2009年广东中山中考数学试卷及答案(word)
2009年广东省中山市
2009年广东省中山市初中毕业生学业考试数 学说明:1.全卷共4页,考试用时100分钟,满分为120分.2.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔在答题卡填写自己的准考证号、姓名、试室号、座位号.用2B 铅笔把对应该号码的标号涂黑.3.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试题上.4.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答、答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液.不按以上要求作答的答案无效.5.考生务必保持答题卡的整洁.考试结束时,将试卷和答题卡一并交回.一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分)在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一个是正确的,请把答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑. 1.4的算术平方根是( ) A .2±B .2C.D2.计算32()a 结果是( ) A .6aB .9aC .5aD .8a3.如图所示几何体的主(正)视图是( )A .B .C .D .4.《广东省2009年重点建设项目计划(草案)》显示,港珠澳大桥工程估算总投资726亿元,用科学记数法表示正确的是( )A . 107.2610⨯元 B .972.610⨯元 C .110.72610⨯元 D .117.2610⨯元5.方程组223010x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩的解是( ) A .1113x y =⎧⎨=⎩2213x y =-⎧⎨=-⎩ B .12123311x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨=-=⎩⎩ C . 12123311x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨==-⎩⎩ D.12121133x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨=-=⎩⎩ 二、填空题:(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)请将下列各题的正确答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上.6.分解因式2233x y x y --- .7.已知O ⊙的直径8cm AB C =,为O ⊙上的一点,30BAC ∠=°,则BC = cm .8.一种商品原价120元,按八折(即原价的80%)出售,则现售价应为 元.9.在一个不透明的布袋中装有2个白球和n 个黄球,它们除颜色不同外,其余均相同.若从中随机摸出一个球,摸到黄球的概率是45,则n =_____________.10.用同样规格的黑白两种颜色的正方形瓷砖,按下图的方式铺地板,则第(3)个图形中有黑色瓷砖 块,第n 个图形中需要黑色瓷砖________块(用含n 的代数式表示).……(1) (2) (3)三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每小题6分,共30分) 11.(本题满分6分)计算:1sin 30π+32-+0°+(). 12.(本题满分6分)解方程22111x x =--- 13.(本题满分6分)如图所示,ABC △是等边三角形, D 点是AC 的中点,延长BC 到E ,使CE CD =,(1)用尺规作图的方法,过D 点作DM BE ⊥,垂足是M (不写作法,保留作图痕迹); (2)求证:BM EM =.14.(本题满分6分)已知:关于x 的方程2210x kx +-= (1)求证:方程有两个不相等的实数根;(2)若方程的一个根是1-,求另一个根及k 值.15.(本题满分6分)如图所示,A 、B 两城市相距100km ,现计划在这两座城市间修建一条高速公路(即线段AB ),经测量,森林保护中心P 在A 城市的北偏东30°和B 城市的北偏西45°的方向上,已知森林保护区的范围在以P 点为圆心,50km 为半径的圆形区域内,请问计划修建的这条高速公路会不会穿越保护1.732 1.414)第7题图B第10题图 ACBDE第13题图30° A BFE P45°第15题图四、解答题(二)(本大题4小题,每小题7分,共28分)16.(本题满分7分)某种电脑病毒传播非常快,如果一台电脑被感染,经过两轮感染后就会有81台电脑被感染.请你用学过的知识分析,每轮感染中平均一台电脑会感染几台电脑?若病毒得不到有效控制,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会不会超过700台? 17.(本题满分7分)某中学学生会为了解该校学生喜欢球类活动的情况,采取抽样调查的方法,从足球、乒乓球、篮球、排球等四个方面调查了若干名学生的兴趣爱好,并将调查的结果绘制成如下的两幅不完整的统计图(如图1,图2要求每位同学只能选择一种自己喜欢的球类;图中用乒乓球、足球、排球、篮球代表喜欢这四种球类中的某一种球类的学生人数),请你根据图中提供的信息解答下列问题:(1)在这次研究中,一共调查了多少名学生?(2)喜欢排球的人数在扇形统计图中所占的圆心角是多少度? (3)补全频数分布折线统计图.18.(本题满分7分)ABCD 中,10AB =,AD m =,60D ∠=°,以AB 为直径作O ⊙, (1)求圆心O 到CD 的距离(用含m 的代数式来表示); (2)当m 取何值时,CD 与O ⊙相切.图2 乒乓球 20% 足球排球 篮球40%图1 第17题图 第18题图19.(本题满分7分)如图所示,在矩形ABCD 中,12AB AC =,=20,两条对角线相交于点O .以OB 、OC 为邻边作第1个平行四边形1OBB C ,对角线相交于点1A ,再以11A B 、1AC 为邻边作第2个平行四边形111A B C C ,对角线相交于点1O ;再以11O B 、11O C 为邻边作第3个平行四边形1121O B B C ……依次类推. (1)求矩形ABCD 的面积;(2)求第1个平行四边形1OBB C 、第2个平行四边形111A B C C 和第6个平行四边形的面积.五、解答题(三)(本大题3小题,每小题9分,共27分) 20、(本题满分9分)(1)如图1,圆心接ABC △中,AB BC CA ==,OD 、OE 为O ⊙的半径,OD BC ⊥于点F ,OE AC ⊥于点G ,求证:阴影部分四边形OFCG 的面积是ABC △的面积的13. (2)如图2,若DOE ∠保持120°角度不变, 求证:当DOE ∠绕着O 点旋转时,由两条半径和ABC △的两条边围成的图形(图中阴影部分)面积始终是ABC △的面积的13.A 1O 1A 2B 2 B 1C 1 B C 2AOD第19题图 C 第20题图D 图1 图221.(本题满分9分)小明用下面的方法求出方程30=的解,请你仿照他的方法求22.(本题满分9分)正方形ABCD 边长为4,M 、N 分别是BC 、CD 上的两个动点,当M 点在BC 上运动时,保持AM 和MN 垂直, (1)证明:Rt Rt ABM MCN △∽△;(2)设BM x =,梯形ABCN 的面积为y ,求y 与x 之间的函数关系式;当M 点运动到什么位置时,四边形ABCN 面积最大,并求出最大面积;(3)当M 点运动到什么位置时Rt Rt ABM AMN △∽△,求x 的值.NDA CBM第22题图广东省中山市2009年初中毕业生学业考试数学试题参考答案及评分建议一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分) 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D二、填空题(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)6.()(3)x y x y +-- 7.4 8.96 9.8 10.10,31n + 三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每题6分,共30分) 11.解:原式=113122+-+ ········································································································ 4分 =4. ························································································································ 6分12.解:方程两边同时乘以(1)(1)x x +-, ··············································································· 2分 2(1)x =-+, ······························································································································ 4分 3x =-, ······································································································································· 5分 经检验:3x =-是方程的解. ····································································································· 6分 13.解:(1)作图见答案13题图,··········································································· 2分 (2) ABC △是等边三角形,D 是AC 的中点, BD ∴平分ABC ∠(三线合一),2ABC DBE ∴∠=∠. ················································································································ 4分 CE CD = ,CED CDE ∴∠=∠.又ACB CED CDE ∠=∠+∠ ,2ACB E ∴∠=∠. ······················································································································ 5分 又ABC ACB ∠=∠ , 22DBC E ∴∠=∠, DBC E ∴∠=∠, BD DE ∴=. 又DM BE ⊥ ,BM EM ∴=.···························································································································· 6分 14.解:(1)2210x kx +-=,答案13题图AC BDE M2242(1)8k k ∆=-⨯⨯-=+, ·································································································· 2分 无论k 取何值,2k ≥0,所以280k +>,即0∆>,∴方程2210x kx +-=有两个不相等的实数根. ······································································ 3分 (2)设2210x kx +-=的另一个根为x ,则12k x -=-,1(1)2x -=- , ·································································································· 4分 解得:12x =,1k =,∴2210x kx +-=的另一个根为12,k 的值为1. ··································································· 6分 15.解:过点P 作PC AB ⊥,C 是垂足,则30APC ∠=°,45BPC ∠=°, ··············································· 2分tan30AC PC = °,tan 45BC PC = °,AC BC AB += , ······································································· 4分 tan30tan 45100PC PC ∴+= °°,11003PC ⎛⎫∴+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭, ································································· 5分50(350(3 1.732)63.450PC ∴=⨯->≈≈,答:森林保护区的中心与直线AB 的距离大于保护区的半径,所以计划修筑的这条高速公路不会穿越保护区. ························································································································ 6分 四、解答题(二)(本大题4小题,每小题7分,共28分) 16.解:设每轮感染中平均每一台电脑会感染x 台电脑, ························································ 1分 依题意得:1(1)81x x x +++=, ······························································································ 3分2(1)81x +=,19x +=或19x +=-,12810x x ==-,(舍去), ······································································································ 5分 33(1)(18)729700x +=+=>. ································································································ 6分答:每轮感染中平均每一台电脑会感染8台电脑,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会超过700台. ······················································································································································· 7分 17.解:(1)2020%100÷=(人). ··················································································· 1分 (2)30100%30%100⨯=, ········································································································ 2分 120%40%30%10%---=,36010%36⨯=°°. ···················································································································· 3分 答案15题图A BF E P C(3)喜欢篮球的人数:40%10040⨯=(人), ···································································· 4分 喜欢排球的人数:10%10010⨯=(人). ··············································································· 5分····························· 7分18.解:(1)分别过A O ,两点作AE CD OF CD ⊥⊥,,垂足分别为点E ,点F , AE OF OF ∴∥,就是圆心O 到CD 的距离. 四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,AB CD AE OF ∴∴=∥,. ········································································································ 2分在Rt ADE △中,60sin sin 60AE AED D AD AD∠=∠==°,,°,AE AE OF AE m ====,,, ······································································· 4分 圆心到CD 的距离OF为. ······························································································· 5分 (2)2OF =, AB 为O ⊙的直径,且10AB =,∴当5OF =时,CD 与O ⊙相切于F 点,即523m m ==,, ········································································································· 6分 答案17题图答案18题图(1)答案18题图(2)∴当3m =时,CD 与O ⊙相切. ····················································································· 7分 19.解:(1)在Rt ABC △中,16BC ===,1216192ABCD S AB BC ==⨯= 矩形. ························································································ 2分(2) 矩形ABCD ,对角线相交于点O ,4ABCD OBC S S ∴=△. ···················································································································· 3分 四边形1OBB C 是平行四边形,11OB CB OC BB ∴∥,∥,11OBC B CB OCB B BC ∴∠=∠∠=∠,.又BC CB = ,1OBC B CB ∴△≌△,112962OBB C OBC ABCD S S S ∴===△, ························································································· 5分 同理,111111148222A B C C OBB C ABCD S S S ==⨯⨯=, ······································································ 6分第6个平行四边形的面积为6132ABCD S =. ··············································································· 7分五、解答题(三)(本大题3小题,每小题9分,共27分) 20.证明:(1)如图1,连结OA OC ,, 因为点O 是等边三角形ABC 的外心,所以Rt Rt Rt OFC OGC OGA △≌△≌△. ····································· 2分2OFCG OFC OAC S S S ==△△,因为13OAC ABC S S =△△,所以13OFCGABC S S =△. ··············································································································· 4分 (2)解法一: 连结OA OB ,和OC ,则AOC COB BOA △≌△≌△,12∠=∠, ·································· 5分 不妨设OD 交BC 于点F ,OE 交AC 于点G ,3412054120AOC DOE ∠=∠+∠=∠=∠+∠=°,°,35∴∠=∠.·························································································· 7分 在OAG △和OCF △中,答案20题图(1) AE O G FBCD 答案20题图(2)A E O GF B C D1 2 3 45。
中考_2009年广东省中考数学试题及答案
第7题图BAD C BA DC B A 2021年广东省中考数学试题及答案说明:全卷共4页,考试用时100分钟,总分值120分.一、选择题〔本大题5小题,每题3分,共15分〕在每题列出的四个选项中,只有一个是正确的,请把答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑. 1. 4的算术平方根是〔 〕A.±2B.2C.2±D.22. 计算()23a 结果是〔 〕A.6aB.9aC.5aD.8a3. 如下图几何体的主〔正〕视图是〔 〕4. ?广东省2021年重点建立工程方案〔草案〕?显示,港珠澳大桥工程估算总投资726亿 元,用科学计数法表示正确的选项是〔 〕A.元101026.7⨯ B.9106.72⨯元 C.1110726.0⨯元 D.111026.7⨯元5. 如下图的矩形纸片,先沿虚线按箭头方向向右对折,接着将对折后的纸片沿虚线剪下 一个小圆和一个小三角形,然后将纸片翻开是以下图中的哪一个〔 〕二、填空题〔本大题5小题,每题4分,共20分〕请将以下各题的正确答案填在答题卡相应的位置上. 6. 分解因式x x 823-=_______________________.7. ⊙O 的直径AB=8cm ,C 为⊙O 上的一点,∠BAC=30°, 那么BC=_________cm.8. 一种商品原价120元,按八折〔即原价的80%〕出售,那么 现售价应为__________元.9. 在一个不透明的布袋中装有2个白球和n 个黄球,它们除颜色不同外,其余均一样,假设从中随机摸出一球,摸到黄球的概率是54,那么n=__________________.第14题图E DC B A 第15题图45°30°FEPBA第13题图O CB Axy10. 用同样规格的黑白两种颜色的正方形瓷砖,按以下图的方式铺地板,那么第〔3〕个图形中有黑色瓷砖________块,第n 个图形中需要黑色瓷砖_______________块〔用含n 的代数式 表示〕.三、解答题〔一〕〔本大题5小题,每题6分,共30分〕 11. 计算-+-921sin30°+()03+π. 12. 解方程11122--=-x x 13. 如下图,在平面直角坐标系中,一次函数y=kx+1 的图像与反比例函数xy 9=的图像在第一象限相交于点A ,边形OBAC 是正方形,求一次函数的关系式.14. 如下图,△ABC 是等边三角形,D 点是AC 的中点, 延长BC 到E ,使CE=CD.(1) 用尺规作图的方法,过D 点作DM ⊥BE , 垂足是M 〔不写作法,保存作图痕迹〕; 〔2〕求证:BM=EM.15. 如下图,A 、B 两城市相距100km.现方案在这两座城市间修筑一条高速公路〔即线段AB 〕,经测量,森林保护中心P 在A 城市的北偏东30°和B 城市的北偏西45°的方向上.森林保护区的范围在以P 点为圆心,50km 为半径的圆形区域内.请问方案修筑的这条高速公路会不会穿越保护区.为什么?〔参考数据:414.12,732.13≈≈〕第18题图Q P OE D C B A 第17题图图2足球乒乓球20%篮球40%排球第19题图C 2C 1A 2B 2B 1O 1OA 1DCB AC OBB 1C C B A 111四、解答题〔二〕〔本大题4小题,每题7分,共28分〕16. 某种电脑病毒传播非常快,如果一台电脑被感染,经过两轮被感染后就会有81台电脑被感染.请你用学过的知识分析,每轮感染中平均一台电脑会感染几台电脑?假设病毒得不到有效控制,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会不会超过700台?17. 某中学学生会为了解该校学生喜欢球类活动的情况,采取抽样调查地方法,从足球、乒乓球、篮球、排球等四个方面调查了假设干名学生的兴趣爱好,并将调查的结果绘制成如下的两幅不完整的统计图〔如图1、图2,要求每位同学只能选择一种自己喜欢的球类;图中用乒乓球、足球、排球、篮球代表喜欢这四种球类中的某一种球类的学生人数〕,请你根据图中提供的信息解答以下问题:〔1〕在这次研究中,一共调查了多少位学生?〔2〕喜欢排球的人数在扇形统计图中所占的圆心角是多少度? 〔3〕补全频数分布折线统计图.∥AC 交BC的延长线于点E. 〔1〕求△BDE 的周长; 〔2〕点P为线段BC 上的点,连接PO 并延长交AD 于点Q.求证:BP=DQ.19. 如下图,在矩形ABCD 中,AB=12,AC=20,两条对角线相交于点O.以OB 、OC 为邻边作第1个平行四边形C OBB 1,对角线相交于点1A ;再以C A B A 111、为邻边作第2个平行四边形C C B A 111,对角线相交于点1O ;再以1111C O B O 、为 邻边作第3个平行四边形1211C B B O ……依此类推. 〔1〕求矩形ABCD 的面积;〔2〕求第1个平行四边形 、第2个平行四边形和第6个平行四边形的面积.第22题图N MDC B A 第20题图图2图1A五、解答题〔三〕〔本大题3小题,每题9分,共27分〕20.〔1〕如图1,圆内接△ABC 中,AB=BC=CA ,OD 、OE 为⊙O 的半径,OD ⊥BC 于点F ,OE ⊥AC 于点G ,求证:阴影局部四边形OFCG 的面积是△ABC 的面积的31. 〔2〕如图2,假设∠DOE 保持120°角度不变,求证:当∠DOE 绕着O 点旋转时,由两条半径和△ABC 的两条边围成的图形〔图中阴影局部〕面积始终是△ABC 的面积的31.21. 小明用下面的方法求出方程032=-x 的解,请你仿照他的方法求出下面另外两个方程的解,并把你的解答过程填写在下面的表格中.22. 正方形ABCD 边长为4,M 、N 分别是BC 、CD 上的两个动点,当M 点在BC 上运动时,保持AM 和MN 垂直,〔1〕证明:Rt △ABM ∽Rt △MCN ;〔2〕设BM=x ,梯形ABCN 的面积为y ,求y 与x 之间的函数关系式;当M 点运动到什么位置时,四边形ABCN 的面积最大,并求出最大面积; 〔3〕当M 点运动到什么位置时Rt △ABM ∽Rt △AMN , 求此时x 的值.参考答案一、选择题二、填空题6.2x(x+2)(x-2);7.4;8.96;9.8;10.10,3n+1. 三、解答题〔一〕 11. 解: 1131422=+-+=原式 12.解:去分母得:2=-(x+1) 解得:x=-3 检验:当x=-3时,分母219180x -=-=≠ 所以原方程的解是:x=-3. 13.解:2OBAC OB 9S ==正方形,∴OB=AB=3, ∴点A的坐标为〔3,3〕∵点A在一次函数y=kx+1的图像上, ∴3k+1=3,解得:k=23∴一次函数的关系式是:21.3y x =+ 14.〔1〕作图〔略〕 〔2〕证明:∵△ABC 是等边三角形,∴AB=BC,∠ABC =∠ACB=60° ∵AD=CD,∴∠CBD=∠ABD=30° ∵CD=CE ,∠ACB =∠E+∠CDE=60°,∴∠E =30° ∴∠E =∠CBD,∴BD=DE ∵DM⊥BE,∴BM=EM.15.解:过点P 作PQ ⊥AB 于Q ,那么有∠APQ=30°,∠BPQ=45° 设PQ=x ,那么PQ=BQ=x ,AP=2AQ=2(100-x). 在Rt △APQ 中,∵tan ∠APQ=tan30º =AQ PQ ,100xx-=.∴50(3x =又∵50(363.4≈>50,∴方案修筑的这条高速公路会穿越保护区。
