2017年广东工业大学生化原理考研真题考研试题硕士研究生入学考试试题
研究生入学考试生物化学(代谢总论)历年真题试卷汇编1
研究生入学考试生物化学（代谢总论）历年真题试卷汇编1(总分：78.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、判断题请判断下列各题正误。
(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.(中山大学2009年考研试题)哺乳动物合成尿素的主要器官是肾。
（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误√解析：解析：哺乳动物合成尿素的主要器官肝脏，尿素在肾脏中被过滤后从尿液排出。
2.(中山大学2009年考研试题)合酶与合成酶的不同之处，在于前者催化的缩合反应没有NTP作为能量供体，而后者则需要。
（分数：2.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：3.(中山大学2009年考研试题)解偶联剂可抑制呼吸链的电子传递。
（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误√解析：解析：解偶联剂可以将呼吸链的电子传递和氧化磷酸化分开。
4.(中山大学2007年考研试题)对健康人来说，血糖和血脂都是比较稳定的生化指标。
（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误√解析：解析：对健康人来说，血糖和血脂不都是比较稳定的牛化指标。
血脂不如血糖稳定，受膳食、年龄、性别、职业及代谢等影响，波动范围较大。
5.(厦门大学2008年考研试题)淀粉和纤维素可以用KI-I 2来区别。
（分数：2.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：6.(南开大学2009年考研试题)人体正常代谢过程中，糖、脂、蛋白质可以相互转变。
（分数：2.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：7.(南开大学2008年考研试题)胰蛋白酶原的激活需要肠激酶。
（分数：2.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：8.(南开大学2008年考研试题)小G一蛋白具有GTPase活性。
（分数：2.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：9.(哈尔滨工业大学2008年考研试题)一个生物分子的合成途径通常与其降解途径互为可逆。
A.正确B.错误√解析：解析：一个生物分子的合成途径通常与其降解途径是不可逆的，因为它们由不同的酶来催化。
10.(山东大学2006年考研试题)寡霉素抑制ATP合成同时意味氧的利用被终止。
广东工业大学812物理化学2000--2010年考研真题／研究生入学考试试题
11 298K将AgNO3滴入KI（过量）溶液中形成的溶胶，下列电解质中哪种聚沉能力最大？（ A LiNO3 B KNO3 C CaCl2 D Na2SO4
12．下列性质中哪个不属于胶体的性质（ ） A．布朗运动 B．电导 C．电泳 D．沉降平衡 13.气体被液化的必要条件是（ ） A．气体温度低于沸点 B．气体温度低于临界温度 C．气体压力大于临界压力 D．气体温度小于波义尔温度 14. 一定体积的水，当分散成许多小水滴，同温度下两种状态相比，以下性质保持不变的是（ ） A．饱和蒸汽压 B．表面积 C．液面下的附加压力 D．表面张力 15. 将半径相同的三根玻璃毛细管分别插入乙醇水溶液、NaCl水溶液及纯水中，毛细管中液面上 升的高度分别为h1、、h2、h3则（ A h1>h2>h3 ； B h3>h2>h1 ； 二．填充题（20分，每题2分） 1. 斯特恩双电层包括 和 。 。 ）。 D h2>h3>h1 。
5．当电流通过电极时，电极电位偏离平衡电极电位称为_________，原电池放电时，随电流密 度的增加，阳极电位变_________，阴极电位变________，输出电压变_________。 6. A、B两物质形成最低恒沸点的相图，当系统组成在恒沸组成以左时通过精馏在气相得到_____ _____，在瓶中得到_____________。 7. 对大多数纯物质的液体来说，当温度升高时，其表面张力__________。 8. Langmuir吸附适用于___________________，其吸附等温式为____________________。 9 加入催化剂后，反应速率加快的原因是________________________________________。 10. 由FeCl3 水解制得Fe（OH）3溶胶，稳定剂为FeCl3，请写出溶胶的胶团结构 。 三．简答题（25分，每题5分） 1．在一个底部为光滑平面的真空容器中，放有半径大小不等的圆球形汞滴，经过长时间放置 后，会出现什么现象。为什么？ 答：会出现大液滴变大，小液滴消失的现象。这是因为大液滴的饱和蒸气压低，小液滴的饱和 蒸气压高，小液滴不断蒸发，并凝聚到大液滴中。 2．一密闭的容器处于恒温环境，容器内有两杯液体，A杯为纯水，B杯为蔗糖水溶液，静置足够 长时间后，观察其变化，你会发现什么现象。 3．自然界发生的一切过程，都遵守能量守恒和转换定律，那么凡是遵守能量守恒和转换定律 的一切过程都能自发进行吗？
广东工业大学考研历年真题
广东工业大学考研历年真题【第一部分:单项填空】1. However, some actors _____ us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they are playing. [单选题] *A.astonishedB. astonishingC. astonish(正确答案)D. is astonished2. He was a _____ figure in the French film industry. [单选题] *A. dominantlyB. dominant(正确答案)C. dominanceD. dominants3. The morning after your arrival, you meet with the _____ physician for a private consultation. [单选题] *A. residentsB. resident(正确答案)C. residenceD. residences4._____a reply, he decided to write again. [单选题] *A. Not receivingB. ReceivingC. Not having received(正确答案)D. Having not received5.With lots of trees and flowers _____here and there, the city looks very beautiful. [单选题] *A. having plantedB. planted(正确答案)C. have been plantedD. to be planted6. I have bought two ball-pens, _______ writes well. [单选题] *A. none of themB. neither of themC. neither of which(正确答案)D. none of which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. [单选题] *A.where(正确答案)B.hatC.whichD.there8.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. [单选题] *A. to whomB. on whomC. with whichD. with whom(正确答案)9.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill. [单选题] *A. why; that(正确答案)B.that;whyC. for that;thatD.for which;what10. Is _______ some German friends visited last week? [单选题] *A. this schoolB. this the schoolC. this school oneD. this school where(正确答案)11. They are not very good, but we like_______. [单选题] *A. anyway to play basketball with themB. to play basketball with them anyway(正确答案)C. to play with them basketball anywayD. with them to play basketball anyway12. He sent me an e-mail, _______to get further information. [单选题] *A. hopedB hoping(正确答案)C. to hopeD. hope13._____in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. [单选题] *A. Being roundedB it was foundedC. Founded(正确答案)D. Founding14.The ____boy was last seen ______near the East Lake. [单选题] *A. Missing, playing(正确答案)B. missing, playC missed, playedD missed, to play15. