼transnational litigation劳动争议labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场reform-through-labor farm; prison farm利害关系人interested party; party in interest律管处处长director of lawyer control department律师lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒lawyer discipline律师法Lawyer Law律师费lawyer fee律师函lawyer’s letter律师见证lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗lawyer’s docile; file律师刊物lawyer’s journal律师联系电话contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所law office; law firm律师收费billing by lawyer律师网站lawyer website律师协会National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室lawyer’s office律师执业证lawyer license律师助理assistant lawyer律师资格考试bar exam; lawyer qualification exam律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate民事案件civil case民事调解civil mediation民事诉讼civil litigation派出所local police station; police substation判决judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证circumstantial evidence企业章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 企业重组corporate restructure起诉状information; indictment取消律师资格disbar全国律师代表大会National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院People’s Court人民检察院People’s Procuratorate认定事实determine facts上诉案件case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal涉外律师lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters申请复议administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会application for admission to Law Association 申请人petitioner; claimant申诉案件appeal case申诉人（仲裁）claimant; plaintiff申诉书appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据audio-visual reference material适用法律apply law to facts受害人victim书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法建议书judicial advise司法局Judicial Bureau司法局副局长deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试uniform judicial exam送达service of process诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务litigation practice诉状complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim 推销法律服务promote/market legal service外国律师事务所foreign law office委托代理合同authorized representation contract委托代理人agent ad litem; entrusted agent委托授权书power of attorney物证material evidence嫌疑人criminal suspect项目融资project financing项目谈判project negotiating刑事案件criminal case刑事诉讼criminal litigation行政诉讼administrative litigation休庭adjourn the court; recess宣判pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书affidavit业务进修attendance in advanced studies一审案件case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流communicate with foreign law firms 原告plaintiff证券律师securities lawyer证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录execution record执业登记registration for practice执业范围scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 执业申请practice application执业证年检annual inspection of lawyer license仲裁arbitration仲裁案件arbitration case仲裁机构arbitration agency专门律师specialized lawyer专职律师professional lawyer; full-time lawyer撰写法律文章write legal thesis资信调查credit standing investigation自诉案件private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案件case案件发回remand/rimit a case (to a low court)案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials in the case案情陈述书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party办案人员personnel handling a case保全措施申请书application for protective measures 报案report a case (to security authorities)被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim’s agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed 被执行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩护defense辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling 驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩supplementary answer补充判决supplementary judgement补充侦查supplementary investigation不公开审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation裁定order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)传唤summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩answer; reply答辩陈述书statement of defence答辩状answer; reply大法官associate justices; justice大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People’s Procuratorate第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action 对席判决judgement inter parties二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine法定证据statutory legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence法官judges法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court法院公告court announcement反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action复查reexamination; recheck复验reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People’s Court告诉案件case of complaint告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquent children公安部Ministry of Public Security公安分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公开审理trial in public公开审判制度open trial system公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件public-prosecuting case公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助international judicial assistance海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench 和解composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties恢复执行resumption of execution回避withdrawal混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People’s Court羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住living at home under surveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a court session开庭通知notice of court session勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function扣押distrain on; attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence 累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication 律师事务所law office; law firm律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement; determination判决书judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure普通管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation 起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment; information区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision审判委员会judicial committee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People’s Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death 实（质）体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case 受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation委托辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决acquittal, finding of “ not guilty ”物证material evidence先予执行申请书application for advanced execution先予执行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件administrative case行政审判庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death 宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人inquire/question a witness训诫reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect言词证据verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding 一审trial of first instance一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action有罪判决sentence; finding of “guilty”予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers)再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance 债权人会议creditors’ meeting侦查阶段investigation stage侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 证据evidence证据保全preserve evidence证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution执行庭executive tribunal执行异议objection to execution执行员executor执行中止discontinuance of execution执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People’s Court中途退庭retreat during court session without permission 仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator助理审判员assistant judge专门法院special court专门管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 自侦案件self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院the Su preme People’s Procuratorate最后裁决书final award三、民事法律法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system英吉利法English law衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为act不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权tested right期待权expectant right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health 姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right 亲属权right of relative配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household 合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment 个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management 合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award 实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’ precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent 委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation 时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription 时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription 期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements 冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default 有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’s fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence 过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption 损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle 消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss 支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects。