09年广东省初中毕业生中考数学题含答案
2009年广州市初中毕业生九年级数学学业考试满分150分,考试时间120分钟一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,满分30分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
)1. 将图1所示的图案通过平移后可以得到的图案是( A )2. 如图2,AB ∥CD ,直线l 分别与AB 、CD 相交,若∠1=130°,则∠2=( C )(A )40° (B )50° (C )130° (D )140°3. 实数a 、b 在数轴上的位置如图3所示,则a 与b 的大小关系是( C )(A )b a < (B )b a =(C )b a > (D )无法确定4. 二次函数2)1(2+-=x y 的最小值是( A )(A )2 (B )1 (C )-1 (D )-25. 图4是广州市某一天内的气温变化图,根据图4,下列说法中错误..的是( D ) (A )这一天中最高气温是24℃(B )这一天中最高气温与最低气温的差为16℃(C )这一天中2时至14时之间的气温在逐渐升高(D )这一天中只有14时至24时之间的气温在逐渐降低6. 下列运算正确的是( B )(A )222)(n m n m -=- (B ))0(122≠=-m mm (C )422)(mn n m =⋅ (D )642)(m m =7. 下列函数中,自变量x 的取值范围是x ≥3的是( D )(A )31-=x y (B )31-=x y(C )3-=x y (D )3-=x y8. 只用下列正多边形地砖中的一种,能够铺满地面的是( C )(A )正十边形 (B )正八边形(C )正六边形 (D )正五边形9. 已知圆锥的底面半径为5cm ,侧面积为65πcm 2,设圆锥的母线与高的夹角为θ(如图5)所示),则sin θ的值为( B )(A )125 (B )135 (C )1310 (D )131210. 如图6,在ABCD 中,AB=6,AD=9,∠BAD 的平分线交BC 于点E ,交DC 的延长线于点F ,BG ⊥AE ,垂足为G ,BG=24,则ΔCEF 的周长为( A )(A )8 (B )9.5 (C )10 (D )11.5二、填空题(本大题共6小题,每小题3分,满分18分)11. 已知函数xy 2=,当x =1时,y 的值是________2 12. 在某校举行的艺术节的文艺演出比赛中,九位评委给其中一个表演节目现场打出的分数如下:9.3,8.9,9.3,9.1,8.9,8.8,9.3,9.5,9.3,则这组数据的众数是________9.313. 绝对值是6的数是________+6,-614. 已知命题“如果一个平行四边形的两条对角线互相垂直,那么这个平行四边形是菱形”,写出它的逆命题:________________________________略15. 如图7-①,图7-②,图7-③,图7-④,…,是用围棋棋子按照某种规律摆成的一行“广”字,按照这种规律,第5个“广”字中的棋子个数是________,第n 个“广”字中的棋子个数是________2n+516. 如图8是由一些相同长方体的积木块搭成的几何体的三视图,则此几何体共由________块长方体的积木搭成4三、解答题(本大题共9小题,满分102分。
2009年广东省初中毕业生学业考试数学试卷
15. (本题满分 6 分)如图所示, A 、 B 两城市相距 100km.现计划在这两座城市间修筑一 ,经测量,森林保护中心 P 在 A 城市的北偏东 30° B 城市的北 和 条高速公路(即线段 AB ) 偏西 45° 的方向上. 已知森林保护区的范围在以 P 点为圆心, 50km 为半径的圆形区域内. 请 问计划修筑的这条高速公路会不会穿越保护区.为什么? (参考数据: 3 ≈ 1.732,2 ≈ 1.414 ) E 30° A P
Q O
D
B
P
C
E
第 18 题图
19. (本题满分 7 分)如图所示,在矩形 ABCD 中, AB = 12,AC = 20 ,两条对角线相交 于点 O . OB 、OC 为邻边作第 1 个平行四边形 OBB1C ; 以 对角线相交于点 A1 ; 再以 A1 B1 、
A1C 为邻边作第 2 个平行四边形 A1 B1C1C ,对角线相交于点 O1 ;再以 O1 B1 、 O1C1 为邻边
彰显数学魅力!演绎网站传奇! 彰显数学魅力!演绎网站传奇! 学魅力 网站传奇
小题, 二、填空题(本大题 5 小题,每小题 4 分,共 20 分)请将下列各题的正确答案填写在答题 填空题( 卡相应的位置上. 卡相应的位置上. C 3 6.分解因式 2 x 8 x =__________. 7.已知 ⊙O 的直径 AB = 8 cm, C 为 ⊙O 上的一点, ∠BAC = 30° BC = __________cm. , 则 8.一种商品原价 120 元,按八折(即原价的 80%)出售, 则现售价应为 __________元. 9.在一个不透明的布袋中装有 2 个白球和 n 个黄球, A B O
17. (本题满分 7 分)某中学学生会为了解该校学生喜欢球类活动的情况,采取抽样调查的 方法,从足球、乒乓球、篮球、排球等四个方面调查了若干名学生的兴趣爱好,并将调查的 结果绘制成如下的两幅不完整的统计图(如图 1,图 2,要求每位同学只能选择一种自己喜 欢的球类; 图中用乒乓球、 足球、 排球、 篮球代表喜欢这四种球类的某一种球类的学生人数) ,
2009广东省中考数学试题和答案
第7题图BADCBADCBA2009年广东省初中毕业生数学学业考试考试用时100分钟,满分120分一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分)。
1. 4的算术平方根是( )A.±2B.2C.2±D.22. 计算()23a 结果是( )A.6aB.9aC.5aD.8a 3. 如图所示几何体的主(正)视图是( )4. 《广东省2009年重点建设项目计划(草案)》显示,港珠澳大桥工程估算总投资726亿 元,用科学计数法表示正确的是( )A.元101026.7⨯ B.9106.72⨯元 C.1110726.0⨯元 D.111026.7⨯元 5. 如图所示的矩形纸片,先沿虚线按箭头方向向右对折,接着将对折后的纸片沿虚线剪下 一个小圆和一个小三角形,然后将纸片打开是下列图中的哪一个( )二、填空题(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)。
6. 分解因式x x 823-=_______________________.7. 已知⊙O 的直径AB=8cm ,C 为⊙O 上的一点,∠BAC=30°, 则BC=_________cm.8. 一种商品原价120元,按八折(即原价的80%)出售,则现售价应为__________元.9. 在一个不透明的布袋中装有2个白球和n 个黄球,它们除颜色不同外,其余均相同,若 从中随机摸出一球,摸到黄球的概率是54,则n=__________________. 10. 用同样规格的黑白两种颜色的正方形瓷砖,按下图的方式铺地板,则第(3)个图形中有黑色瓷砖________块,第n 个图形中需要黑色瓷砖___________块(用含n 的代数式表示).三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每小题6分,共30分) 11. 计算-+-921sin30°+()03+π.12. 解方程11122--=-x x第14题图EDCBA13. 如图所示,在平面直角坐标系中,一次函数y=kx+1的图像与反比例函数xy 9的图像在第一象限相交于点A ,过点A 分别作x 轴、y 轴的垂线,垂足为点B 、C.如果四边形OBAC 是正方形,求一次函数的关系式.14. 如图所示,△ABC 是等边三角形,D 点是AC 的中点,延长BC 到E ,使CE=CD. (1) 用尺规作图的方法,过D 点作DM ⊥BE ,垂足是M (不写作法,保留作图痕迹); (2)求证:BM=EM.第15题图45°30°FEPBA15. 如图所示,A 、B 两城市相距100km.现计划在这两座城市间修筑一条高速公路(即线段AB ),经测量,森林保护中心P 在A 城市的北偏东30°和B 城市的北偏西45°的方向上.已知森林保护区的范围在以P 点为圆心,50km 为半径的圆形区域内.请问计划修筑的这条高速公路会不会穿越保护区.为什么?(参考数据:414.12,732.13≈≈)四、解答题(二)(本大题4小题,每小题7分,共28分)16. 某种电脑病毒传播非常快,如果一台电脑被感染,经过两轮被感染后就会有81台电脑被感染.请你用学过的知识分析,每轮感染中平均一台电脑会感染几台电脑?若病毒得不到有效控制,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会不会超过700台?第17题图图2足球乒乓球20%篮球40%排球17. 某中学学生会为了解该校学生喜欢球类活动的情况,采取抽样调查地方法,从足球、乒乓球、篮球、排球等四个方面调查了若干名学生的兴趣爱好,并将调查的结果绘制成如下的两幅不完整的统计图(如图1、图2,要求每位同学只能选择一种自己喜欢的球类;图中用乒乓球、足球、排球、篮球代表喜欢这四种球类中的某一种球类的学生人数),请你根据图中提供的信息解答下列问题:(1)在这次研究中,一共调查了多少位学生?(2)喜欢排球的人数在扇形统计图中所占的圆心角是多少度? (3)补全频数分布折线统计图.第18题图QPOEDCBA第19题图C 2C 1A 2B 2B 1O 1OA 1DCB A18. 在菱形ABCD 中,对角线AC 与BD 相交于点O ,AB=5,AC=6.过D点作DE ∥AC 交BC的延长线于点E. (1)求△BDE 的周长;(2)点P为线段BC 上的点,连接PO 并延长交AD 于点Q.求证:BP=DQ.19. 如图所示,在矩形ABCD 中,AB=12,AC=20,两条对角线相交于点O.以OB 、OC 为邻边作第1个平行四边形C OBB 1,对角线相交于点1A ;再以C A B A 111、为邻边作第2个平行四边形C C B A 111,对角线相交于点1O ;再以1111C O B O 、为邻边作第3个平行四边形1211C B B O ……依此类推.(1)求矩形ABCD 的面积;(2)求第一个、第二个、第六个平行四边形的面积。
2009中考数学题及答案
2009年大连市中考数学试题与参考答案注意事项:1.请将答案写在答题卡上,写在试卷上无效. 2.本试卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟.一、选择题(在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个正确答案.本大题共有8小题,每小题3分,共24分) 1.|-3|等于 ( )A .3B .-3C .31D .-31 2.下列运算正确的是 ( )A .523x x x =+ B .x x x =-23C .623x x x =⋅ D .x x x =÷233.函数2-=x y 中,自变量x 的取值范围是 ( )A .x < 2B .x ≤2C .x > 2D .x ≥24.将一张等边三角形纸片按图1-①所示的方式对折,再按图1-②所示 的虚线剪去一个小三角形,将余下纸片展开得到的图案是 ( )5.下列的调查中,选取的样本具有代表性的有 ( )A .为了解某地区居民的防火意识,对该地区的初中生进行调查B .为了解某校1200名学生的视力情况,随机抽取该校120名学生进行调查C .为了解某商场的平均晶营业额,选在周末进行调查D .为了解全校学生课外小组的活动情况,对该校的男生进行调查6.如图,等腰梯形ABCD 中,AD ∥BC ,AE ∥DC ,∠AEB =60°, AB = AD = 2cm ,则梯形ABCD 的周长为 ( ) A .6cm B .8cm C .10cm D .12cm 7.下列四个点中,有三个点在同一反比例函数xky =的图象上,则不在这个函数图象上的点是 ( ) A .(5,1) B .(-1,5) C .(35,3) D .(-3,35-)8.图3是一个几何体的三视图,其中主视图、左视图都是腰为13cm ,底为10cm 的等腰三角形,则这个几何的侧面积是 ( )A .60πcm 2B .65πcm 2C .70πcm 2D .75πcm 2图1②①DCBA 图2俯视图左视图主视图图3DC BA二、填空题(本题共有9小题,每小题3分,共27分)9.某天最低气温是-5℃,最高气温比最低气温高8℃,则这天的最高气温是_________℃. 10.计算)13)(13(-+=___________.11.如图4,直线a ∥b ,∠1 = 70°,则∠2 = __________.12.如图5,某游乐场内滑梯的滑板与地面所成的角∠A = 35°,滑梯的高度BC = 2米,则滑板AB 的长约为_________米(精确到0.1).13.在某智力竞赛中,小明对一道四选一的选择题所涉及的知识完全不懂,只能靠猜测得出结果,则他答对这道题的概率是_______________.14.若⊙O 1和⊙O 2外切,O 1O 2 = 10cm ,⊙O 1半径为3cm ,则⊙O 2半径为___________cm .15.图6是某班为贫困地区捐书情况的条形统计图,则这个班平均每名学生捐书_____________册. 16.图7是一次函数b kx y +=的图象,则关于x 的不等式0>+b kx 的解集为_________________.17.如图8,原点O 是△ABC 和△A ′B ′C ′的位似中心,点A (1,0)与点A ′(-2,0)是对应点,△ABC 的面积是23,则△A ′B ′C ′的面积是________________. 三、解答题(本题共有3小题,18题、19题、20题各12分,共36分) 18.如图9,在△ABC 和△DEF 中,AB = DE ,BE = CF ,∠B =∠1. 求证:AC = DF (要求:写出证明过程中的重要依据)21c b a 图 4CBA 图 5 491017201510554320人数册数图 6 O y x -24图 7 A C B A′123-1-2-3-4-3-2-14321O y x 图 8 1F E DCBA19.某地区林业局要考察一种树苗移植的成活率,对该地区这种树苗移植成活情况进行调查统计,并绘制了如图10所示的统计表,根据统计图提供的信息解决下列问题:⑴这种树苗成活的频率稳定在_________,成活的概率估计值为_______________. ⑵该地区已经移植这种树苗5万棵. ①估计这种树苗成活___________万棵;②如果该地区计划成活18万棵这种树苗,那么还需移植这种树苗约多少万棵?20.甲、乙两车间生产同一种零件,乙车间比甲车间平均每小时多生产30个,甲车间生产600个零件与乙车间生产900个零件所用时间相等,设甲车间平均每小时生产x 个零件,请按要求解决下列问题: ⑴根据题意,填写下表: 车间 零件总个数平均每小时生产零件个数所用时间甲车间 600xx600乙车间900________⑵甲、乙两车间平均每小时各生产多少个零件?四、解答题(本题3小题,其中21、22题各9分,23题10分,共28分) 21.如图11,在⊙O 中,AB 是直径,AD 是弦,∠ADE = 60°, ∠C = 30°.⑴判断直线CD 是否是⊙O 的切线,并说明理由; ⑵若CD = 33 ,求BC 的长.图 10 0成活的概率移植数量/千棵10.90.8108642E DCBA O图 1122.如图12,直线2--=x y 交x 轴于点A ,交y 轴于点B ,抛物线c bx ax y ++=2的顶点为A ,且经过点B . ⑴求该抛物线的解析式; ⑵若点C(m ,29-)在抛物线上,求m 的值.23.A 、B 两地的路程为16千米,往返于两地的公交车单程运行40分钟.某日甲车比乙车早20分钟从A 地出发,到达B 地后立即返回,乙车出发20分钟后因故停车10分钟,随后按原速继续行驶,并与返回途中的甲车相遇.图13是乙车距A 地的路程y (千米)与所用时间x (分)的函数图象的一部分(假设两车都匀速行驶). ⑴请在图13中画出甲车在这次往返中,距A 地的路程y (千米)与时间x (分)的函数图象; ⑵乙车出发多长时间两车相遇?五、解答题(本题共有3小题,其中24题11分,25、26题各12分,共25分)24.如图14,矩形ABCD 中,AB = 6cm ,AD = 3cm ,点E 在边DC 上,且DE = 4cm .动点P 从点A 开始沿着A →B →C →E 的路线以2cm/s 的速度移动,动点Q 从点A 开始沿着AE 以1cm/s 的速度移动,当点Q 移动到点E 时,点P 停止移动.若点P 、Q 同时从点A 同时出发,设点Q 移动时间为t (s),P 、Q 两点运动路线与线段PQ 围成的图形面积为S (cm2),求S 与t 的函数关系式.25.如图15,在△ABC 和△PQD 中,AC = k BC ,DP = k DQ ,∠C =∠PDQ ,D 、E 分别是AB 、AC 的中点,点P 在直线BC 上,连结EQ 交PC 于点H .PQE D CB A 图 14 y/千米16O -2080604020x/分图 13 yx O B A 图 12猜想线段EH 与AC 的数量关系,并证明你的猜想.26.如图18,抛物线F :c bx ax y ++=2的顶点为P ,抛物线:与y 轴交于点A ,与直线OP 交于点B .过点P 作PD ⊥x 轴于点D ,平移抛物线F 使其经过点A 、D 得到抛物线F ′:'+'+'=c x b x a y 2,抛物线F ′与x 轴的另一个交点为C .⑴当a = 1,b =-2,c = 3时,求点C 的坐标(直接写出答案); ⑵若a 、b 、c 满足了ac b 22=①求b :b ′的值;②探究四边形OABC 的形状,并说明理由.Q(H)EDCQAB CDEPH H Q P ED CB A B(P)A图 15 图 16图 17yxO P DC BA图 18大连市2009年初中升学考试评分标准与参考答案一、选择题1. A 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.B 二、填空题9.3 10.2 11.110° 12.3.5 13.4114.7 15.3 16.2->x 17.6 三、解答题18.证明:∵BE=CF , ∴BE+EC=CF+EC ,即 B C =E F . ………………………………………………………………………………2分 在△ABC 和△DEF 中,314AB DE B BC EF =⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩,分,分. ∴△A B C ≌△D E F …………………………………………………………………………6分 (S A S ) . ……………………………………………………………………………………8分 ∴A C =D F …………………………………………………………………………………10分 (全等三角形对应边相等) . ……………………………………………………………12分 19.解:(1)0.9,……………………………………………………………………………2分 0.9; ………………………………………………………………………………………5分 (2) ①4.5;…………………………………………………………………………………8分 ②方法1:18÷0.9-5 …………………………………………………………………………………10分 =15.…………………………………………………………………………………………11分方法2:设还需移植这种树苗x 万棵.根据题意,得189.0)5(=⨯+x ,…………………………………………………………10分 解得15=x . ………………………………………………………………………………11分 答:该地区需移植这种树苗约15万棵. ………………………………………………12分 20. 解:(1) 30+x , ……………………………………………………………………2分 3900+x ;………………………………………………………………………………………4分 (2)根据题意,得30900600+=x x ,..................................................................7分 解得 60=x . (9)分 9030=+x . …………………………………………………………………10分 经检验60=x 是原方程的解,且都符合题意.………………………………………11分 答:甲车间每小时生产60个零件,乙车间每小时生产90个零件.…………………12分 21.(1)C D 是⊙O 的切线. …………………………………………………………………1分 证明:连接OD .∵∠A D E =60°,∠C =30°,∴∠A =30°. ............................................................2分 ∵O A =O D ,∴∠O D A =∠A =30°. (3)分∴∠O D E =∠O D A +∠A D E =30°+60°=90°,∴O D ⊥C D .…………………………………4分 ∴C D 是⊙O 的切线. ……………………………………………………………………5分 (2)解:在Rt △ODC 中,∠ODC =90°, ∠C =30°, CD =33.∵t a n C =CDOD, …………………………………………………………………………6分 ∴O D =C D ·t a n C =33×33=3. (7)分 ∴O C =2O D =6.…………………………………………………………………………8分 ∵O B =O D =3,∴B C =O C -O B =6-3=3.………………………………………………9分22. 解:(1)直线2--=x y .令2,0-==y x 则,∴点B 坐标为(0,-2).………………………………………………1分 令2,0-==x y 则 ∴点A 坐标为(-2,0). ………………………………………………2分 设抛物线解析式为k h x a y +-=2)(. ∵抛物线顶点为A ,且经过点B ,∴2)2(+=x a y ,………………………………………………………………………4分∴-2=4a ,∴21-=a .…………………………………………………………………5分 ∴抛物线解析式为2)2(21+-=x y ,…………………………………………………5分∴22212---=x x y .………………………………………………………………6分(2)方法1:∵点C (m ,29-)在抛物线2)2(21+-=x y 上,∴29)2(212-=+-m ,9)2(2=+m ,………………………………………………7分解得11=m ,52-=m .……………………………………………………………9分 方法2:∵点C (m ,29-)在抛物线22212---=x x y 上,∴22212---m m 29-=,∴,0542=-+m m (7)分解得11=m ,52-=m .……………………………………………………………9分 23.解:(1)画出点P 、M 、N (每点得1分)……………………………………3分 (2)方法1.设直线EF 的解析式为11b x k y +=. 根据题意知,E (30,8),F (50,16),⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧+=+=分分5.1150164,11308 b k b k 解得⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-==.4,5211b k ∴452-=x y .①……………………………………………………………6分设直线MN 的解析式为22b x k y +=. 根据题意知,M (20,16),N (60,0),∴⎩⎨⎧+=+=分分8.6007,20162222 b k b k 解得⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=-=.24,5222b k ∴2452+-=x y .