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party. [单选题] *A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD not having been invited(正确答案)【第二部分:完形填空】A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green spacegained about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living amid more concrete and fewer trees. Such __62__ tell a powerful story. The obesity epidemic began in the 1980s, and many people __63__ it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that can't be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been __64__ us for a long time. "Most experts agree that the changes were __65__ to something in the environment," says social epidemiologist Thomas Glass of The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. That something could be a __66__ of the green.The new research, __67__ in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, isn't the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us closer __68__ identifying what works and why. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood __69__ means more places for kids to play – which is __70__ since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest correlates of children's activity levels. But green space is good for the mind__71__: research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive __72__ for children with attention-deficit disorder. In one study, just reading __73__ in a green setting improved kids' symptoms.__74__ to grassy areas has also been linked to __75__ stress and a lower body mass index (体重指数) among adults. And an __76__ of 3,000 Tokyo residents associated walkable green spaces with greater longevity (长寿) among senior citizens.Glass cautions that most studies don't __77__ prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they're nonetheless helping spur action. In September the U. S. House of Representatives __78__ the delightfully named No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors.Finding green space is not __79__ easy, and you may have to work a bit to get your family a little grass and trees. If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take__80__ of what's there. Your children in particular will love it – and their bodies and minds will be __81__ to you.16. [单选题] *A) findings(正确答案)B) thesesC) hypothesesD) abstracts17. [单选题] *A) adaptB) attribute(正确答案)C) allocateD) alternate18. [单选题] *A) amongstB) alongC) besideD) with(正确答案)19. [单选题] *A) gluedB) related(正确答案)C) trackedD) appointed20. [单选题] *A) scrapingB) denyingC) depressingD) shrinking(正确答案)21. [单选题] *A) published(正确答案)B) simulatedC) illuminatedD) circulated22. [单选题] *A)atB)to(正确答案)C)forD)over23. [单选题] *A) fullyB) simply(正确答案)C) seriouslyD) uniquely24. [单选题] *A)vital(正确答案)B)casualC)fatalD)subtle25. [单选题] *A) stillB) alreadyC) too(正确答案)D) yet26. [单选题] *A) benefits(正确答案)B) profitsC) revenuesD) awards27. [单选题] *A) outwardB) apartC) asideD) outside(正确答案)28. [单选题] *A) ImmunityB) ReactionC) Exposure(正确答案)D) Addiction29. [单选题] *A)muchB)less(正确答案)C)moreD)little30. [单选题] *A) installmentB) expeditionC) analysis(正确答案)D) option31. [单选题] *A) curiouslyB) negativelyC) necessarily(正确答案)D) comfortably32. [单选题] *A) relievedB) delegatedC) approved(正确答案)D) performed33. [单选题] *A)merelyB)always(正确答案)C)mainlyD)almost34. [单选题] *A) advantage(正确答案)B) exceptionC) measureD) charge35. [单选题] *A) elevatedB) mercifulC) contentedD) grateful(正确答案)【第三部分:阅读理解】Passage 1Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn’t been born yet, or is a baby now. That’s because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einsteinemerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein’s day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare.Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn’t long before he became a philosopher himself.“The independence created by philosophical insight is—in my opinion—the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (工匠) or specialist and a real seeker after truth,”Einstein wrote in 1944.And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren’t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical—and rewarding—efforts.“Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.”Especially considering what Einstein was proposing.“The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you’ll find the solution.”Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of 1905. These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations.What might happen to such a submission today?“We all get papers like those in the mail,” Greene said. “We put them in the junk file.”36. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs? [单选题] *[A] Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.[B] It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.[C] No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.[D] It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.(正确答案)37. What was critical to Einstein’s success? [单选题] *[A] His talent as an accomplished musician.[B] His independent and abstract thinking.(正确答案)[C] His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.[D] His solid foundation in math theory.38. What does the author tell us about physicists today? [单选题] *[A] They tend to neglect training in analytical skills.