常用法律英语词汇注解

12398 2008-10-9 9:34:32Ab i nitio“The contract was void ab initioAccusedAccused Defendant RespondentAcquittal“The accused is acquitted AcquittalAdjourn30 “adjourned for 30 minutes “adjourned to a date to be fixedAffidavitAffidavit AffirmationAllegationThe Plaintiff alleged that his loss was due to the Defendant's breach of contract AllegationAssaultAssault “Common Assault Aggravated Assault Indecent AssaultAs i s“As is “The property is and will be sold on an ”as is“basis …”BailBalance of ProbabilitiesBeyond reasonable doubt“benefit of doubtBinding“binding This provisional agreement is a binding contractBody CorporationLimited CompanyBurden of ProofCause of ActionCautionCertified CopyChamber“Chamber “hearing in chambersChargeCharge 1. Legal Charge 2. This case has more than one charge 3. The company charged its property for the loan 4.ClaimStatement of Claim Particulars of ClaimConcurrent SentenceConsecutive SentenceConsiderationContempt of CourtContributory NegligenceCopyrightCounterclaimCustodyCustody Custody of ChildrenDecree“decree nisi” “decree absolute decree nisiDeedDefamationDefenceDependantDisclaimerDisclaimerDiscovery of documentsDistraintDomicile[ ] [ ]Estoppel“StopEx P arte“Inter ParteFalse ImprisonmentFiduciary DutyForthwithThe outstanding sum should be settled forthwith.FrivolousFrivolousGarnisheeGuarantee(Guarantor) Deed of GuaranteeHearingHearsay evidenceImplied t ermInfringementUsing a registered trade mark without its owner's permission is a serious infringement of the owner's proprietary right.InjunctionInstrument(Instrument of Transfer)Inter alia" "Interim order(Interim Maintenance Order)Interlocutory14Intestacy<< >> (Administrator)Intra vivres( ultra vivres)Ipso factoIssueIssue 1. This writ was issued more than one year. 1 2. The issue of this action is the date of the contract. 3. None of his issues will be benefited from his estate.Joint tenancy(Tenancy in Common) " "LapseThis offer will be lapsed automatically after the time limit.LeaveLeave " " It is necessary to seek the Court's leave to file a document out of time.LienLimitation period6 12 3Liquidated damagesListingMaintenanceMeritsMesne profitsMisappropriationMitigation1.2.Natural childnatural child (legitimate) (illegitimate)NegligenceNext friendNon e st f actum?Non est factum non est factum it is not my deedNotice to quit( )Nullity of MarriageObiter dictumOfficial ReceiverOnus of proofBurden of ProofOpen Contract( )Order of dischargeOrdinary resolutionextraordinary resolution ( ) special resolution ( )OverrulingPardonPartial intestacy( )Personal servicePetitionPetitionPhysical possessionPhysical possession possessionPlaintiffPossessory titlePower of AttorneyPre-emptionPre-emptionPremiumPresumption of deathProhibition OrderQuantumQuantumQuestion of fact** ** **Question of LawQuilt enjoymentReckless driving(careless driving)ReconciliationRedemptionRefresher feerefresher feeRegistered officeReliefRemandRemoteremoteRequisitionRestraint of tradeRule o f l awSeal"Sign seal and deliver"Secondary evidenceSeverance payments24Sine d ie"adjourned sine die"SlanderSmugglingSpecific performanceStatement of affairsStatement of affairsSub-lettingSub-rogationTenant in common,Tomlin o rderTracingTraining centre14-21TrespassTrustUnascertained goodsUndertakingundertaking undertakingUndue influenceUnsecuredV acant possessionV erdictVicarious liabilityV oidV oir d ireV oluntary dispositionWard of courtWarranty, , .WillWounding17 19 30 40Writ of fieri faciasWrit of possessionYouth custody centreZealous w itness。

常用法律英语词汇注解（i）_法律英语词汇

♦implied term 默示条款合约中并没有明文订立的条款，但因为事实的需要，法例的规定或者有关行业的惯例，在合约中加诸的条款。

例如在雇佣合约中，虽然没有订明雇员必须尽忠职守，勤力工作，但其实这些条件，经已默示在合约当中，被视为有效的条款。

♦infringement 侵犯权利一般指侵犯了他人的民事权利，多用于知识产权的侵占行为。

例：using a registered trade mark without its owner’s permission is a serious infringement of the owner’s proprietary right. 盗用他人注册商标是一项严重的侵犯权利行为。