②………………………………………………………9分由①、②得方程452-x 2452+-=x ,解得x =35. ……………………………………(10分) 答:乙车出发35分钟两车相遇. ………………………………………………………10分 方法2.公交车的速度为16÷40=52(千米/分). …………………………………………………4分设乙车出发x 分钟两车相遇. ……………………………………………………………5分根据题意,得32)20(52)10(52=++-x x ,………………………………………………8分解得x =35. …………………………………………………………………………………9分 答:乙车出发35分钟两车相遇. ………………………………………………………10分 方法3.公交车的速度为16÷40=52(千米/分). …………………………………………………4分设乙车出发x 分钟两车相遇. ……………………………………………………………5分根据题意,得16)20(52)10(52=-+-x x ,………………………………………………8分解得x =35. …………………………………………………………………………………9分 答:乙车出发35分钟两车相遇. ………………………………………………………10分 方法4.由题意知:M (20,16),F (50,16),C (10,0),∵△DMF ∽△DNC ,∴DHDICN MF =∴DHDH -=165030,∴DH =10; ∵△CDH ∽△CFG ,∴CGCH FG DH =,∴25164010=⨯=CH ; ∴OH =OC +CH =10+25=35.答:乙车出发35分钟两车相遇. …………………………………………………………10分24.解:在R t △A D E 中,.5432222=+=+=DE AD AE …………………………1分当0<t ≤3时,如图1. ……………………………………………………………………2分过点Q 作QM ⊥AB 于M ,连接QP . ∵AB ∥CD , ∴∠QAM =∠DEA ,又∵∠AMQ =∠D =90°, ∴△AQM ∽△EAD .∴AEAQAD QM =,∴t AE AQ AD QM 53=⋅=.……………………………………………………3分 .5353221212t t t QM AP S =⨯⨯=⋅= (4)分 当3<t ≤29时,如图2. (5)分方法1 :在Rt △ADE 中,.5432222=+=+=DE AD AE过点Q 作QM ⊥AB 于M , QN ⊥BC 于N , 连接QB . ∵AB ∥CD , ∴∠QAM =∠DEA , 又∵∠AMQ =∠ADE =90°, ∴△AQM ∽△EAD . ∴AE AQ AD QM =, AEAQ DE AM =, ∴t AE AQ AD QM 53=⋅=.………………………………………………………………………6分t AE AQ DE AM 54=⋅=,∴Q N =t AM BM 5466-=-=.…………………………………7分∴QAB S ∆,595362121t t QM AB =⨯⨯=⋅=QBP S ∆.1854254)546)(62(21212-+-=--=⋅=t t t t QN BP∴QBP QAB S S S ∆∆+=t 59=+(18542542-+-t t ).18551542-+-=t t ……………………8分方法2 :过点Q 作QM ⊥AB 于M , QN ⊥BC 于N ,连接QB . ∵AB ∥BC , ∴∠QAM =∠DEA , 又∵∠AMQ =∠ADE =90°,∴△AQM ∽△EAD . ∴AE AQ AD QM =, AEAQ DE AM =, ∴t AE AQ AD QM 53=⋅=.………………………………………………………………………6分t AE AQ DE AM 54=⋅=,∴Q N =t AM BM 5466-=-=.…………………………………7分∴.256535421212t t t QM AM S AMQ =⨯⨯=⋅=∆.185512526)546)(5362(21)(212-+-=-+-=⋅+=t t t t t BM QM BP S BPQM 梯∴BPQM AMQ S S S 梯+=∆2256t =+(1855125262-+-t t ).18551542-+-=t t ……………8分 当29<t ≤5时. 方法1 :过点Q 作QH ⊥CD 于H . 如图3.由题意得QH ∥AD ,∴△EHQ ∽△EDA ,∴,AEQEAD QH = ∴).5(53t AE QE AD QH -=⋅=…………………………………………………………………10分 ∴,123)62(21)(21=⨯+=⋅+=BC AB EC S ABCE 梯,233106353)5(53)211(21212+-=-⨯-=⋅=∆t t t t QH EP S EQP∴EQP ABCE S S S ∆-=梯12=2331063532-+-t t .291063532-+-=t t ………………………11分方法2:连接QB 、QC ,过点Q 分别作QH ⊥DC 于H ,QM ⊥AB 于M ,QN ⊥BC 于N . 如图4.由题意得QH ∥AD ,∴△EHQ ∽△EDA ,∴,AEQEAD QH =∴).5(53t AE QE AD QH -=⋅=…………………………………………………………………10分∴.595362121t t QN AB S QAB =⨯⨯=⋅=∆.569)546(32121t t QN BC S QBC -=-⨯=⋅=∆.227105753)533)(92(21212-+-=--=⋅=∆t t t t QH PC S QCP∴QCP QBC QAB S S S S ∆∆∆++=t 59=)569(t -+)227105753(2-+-+t t .291063532-+-=t t ………………………………11分 25.结论:E H =21A C . (1)分 证明:取B C 边中点F ,连接D E 、D F . ……………………………………………………2分∵D 、E 、F 分别是边AB 、AC 、BC 的中点.∴DE ∥BC 且DE =21BC ,D F ∥A C 且D F =21A C , (4)分EC =21AC ∴四边形DFCE 是平行四边形.∴∠EDF=∠C .∵∠C =∠P D Q ,∴∠P D Q =∠E D F , ∴∠P D F =∠Q D E .…………………………6分又∵AC=kBC ,∴DF=kDE . ∵D P =k D Q ,∴k DEDFDQ DP ==.……………………………………………………………7分 ∴△PDF ∽△QDE . …………………………………………………………………………8分∴∠D E Q =∠D F P . ……………………………………………………………………………9分 又∵DE ∥BC ,DF ∥AC , ∴∠DEQ=∠EHC ,∠DFP=∠C .∴∠C =∠E H C . ……………………………………………………………………………10分∴E H =E C . (11)分 ∴E H =21A C . (12)分 选图16.结论:E H =21A C . (1)分 证明:取B C 边中点F ,连接D E 、D F . ……………………………………………2分∵D 、E 、F 分别是边AB 、AC 、BC 的中点,∴D E ∥B C 且D E =21B C , D F ∥A C 且D F =21A C , (4)分EC=21AC ,∴四边形DFCE 是平行四边形.∴∠EDF=∠C .∵∠C =∠P D Q ,∴∠P D Q =∠E D F , ∴∠P D F =∠Q D E . ……………………………6分 又∵A C =B C , ∴D E =D F ,∵P D =Q D ,∴△P D F ≌△Q D E . ……………………………7分∴∠DEQ=∠DFP .∵DE ∥BC ,DF ∥AC , ∴∠DEQ=∠EHC ,∠DFP=∠C .∴∠C =∠E H C .............................................................................................8分 ∴E H =E C . (9)分 ∴E H =21A C . (10)分 选图17. 结论: E H =21A C . (1)分证明:连接A H . ………………………………………………………………………………2分 ∵D 是AB 中点,∴DA=DB .又∵DB=DQ ,∴DQ=DP=AD .∴∠DBQ=∠DQB ,.∵∠DBQ+∠DQB+∠DQA+∠DAQ ,=180°,∴∠AQB=90°,∴AH ⊥BC .……………………………………………………………………………………4分又∵E 是A C 中点,∴H E =21A C . ……………………………………………………6分 26.解:(1) C (3,0);……………………………………………………………………3分(2)①抛物线c bx ax y ++=2,令x =0,则y =c , ∴A 点坐标(0,c ).∵ac b 22=,∴ 242424442ca ac a ac ac ab ac ==-=-,∴点P 的坐标为(2,2ca b -). ……………………………………………………4分∵P D ⊥x 轴于D ,∴点D 的坐标为(0,2ab-). ……………………………………5分根据题意,得a=a ′,c= c ′,∴抛物线F ′的解析式为c x b ax y ++='2.又∵抛物线F ′经过点D (0,2a b-),∴c a b b ab a +-+⨯=)2('4022.……………6分∴ac bb b 4'202+-=.又∵ac b 22=,∴'2302bb b -=.∴b :b ′=32.…………………………………………………………………………………7分 ②由①得,抛物线F ′为c bx ax y ++=232.令y =0,则0232=++c bx ax .………………………………………………………………8分∴abx a b x -=-=21,2.∵点D 的横坐标为,2a b -∴点C 的坐标为(0,ab-). ……………………………………9分设直线OP 的解析式为kx y =.∵点P 的坐标为(2,2ca b -), ∴k a b c 22-=,∴22222b b b b ac b ac k -=-=-=-=,∴x b y 2-=.………………………10分 ∵点B 是抛物线F 与直线OP 的交点,∴x bc bx ax 22-=++.∴abx a b x -=-=21,2.∵点P 的横坐标为a b 2-,∴点B 的横坐标为ab-.把a b x -=代入x b y 2-=,得c a aca b a b b y ===--=222)(22.∴点B 的坐标为),(c ab-.…………………………………………………………………11分∴BC ∥OA ,AB ∥OC .(或BC ∥OA ,BC =OA ), ∴四边形OABC 是平行四边形. 又∵∠AOC =90°,∴四边形OABC 是矩形. ………………………………………………12分。
2009年广东中山中考数学试卷及答案(word)
2009年广东省中山市初中毕业生学业考试数 学说明:1.全卷共4页,考试用时100分钟,满分为120分.2.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔在答题卡填写自己的准考证号、姓名、试室号、座位号.用2B 铅笔把对应该号码的标号涂黑.3.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试题上.4.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答、答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液.不按以上要求作答的答案无效.5.考生务必保持答题卡的整洁.考试结束时,将试卷和答题卡一并交回.一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分)在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一个是正确的,请把答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑. 1.4的算术平方根是( ) A .2±B .2C.D2.计算32()a 结果是( ) A .6aB .9aC .5aD .8a3.如图所示几何体的主(正)视图是( )A .C .4.《广东省2009年重点建设项目计划(草案)》显示,港珠澳大桥工程估算总投资726亿元,用科学记数法表示正确的是( )A . 107.2610⨯元 B .972.610⨯元 C .110.72610⨯元 D .117.2610⨯元 5.方程组223010x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩的解是( )A .1113x y =⎧⎨=⎩ 2213x y =-⎧⎨=-⎩ B .12123311x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨=-=⎩⎩ C . 12123311x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨==-⎩⎩ D.12121133x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨=-=⎩⎩ 二、填空题:(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)请将下列各题的正确答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上.6.分解因式2233x y x y --- .7.已知O ⊙的直径8cm AB C =,为O ⊙上的一点,30BAC ∠=°,则BC = cm .8.一种商品原价120元,按八折(即原价的80%)出售,则现售价应为 元.9.在一个不透明的布袋中装有2个白球和n 个黄球,它们除颜色不同外,其余均相同.若从中随机摸出一个球,摸到黄球的概率是45,则n =_____________.10.用同样规格的黑白两种颜色的正方形瓷砖,按下图的方式铺地板,则第(3)个图形中有黑色瓷砖 块,第n 个图形中需要黑色瓷砖________块(用含n 的代数式表示).……(1) (2) (3)三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每小题6分,共30分) 11.(本题满分6分)计算:1sin 30π+32-+0°+(). 12.(本题满分6分)解方程22111x x =--- 13.(本题满分6分)如图所示,ABC △是等边三角形, D 点是AC 的中点,延长BC 到E ,使CE CD =,(1)用尺规作图的方法,过D 点作DM BE ⊥,垂足是M (不写作法,保留作图痕迹); (2)求证:BM EM =.14.(本题满分6分)已知:关于x 的方程2210x kx +-=(1)求证:方程有两个不相等的实数根;(2)若方程的一个根是1-,求另一个根及k 值.15.(本题满分6分)如图所示,A 、B 两城市相距100km ,现计划在这两座城市间修建一条高速公路(即线段AB ),经测量,森林保护中心P 在A 城市的北偏东30°和B 城市的北偏西45°的方向上,已知森林保护区的范围在以P 点为圆心,50km 为半径的圆形区域内,请问计划修建的这条高速公路会不会穿越保护第7题图B第10题图 AD第13题图30° A BFE P45°第15题图1.732 1.414)四、解答题(二)(本大题4小题,每小题7分,共28分) 16.(本题满分7分)某种电脑病毒传播非常快,如果一台电脑被感染,经过两轮感染后就会有81台电脑被感染.请你用学过的知识分析,每轮感染中平均一台电脑会感染几台电脑?若病毒得不到有效控制,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会不会超过700台? 17.(本题满分7分)某中学学生会为了解该校学生喜欢球类活动的情况,采取抽样调查的方法,从足球、乒乓球、篮球、排球等四个方面调查了若干名学生的兴趣爱好,并将调查的结果绘制成如下的两幅不完整的统计图(如图1,图2要求每位同学只能选择一种自己喜欢的球类;图中用乒乓球、足球、排球、篮球代表喜欢这四种球类中的某一种球类的学生人数),请你根据图中提供的信息解答下列问题:(1)在这次研究中,一共调查了多少名学生?(2)喜欢排球的人数在扇形统计图中所占的圆心角是多少度? (3)补全频数分布折线统计图.18.(本题满分7分)在ABCD 中,10AB =,AD m =,60D ∠=°,以AB 为直径作O ⊙, (1)求圆心O 到CD 的距离(用含m 的代数式来表示); (2)当m 取何值时,CD 与O ⊙相切.19.(本题满分7分)如图所示,在矩形ABCD 中,12AB AC =,=20,两条对角线相交于点O .以OB 、OC 为邻边作第1个平行四边形1OBB C ,对角线相交于点1A ,再以11A B 、图2乒乓球20% 足球排球 篮球40%图1 第17题图 第18题图1A C 为邻边作第2个平行四边形111A B C C ,对角线相交于点1O ;再以11O B 、11O C 为邻边作第3个平行四边形1121O B B C ……依次类推. (1)求矩形ABCD 的面积;(2)求第1个平行四边形1OBB C 、第2个平行四边形111A B C C 和第6个平行四边形的面积.五、解答题(三)(本大题3小题,每小题9分,共27分) 20、(本题满分9分)(1)如图1,圆心接ABC △中,AB BC CA ==,OD 、OE 为O ⊙的半径,OD BC ⊥于点F ,OE AC ⊥于点G ,求证:阴影部分四边形OFCG 的面积是ABC △的面积的13.(2)如图2,若DOE ∠保持120°角度不变, 求证:当DOE ∠绕着O 点旋转时,由两条半径和ABC △的两条边围成的图形(图中阴影部分)面积始终是ABC △的面积的13.21.(本题满分9分)小明用下面的方法求出方程30=的解,请你仿照他的方法求A 1O 1A 2B 2 B 1C 1 B C 2A OD第19题图 C 第20题图D 图1 图222.(本题满分9分)正方形ABCD 边长为4,M 、N 分别是BC 、CD 上的两个动点,当M 点在BC 上运动时,保持AM 和MN 垂直,(1)证明:Rt Rt ABM MCN △∽△;(2)设BM x =,梯形ABCN 的面积为y ,求y 与x 之间的函数关系式;当M 点运动到什么位置时,四边形ABCN 面积最大,并求出最大面积; (3)当M 点运动到什么位置时Rt Rt ABM AMN △∽△,求x 的值.广东省中山市2009年初中毕业生学业考试数学试题参考答案及评分建议一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分) 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D二、填空题(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)6.()(3)x y x y +-- 7.4 8.96 9.8 10.10,31n + 三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每题6分,共30分) 11.解:原式=113122+-+ ··················································································· 4分 =4. ······························································································· 6分12.解:方程两边同时乘以(1)(1)x x +-, ······························································· 2分 2(1)x =-+, ···································································································· 4分 3x =-, ··········································································································· 5分 经检验:3x =-是方程的解. ················································································ 6分 13.解:(1)作图见答案13题图,··························································· 2分NDA CB M第22题图答案13题图AC BDE M(2)ABC △是等边三角形,D 是AC 的中点,BD ∴平分ABC ∠(三线合一), 2ABC DBE ∴∠=∠. ························································································· 4分 CE CD =,CED CDE ∴∠=∠.又ACB CED CDE ∠=∠+∠,2ACB E ∴∠=∠. ····························································································· 5分 又ABC ACB ∠=∠, 22DBC E ∴∠=∠, DBC E ∴∠=∠, BD DE ∴=. 又DM BE ⊥,BM EM ∴=. ·································································································· 6分 14.解:(1)2210x kx +-=,2242(1)8k k ∆=-⨯⨯-=+, ·············································································· 2分无论k 取何值,2k ≥0,所以280k +>,即0∆>,∴方程2210x kx +-=有两个不相等的实数根. ························································ 3分(2)设2210x kx +-=的另一个根为x ,则12k x -=-,1(1)2x -=-,·············································································· 4分 解得:12x =,1k =,∴2210x kx +-=的另一个根为12,k 的值为1. ····················································· 6分15.解:过点P 作PC AB ⊥,C 是垂足,则30APC ∠=°,45BPC ∠=°, ····································· 2分tan30AC PC =°,tan 45BC PC =°,AC BC AB +=, ························································ 4分 tan30tan 45100PC PC ∴+=°°,1100PC ⎫∴+=⎪⎪⎝⎭, ··················································· 5分 50(350(3 1.732)63.450PC ∴=⨯->≈≈,答:森林保护区的中心与直线AB 的距离大于保护区的半径,所以计划修筑的这条高速公路不会穿越保护区.································································································ 6分 四、解答题(二)(本大题4小题,每小题7分,共28分) 16.解:设每轮感染中平均每一台电脑会感染x 台电脑, ············································ 1分 依题意得:1(1)81x x x +++=, ··········································································· 3分答案15题图A BF E P C2(1)81x +=,19x +=或19x +=-,12810x x ==-,(舍去),··················································································· 5分 33(1)(18)729700x +=+=>. ············································································ 6分答:每轮感染中平均每一台电脑会感染8台电脑,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会超过700台. ························································································································ 7分 17.解:(1)2020%100÷=(人). ····································································· 1分(2)30100%30%100⨯=, ··················································································· 2分 120%40%30%10%---=,36010%36⨯=°°. ···························································································· 3分 (3)喜欢篮球的人数:40%10040⨯=(人), ························································ 4分 喜欢排球的人数:10%10010⨯=(人). ································································ 5分······················· 7分18.