[B] They are very good at solving practical problems.[C] They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.[D] They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.(正确答案)39. What does Brian Greene imply by saying “... it would be a lot harder for him to be heard” (Lines 1-2, Para. 9)? [单选题] *[A] People have to compete in order to get their papers published.[B] It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.[C] Papers like Einstein’s would unlikely get published today.[D] Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.(正确答案)40. When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein _______. [单选题] *[A] forgot to make footnotes and citations[B] was little known in academic circles(正确答案)[C] was known as a young genius in math calculations[D] knew nothing about the format of academic papersPassage 2The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poorcountries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards ofliving.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts - a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discoveredthat illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? Wehave to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10, 000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well.When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential,they could in tum afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be ableto escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity forthe foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.41. The author holds in Paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor [单选题] * countries[A] is subject to groundless doubts.[B] has fallen victim of bias.[C] is conventionally downgraded.[D] has been overestimated.(正确答案)42. It is stated in Paragraph 1 that the construction of a new educational system [单选题] *[A] challenges economists and politicians.[B] takes efforts of generations.(正确答案)[C] demands priority from the government.[D] requires sufficient labor force.43. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S. workforces is that [单选题] *[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined.[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive.(正确答案)[C] the U.S. workforce has a better education.[D] the U.S. workforce is more organized.44. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged [单选题] *[A] when people had enough time.[B] prior to better ways of finding food.[C] when people no longer went hungry.(正确答案)[D] as a result of pressure on government.45. According to the last paragraph, development of education [单选题] *[A] results directly from competitive environments.[B] does not depend on economic performance.[C] follows improved productivity.(正确答案)[D] cannot afford political changes.Passage 3A symbiotic relationship is an interaction between two or more species in which one species lives in or on another species. There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. The first and the third can be key factors in the structure of a biological community; that is, all the populations oforganisms living together and potentially interacting in a particular area.Parasitism is a kind of predator-prey relationship in which one organism, the parasite, derives its food at the expense of its symbiotic associate, the host. Parasites are usually smaller than their hosts. An example of a parasite is a tapeworm that lives inside the intestines of a larger animal and absorbs nutrients from its host. Natural selection favors the parasites that are best able to find and feed on hosts. At the same time, defensive abilities of hosts are also selected for. As an example, plants make chemicals toxic to fungal and bacterial parasites, along with ones toxic to predatory animals (sometimes they are the same chemicals). In vertebrates, the immune system provides a multiple defense against internal parasites.At times, it is actually possible to watch the effects of natural selection in host-parasite relationships. For example, Australia during the 1940 s was overrun by hundreds of millions of European rabbits. The rabbits destroyed huge expanses of Australia and threatened the sheep and cattle industries. In 1950, myxoma virus, a parasite that affects rabbits, was deliberately introduced into Australia to control the rabbit population. Spread rapidly by mosquitoes, the virus devastated the rabbit population. The virus was less deadly to the offspring of surviving rabbits, however, and it caused less and less harm over the years. Apparently, genotypes (the genetic make-up of an organism) in the rabbit population were selected that were better able to resist the parasite. Meanwhile, the deadliest strains of