♦injunction 禁制令禁制令是法庭颁下禁止某项行为或不行为，受禁人必须遵从命令的指示，例如不可以接近某人等，或者清除所有非法僭建物等，不理会禁制令等于是藐视法庭，可以被判罚款甚至监禁。

♦instrument 文书，文件处理法律事务及作为证据的文件，例如股份转让时用的转让文书(instrument of transfer)。

♦inter alia 其它以外在法律文件书信中，经常会出现这个拉丁词，意思是在“当中列出这一项”，即是尚有其它事项。

interim order 暂时命令指在诉讼过程中暂时性的命令，例如在离婚呈请中法庭所颁下的暂时性赡养费令(interim maintenance order)，在案件审理后，法庭再判定永久性命令，以取代该暂时性命令。

interlocutory 中途的指令法庭在诉讼过程中发出的指令，例如指定双方在14天内交换文件清单，或者批准其中一方申请延期将文件送交法庭存盘等。

intestacy 无遗嘱逝世后没有留下遗嘱，死者的遗产便须要按照<<无遗嘱者遗产条例>>分配，但在进行遗产分配之前，在该条例中指明合资格的人，应先向高等法院的遗产承办处申请成为死者的遗产承办人(administrator)，然后负责分配死者的遗产。

常见法律英语词汇注解

常见法律英语词汇注解1、A mensa et thoro——法定分居A mensa et thoro is a Latin term meaning "from table and bed" which became used in English as "from bed and board."A kind of divorce which does not dissolve the marriage bond, but merely authorizes a separate life of the husband and wife. Neither spouse has the right to remarry where there is a divorce a mensa et thoro; only parties who have been awarded a divorce a vinculo matrimonii, the more common type of divorce, can do so.【注】即一种不解散婚姻关系的离婚。

处于此种状态的配偶均不得再婚。

2、A vinculo matrimonii——解除婚姻、离婚literally "from the bond of marriage." Such a divorce generally enables the parties to marry again.【注】意为“解除婚姻关系”。

3、Ab initio——自始无效[Latin, From the beginning; from the first act; from the inception.]。

An agreement is said to be “void ab initio（自始无效）”if it has at no time had any legal validity. The illegality of the conduct or the revelation of the real facts makes the entire situation illegal ab initio (from the beginning), not just from the time the wrongful behavior occurs.【注】形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。

常用法律英语词汇注解

常用法律英语词汇注解随着全球化的深入，法律行业的国际化已成为趋势。

在全球化法律的环境下，法律英语已经成为全球律师和法律爱好者必不可少的知识，掌握常用的法律英语词汇及其意义对于法律职业人士来说尤为重要。

在本文中，我们将为大家解释一些常用的法律英语词汇，并提供简单的定义和案例。

1. 责任 (Liability)定义责任是指义务的存在，可以是道德上的，也可以是法律上的。

在法律上，责任通常被定义为遵守法律的义务，包括合法的行为和避免伤害他人。

实例如果一家公司的产品导致了消费者的伤害，该公司可能会被要求承担产品责任，支付医疗和其他赔偿费用。

2. 滥用权利 (Abuse of rights)定义滥用权利指行使自己的权利，超出了合理和公正的限度，对他人造成了伤害。

这种行为可能导致对行使权利的限制，甚至由此产生的一些不良后果可能需要进一步的法律制裁。

实例如果一个房主滥用其权利而非法驱逐房客，这可能对房客造成财务和/或情感上的伤害，并可以起诉房主为滥用权利。

3. 委托 (Agency)定义委托是指一方（委托人）授权另一方（代理人）以其名义进行特定的行动。

在法律上，代理人可能需要遵守特定的规定和限制，代理人的行为也可能对委托人产生法律后果。

实例如果公司雇用代理人与客户进行谈判，则该代理人行为的结果有可能与委托人公司的正当利益相关，因此代理人必须遵守公司的特定指令，而公司也必须对代理人进行监督以确保其品行。

4. 法律诉讼 (Litigation)定义法律诉讼是指通过法律程序解决争议，包括案件的提交、证据收集和在法庭上辩论。

在许多情况下，斗争可能会以妥协或调解方式解决，但有时候法律诉讼是必要的。

实例如果一家公司之间存在合同纠纷，当双方无法通过协商解决时，一家或双方可能会选择提起诉讼，由法院进行仲裁。

5. 损害赔偿 (Damages)定义损害赔偿是指在财产、身体、名誉或其他途径等方面造成的损害后的赔偿。

在法律上，受损人可能会要求负责人为其造成的损失和不便赔偿。

法律翻译常用词汇注释大全

AAb initio从开场形容由开场时的状态例如合约从开场便已经无效称为“The contract was void ab initio〞。

Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合一致在法律英语中那么表示和解或和解协议指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以归还局部债务免除全部债务责任的协议。