解:(1)分别过A O ,两点作AE CD OF CD ⊥⊥,,垂足分别为点E ,点F , AE OF OF ∴∥,就是圆心O 到CD 的距离. 四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,AB CD AE OF ∴∴=∥,. ·················································································· 2分在Rt ADE △中,60sin sin 60AE AED D AD AD∠=∠==°,,°, 答案17题图答案18题图(1)答案18题图(2)AE AE m OF AE m ====,,, ························································ 4分 圆心到CD 的距离OF. ··········································································· 5分 (2)32OF m =, 为O ⊙的直径,且10AB =,当5OF =时,CD 与O ⊙相切于F点,即523m m ==, (6)分 当3m =时,CD 与O ⊙相切. ······································································· 7分 19.解:(1)在Rt ABC△中,16BC =,1216192ABCD S AB BC ==⨯=矩形. ······································································ 2分(2)矩形ABCD ,对角线相交于点O ,4ABCD OBC S S ∴=△. ···························································································· 3分四边形1OBB C 是平行四边形,11OB CB OC BB ∴∥,∥,11OBC B CB OCB B BC ∴∠=∠∠=∠,.又BC CB =,1OBC B CB ∴△≌△,112962OBB C OBC ABCD S S S ∴===△, ······································································· 5分 同理,111111148222A B C C OBB C ABCD S S S ==⨯⨯=, ························································ 6分第6个平行四边形的面积为6132ABCD S =. ······························································· 7分五、解答题(三)(本大题3小题,每小题9分,共27分) 20.证明:(1)如图1,连结OA OC ,, 因为点O 是等边三角形ABC 的外心,所以Rt Rt Rt OFC OGC OGA △≌△≌△. ····························· 2分答案20题图(1)AE O G FBCD2OFCG OFC OAC S S S ==△△,因为13OAC ABC S S =△△, 所以13OFCGABC S S =△. ························································································ 4分 (2)解法一: 连结OA OB ,和OC ,则AOC COB BOA △≌△≌△,12∠=∠, ··························· 5分 不妨设OD 交BC 于点F ,OE 交AC 于点G ,3412054120AOC DOE ∠=∠+∠=∠=∠+∠=°,°,35∴∠=∠. ······································································· 7分 在OAG △和OCF △中, 1235OA OC ∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩,,,OAG OCF ∴△≌△, ························································································· 8分 13OFCG AOC ABC S S S ∴==△△. ··············································································· 9分 解法二: 不妨设OD 交BC 于点F ,OE 交AC 于点G , 作OH BC OK AC ⊥⊥,,垂足分别为H K 、, ·················· 5分 在四边形HOKC 中,9060OHC OKC C ∠=∠=∠=°,°, 360909060120HOK ∴∠=-︒-︒=︒°-?, ························ 6分 即12120∠+∠=°.又23120GOF ∠=∠+∠=°,13∴∠=∠. ····································································································· 7分 AC BC =, OH OK ∴=,OGK OFH ∴△≌△, ························································································ 8分 13OFCG OHCK ABC S S S ∴==△. ················································································ 9分答案20题图(2)A E O GFB C D 1 2 3 45 答案第20题图(3) A EOGF B C D 1 3 2H K22.解:(1)在正方形中,, AM MN ⊥,90AMN ∴∠=°,90CMN AMB ∴∠+∠=°.在Rt ABM △中,90MAB AMB ∠+∠=°, CMN MAB ∴∠=∠,Rt Rt ABM MCN ∴△∽△. ··········································· 2分 (2)Rt Rt ABM MCN △∽△,44AB BM xMC CN x CN∴=∴=-,, 244x x CN -+∴=, ···························································································· 4分22214114428(2)102422ABCNx x y S x x x ⎛⎫-+∴==+=-++=--+ ⎪⎝⎭梯形, 当2x =时,y 取最大值,最大值为10. ································································· 6分 (3)90B AMN ∠=∠=°,∴要使ABM AMN △∽△,必须有AM ABMN BM=, ··················································· 7分 由(1)知AM ABMN MC=, BM MC ∴=,∴当点M 运动到BC 的中点时,ABM AMN △∽△,此时2x =.····························· 9分(其它正确的解法,参照评分建议按步给分)N DA CBM答案22题图。
广东省中考数学试卷Word版有答案
2009年广东省初中毕业生学业考试数学说明:全卷共4页,考试用时100分钟,满分120分.一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分)在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一个是正确的,请把答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑.1.4的算术平方根是()A.±2B.2C.D.2.计算结果是()A. B. C. D.3.如图所示几何体的主(正)视图是()4.《广东省2009年重点建设项目计划(草案)》显示,港珠澳大桥工程估算总投资726亿元,用科学计数法表示正确的是()A. B.元 C.元 D.元5.如图所示的矩形纸片,先沿虚线按箭头方向向右对折,接着将对折后的纸片沿虚线剪下一个小圆和一个小三角形,然后将纸片打开是下列图中的哪一个()A B C D二、填空题(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)请将下列各题的正确答案填在答题卡相应的位置上.6.分解因式=_______________________.7.已知⊙O的直径AB=8cm,C为⊙O上的一点,∠BAC=30°,则BC=_________cm.8.一种商品原价120元,按八折(即原价的80%)出售,则现售价应为__________元.9.在一个不透明的布袋中装有2个白球和n个黄球,它们除颜色不同外,其余均相同,若从中随机摸出一球,摸到黄球的概率是,则n=__________________.10.用同样规格的黑白两种颜色的正方形瓷砖,按下图的方式铺地板,则第(3)个图形中有黑色瓷砖________块,第n个图形中需要黑色瓷砖_______________块(用含n的代数式表示).三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每小题6分,共30分)11.计算sin30°+.12.解方程13.如图所示,在平面直角坐标系中,一次函数的图像与反比例函数的图像在第一象限相交于点A,过点A分别作x轴、y轴的垂线,垂足为点B、C.边形OBAC是正方形,求一次函数的关系式.14.如图所示,△ABC是等边三角形,D点是AC延长BC到E,使CE=CD.(1)用尺规作图的方法,过D点作DM⊥BE,垂足是M(不写作法,保留作图痕迹);(2)求证:BM=EM.B第14题图15.如图所示,A、B两城市相距100km.现计划在这两座城市间修筑一条高速公路(即线段AB),经测量,森林保护中心P在A城市的北偏东30°和B城市的北偏西45°的方向上.已知森林保护区的范围在以P点为圆心,50km为半径的圆形区域内.请问计划修筑的这条高速公路会不会穿越保护区.为什么?(参考数据:)四、解答题(二)(本大题4小题,每小题7分,共28分)16.某种电脑病毒传播非常快,如果一台电脑被感染,经过两轮被感染后就会有81台电脑被感染.请你用学过的知识分析,每轮感染中平均一台电脑会感染几台电脑?若病毒得不到有效控制,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会不会超过700台?17.某中学学生会为了解该校学生喜欢球类活动的情况,采取抽样调查地方法,从足球、乒乓球、篮球、排球等四个方面调查了若干名学生的兴趣爱好,并将调查的结果绘制成如下的两幅不完整的统计图(如图1、图2,要求每位同学只能选择一种自己喜欢的球类;图中用乒乓球、足球、排球、篮球代表喜欢这四种球类中的某一种球类的学生人数),请你根据图中提供的信息解答下列问题:(1)在这次研究中,一共调查了多少位学生?(2)喜欢排球的人数在扇形统计图中所占的圆心角是多少度?B 1 阴影部分四边形 OFCG 的面积是△ABC 的面积的.2 (2)如图 2,若∠DOE 保持 120°角度不变,求证:当∠DOE 绕着 O 点旋转时,由两条半径和△C ABC 的两条边 A 2(3)补全频数分布折线统计图.18. 在菱形 ABCD 中,对角线 AC 与 BD 相交于点 O ,AB=5,AC=6.过D点作 DE∥AC 交BC的延长线于点E. (1)求△BDE 的周长;(2)点P为线段 BC 上的点,连接 PO 并延长交 AD 于点 Q.求证:BP=DQ. AQOD BPCE第18题图19. 如图所示,在矩形 ABCD 中,AB=12,AC=20,两条对角线相交于点 O.以 OB 、OC 为邻边作第 1 个平行四边 形,对角线相交于点;再以为邻边作第 2 个平行四边形,对角线相交于点;再以为 邻边作第 3 个平行四边形……依此类推.(1)求矩形 ABCD 的面积;(2)求第 1 个平行四边形 OBB 1C 、第 2 个 AD平行四边形 和第 6 个平行四边形的面积.O五、解答题(三)(本大题 3 小题,每小题 9 分,共 27 分)B A 1O 1C20.(1)如图 △1,圆内接 ABC 中,AB=BC=CA ,OD 、OE 为⊙O 的半径,OD ⊥BC 于点 F ,OE ⊥AC 于点 G ,求证: C 1 B 2围成的图形(图中阴影部分)面积始终是△ABC 的面积的.第19题图A图1图2第20题图21. 小明用下面的方法求出方程的解,请你仿照他的方法求出下面另外两个方程的解,并把你的解答过程填写在下面的表格中.22. 正方形 ABCD 边长为 4,M 、N 分别是 BC 、CD 上的两个动点,当 M 点在 BC 上运动时,保持 AM 和 MN 垂直, (1)证明:△R t ABM ∽△R t MCN ;(2)设 BM=x ,梯形 ABCN 的面积为 y ,求 y 与 x 之间的函数关系式;当 M 点运动到什么位置时,四边形 ABCN 的面积最大,并求出最大面积;(3)当 M 点运动到什么位置时 △R t ABM ∽△R t AMN , 求此时 x 的值.2009 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试数学参考答案一、选择题1.B2.A3.B4.A5.C 二、填空题6.2x(x+2)(x-2);7.4;8.96;9.8;10.10,3n+1. 三、解答题(一) 11. 解:12.解:去分母得:2=-(x+1)解得:x=-3检验:当 x=-3 时,分母 所以原方程的解是:x=-3.13.解:,∴OB=AB=3, ∴点A的坐标为(3,3)∵点A在一次函数y=kx+1的图像上, ∴3k+1=3,解得:k=∴一次函数的关系式是:14.(1)作图(略)3 t 02x 2 x 3 0(2)证明:∵△ABC是等边三角形,∴AB=BC,∠ABC=∠ACB=60°∵AD=CD,∴∠CBD=∠ABD=30°∵CD=CE,∠ACB=∠E+∠CDE=60°,∴∠E=30°∴∠E=∠CBD,∴BD=DE∵DM⊥BE,∴BM=EM.15.解:过点P作PQ⊥AB于Q,则有∠APQ=30°,∠BPQ=45°设PQ=x,则PQ=BQ=x,AP=2AQ=2(100-x).R t APQ中,在△∵tan∠APQ=tan30º=,即.∴又∵>50,∴计划修筑的这条高速公路会穿越保护区。
2009年广东省中山市初中毕业生学业考试
2009年广东省中山市初中毕业生学业考试数 学说明:1.全卷共4页,考试用时100分钟,满分为120分.2.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔在答题卡填写自己的准考证号、姓名、试室号、座位号.用2B 铅笔把对应该号码的标号涂黑.3.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试题上.4.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答、答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液.不按以上要求作答的答案无效.5.考生务必保持答题卡的整洁.考试结束时,将试卷和答题卡一并交回.一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分)在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一个是正确的,请把答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑. 1.4的算术平方根是( ) A .2±B .2C.D2.计算32()a 结果是( ) A .6aB .9aC .5aD .8a3.如图所示几何体的主(正)视图是( )A .C .4.《广东省2009年重点建设项目计划(草案)》显示,港珠澳大桥工程估算总投资726亿元,用科学记数法表示正确的是( )A . 107.2610⨯元 B .972.610⨯元 C .110.72610⨯元 D .117.2610⨯元 5.方程组223010x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩的解是( )A .1113x y =⎧⎨=⎩ 2213x y =-⎧⎨=-⎩ B .12123311x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨=-=⎩⎩ C . 12123311x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨==-⎩⎩ D.12121133x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨=-=⎩⎩ 二、填空题:(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)请将下列各题的正确答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上.6.分解因式2233x y x y --- .7.已知O ⊙的直径8cm AB C =,为O ⊙上的一点,30BAC ∠=°,则BC = cm .8.一种商品原价120元,按八折(即原价的80%)出售,则现售价应为 元.9.在一个不透明的布袋中装有2个白球和n 个黄球,它们除颜色不同外,其余均相同.若从中随机摸出一个球,摸到黄球的概率是45,则n =_____________.10.用同样规格的黑白两种颜色的正方形瓷砖,按下图的方式铺地板,则第(3)个图形中有黑色瓷砖 块,第n 个图形中需要黑色瓷砖________块(用含n 的代数式表示).……(1) (2) (3)三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每小题6分,共30分) 11.(本题满分6分)计算:1sin 30π+32-+0°+(). 12.(本题满分6分)解方程22111x x =--- 13.(本题满分6分)如图所示,ABC △是等边三角形, D 点是AC 的中点,延长BC 到E ,使CE CD =,(1)用尺规作图的方法,过D 点作DM BE ⊥,垂足是M (不写作法,保留作图痕迹); (2)求证:BM EM =.14.(本题满分6分)已知:关于x 的方程2210x kx +-=(1)求证:方程有两个不相等的实数根;(2)若方程的一个根是1-,求另一个根及k 值.15.(本题满分6分)如图所示,A 、B 两城市相距100km ,现计划在这两座城市间修建一条高速公路(即线段AB ),经测量,森林保护中心P 在A 城市的北偏东30°和B 城市的北偏西45°的方向上,已知森林保护区的范围在以P 点为圆心,50km 为半径的圆形区域内,请问计划修建的这条高速公路会不会穿越保护第7题图B第10题图 AD第13题图30° A BFE P45°第15题图1.732 1.414)四、解答题(二)(本大题4小题,每小题7分,共28分) 16.(本题满分7分)某种电脑病毒传播非常快,如果一台电脑被感染,经过两轮感染后就会有81台电脑被感染.请你用学过的知识分析,每轮感染中平均一台电脑会感染几台电脑?若病毒得不到有效控制,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会不会超过700台? 17.(本题满分7分)某中学学生会为了解该校学生喜欢球类活动的情况,采取抽样调查的方法,从足球、乒乓球、篮球、排球等四个方面调查了若干名学生的兴趣爱好,并将调查的结果绘制成如下的两幅不完整的统计图(如图1,图2要求每位同学只能选择一种自己喜欢的球类;图中用乒乓球、足球、排球、篮球代表喜欢这四种球类中的某一种球类的学生人数),请你根据图中提供的信息解答下列问题:(1)在这次研究中,一共调查了多少名学生?(2)喜欢排球的人数在扇形统计图中所占的圆心角是多少度? (3)补全频数分布折线统计图.18.(本题满分7分)在ABCD 中,10AB =,AD m =,60D ∠=°,以AB 为直径作O ⊙, (1)求圆心O 到CD 的距离(用含m 的代数式来表示); (2)当m 取何值时,CD 与O ⊙相切.19.(本题满分7分)如图所示,在矩形ABCD 中,12AB AC =,=20,两条对角线相交于点O .以OB 、OC 为邻边作第1个平行四边形1OBB C ,对角线相交于点1A ,再以11A B 、图2乒乓球20% 足球排球 篮球40%图1 第17题图 第18题图1A C 为邻边作第2个平行四边形111A B C C ,对角线相交于点1O ;再以11O B 、11O C 为邻边作第3个平行四边形1121O B B C ……依次类推. (1)求矩形ABCD 的面积;(2)求第1个平行四边形1OBB C 、第2个平行四边形111A B C C 和第6个平行四边形的面积.五、解答题(三)(本大题3小题,每小题9分,共27分) 20、(本题满分9分)(1)如图1,圆心接ABC △中,AB BC CA ==,OD 、OE 为O ⊙的半径,OD BC ⊥于点F ,OE AC ⊥于点G ,求证:阴影部分四边形OFCG 的面积是ABC △的面积的13.(2)如图2,若DOE ∠保持120°角度不变, 求证:当DOE ∠绕着O 点旋转时,由两条半径和ABC △的两条边围成的图形(图中阴影部分)面积始终是ABC △的面积的13.21.(本题满分9分)小明用下面的方法求出方程30=的解,请你仿照他的方法求A 1O 1A 2B 2 B 1C 1 B C 2A OD第19题图 C 第20题图D 图1 图222.(本题满分9分)正方形ABCD 边长为4,M 、N 分别是BC 、CD 上的两个动点,当M 点在BC 上运动时,保持AM 和MN 垂直,(1)证明:Rt Rt ABM MCN △∽△;(2)设BM x =,梯形ABCN 的面积为y ,求y 与x 之间的函数关系式;当M 点运动到什么位置时,四边形ABCN 面积最大,并求出最大面积; (3)当M 点运动到什么位置时Rt Rt ABM AMN △∽△,求x 的值.广东省中山市2009年初中毕业生学业考试数学试题参考答案及评分建议一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分) 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D二、填空题(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)6.()(3)x y x y +-- 7.4 8.96 9.8 10.10,31n + 三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每题6分,共30分) 11.解:原式=113122+-+ ··················································································· 4分 =4. ······························································································· 6分12.解:方程两边同时乘以(1)(1)x x +-, ······························································· 2分 2(1)x =-+, ···································································································· 4分 3x =-, ··········································································································· 5分 经检验:3x =-是方程的解. ················································································ 6分 13.解:(1)作图见答案13题图,··························································· 2分NDA CB M第22题图答案13题图AC BDE M(2)ABC △是等边三角形,D 是AC 的中点,BD ∴平分ABC ∠(三线合一), 2ABC DBE ∴∠=∠. ························································································· 4分 CE CD =,CED CDE ∴∠=∠.又ACB CED CDE ∠=∠+∠,2ACB E ∴∠=∠. ····························································································· 5分 又ABC ACB ∠=∠, 22DBC E ∴∠=∠, DBC E ∴∠=∠, BD DE ∴=. 又DM BE ⊥,BM EM ∴=. ·································································································· 6分 14.