the virus perished with their hosts as natural selection favored strains that could infect hosts but not kill them. Thus, natural selection stabilized this host-parasite relationship.In contrast to parasitism, in commensalism, one partner benefits without significantly affecting the other. Few cases of absolute commensalism probably exist, because it is unlikely that one of the partners will be completely unaffected. Commensal associations sometimes involve one species' obtaining food that is inadvertently exposed by another. For instance, several kinds of birds feed on insects flushed out of the grass by grazing cattle. It is difficult to imagine how this could affect the cattle, but the relationship may help or hinder them in some way not yet recognized.The third type of symbiosis, mutualism, benefits both partners in the relationship Legume plants and their nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the interactions between flowering plantsand their pollinators, are examples of mutualistic association. In the first case, the plants provide the bacteria with carbohydrates and other organic compounds, and the bacteria have enzymes that act as catalysts that eventually add nitrogen to the soil, enriching it. In the second case, pollinators (insects, birds) obtain food from the flowering plant, and the plant has its pollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would be if they were carried by the wind only. Another example of mutualism would be the bull's horn acacia tree, which grows in Central and South America. The tree provides a place to live for ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex. The ants live in large, hollow thorns and eat sugar secreted by the tree. The ants also eat yellow structures at the tip of leaflets: these are protein rich and seem to have no function for the tree except to attract ants. The ants benefit the host tree by attacking virtually anything that touches it. They sting other insects and large herbivores (animals that eat only plants) and even clip surrounding vegetation that grows near the tree. When the ants are removed, the trees usually die, probably because herbivores damage them so much that they are unable to compete with surrounding vegetation for light and growing space.The complex interplay of species in symbiotic relationships highlights an important point about communities: Their structure depends on a web of diverse connections among organisms.46.Which of the following statements about commensalism can be inferred from paragraph 1? [单选题] *[A]It excludes interactions between more than two species.[B]It makes it less likely for species within a community to survive.[C]Its significance to the organization of biological communities is small.(正确答案)[D]Its role in the structure of biological populations is a disruptive one.47.According to paragraph 2. which of the following is true of the action of natural selection on hosts and parasites? [单选题] *[A]Hosts benefit more from natural selection than parasites do.[B]Both aggression in predators and defensive capacities in hosts are favored for species survival.(正确答案)[C]The ability to make toxic chemicals enables a parasite to find and isolate its host.[D]Larger size equips a parasite to prey on smaller host organisms.48.Which of the following can be concluded from the discussion in paragraph 3 about theAustralian rabbit population? [单选题] *[A]Human intervention may alter the host, the parasite. and the relationship between them.(正确答案)[B]The risks of introducing outside organisms into a biological community are not worth the benefits.[C]Humans should not interfere in host-parasite relationships.[D]Organisms that survive a parasitic attack do so in spite of the natural selection process.49.According to paragraph 3, all of the following characterize the way natural selectionstabilized the Australian rabbit population EXCEPT: [单选题] *[A]The most toxic viruses died with their hosts.[B]The surviving rabbits were increasingly immune to the virus.[C]The decline of the mosquito population caused the spread of the virus to decline.(正确答案)[D]Rabbits with specific genetic make-ups were favored.50.According to paragraph 5. which of the following is NOT true of the relationshipbetween the bull's horn acacia tree and the Pseudomyrmex ants? [单选题] *[A]Ants defend the host trees against the predatory actions of insects and animals.[B]The acacia trees are a valuable source of nutrition for the ants.[C]The ants enable the acacia tree to produce its own chemical defenses.(正确答案)[D]The ants protect the acacia from having to compete with surrounding vegetation.。
广东工业大学化工原理A1(化工单元操作与设备过程A1)考试题目1
10、萃取操作的依据是_________________________________________.萃取操作选择溶剂的主要
原则是________________________________________.