如rea an accord达成和解协议accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。

Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent〔辩人〕。

acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得获取而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。

在法律英语中通常指对的购置收买我们通常所说的MA即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。

如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。

Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后被告罪名不成立被释放称为“The accused is acquitted〞。

Acquittal是名词。

Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动行为在法律英语中通常理解为作为与不作为forbear相对应。

如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the remendation of the mission, direct the mission to act or forbear from。

Actionact在普通英语中的含义是行动在法律英语中那么理解为诉讼相当于suit或lawsuit如initiate an action 提起诉讼win an action在诉讼中获胜defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。

常用法律术语注解

常用法律术语注解[ 2006-11-21 09:21 ]法律术语draft 法案,草案government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的；依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw 宣布…不合法to abolish 废止,取消（法律；制度等）cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) annulment 判决无效immunity 豁免；豁免权attainder 被剥夺公民权及财产penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税estate duty 遗产税royalties 版税jury 陪审团plaintiff 原告defendant 被告plead guilty 承认有罪acquittal 被宣判无罪adjourn 休庭bail 保释custody 拘留nullity of marriage 判决婚姻无效verdict 裁决各种法律constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 普通法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labor law 劳动法fiscal law 财政法civil procedure law 民事诉讼法criminal procedure law 刑事诉讼法military law 军法conscript law 兵役法copyright law 著作权法contract law 合同法marriage law 婚姻法。

常用法律英语词汇注解

常用法律英语词汇注解
1. Agreement：协议，合同，是指双方或者多方认可的一项书面契约，具有法律效力，通常涉及到经济、商务等领域。

2. Clause：条款，协议或者合同的构成部分，每个条款都有其独立
的约束力。

3. Covenant：盟约，契约，是指有权威参与者之间达成的关于遵守
该文件规定的书面契约。

4. Disclosure：披露，是指当事人告知关于双方权利义务的相关信息。

5. Indemnity：赔偿，该条款规定，当被起诉或者拒绝执行合同时，
一方担负赔偿的义务。

6. Liability：责任，是指其中一行为可能导致其中一实体承担法律
责任的原因。

7. Negotiations：谈判，协商，是指双方或者多方通过对话、讨论
与交涉，以达成一致意见与行动的过程。

8. Obligation：义务，是指一些行为是必须要执行的，一旦发生的
行为就会导致法律形式的义务。

9. Precedent：先例，指一类案件的案例判决，可以供未来例似案件
参考之用。

10. Warrant：授权，是指特定的一实体具有代表另一实体或者特定
事务的权利。

常见的一些法律英语词汇详细注解

Biｎｄing
有约束力的“bindｉｎg”通常的解释是连结一起,但法律上则多用作有约束力的，例如：Thｉspｒovisional agｒeｅｍｅnt isａbiｎｄing coｎtract。这份临时协议是有法律约束力的。
Ｂody Corｐoｒａtｉonﻫ法人团体经法律程序而产生具有与自然人相同法律地位的组织，例如：根据公司条例注册成立的有限公司LｉmiteｄCｏmpaｎy，可以拥有资产,可以向外借贷,可以提出控诉,也可以被申索。法人团体没有自然的死亡因素，所以必须经法律程序才可以将它消除。ﻫBurｄeｎofProof举证责任无论是刑事或民事案件,提出控诉的一方，都负有举证的责任，即是向法庭提出证据,支持控诉和申索的事由。虽然在一般的情况下,向法庭举证是主控和原告的责任，但如果被告在刑事案中被法庭判罪之后，再被受害人以民事追讨赔偿，则在有关的民事诉讼中,如果被告否认他对受害人的损失需要负上赔偿的责任，被告便有责任向法庭举证，支持他的抗辩。
核证副本指经律师或其它合资格人士核证的文件副本，核证副本都有核证人的签署和核证日期,以确认该副本进行了核证，除特别声明必须用文件正本的情况外,核证副本一般都视为有效的文件。
Chambｅrﻫ办公室诉讼律师和法官的办公室,称为“Ｃhａmber”。诉讼程序中有部份的聆讯是在法官的办公室中进行的,称为内庭聆讯”hearｉngin chambers”，内庭聆讯只准许当事人及其法律代表出席。
Chaｒgｅ
收费,控罪,抵押,押记Ｃｈaｒgｅ可以是名词,也可以是动词，它包含了多个不同的解释:ﻫ1．是提供服务的收费,例：Legal Chａｒgｅ律师收费；
２.是刑事控罪，例：Thｉsｃａse haｓmｏrｅｔｈａn oneｃhargｅ这案
件包含多于一项的控罪;