解:(1)2210x kx +-=,2242(1)8k k ∆=-⨯⨯-=+, ·············································································· 2分无论k 取何值,2k ≥0,所以280k +>,即0∆>,∴方程2210x kx +-=有两个不相等的实数根. ························································ 3分(2)设2210x kx +-=的另一个根为x ,则12k x -=-,1(1)2x -=-,·············································································· 4分 解得:12x =,1k =,∴2210x kx +-=的另一个根为12,k 的值为1. ····················································· 6分15.解:过点P 作PC AB ⊥,C 是垂足,则30APC ∠=°,45BPC ∠=°, ····································· 2分tan30AC PC =°,tan 45BC PC =°,AC BC AB +=, ························································ 4分 tan30tan 45100PC PC ∴+=°°,1100PC ⎫∴+=⎪⎪⎝⎭, ··················································· 5分 50(350(3 1.732)63.450PC ∴=⨯->≈≈,答:森林保护区的中心与直线AB 的距离大于保护区的半径,所以计划修筑的这条高速公路不会穿越保护区.································································································ 6分 四、解答题(二)(本大题4小题,每小题7分,共28分) 16.解:设每轮感染中平均每一台电脑会感染x 台电脑, ············································ 1分 依题意得:1(1)81x x x +++=, ··········································································· 3分答案15题图A BF E P C2(1)81x +=,19x +=或19x +=-,12810x x ==-,(舍去),··················································································· 5分 33(1)(18)729700x +=+=>. ············································································ 6分答:每轮感染中平均每一台电脑会感染8台电脑,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会超过700台. ························································································································ 7分 17.解:(1)2020%100÷=(人). ····································································· 1分(2)30100%30%100⨯=, ··················································································· 2分 120%40%30%10%---=,36010%36⨯=°°. ···························································································· 3分 (3)喜欢篮球的人数:40%10040⨯=(人), ························································ 4分 喜欢排球的人数:10%10010⨯=(人). ································································ 5分······················· 7分18.解:(1)分别过A O ,两点作AE CD OF CD ⊥⊥,,垂足分别为点E ,点F , AE OF OF ∴∥,就是圆心O 到CD 的距离. 四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,AB CD AE OF ∴∴=∥,. ·················································································· 2分在Rt ADE △中,60sin sin 60AE AED D AD AD∠=∠==°,,°, 答案17题图答案18题图(1)答案18题图(2)AE AE m OF AE m ====,,, ························································ 4分 圆心到CD 的距离OF. ··········································································· 5分 (2)32OF m =, 为O ⊙的直径,且10AB =,当5OF =时,CD 与O ⊙相切于F点,即523m m ==, (6)分 当3m =时,CD 与O ⊙相切. ······································································· 7分 19.解:(1)在Rt ABC△中,16BC =,1216192ABCD S AB BC ==⨯=矩形. ······································································ 2分(2)矩形ABCD ,对角线相交于点O ,4ABCD OBC S S ∴=△. ···························································································· 3分四边形1OBB C 是平行四边形,11OB CB OC BB ∴∥,∥,11OBC B CB OCB B BC ∴∠=∠∠=∠,.又BC CB =,1OBC B CB ∴△≌△,112962OBB C OBC ABCD S S S ∴===△, ······································································· 5分 同理,111111148222A B C C OBB C ABCD S S S ==⨯⨯=, ························································ 6分第6个平行四边形的面积为6132ABCD S =. ······························································· 7分五、解答题(三)(本大题3小题,每小题9分,共27分) 20.证明:(1)如图1,连结OA OC ,, 因为点O 是等边三角形ABC 的外心,所以Rt Rt Rt OFC OGC OGA △≌△≌△. ····························· 2分答案20题图(1)AE O G FBCD2OFCG OFC OAC S S S ==△△,因为13OAC ABC S S =△△, 所以13OFCGABC S S =△. ························································································ 4分 (2)解法一: 连结OA OB ,和OC ,则AOC COB BOA △≌△≌△,12∠=∠, ··························· 5分 不妨设OD 交BC 于点F ,OE 交AC 于点G ,3412054120AOC DOE ∠=∠+∠=∠=∠+∠=°,°,35∴∠=∠. ······································································· 7分 在OAG △和OCF △中, 1235OA OC ∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩,,,OAG OCF ∴△≌△, ························································································· 8分 13OFCG AOC ABC S S S ∴==△△. ··············································································· 9分 解法二: 不妨设OD 交BC 于点F ,OE 交AC 于点G , 作OH BC OK AC ⊥⊥,,垂足分别为H K 、, ·················· 5分 在四边形HOKC 中,9060OHC OKC C ∠=∠=∠=°,°, 360909060120HOK ∴∠=-︒-︒=︒°-?, ························ 6分 即12120∠+∠=°.又23120GOF ∠=∠+∠=°,13∴∠=∠. ····································································································· 7分 AC BC =, OH OK ∴=,OGK OFH ∴△≌△, ························································································ 8分 13OFCG OHCK ABC S S S ∴==△. ················································································ 9分答案20题图(2)A E O GFB C D 1 2 3 45 答案第20题图(3) A EOGF B C D 1 3 2H K22.解:(1)在正方形中,, AM MN ⊥,90AMN ∴∠=°,90CMN AMB ∴∠+∠=°.在Rt ABM △中,90MAB AMB ∠+∠=°, CMN MAB ∴∠=∠,Rt Rt ABM MCN ∴△∽△. ··········································· 2分 (2)Rt Rt ABM MCN △∽△,44AB BM xMC CN x CN∴=∴=-,, 244x x CN -+∴=, ···························································································· 4分22214114428(2)102422ABCNx x y S x x x ⎛⎫-+∴==+=-++=--+ ⎪⎝⎭梯形, 当2x =时,y 取最大值,最大值为10. ································································· 6分 (3)90B AMN ∠=∠=°,∴要使ABM AMN △∽△,必须有AM ABMN BM=, ··················································· 7分 由(1)知AM ABMN MC=, BM MC ∴=,∴当点M 运动到BC 的中点时,ABM AMN △∽△,此时2x =.····························· 9分(其它正确的解法,参照评分建议按步给分)N DA CBM答案22题图。
2009年广东省中山市初中毕业生学业考试
2009年广东省中山市初中毕业生学业考试数 学说明:1.全卷共4页,考试用时100分钟,满分为120分.2.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔在答题卡填写自己的准考证号、姓名、试室号、座位号.用2B 铅笔把对应该号码的标号涂黑.3.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试题上.4.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答、答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液.不按以上要求作答的答案无效.5.考生务必保持答题卡的整洁.考试结束时,将试卷和答题卡一并交回.一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分)在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一个是正确的,请把答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑. 1.4的算术平方根是( ) A .2±B .2C.D2.计算32()a 结果是( ) A .6aB .9aC .5aD .8a3.如图所示几何体的主(正)视图是( )C .4.《广东省2009年重点建设项目计划(草案)》显示,港珠澳大桥工程估算总投资726亿元,用科学记数法表示正确的是( )A . 107.2610⨯元 B .972.610⨯元 C .110.72610⨯元 D .117.2610⨯元5.方程组223010x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩的解是( ) A .1113x y =⎧⎨=⎩2213x y =-⎧⎨=-⎩ B .12123311x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨=-=⎩⎩ C . 12123311x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨==-⎩⎩ D.12121133x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨=-=⎩⎩ 二、填空题:(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)请将下列各题的正确答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上.6.分解因式2233x y x y --- .7.已知O ⊙的直径8cm AB C =,为O ⊙上的一点,30BAC ∠=°,则BC = cm .8.一种商品原价120元,按八折(即原价的80%)出售,则现售价应为 元.9.在一个不透明的布袋中装有2个白球和n 个黄球,它们除颜色不同外,其余均相同.若从中随机摸出一个球,摸到黄球的概率是45,则n =_____________.10.用同样规格的黑白两种颜色的正方形瓷砖,按下图的方式铺地板,则第(3)个图形中有黑色瓷砖 块,第n 个图形中需要黑色瓷砖________块(用含n 的代数式表示).……(1) (2) (3)三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每小题6分,共30分) 11.(本题满分6分)计算:1sin 30π+32-+0°+(). 12.(本题满分6分)解方程22111x x =--- 13.(本题满分6分)如图所示,ABC △是等边三角形, D 点是AC 的中点,延长BC 到E ,使CE CD =,(1)用尺规作图的方法,过D 点作DM BE ⊥,垂足是M (不写作法,保留作图痕迹); (2)求证:BM EM =.14.(本题满分6分)已知:关于x 的方程2210x kx +-=(1)求证:方程有两个不相等的实数根;(2)若方程的一个根是1-,求另一个根及k 值.15.(本题满分6分)如图所示,A 、B 两城市相距100km ,现计划在这两座城市间修建一条高速公路(即线段AB ),经测量,森林保护中心P 在A 城市的北偏东30°和B 城市的北偏西45°的方向上,已知森林保护区的范围在以P 点为圆心,50km 为半径的圆形区域内,请问计划修建的这条高速公路会不会穿越保护1.732 1.414)第7题图B第10题图 AD第13题图30° A BFE P45°第15题图四、解答题(二)(本大题4小题,每小题7分,共28分) 16.(本题满分7分)某种电脑病毒传播非常快,如果一台电脑被感染,经过两轮感染后就会有81台电脑被感染.请你用学过的知识分析,每轮感染中平均一台电脑会感染几台电脑?若病毒得不到有效控制,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会不会超过700台? 17.(本题满分7分)某中学学生会为了解该校学生喜欢球类活动的情况,采取抽样调查的方法,从足球、乒乓球、篮球、排球等四个方面调查了若干名学生的兴趣爱好,并将调查的结果绘制成如下的两幅不完整的统计图(如图1,图2要求每位同学只能选择一种自己喜欢的球类;图中用乒乓球、足球、排球、篮球代表喜欢这四种球类中的某一种球类的学生人数),请你根据图中提供的信息解答下列问题:(1)在这次研究中,一共调查了多少名学生?(2)喜欢排球的人数在扇形统计图中所占的圆心角是多少度? (3)补全频数分布折线统计图.18.(本题满分7分)在ABCD 中,10AB =,AD m =,60D ∠=°,以AB 为直径作O ⊙,(1)求圆心O 到CD 的距离(用含m 的代数式来表示); (2)当m 取何值时,CD 与O ⊙相切.19.(本题满分7分)如图所示,在矩形ABCD 中,12AB AC =,=20,两条对角线相交于点O .以OB 、OC 为邻边作第1个平行四边形1OBB C ,对角线相交于点1A ,再以11A B 、1AC 为邻边作第2个平行四边形111A B C C ,对角线相交于点1O ;再以11OB 、11OC 为邻边图2乒乓球20% 足球排球 篮球40%图1 第17题图 第18题图作第3个平行四边形1121O B B C ……依次类推. (1)求矩形ABCD 的面积;(2)求第1个平行四边形1OBB C 、第2个平行四边形111A B C C 和第6个平行四边形的面积.五、解答题(三)(本大题3小题,每小题9分,共27分) 20、(本题满分9分)(1)如图1,圆心接ABC △中,AB BC CA ==,OD 、OE 为O ⊙的半径,OD BC ⊥于点F ,OE AC ⊥于点G ,求证:阴影部分四边形OFCG 的面积是ABC △的面积的13.(2)如图2,若DOE ∠保持120°角度不变, 求证:当DOE ∠绕着O 点旋转时,由两条半径和ABC △的两条边围成的图形(图中阴影部分)面积始终是ABC △的面积的13.21.(本题满分9分)小明用下面的方法求出方程30=的解,请你仿照他的方法求出下面另外两个方程的解,并把你的解答过程填写在下面的表格中.A 1O 1A 2B 2 B 1C 1 B C 2A OD第19题图 C 第20题图D 图1 图222.(本题满分9分)正方形ABCD 边长为4,M 、N 分别是BC 、CD 上的两个动点,当M 点在BC 上运动时,保持AM 和MN 垂直,(1)证明:Rt Rt ABM MCN △∽△;(2)设BM x =,梯形ABCN 的面积为y ,求y 与x 之间的函数关系式;当M 点运动到什么位置时,四边形ABCN 面积最大,并求出最大面积; (3)当M 点运动到什么位置时Rt Rt ABM AMN △∽△,求x 的值.广东省中山市2009年初中毕业生学业考试数学试题参考答案及评分建议一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分) 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D二、填空题(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)6.()(3)x y x y +-- 7.4 8.96 9.8 10.10,31n + 三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每题6分,共30分) 11.解:原式=113122+-+ ··················································································· 4分 =4. ······························································································· 6分12.解:方程两边同时乘以(1)(1)x x +-, ······························································· 2分2(1)x =-+, ···································································································· 4分 3x =-, ··········································································································· 5分经检验:3x =-是方程的解. ················································································ 6分13.解:(1)作图见答案13题图,··························································· 2分 (2)ABC △是等边三角形,D 是AC 的中点, BD ∴平分ABC ∠(三线合一), 2ABC DBE ∴∠=∠. ························································································· 4分NDA C BM第22题图答案13题图AC BDE MCE CD =,CED CDE ∴∠=∠.又ACB CED CDE ∠=∠+∠, 2ACB E ∴∠=∠. ····························································································· 5分 又ABC ACB ∠=∠, 22DBC E ∴∠=∠, DBC E ∴∠=∠, BD DE ∴=. 又DM BE ⊥, BM EM ∴=. ·································································································· 6分14.解:(1)2210x kx +-=,2242(1)8k k ∆=-⨯⨯-=+, ·············································································· 2分 无论k 取何值,2k ≥0,所以280k +>,即0∆>,∴方程2210x kx +-=有两个不相等的实数根. ························································ 3分 (2)设2210x kx +-=的另一个根为x ,则12k x -=-,1(1)2x -=-,·············································································· 4分 解得:12x =,1k =,∴2210x kx +-=的另一个根为12,k 的值为1. ····················································· 6分 15.解:过点P 作PC AB ⊥,C 是垂足,则30APC ∠=°,45BPC ∠=°, ····································· 2分tan 30AC PC =°,tan 45BC PC =°,AC BC AB +=, ························································ 4分 tan 30tan 45100PC PC ∴+=°°,11003PC ⎛⎫∴+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭, ··················································· 5分 50(350(3 1.732)63.450PC ∴=⨯->≈≈,答:森林保护区的中心与直线AB 的距离大于保护区的半径,所以计划修筑的这条高速公路不会穿越保护区.································································································ 6分 四、解答题(二)(本大题4小题,每小题7分,共28分) 16.解:设每轮感染中平均每一台电脑会感染x 台电脑, ············································ 1分 依题意得:1(1)81x x x +++=, ··········································································· 3分2(1)81x +=,答案15题图A BF E P C19x +=或19x +=-,12810x x ==-,(舍去),··················································································· 5分 33(1)(18)729700x +=+=>. ············································································ 6分 答:每轮感染中平均每一台电脑会感染8台电脑,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会超过700台.