二、简答题 （共36分）
1、叙述恒縻尔流假设的内容？
2、板式塔塔板上造成液面落差的原因有哪些？如何防止？
3、试推导并流吸收塔的操作线方程？并在y-x 的相图上表示出来？
4、叙述双膜理论的论点？
5、画出单级萃取操作相图？
6、叙述湿空气的性能参数？
三、计算题 （共44分）
1、双股进料的二元连续进料，均为泡点液相进料，进料液为21,F F ，求第三段的汽相和液相流量？已知第一段的汽液相流量分别为V 和L 。
2、某填料吸收塔用纯轻油吸收混合气中的苯，进料量为1000标准h m 3。
如图所示， 进料气
体中含苯5%（体积百分数），其余为惰性气体。
要求回收率95%。
操作时轻油含量为最小用量的
1.5倍，平衡关系为Y=1.4X 。
已知体积吸收总糸 数为h m Kmol
K ya .1253=，轻油的平均分子
量为170。
求轻油用量和完成该生 产任务所需填料层高度？
3、有一干燥糸统如图，新鲜空气为C t 0020=，干空气水
Kg Kg H 01.00=与干燥器出口温度
为C t 0250=，湿度为干空气水Kg Kg H 08.02= 的废气汇合后进入预热器（ 废气/新鲜空气
= 0.08/0.2）,物料为h Kg G 15001=，温含量为47.01=W ，05.02=W ，求新鲜空气加入量和预
热器加入的热量？。
华南理工大学 2017年考研851化工原理真题答案
华南理工大学2017 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷答案一．填空选择题1�2. CD 3. A , C 4. C1 解析：从水槽液面1-1到泵入口前端2-2,P 1 P2 2 / 2—=—+.!!_+A...!...X.!!_ pg pg 2 d 2 +�. 当调节阀关小时，u 减小，hf l -2= A, 沪呤减小，泵入口真空度减小，泵出口的压力增大；流量减小，泵工作点的扬程上升。
与2010年真题选填题第1题类似。
3 解析：已知：V(� —Y 2) =L(X 1—X 2), X 2 = 0; 当�增大时，y 2也增大；因为A =l,故m=卡，且塔板无限高，此时令＝（卡）mm = y v ='.:, = m 气红=m (f) (定值）。
m4 解析：降低雾沫夹带最主要的是降低空塔流速或减小塔板间距。
（化原教材下册P 121)5.3079; 解析：Re=气=0.00盓盄000= 1000 < 2000'该流体为层流；A,=昔=0.064;兰＝且二=/4上xL pg pgd 2' Icp = 10-3 Pa -s -', lmmH 20 = 10-3mH 20 = 0.102Pa , 故压降L'lp = 313920Pa = 3079mH 20.6.隆低，填太；解析：化原教材上册P 118-1197.1623. 4; 解析：q v (CO分＝ qv (空）p M 空3p 空＝－－－＝IOI 3!O 29 3 RT 8 315x 293 = 1.206kg /m , 3 P c o 2 = p M 也—IOl.3x l 0x44 RT 8.315x 293= 1.830kg Im 。
3 8.� 二j 解析：对流传热系数h的单位为w •m -2•O c-[ ! 其中w =-=立皿·=丛皿＿s s 3'故w •m -2• O c -[等价于兰－。
2017年 华南理工化学、化工考研真题
839华南理工大学2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：高分子物理适用专业：材料加工工程；材料工程（专硕）4、请画出线性高聚物的蠕变及回复曲线，标出蠕变过程的各种形变，分）5、试述高聚物的相对分子质量和相对分子质量分布对力学性能及加工成型的影响。
（5分）8、可以将WLF方程写成适用于任意便利的温度做参考温度，方程保留原来形式但常数C1和C2值必须改变。
利用C1和C2的普适性，计算以T g+50℃为参考温度的C1和C2值。
（8分）845华南理工大学2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：材料物理化学适用专业：生物医学工程（理学）；材料学；材料工程（专硕)；生物医学工程（专硕）烧结中，加入少量Cr2O3或TiO2可促进烧结，且后者效果更好，请说明原的CdO的氧离子扩散系数与温度的关系如图，请分析：扩散系数出现折线的原因；（2）各段折线的扩散系数表达式及扩散激活能的差异。