法律英语常用词汇注解(doc 40页)

法律英语常用词汇注解(doc 40页)常用法律英语词汇注解Ab initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。

Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。

Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。

Acquittal是名词。

AdjournAs is现状“As is”常用于物业买卖的合约中，指物业的现状。

“The property is and will be sold on an “as is”basis …”即物业将会以其现状出售。

Bail保释刑事案中的疑犯或被告，可以暂时被释放。

保释可以是有条件的，也可以是无条件的。

保释的条件包括缴交指定金额的保释金、提供人事担保及定时向警署报到等。

Balance of Probabilities可能性较高者这是民事案件中举证的标准，法庭对原告和被告所提出的证据，认为那一方的可信性较高，便会判处该方胜诉。

相对刑事案而言，民事案中败诉的后果一般都只是经济利益，所以法庭对举证的要求，相对也较刑事案为低。

Beyond reasonable doubt无合理疑点这是刑事案件中举证的标准，控方向法庭提出的证据，必须是在合理的情况下并无疑点，法庭才会判处被告有罪。

刑事罪的后果对被告而言，较为严重，举证标准的要求也因此而较民事案严格，如果法庭认为证据有任何疑点，都会将疑点的利益“benefit of doubt”归于被告。

Binding有约束力的“binding”通常的解释是连结一起，但法律上则多用作有约束力的，例如：This provisional agreement is a binding contract。

常用法律英语词汇注解5

常用法律英语词汇注解5
♦charge
收费，控罪，抵押，押记 charge可以是名词，也可以是动词，它包含了多个不同的解释：
1. 是提供服务的收费，例：legal charge 律师收费；
2. 是刑事控罪，例：this case has more than one charge 这案
件包含多于一项的控罪；
3. 是借贷的抵押，例：the company charged its property for
the loan 这间公司以其物业作为借款的抵押；
4. 是对法定债务人的物业的押记，用以偿还有关的法定债务。

是借贷的抵押，例：the company charged its property for the loan 这间公司以其物业作为借款的抵押；是刑事控罪，例：this case has more than one charge 这案
件包含多于一项的控罪；
♦particulars of claim 合并判决
♦concurrent sentence 合并判决
连续判决刑事案中的被告所犯的不同罪行，是以连续判决执行，则被告需要分别服刑，例如一项罪被判了两年，另一项罪则被判了三年，被告便需要连续服刑五年，才会被释放。

♦consecutive sentence
刑事案中的被告犯了两项或以上的罪名同时成立，但各项罪名的判刑同时执行，例如第一项罪的判刑是一年监禁，而第二项罪的判刑是监禁两年，两项罪合并判决，被告只需要被服刑两年。

常用法律英语词汇注解2

常用法律英语词汇注解2
常用法律英语词汇注解2常用法律英语词汇注解2 allegation 声称
诉讼陈词中未经证实的声言，例如：the plaintiff alleged that his loss was due to the defendant’s breach of contract，原告声称他的损失是被告违约所引致。

allegation是名词。

assault 殴打，侵犯
以武力侵犯他人的行为，称为assault，一般性质的殴打，称为“common assault”；严重者称为aggravated assault；未经许可触摸他人身体，可以被控非礼，称为indecent assault。

as is 现状
“as is”常用于物业买卖的合约中，指物业的现状。

“the property is and will be sold on an “as is”basis …”即物业将会以其现状出售
bail 保释
刑事案中的疑犯或被告，可以暂时被释放。

保释可以是有条件的，也可以是无条件的。

保释的条件包括缴交指定金额的保释金、提供人
事担保及定时向警署报到等。

balance of probabilities 可能性较高者
这是民事案件中举证的标准，法庭对原告和被告所提出的证据，认为那一方的可信性较高，便会判处该方胜诉。

相对刑事案而言，民事案中败诉的后果一般都只是经济利益，所以法庭对举证的要求，相对也较刑事案为低。

常用法律英语词汇注解2 相关内容:。