························································································································ 7分 17.解:(1)2020%100÷=(人). ····································································· 1分(2)30100%30%100⨯=, ··················································································· 2分 120%40%30%10%---=, 36010%36⨯=°°. ···························································································· 3分 (3)喜欢篮球的人数:40%10040⨯=(人), ························································ 4分 喜欢排球的人数:10%10010⨯=(人). ································································ 5分······················· 7分18.解:(1)分别过A O ,两点作AE CD OF CD ⊥⊥,,垂足分别为点E ,点F ,AE OF OF ∴∥,就是圆心O 到CD 的距离. 四边形ABCD 是平行四边形, AB CD AE OF ∴∴=∥,. ·················································································· 2分在Rt ADE △中,60sin sin 60AE AED D AD AD∠=∠==°,,°,AE AE OF AE m ====,,, ························································ 4分 答案17题图答案18题图(1)答案18题图(2)圆心到CD 的距离OF为2. ··········································································· 5分 (2)32OF m =, 为O ⊙的直径,且10AB =,当5OF =时,CD 与O ⊙相切于F点,即523m ==,, ··················································································· 6分当m =时,CD 与O ⊙相切. ······································································· 7分 19.解:(1)在Rt ABC△中,16BC ==,1216192ABCD S AB BC ==⨯=矩形. ······································································ 2分 (2)矩形ABCD ,对角线相交于点O ,4ABCD OBC S S ∴=△. ···························································································· 3分 四边形1OBB C 是平行四边形,11OB CB OC BB ∴∥,∥,11OBC BCB OCB B BC ∴∠=∠∠=∠,. 又BC CB =,1OBC B CB ∴△≌△,112962OBB C OBC ABCD S S S ∴===△, ······································································· 5分 同理,111111148222A B C C OBB C ABCD S S S ==⨯⨯=, ························································ 6分第6个平行四边形的面积为6132ABCD S =. ······························································· 7分五、解答题(三)(本大题3小题,每小题9分,共27分) 20.证明:(1)如图1,连结OA OC ,, 因为点O 是等边三角形ABC 的外心,所以Rt Rt Rt OFC OGC OGA △≌△≌△. ····························· 2分2OFCG OFC OAC S S S ==△△,答案20题图(1)AE O G FBCD因为13OAC ABC S S =△△, 所以13OFCGABC S S =△. ························································································ 4分 (2)解法一:连结OA OB ,和OC ,则AOC COB BOA △≌△≌△,12∠=∠, ··························· 5分不妨设OD 交BC 于点F ,OE 交AC 于点G ,3412054120AOC DOE ∠=∠+∠=∠=∠+∠=°,°,35∴∠=∠. ······································································· 7分 在OAG △和OCF △中, 1235OA OC ∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩,,,OAG OCF ∴△≌△, ························································································· 8分13OFCG AOC ABC S S S ∴==△△. ··············································································· 9分解法二: 不妨设OD 交BC 于点F ,OE 交AC 于点G , 作OH BC OK AC ⊥⊥,,垂足分别为H K 、, ·················· 5分 在四边形HOKC 中,9060OHC OKC C ∠=∠=∠=°,°, 360909060120HOK ∴∠=-︒-︒=︒°-?, ························ 6分即12120∠+∠=°.又23120GOF ∠=∠+∠=°,13∴∠=∠. ····································································································· 7分 AC BC =, OH OK ∴=,OGK OFH ∴△≌△, ························································································ 8分13OFCG OHCK ABC S S S ∴==△. ················································································ 9分答案20题图(2)A E O GFB C D 1 2 3 45 答案第20题图(3) A EOGF B C D 1 3 2H K。
2009年---2014广东省中考数学试题及答案
C 2x (x+2) (x-2)依题意可得:xy=9=OB·OC,又四边形ABCD为正方形,所以OC=OB=3 所以有A(3,3),直线y=kx+1过点A,所以得3=3k+1,所以k=2/3故有直线y=2/3x+1(1)因为四边形ABCD为菱形,所以BE//AD,AC//DE,故四边形ABCD为平行四边形,则有AB=AD=BC=CE=5, 所以BE=BC+CE=10,……1分AC=DE=6,……2分又OA=1/2AC=(1/2)6=3,AB=5,OA垂直于OB,所以在Rt三角形AOB中有AB2=OB2+OA2所以OB=4=1/2BD,BD=8, ……3分故三角形BDE的周长为BD+DE+BE=8+6+10=24 ……4分(2)因为四边形ABCD为菱形,所以OB=OD,BE//AD,则角DBC=角ADB,又角BOP=角DOQ,所以三角形BOP全等于三角形DOQ ……6分故有BP=DQ ……7分机密☆启用前2010年广东中考数学试题及答案说明:1.全卷共4页,考试用时100分钟,满分为120分.2.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔在答题卡填写自己的准考证号、姓名、试室号、座位号.用2B 铅笔把对应该号码的标号涂黑.3.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用像皮檫干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试题上.4.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答、答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液.不按以上要求作答的答案无效.5.考生务必保持答题卡的整洁.考试结束时,将试卷和答题卡一并交回.一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分)在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一个是正确的,请把答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑.1.-3的相反数是( )A .3B .31C .-3D .13- 2.下列运算正确的是( )A .ab b a 532=+B .()b a b a -=-422C .()()22b a b a b a -=-+D . ()222b a b a +=+ 3.如图,已知∠1=70°,如果CD ∥BE ,那么∠B 的度数为( )A.70°B.100°C.110°D.120°4.某学习小组7位同学,为玉树地震灾区捐款,捐款金额分别为5元、6元、6元、7元、8元、9元,则这组数据的中位数与众数分别为( )A .6,6B .7,6C . 7,8D .6,85. 左下图为主视方向的几何体,它的俯视图是( )二、填空题(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)请将下列各题的正确答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上.6.根据新网上海6月1日电:世博会开园一个月来,客流平稳,累计到当晚19时,参观者已超过8000000人次,试用科学记数法表示8000000= .7.分式方程112=+x x 的解x = . 8.如图,已知R t △ABC 中,斜边BC 上的高AD =4,cosB =54,则 AC = .9.某市2007年、2009年商品房每平方米平均价格分别为4000元、5760元,假设2007年后的两 年内,商品房每平方米平均价格的年增长率都为x ,试列出关于x 的方程: .10.如图(1),已知小正方形ABCD 的面积为1,把它的各边延长一倍得到新正方形A 1B 1C 1D 1;把正方形A 1B 1C 1D 1边长按原法延长一倍得到新正方形A 2B 2C 2D 2(如图(2));以此下去…,则正方形A 4B 4C 4D 4的面积为 .三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每小题6分,共30分)11.计算:()001260cos 2214π-+-⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+-. 12. 先化简,再求值 ()x x x x x 224422+÷+++ ,其中 x = 2 .13. 如图,方格纸中的每个小方格都是边长为1个单位长度的正方形,R t △ABC 的顶点均在格点上,在建立平面直角坐标系以后,点A 的坐标为(-6,1),点B 的坐标为(-3,1),点C 的坐标为(-3,3).(1)将R t △ABC 沿X 轴正方向平移5个单位得到R t △A 1B 1C 1,试在图上画出R t △A 1B 1C 1的图形,并写出点A 1的坐标。
2009年广东省中山市初中毕业生学业考试
2009年广东省中山市初中毕业生学业考试数 学说明:1.全卷共4页,考试用时100分钟,满分为120分.2.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔在答题卡填写自己的准考证号、姓名、试室号、座位号.用2B 铅笔把对应该号码的标号涂黑.3.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试题上.4.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答、答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液.不按以上要求作答的答案无效.5.考生务必保持答题卡的整洁.考试结束时,将试卷和答题卡一并交回.一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分)在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一个是正确的,请把答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑. 1.4的算术平方根是( ) A .2±B .2C.D2.计算32()a 结果是( ) A .6aB .9aC .5aD .8a3.如图所示几何体的主(正)视图是( )C .4.《广东省2009年重点建设项目计划(草案)》显示,港珠澳大桥工程估算总投资726亿元,用科学记数法表示正确的是( )A . 107.2610⨯元 B .972.610⨯元 C .110.72610⨯元 D .117.2610⨯元5.方程组223010x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩的解是( ) A .1113x y =⎧⎨=⎩2213x y =-⎧⎨=-⎩ B .12123311x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨=-=⎩⎩ C . 12123311x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨==-⎩⎩ D.12121133x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨=-=⎩⎩ 二、填空题:(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)请将下列各题的正确答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上.6.分解因式2233x y x y --- .7.已知O ⊙的直径8cm AB C =,为O ⊙上的一点,30BAC ∠=°,则BC = cm .8.一种商品原价120元,按八折(即原价的80%)出售,则现售价应为 元.9.在一个不透明的布袋中装有2个白球和n 个黄球,它们除颜色不同外,其余均相同.若从中随机摸出一个球,摸到黄球的概率是45,则n =_____________.10.用同样规格的黑白两种颜色的正方形瓷砖,按下图的方式铺地板,则第(3)个图形中有黑色瓷砖 块,第n 个图形中需要黑色瓷砖________块(用含n 的代数式表示).……(1) (2) (3)三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每小题6分,共30分) 11.(本题满分6分)计算:1sin 30π+32-+0°+(). 12.(本题满分6分)解方程22111x x =--- 13.(本题满分6分)如图所示,ABC △是等边三角形, D 点是AC 的中点,延长BC 到E ,使CE CD =,(1)用尺规作图的方法,过D 点作DM BE ⊥,垂足是M (不写作法,保留作图痕迹); (2)求证:BM EM =.14.(本题满分6分)已知:关于x 的方程2210x kx +-=(1)求证:方程有两个不相等的实数根;(2)若方程的一个根是1-,求另一个根及k 值.15.(本题满分6分)如图所示,A 、B 两城市相距100km ,现计划在这两座城市间修建一条高速公路(即线段AB ),经测量,森林保护中心P 在A 城市的北偏东30°和B 城市的北偏西45°的方向上,已知森林保护区的范围在以P 点为圆心,50km 为半径的圆形区域内,请问计划修建的这条高速公路会不会穿越保护1.732 1.414)第7题图B第10题图 AD第13题图30° A BFE P45°第15题图四、解答题(二)(本大题4小题,每小题7分,共28分) 16.(本题满分7分)某种电脑病毒传播非常快,如果一台电脑被感染,经过两轮感染后就会有81台电脑被感染.请你用学过的知识分析,每轮感染中平均一台电脑会感染几台电脑?若病毒得不到有效控制,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会不会超过700台? 17.(本题满分7分)某中学学生会为了解该校学生喜欢球类活动的情况,采取抽样调查的方法,从足球、乒乓球、篮球、排球等四个方面调查了若干名学生的兴趣爱好,并将调查的结果绘制成如下的两幅不完整的统计图(如图1,图2要求每位同学只能选择一种自己喜欢的球类;图中用乒乓球、足球、排球、篮球代表喜欢这四种球类中的某一种球类的学生人数),请你根据图中提供的信息解答下列问题:(1)在这次研究中,一共调查了多少名学生?(2)喜欢排球的人数在扇形统计图中所占的圆心角是多少度? (3)补全频数分布折线统计图.18.(本题满分7分)在ABCD 中,10AB =,AD m =,60D ∠=°,以AB 为直径作O ⊙, (1)求圆心O 到CD 的距离(用含m 的代数式来表示); (2)当m 取何值时,CD 与O ⊙相切.19.(本题满分7分)如图所示,在矩形ABCD 中,12AB AC =,=20,两条对角线相交于点O .以OB 、OC 为邻边作第1个平行四边形1OBB C ,对角线相交于点1A ,再以11A B 、1A C 为邻边作第2个平行四边形111A B C C ,对角线相交于点1O ;再以11O B 、11O C 为邻边图2乒乓球20% 足球排球 篮球40%图1 第17题图 第18题图作第3个平行四边形1121O B B C ……依次类推. (1)求矩形ABCD 的面积;(2)求第1个平行四边形1OBB C 、第2个平行四边形111A B C C 和第6个平行四边形的面积.五、解答题(三)(本大题3小题,每小题9分,共27分) 20、(本题满分9分)(1)如图1,圆心接ABC △中,AB BC CA ==,OD 、OE 为O ⊙的半径,OD BC ⊥于点F ,OE AC ⊥于点G ,求证:阴影部分四边形OFCG 的面积是ABC △的面积的13.(2)如图2,若DOE ∠保持120°角度不变, 求证:当DOE ∠绕着O 点旋转时,由两条半径和ABC △的两条边围成的图形(图中阴影部分)面积始终是ABC △的面积的13.21.(本题满分9分)小明用下面的方法求出方程30=的解,请你仿照他的方法求出下面另外两个方程的解,并把你的解答过程填写在下面的表格中.A 1O 1A 2B 2 B 1C 1 B C 2A OD第19题图 C 第20题图D 图1 图222.(本题满分9分)正方形ABCD 边长为4,M 、N 分别是BC 、CD 上的两个动点,当M 点在BC 上运动时,保持AM 和MN 垂直,(1)证明:Rt Rt ABM MCN △∽△;(2)设BM x =,梯形ABCN 的面积为y ,求y 与x 之间的函数关系式;当M 点运动到什么位置时,四边形ABCN 面积最大,并求出最大面积; (3)当M 点运动到什么位置时Rt Rt ABM AMN △∽△,求x 的值.广东省中山市2009年初中毕业生学业考试数学试题参考答案及评分建议一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分) 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D二、填空题(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)6.()(3)x y x y +-- 7.4 8.96 9.8 10.10,31n + 三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每题6分,共30分) 11.解:原式=113122+-+ ··················································································· 4分 =4. ······························································································· 6分12.解:方程两边同时乘以(1)(1)x x +-, ······························································· 2分2(1)x =-+, ···································································································· 4分3x =-, ··········································································································· 5分 经检验:3x =-是方程的解. ················································································ 6分 13.解:(1)作图见答案13题图,··························································· 2分 (2)ABC △是等边三角形,D 是AC 的中点,BD ∴平分ABC ∠(三线合一), 2ABC DBE ∴∠=∠. ························································································· 4分 NDA C BM第22题图答案13题图AC BDE MCE CD =,CED CDE ∴∠=∠.又ACB CED CDE ∠=∠+∠,2ACB E ∴∠=∠. ····························································································· 5分 又ABC ACB ∠=∠, 22DBC E ∴∠=∠, DBC E ∴∠=∠, BD DE ∴=. 又DM BE ⊥,BM EM ∴=. ·································································································· 6分 14.解:(1)2210x kx +-=,2242(1)8k k ∆=-⨯⨯-=+, ·············································································· 2分无论k 取何值,2k ≥0,所以280k +>,即0∆>,∴方程2210x kx +-=有两个不相等的实数根. ························································ 3分(2)设2210x kx +-=的另一个根为x ,则12k x -=-,1(1)2x -=-,·············································································· 4分 解得:12x =,1k =,∴2210x kx +-=的另一个根为12,k 的值为1. ····················································· 6分15.解:过点P 作PC AB ⊥,C 是垂足,则30APC ∠=°,45BPC ∠=°, ····································· 2分tan30AC PC =°,tan 45BC PC =°,AC BC AB +=, ························································ 4分 tan30tan 45100PC PC ∴+=°°,11003PC ⎛⎫∴+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭, ···················································5分 50(350(3 1.732)63.450PC ∴=⨯->≈≈,答:森林保护区的中心与直线AB 的距离大于保护区的半径,所以计划修筑的这条高速公路不会穿越保护区.································································································ 6分 四、解答题(二)(本大题4小题,每小题7分,共28分) 16.