脆性是无机材料主要的性能特征，材料的结构决定性能，请说明无机材料呈现脆性的原因，并举例说明如何通过显微结构设计改善无机材料的脆性。
K2O-Al2O3-SiO2三元系统相图（重量%）Al2O3·6SiO2）1170˚C分解，白榴石KAS一致熔融，和KAS，请回答下列问题：中各相界线的温度下降的方向，并说明图中点（重量%）851A华南理工大学2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：化工原理适用专业：化学工程；化学工艺；生物化工；应用化学；工业催化；能源化学工程；制浆造纸工程；制糖工程；生物质科学与工程；环境科学；环境工程；化学工程（专硕）；轻工技术与工程（专硕）；环境工程（专硕）865B华南理工大学2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：有机化学适用专业：有机化学；高分子化学与物理；生物医学工程（理学）；材料学；材料加工工程；制糖工程；发酵工程；绿色能源化学与技术；食品科学与工程；材料工程（专硕）；生物医学工程（专硕）；食品工程（专硕）共页一、命名下列各结构式或根据名称写出其结构式：（每小题2分，共12分）二、单项选择题。
2015-2017真题广东工业大学-工业设计工程专硕337设计学基础理论
广东工业大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题科目代码与名称：337设计学基础理论考试时间：3小时满分：150分注意：1 认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；2 答题必须写在答题纸上，写在本试卷和草稿纸上均无效；3 本试卷需同答题纸一同装入试题袋中交回。
一、选择题（2×10=20分）1设计思维属于设计学中的______范畴。
A.设计心理学B.设计现象学C没计行为学D.设计哲学2.知名设计师______把形式和新技术结合起来，创造了一系列经典作品，其中包括办公室系列的“蛋形椅＂和“天鹅椅A.雅柯布森B.卫卡拉C，庞蒂D.沙里宁3.《考工记》是中国古代重要工艺学著述，属于现存典籍______中的一部分A.《周礼》B.《墨子》C.《三才图会》D.《天工开物》4.康德把美划分为______可以说是为现代艺术与现代设计的划分提供了重要的美学依据A不合理美与合理美B.自由美与依存美C.高雅美与大众美D.艺术美与设计美5.一般认为______是中国古代家具设计的辉度时期A.唐代B.宋代C明代D.清代6.哥特式建筑的特征性构件不包括______A.尖券B.肋架拱顶C.飞扶垛D.筒形拱。
7.17世纪欧洲的主流设计风格是______A. 文艺复兴风格B.巴洛克风格C.中国风情D.日本风情8.在19世纪，蒸汽动力彻底地改革陈旧的印刷技术，导致了______出现。
A 、木版印刷B 、铜版印刷C.平版印刷D.镶嵌画9.提出“装饰即罪恶”的设计师是______A 、穆特修斯B 、卢斯C.勒柯布西埃D 、熔罗皮斯10.我国著名的《莲鹤方壶》产生于______时期。
A 、战国B 、春秋后期C 、殷商D 、西汉二、词语解释（6×5=30分）1.斯堪的纳维亚设计2.菲利普·斯塔克3.水晶宫4.巴洛克风格5、《园冶》三、简答题（10×5=50分）1.简述维也纳分离派的代表人物与代表作品。
2.简述勒柯布西埃（LeCor ）的设计成就。
XXX2017年生物化学858考研真题及解析
XXX2017年生物化学858考研真题及解析（第一页仅供预览）XXX2017年攻读硕士学位入学考试试题考试科目：生物化学试题编号：858XXX2017年攻读硕士学位入学考试试题考试科目：生物化学试题编号：858注：试卷解析所依据的参考书包括：《生物化学》（朱圣庚第4版）、《生物化学简明教程》（XXX第5版）（以下简称简明生化）、《生物化学原理》（XXX第2版）、《生物化研究题解析》（XXXXXX等XXX）一、名词解释（每题3分，共30分）1．碱性氨基酸2．变性3．呼吸链4．β氧化5．底物水平磷酸化6．联合脱氨基7．中心法则8．启动子9．cDNA10．质粒【注】β氧化——P生物化研究题解析195。
二、判断题（每题1分，共20分）1．同一种单糖的α和β构型是对映体。
2．皂化价高表示含相对分子质量低的脂肪酸少。
【解析】错。
皂化值高，则相对分子质量（Mr）低。
参见P简明生化101。
皂化值低表示低相对分子质量的脂肪酸含量多。
3．正常情况下，膜内在蛋白比膜外在蛋白疏水性强。
【剖析】对。
膜内涵蛋白的跨膜布局域表面富含疏水性氨基酸，以通过疏水作用与脂双层的疏水核心相互作用。
膜外在蛋白为水溶性蛋白，表面富含亲水性氨基酸。
4．沉淀和变性存在必然的联系。
（×）【剖析】蛋白质变性不一定沉淀。
在碱性溶液中，或有尿素、盐酸胍等变性剂存在时，则变性蛋白仍保持消融状况，拜见P生物第四版135。
沉淀的蛋白质也不一定变性，比方盐析的蛋白质通常不会变性。
5．提高盐浓度可使Tm值升高。
【解析】对。
离子强度（盐浓度）高时，Tm较高。
原因：溶液中的阳离子可以中和或屏蔽DNA主链上磷酸根的负电荷，减弱两条链之间的排斥作用。
参见简明教程P74、XXX生化P115。
6．对于一个酶而言，底物过渡态类似物与底物类似物相比力，是更有效的合作性抑制剂。
【剖析】对。
过渡态互补学说认为，酶与底物形成中间物的过程中，酶和底物的布局均会产生一定的变化，与酶结合的是底物的过渡态，因此，过渡态类似物更容易与酶的活性部位结合。
往年考研生化真题
往年考研生化真题北京大学◇１９８８年生物化学一、选择题1.用茚三酮试剂确定氨基酸是靠它与下面()功能集团起作用。
2.影响酶催化效率的因素是()。
3.在适当条件下，盐酸胍变性球蛋白的可逆性，可证明()。
4.蛋白质中形成肽键平面的原因是()。
5.三个氨基酸(Asp，Leu，Lys)的混合物，经过一个sulphonotedpolysturene阳离子交换树脂粒，用PH5的缓冲液洗脱，洗脱液中氨基酸出现的顺序是()。
6.溶液A的PH为7.0，溶液B的PH为6.0的两个溶液的体积相等，则其H+的含量关()。
7.0.01N醋酸的PH为3.4,0.01NHCl的PH是2，用0.01NNaOH分别去中和15mL的以上醋酸和盐酸，试问需用()NaOH。
8.酶活性的国际单位(I.U.)定义为在30。
C下，将底物转化为产物，在()速度时的酶量。
9.在PH5.0的经DEAE-纤维素柱纯化酶，此酶的比活从2.2U/mg提高到303U/mg，表明()。
10.10-5毫克分子的乳酸脱氢酶，每秒催化10微克分子丙酮酸的生成，此酶的turnovernumber是()。
11.胰凝乳蛋白酶中电荷延迟系统是指()。
12.在整体代谢的调节环节调节中，别构效应可调节()。
13.A因子存在时，一个酶的初速度对底物浓度曲线为S形，而当A因子浓度增高时，此线左移，说明A因子是()。
14.一个酶的Km为3×10-5M，Vmax为转化8000克分子底物/分/克分子酶，底物浓度为3×10-5M时，初速度是()。
15.在一个2底物-2产物酶反应系统中，对其中一个底物的Km值是()。
16.一氧化碳有毒是因为()。
17.胶原蛋白的特性是()。
18.a螺旋与折叠的区别()。
19.促进酶分子催化反应的机制是()。
20.酶可以改变()。
21.转化丁二酸根为反丁二烯酸根所需要的酶是()。
22.激素17 -雌二醇发挥效应的位置在()。
23.3'-5'cAMP的性质是()。
研究生入学考试生物化学(代谢总论)历年真题试卷汇编1
研究生入学考试生物化学（代谢总论）历年真题试卷汇编1(总分：78.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、判断题请判断下列各题正误。
(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.(中山大学2009年考研试题)哺乳动物合成尿素的主要器官是肾。
（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误√解析：解析：哺乳动物合成尿素的主要器官肝脏，尿素在肾脏中被过滤后从尿液排出。
2.(中山大学2009年考研试题)合酶与合成酶的不同之处，在于前者催化的缩合反应没有NTP作为能量供体，而后者则需要。
（分数：2.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：3.(中山大学2009年考研试题)解偶联剂可抑制呼吸链的电子传递。
（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误√解析：解析：解偶联剂可以将呼吸链的电子传递和氧化磷酸化分开。