解:设每轮感染中平均每一台电脑会感染x 台电脑, ············································ 1分 依题意得:1(1)81x x x +++=, ··········································································· 3分2(1)81x +=,答案15题图A BF E P C19x +=或19x +=-,12810x x ==-,(舍去),··················································································· 5分 33(1)(18)729700x +=+=>. ············································································ 6分答:每轮感染中平均每一台电脑会感染8台电脑,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会超过700台. ························································································································ 7分 17.解:(1)2020%100÷=(人). ····································································· 1分(2)30100%30%100⨯=, ··················································································· 2分 120%40%30%10%---=,36010%36⨯=°°. ···························································································· 3分 (3)喜欢篮球的人数:40%10040⨯=(人), ························································ 4分 喜欢排球的人数:10%10010⨯=(人). ································································ 5分······················· 7分18.解:(1)分别过A O ,两点作AE CD OF CD ⊥⊥,,垂足分别为点E ,点F ,AE OF OF ∴∥,就是圆心O 到CD 的距离. 四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,AB CD AE OF ∴∴=∥,. ·················································································· 2分在Rt ADE △中,60sin sin 60AE AED D AD AD∠=∠==°,,°,222AE AE m OF AE m m ====,,, ························································ 4分 答案17题图答案18题图(1)答案18题图(2)圆心到CD 的距离OF. ··········································································· 5分 (2)3OF =, 为O ⊙的直径,且10AB =,当5OF =时,CD 与O ⊙相切于F 点,5m ==, ··················································································· 6分当3m =时,CD 与O ⊙相切. ······································································· 7分 19.解:(1)在Rt ABC △中,16BC =,1216192ABCD S AB BC ==⨯=矩形. ······································································ 2分(2)矩形ABCD ,对角线相交于点O ,4ABCD OBC S S ∴=△. ···························································································· 3分四边形1OBB C 是平行四边形,11OB CB OC BB ∴∥,∥,11OBC B CB OCB B BC ∴∠=∠∠=∠,.又BC CB =,1OBC B CB ∴△≌△,112962OBB C OBC ABCD S S S ∴===△, ······································································· 5分 同理,111111148222A B C C OBB C ABCD S S S ==⨯⨯=, ························································ 6分第6个平行四边形的面积为6132ABCD S =. ······························································· 7分五、解答题(三)(本大题3小题,每小题9分,共27分) 20.证明:(1)如图1,连结OA OC ,, 因为点O 是等边三角形ABC 的外心,所以Rt Rt Rt OFC OGC OGA △≌△≌△. ····························· 2分2OFCG OFC OAC S S S ==△△,答案20题图(1)AE O G FBCD因为13OAC ABC S S =△△, 所以13OFCGABC S S =△. ························································································ 4分 (2)解法一: 连结OA OB ,和OC ,则AOC COB BOA △≌△≌△,12∠=∠, ··························· 5分 不妨设OD 交BC 于点F ,OE 交AC 于点G ,3412054120AOC DOE ∠=∠+∠=∠=∠+∠=°,°,35∴∠=∠. ······································································· 7分 在OAG △和OCF △中, 1235OA OC ∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩,,,OAG OCF ∴△≌△, ························································································· 8分 13OFCG AOC ABC S S S ∴==△△. ··············································································· 9分 解法二: 不妨设OD 交BC 于点F ,OE 交AC 于点G , 作OH BC OK AC ⊥⊥,,垂足分别为H K 、, ·················· 5分 在四边形HOKC 中,9060OHC OKC C ∠=∠=∠=°,°, 360909060120HOK ∴∠=-︒-︒=︒°-?, ························ 6分 即12120∠+∠=°.又23120GOF ∠=∠+∠=°,13∴∠=∠. ····································································································· 7分 AC BC =, OH OK ∴=,OGK OFH ∴△≌△, ························································································ 8分 13OFCG OHCK ABC S S S ∴==△. ················································································ 9分答案20题图(2)A E O GFB C D 1 2 3 45 答案第20题图(3) A EOGF B C D 1 3 2H K。
2009年广东省中山市初中毕业生学业考试
2009年广东省中山市初中毕业生学业考试数 学说明:1.全卷共4页,考试用时100分钟,满分为120分.2.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔在答题卡填写自己的准考证号、姓名、试室号、座位号.用2B 铅笔把对应该号码的标号涂黑.3.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试题上.4.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答、答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液.不按以上要求作答的答案无效.5.考生务必保持答题卡的整洁.考试结束时,将试卷和答题卡一并交回.一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分)在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一个是正确的,请把答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑. 1.4的算术平方根是( ) A .2±B .2C.D2.计算32()a 结果是( ) A .6aB .9aC .5aD .8a3.如图所示几何体的主(正)视图是( )C .4.《广东省2009年重点建设项目计划(草案)》显示,港珠澳大桥工程估算总投资726亿元,用科学记数法表示正确的是( )A . 107.2610⨯元 B .972.610⨯元 C .110.72610⨯元 D .117.2610⨯元5.方程组223010x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩的解是( ) A .1113x y =⎧⎨=⎩2213x y =-⎧⎨=-⎩ B .12123311x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨=-=⎩⎩ C . 12123311x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨==-⎩⎩ D.12121133x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨=-=⎩⎩ 二、填空题:(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)请将下列各题的正确答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上.6.分解因式2233x y x y --- .7.已知O ⊙的直径8cm AB C =,为O ⊙上的一点,30BAC ∠=°,则BC = cm .8.一种商品原价120元,按八折(即原价的80%)出售,则现售价应为 元.9.在一个不透明的布袋中装有2个白球和n 个黄球,它们除颜色不同外,其余均相同.若从中随机摸出一个球,摸到黄球的概率是45,则n =_____________.10.用同样规格的黑白两种颜色的正方形瓷砖,按下图的方式铺地板,则第(3)个图形中有黑色瓷砖 块,第n 个图形中需要黑色瓷砖________块(用含n 的代数式表示).……(1) (2) (3)三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每小题6分,共30分) 11.(本题满分6分)计算:1sin 30π+32-+0°+(). 12.(本题满分6分)解方程22111x x =--- 13.(本题满分6分)如图所示,ABC △是等边三角形, D 点是AC 的中点,延长BC 到E ,使CE CD =,(1)用尺规作图的方法,过D 点作DM BE ⊥,垂足是M (不写作法,保留作图痕迹); (2)求证:BM EM =.14.(本题满分6分)已知:关于x 的方程2210x kx +-=(1)求证:方程有两个不相等的实数根;(2)若方程的一个根是1-,求另一个根及k 值.15.(本题满分6分)如图所示,A 、B 两城市相距100km ,现计划在这两座城市间修建一条高速公路(即线段AB ),经测量,森林保护中心P 在A 城市的北偏东30°和B 城市的北偏西45°的方向上,已知森林保护区的范围在以P 点为圆心,50km 为半径的圆形区域内,请问计划修建的这条高速公路会不会穿越保护1.732 1.414)第7题图B第10题图 AD第13题图30° A BFE P45°第15题图四、解答题(二)(本大题4小题,每小题7分,共28分) 16.(本题满分7分)某种电脑病毒传播非常快,如果一台电脑被感染,经过两轮感染后就会有81台电脑被感染.请你用学过的知识分析,每轮感染中平均一台电脑会感染几台电脑?若病毒得不到有效控制,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会不会超过700台? 17.(本题满分7分)某中学学生会为了解该校学生喜欢球类活动的情况,采取抽样调查的方法,从足球、乒乓球、篮球、排球等四个方面调查了若干名学生的兴趣爱好,并将调查的结果绘制成如下的两幅不完整的统计图(如图1,图2要求每位同学只能选择一种自己喜欢的球类;图中用乒乓球、足球、排球、篮球代表喜欢这四种球类中的某一种球类的学生人数),请你根据图中提供的信息解答下列问题:(1)在这次研究中,一共调查了多少名学生?(2)喜欢排球的人数在扇形统计图中所占的圆心角是多少度? (3)补全频数分布折线统计图.18.(本题满分7分)在ABCD 中,10AB =,AD m =,60D ∠=°,以AB 为直径作O ⊙, (1)求圆心O 到CD 的距离(用含m 的代数式来表示); (2)当m 取何值时,CD 与O ⊙相切.19.(本题满分7分)如图所示,在矩形ABCD 中,12AB AC =,=20,两条对角线相交于点O .以OB 、OC 为邻边作第1个平行四边形1OBB C ,对角线相交于点1A ,再以11A B 、1A C 为邻边作第2个平行四边形111A B C C ,对角线相交于点1O ;再以11O B 、11O C 为邻边图2乒乓球20% 足球排球 篮球40%图1 第17题图 第18题图作第3个平行四边形1121O B B C ……依次类推. (1)求矩形ABCD 的面积;(2)求第1个平行四边形1OBB C 、第2个平行四边形111A B C C 和第6个平行四边形的面积.五、解答题(三)(本大题3小题,每小题9分,共27分) 20、(本题满分9分)(1)如图1,圆心接ABC △中,AB BC CA ==,OD 、OE 为O ⊙的半径,OD BC ⊥于点F ,OE AC ⊥于点G ,求证:阴影部分四边形OFCG 的面积是ABC △的面积的13.(2)如图2,若DOE ∠保持120°角度不变, 求证:当DOE ∠绕着O 点旋转时,由两条半径和ABC △的两条边围成的图形(图中阴影部分)面积始终是ABC △的面积的13.21.(本题满分9分)小明用下面的方法求出方程30=的解,请你仿照他的方法求出下面另外两个方程的解,并把你的解答过程填写在下面的表格中.A 1O 1A 2B 2 B 1C 1 B C 2A OD第19题图 C 第20题图D 图1 图222.(本题满分9分)正方形ABCD 边长为4,M 、N 分别是BC 、CD 上的两个动点,当M 点在BC 上运动时,保持AM 和MN 垂直,(1)证明:Rt Rt ABM MCN △∽△;(2)设BM x =,梯形ABCN 的面积为y ,求y 与x 之间的函数关系式;当M 点运动到什么位置时,四边形ABCN 面积最大,并求出最大面积; (3)当M 点运动到什么位置时Rt Rt ABM AMN △∽△,求x 的值.广东省中山市2009年初中毕业生学业考试数学试题参考答案及评分建议一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分) 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D二、填空题(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)6.()(3)x y x y +-- 7.4 8.96 9.8 10.10,31n + 三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每题6分,共30分) 11.解:原式=113122+-+ ··················································································· 4分 =4. ······························································································· 6分12.解:方程两边同时乘以(1)(1)x x +-, ······························································· 2分2(1)x =-+, ···································································································· 4分3x =-, ··········································································································· 5分 经检验:3x =-是方程的解. ················································································ 6分 13.解:(1)作图见答案13题图,··························································· 2分 (2)ABC △是等边三角形,D 是AC 的中点,BD ∴平分ABC ∠(三线合一), 2ABC DBE ∴∠=∠. ························································································· 4分 NDA C BM第22题图答案13题图AC BDE MCE CD =,CED CDE ∴∠=∠.又ACB CED CDE ∠=∠+∠,2ACB E ∴∠=∠. ····························································································· 5分 又ABC ACB ∠=∠, 22DBC E ∴∠=∠, DBC E ∴∠=∠, BD DE ∴=. 又DM BE ⊥,BM EM ∴=. ·································································································· 6分 14.解:(1)2210x kx +-=,2242(1)8k k ∆=-⨯⨯-=+, ·············································································· 2分无论k 取何值,2k ≥0,所以280k +>,即0∆>,∴方程2210x kx +-=有两个不相等的实数根. ························································ 3分(2)设2210x kx +-=的另一个根为x ,则12k x -=-,1(1)2x -=-,·············································································· 4分 解得:12x =,1k =,∴2210x kx +-=的另一个根为12,k 的值为1. ····················································· 6分15.解:过点P 作PC AB ⊥,C 是垂足,则30APC ∠=°,45BPC ∠=°, ····································· 2分tan30AC PC =°,tan 45BC PC =°,AC BC AB +=, ························································ 4分 tan30tan 45100PC PC ∴+=°°,11003PC ⎛⎫∴+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭, ···················································5分 50(350(3 1.732)63.450PC ∴=⨯->≈≈,答:森林保护区的中心与直线AB 的距离大于保护区的半径,所以计划修筑的这条高速公路不会穿越保护区.································································································ 6分 四、解答题(二)(本大题4小题,每小题7分,共28分) 16.解:设每轮感染中平均每一台电脑会感染x 台电脑, ············································ 1分 依题意得:1(1)81x x x +++=, ··········································································· 3分2(1)81x +=,答案15题图A BF E P C19x +=或19x +=-,12810x x ==-,(舍去),··················································································· 5分 33(1)(18)729700x +=+=>. ············································································ 6分答:每轮感染中平均每一台电脑会感染8台电脑,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会超过700台. ························································································································ 7分 17.解:(1)2020%100÷=(人). ····································································· 1分(2)30100%30%100⨯=, ··················································································· 2分 120%40%30%10%---=,36010%36⨯=°°. ···························································································· 3分 (3)喜欢篮球的人数:40%10040⨯=(人), ························································ 4分 喜欢排球的人数:10%10010⨯=(人). ································································ 5分······················· 7分18.解:(1)分别过A O ,两点作AE CD OF CD ⊥⊥,,垂足分别为点E ,点F ,AE OF OF ∴∥,就是圆心O 到CD 的距离. 四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,AB CD AE OF ∴∴=∥,. ·················································································· 2分在Rt ADE △中,60sin sin 60AE AED D AD AD∠=∠==°,,°,222AE AE m OF AE m m ====,,, ························································ 4分 答案17题图答案18题图(1)答案18题图(2)圆心到CD 的距离OF. ··········································································· 5分 (2)3OF =, 为O ⊙的直径,且10AB =,当5OF =时,CD 与O ⊙相切于F 点,5m ==, ··················································································· 6分当3m =时,CD 与O ⊙相切. ······································································· 7分 19.解:(1)在Rt ABC △中,16BC =,1216192ABCD S AB BC ==⨯=矩形. ······································································ 2分(2)矩形ABCD ,对角线相交于点O ,4ABCD OBC S S ∴=△. ···························································································· 3分四边形1OBB C 是平行四边形,11OB CB OC BB ∴∥,∥,11OBC B CB OCB B BC ∴∠=∠∠=∠,.又BC CB =,1OBC B CB ∴△≌△,112962OBB C OBC ABCD S S S ∴===△, ······································································· 5分 同理,111111148222A B C C OBB C ABCD S S S ==⨯⨯=, ························································ 6分第6个平行四边形的面积为6132ABCD S =. ······························································· 7分五、解答题(三)(本大题3小题,每小题9分,共27分) 20.证明:(1)如图1,连结OA OC ,, 因为点O 是等边三角形ABC 的外心,所以Rt Rt Rt OFC OGC OGA △≌△≌△. ····························· 2分2OFCG OFC OAC S S S ==△△,答案20题图(1)AE O G FBCD因为13OAC ABC S S =△△, 所以13OFCGABC S S =△. ························································································ 4分 (2)解法一: 连结OA OB ,和OC ,则AOC COB BOA △≌△≌△,12∠=∠, ··························· 5分 不妨设OD 交BC 于点F ,OE 交AC 于点G ,3412054120AOC DOE ∠=∠+∠=∠=∠+∠=°,°,35∴∠=∠. ······································································· 7分 在OAG △和OCF △中, 1235OA OC ∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩,,,OAG OCF ∴△≌△, ························································································· 8分 13OFCG AOC ABC S S S ∴==△△. ··············································································· 9分 解法二: 不妨设OD 交BC 于点F ,OE 交AC 于点G , 作OH BC OK AC ⊥⊥,,垂足分别为H K 、, ·················· 5分 在四边形HOKC 中,9060OHC OKC C ∠=∠=∠=°,°, 360909060120HOK ∴∠=-︒-︒=︒°-?, ························ 6分 即12120∠+∠=°.又23120GOF ∠=∠+∠=°,13∴∠=∠. ····································································································· 7分 AC BC =, OH OK ∴=,OGK OFH ∴△≌△, ························································································ 8分 13OFCG OHCK ABC S S S ∴==△. ················································································ 9分答案20题图(2)A E O GFB C D 1 2 3 45 答案第20题图(3) A EOGF B C D 1 3 2H K。
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2009年广东省中山市初中毕业生学业考试数 学说明:1.全卷共4页,考试用时100分钟,满分为120分.2.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔在答题卡填写自己的准考证号、姓名、试室号、座位号.用2B 铅笔把对应该号码的标号涂黑.3.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试题上.4.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答、答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液.不按以上要求作答的答案无效.5.考生务必保持答题卡的整洁.考试结束时,将试卷和答题卡一并交回.一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分)在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一个是正确的,请把答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑. 1.4的算术平方根是( ) A .2±B .2C.D2.计算32()a 结果是( ) A .6aB .9aC .5aD .8a3.如图所示几何体的主(正)视图是( )C .4.《广东省2009年重点建设项目计划(草案)》显示,港珠澳大桥工程估算总投资726亿元,用科学记数法表示正确的是( )A . 107.2610⨯元 B .972.610⨯元 C .110.72610⨯元 D .117.2610⨯元5.方程组223010x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩的解是( ) A .1113x y =⎧⎨=⎩2213x y =-⎧⎨=-⎩ B .12123311x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨=-=⎩⎩ C . 12123311x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨==-⎩⎩ D.12121133x x y y ==-⎧⎧⎨⎨=-=⎩⎩ 二、填空题:(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)请将下列各题的正确答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上.6.分解因式2233x y x y --- .7.已知O ⊙的直径8cm AB C =,为O ⊙上的一点,30BAC ∠=°,则BC = cm .8.一种商品原价120元,按八折(即原价的80%)出售,则现售价应为 元.9.在一个不透明的布袋中装有2个白球和n 个黄球,它们除颜色不同外,其余均相同.若从中随机摸出一个球,摸到黄球的概率是45,则n =_____________.10.用同样规格的黑白两种颜色的正方形瓷砖,按下图的方式铺地板,则第(3)个图形中有黑色瓷砖 块,第n 个图形中需要黑色瓷砖________块(用含n 的代数式表示).……(1) (2) (3)三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每小题6分,共30分) 11.(本题满分6分)计算:1sin 30π+32-+0°+(). 12.(本题满分6分)解方程22111x x =--- 13.(本题满分6分)如图所示,ABC △是等边三角形, D 点是AC 的中点,延长BC 到E ,使CE CD =,(1)用尺规作图的方法,过D 点作DM BE ⊥,垂足是M (不写作法,保留作图痕迹); (2)求证:BM EM =.14.(本题满分6分)已知:关于x 的方程2210x kx +-=(1)求证:方程有两个不相等的实数根;(2)若方程的一个根是1-,求另一个根及k 值.15.(本题满分6分)如图所示,A 、B 两城市相距100km ,现计划在这两座城市间修建一条高速公路(即线段AB ),经测量,森林保护中心P 在A 城市的北偏东30°和B 城市的北偏西45°的方向上,已知森林保护区的范围在以P 点为圆心,50km 为半径的圆形区域内,请问计划修建的这条高速公路会不会穿越保护第7题图B第10题图 AD第13题图30° A BFE P45°第15题图1.732 1.414)四、解答题(二)(本大题4小题,每小题7分,共28分) 16.(本题满分7分)某种电脑病毒传播非常快,如果一台电脑被感染,经过两轮感染后就会有81台电脑被感染.请你用学过的知识分析,每轮感染中平均一台电脑会感染几台电脑?若病毒得不到有效控制,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会不会超过700台? 17.(本题满分7分)某中学学生会为了解该校学生喜欢球类活动的情况,采取抽样调查的方法,从足球、乒乓球、篮球、排球等四个方面调查了若干名学生的兴趣爱好,并将调查的结果绘制成如下的两幅不完整的统计图(如图1,图2要求每位同学只能选择一种自己喜欢的球类;图中用乒乓球、足球、排球、篮球代表喜欢这四种球类中的某一种球类的学生人数),请你根据图中提供的信息解答下列问题:(1)在这次研究中,一共调查了多少名学生?(2)喜欢排球的人数在扇形统计图中所占的圆心角是多少度? (3)补全频数分布折线统计图.18.(本题满分7分)在ABCD 中,10AB =,AD m =,60D ∠=°,以AB 为直径作O ⊙, (1)求圆心O 到CD 的距离(用含m 的代数式来表示); (2)当m 取何值时,CD 与O ⊙相切.19.(本题满分7分)如图所示,在矩形ABCD 中,12AB AC =,=20,两条对角线相交于点O .以OB 、OC 为邻边作第1个平行四边形1OBB C ,对角线相交于点1A ,再以11A B 、图2乒乓球 20% 足球排球 篮球40%图1 第17题图 第18题图1A C 为邻边作第2个平行四边形111A B C C ,对角线相交于点1O ;再以11O B 、11O C 为邻边作第3个平行四边形1121O B B C ……依次类推. (1)求矩形ABCD 的面积;(2)求第1个平行四边形1OBB C 、第2个平行四边形111A B C C 和第6个平行四边形的面积.五、解答题(三)(本大题3小题,每小题9分,共27分) 20、(本题满分9分)(1)如图1,圆心接ABC △中,AB BC CA ==,OD 、OE 为O ⊙的半径,OD BC ⊥于点F ,OE AC ⊥于点G ,求证:阴影部分四边形OFCG 的面积是ABC △的面积的13.(2)如图2,若DOE ∠保持120°角度不变, 求证:当DOE ∠绕着O 点旋转时,由两条半径和ABC △的两条边围成的图形(图中阴影部分)面积始终是ABC △的面积的13.21.(本题满分9分)小明用下面的方法求出方程30=的解,请你仿照他的方法求A 1O 1A 2B 2 B 1C 1 B C 2A OD第19题图 C 第20题图D 图1 图222.(本题满分9分)正方形ABCD 边长为4,M 、N 分别是BC 、CD 上的两个动点,当M 点在BC 上运动时,保持AM 和MN 垂直,(1)证明:Rt Rt ABM MCN △∽△;(2)设BM x =,梯形ABCN 的面积为y ,求y 与x 之间的函数关系式;当M 点运动到什么位置时,四边形ABCN 面积最大,并求出最大面积; (3)当M 点运动到什么位置时Rt Rt ABM AMN △∽△,求x 的值.广东省中山市2009年初中毕业生学业考试数学试题参考答案及评分建议一、选择题(本大题5小题,每小题3分,共15分) 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D二、填空题(本大题5小题,每小题4分,共20分)6.()(3)x y x y +-- 7.4 8.96 9.8 10.10,31n + 三、解答题(一)(本大题5小题,每题6分,共30分) 11.解:原式=113122+-+ ··················································································· 4分 =4. ······························································································· 6分12.解:方程两边同时乘以(1)(1)x x +-, ······························································· 2分 2(1)x =-+, ···································································································· 4分 3x =-, ··········································································································· 5分 经检验:3x =-是方程的解. ················································································ 6分 13.解:(1)作图见答案13题图,··························································· 2分NDA CB M第22题图答案13题图AC BDE M(2)ABC △是等边三角形,D 是AC 的中点,BD ∴平分ABC ∠(三线合一), 2ABC DBE ∴∠=∠. ························································································· 4分 CE CD =,CED CDE ∴∠=∠.又ACB CED CDE ∠=∠+∠,2ACB E ∴∠=∠. ····························································································· 5分 又ABC ACB ∠=∠, 22DBC E ∴∠=∠, DBC E ∴∠=∠, BD DE ∴=. 又DM BE ⊥,BM EM ∴=. ·································································································· 6分 14.解:(1)2210x kx +-=,2242(1)8k k ∆=-⨯⨯-=+, ·············································································· 2分无论k 取何值,2k ≥0,所以280k +>,即0∆>,∴方程2210x kx +-=有两个不相等的实数根. ························································ 3分(2)设2210x kx +-=的另一个根为x ,则12k x -=-,1(1)2x -=-,·············································································· 4分 解得:12x =,1k =,∴2210x kx +-=的另一个根为12,k 的值为1. ····················································· 6分15.解:过点P 作PC AB ⊥,C 是垂足,则30APC ∠=°,45BPC ∠=°, ····································· 2分tan30AC PC =°,tan 45BC PC =°,AC BC AB +=, ························································ 4分 tan30tan 45100PC PC ∴+=°°,1100PC ⎫∴+=⎪⎪⎝⎭, ···················································5分 50(350(3 1.732)63.450PC ∴=⨯->≈≈,答:森林保护区的中心与直线AB 的距离大于保护区的半径,所以计划修筑的这条高速公路不会穿越保护区.································································································ 6分 四、解答题(二)(本大题4小题,每小题7分,共28分) 16.解:设每轮感染中平均每一台电脑会感染x 台电脑, ············································ 1分 依题意得:1(1)81x x x +++=, ··········································································· 3分答案15题图A BF E P C2(1)81x +=,19x +=或19x +=-,12810x x ==-,(舍去),··················································································· 5分 33(1)(18)729700x +=+=>. ············································································ 6分答:每轮感染中平均每一台电脑会感染8台电脑,3轮感染后,被感染的电脑会超过700台. ························································································································ 7分 17.解:(1)2020%100÷=(人). ····································································· 1分(2)30100%30%100⨯=, ··················································································· 2分 120%40%30%10%---=,36010%36⨯=°°. ···························································································· 3分 (3)喜欢篮球的人数:40%10040⨯=(人), ························································ 4分 喜欢排球的人数:10%10010⨯=(人). ································································ 5分······················· 7分18.解:(1)分别过A O ,两点作AE CD OF CD ⊥⊥,,垂足分别为点E ,点F , AE OF OF ∴∥,就是圆心O 到CD 的距离. 四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,AB CD AE OF ∴∴=∥,. ·················································································· 2分在Rt ADE △中,60sin sin 60AE AED D AD AD∠=∠==°,,°, 答案17题图答案18题图(1)答案18题图(2)222AE AE m OF AE m m ====,,, ························································ 4分 圆心到CD 的距离OF为2m . ··········································································· 5分 (2)32OF m =, 为O ⊙的直径,且10AB =,当5OF =时,CD 与O ⊙相切于F 点,即523m m ==, ··················································································· 6分当m =时,CD 与O ⊙相切. ······································································· 7分 19.解:(1)在Rt ABC △中,16BC =,1216192ABCD S AB BC ==⨯=矩形. ······································································ 2分(2)矩形ABCD ,对角线相交于点O ,4ABCD OBC S S ∴=△. ···························································································· 3分四边形1OBB C 是平行四边形,11OB CB OC BB ∴∥,∥,11OBC B CB OCB B BC ∴∠=∠∠=∠,.又BC CB =,1OBC B CB ∴△≌△,112962OBB C OBC ABCD S S S ∴===△, ······································································· 5分 同理,111111148222A B C C OBB C ABCD S S S ==⨯⨯=, ························································ 6分第6个平行四边形的面积为6132ABCD S =. ······························································· 7分五、解答题(三)(本大题3小题,每小题9分,共27分) 20.证明:(1)如图1,连结OA OC ,, 因为点O 是等边三角形ABC 的外心,所以Rt Rt Rt OFC OGC OGA △≌△≌△. ····························· 2分AE O G2OFCG OFC OAC S S S ==△△,因为13OAC ABC S S =△△, 所以13OFCGABC S S =△. ························································································ 4分 (2)解法一: 连结OA OB ,和OC ,则AOC COB BOA △≌△≌△,12∠=∠, ··························· 5分 不妨设OD 交BC 于点F ,OE 交AC 于点G , 3412054120AOC DOE ∠=∠+∠=∠=∠+∠=°,°,35∴∠=∠. ······································································· 7分 在OAG △和OCF △中,1235OA OC ∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩,,,OAG OCF ∴△≌△, ························································································· 8分 13OFCG AOC ABC S S S ∴==△△. ··············································································· 9分 解法二: 不妨设OD 交BC 于点F ,OE 交AC 于点G , 作OH BC OK AC ⊥⊥,,垂足分别为H K 、, ·················· 5分 在四边形HOKC 中,9060OHC OKC C ∠=∠=∠=°,°, 360909060120HOK ∴∠=-︒-︒=︒°-?, ························ 6分 即12120∠+∠=°.又23120GOF ∠=∠+∠=°,13∴∠=∠. ····································································································· 7分 AC BC =, OH OK ∴=,OGK OFH ∴△≌△, ························································································ 8分 13OFCG OHCK ABC S S S ∴==△. ················································································ 9分答案20题图(2)A E O GFB C D 1 2 3 45 答案第20题图(3) A EOGF B C D 1 3 2H K。