4.(中山大学2007年考研试题)对健康人来说，血糖和血脂都是比较稳定的生化指标。
（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误√解析：解析：对健康人来说，血糖和血脂不都是比较稳定的牛化指标。
血脂不如血糖稳定，受膳食、年龄、性别、职业及代谢等影响，波动范围较大。
5.(厦门大学2008年考研试题)淀粉和纤维素可以用KI-I 2来区别。
（分数：2.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：6.(南开大学2009年考研试题)人体正常代谢过程中，糖、脂、蛋白质可以相互转变。
（分数：2.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：7.(南开大学2008年考研试题)胰蛋白酶原的激活需要肠激酶。
（分数：2.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：8.(南开大学2008年考研试题)小G一蛋白具有GTPase活性。
（分数：2.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：9.(哈尔滨工业大学2008年考研试题)一个生物分子的合成途径通常与其降解途径互为可逆。
A.正确B.错误√解析：解析：一个生物分子的合成途径通常与其降解途径是不可逆的，因为它们由不同的酶来催化。
10.(山东大学2006年考研试题)寡霉素抑制ATP合成同时意味氧的利用被终止。
广东工业大学2005年化工原理考研真题
广东工业大学2005年化工原理考研真题1、E连续回流提取法(正确答案)下列方法中能始终保持良好浓度差的是（）*A浸渍法B渗漉法(正确答案)C煎煮法D回流提取法2、E易酶解苷类成分关于亲水性有机溶剂，说法正确的有（）*A极性大(正确答案)B极性小C水不相溶D与水部分相溶3、香豆素及其苷发生异羟肟酸铁反应的条件为（）[单选题] *A在酸性条件下B在碱性条件下C先碱后酸(正确答案)D在中性条件下4、萜类化合物在化学结构上的明显区别是（）[单选题] *A氮原子数不同B碳原子数不同(正确答案)C碳环数不同D硫原子数不同5、连续回流提取法与回流提取法比较，其优越性是（）[单选题] * A节省时间且效率高B节省溶剂且效率高(正确答案)C受热时间短D提取量较大6、下列化合物可用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取的是（）[单选题] *A七叶内酯(正确答案)B七叶苷C厚朴酚D五味子素7、生物碱碱性的表示方法常用（）[单选题] *ApKBBKBCpH(正确答案)DpKA8、溶解范围广，提取较全面的是（）[单选题] * A三氯甲烷B正丁醇C乙醇(正确答案)D水9、萃取时易发生乳化现象的是（）[单选题] *A简单萃取法(正确答案)B逆流连续萃取法C二者均是D二者均不是10、具有挥发性的生物碱是（）[单选题] *A苦参碱B莨菪碱C麻黄碱(正确答案)D小檗碱11、关于肿节风，说法正确的有（多选）（）*A别名：接骨金粟兰、九节茶等(正确答案)B功能主治抗菌消炎凉血清热解毒(正确答案)C肿节风为白色针晶(正确答案)D不易溶于甲醇，乙醇12、牛蒡子属于（）[单选题] *A香豆素类B木脂内酯(正确答案)C苯丙酸类D黄酮类13、下列方法中哪一个不是按照色谱法的操作形式不同而进行分类的（）[单选题] * A离子交换色谱(正确答案)B薄层吸附色谱C纸色谱D吸附柱色谱14、醇提醚沉法主要适用于以下的哪一类成分（）[单选题] *A多糖B叶绿素C皂苷(正确答案)D黏液质15、一般情况下，为无色的化合物是（）[单选题] *A黄酮B花色素C二氢黄酮(正确答案)D查耳酮16、木脂素母核结构中的C6-C3单体数目为（）[单选题] * A1个B2个(正确答案)C3个D4个17、牛蒡子属于（）[单选题] *A香豆素类B木脂内酯(正确答案)C苯丙酸类D18、即有一定亲水性，又能与水分层的是（）[单选题] *A正丁醇B乙酸乙酯C二者均是(正确答案)D二者均非19、能提取出中药中的大部分亲水性成分和绝大部分亲脂性成分的溶剂是（）[单选题]* A乙醚B乙醇(正确答案)C水D苯20、在溶剂沉淀法中，主要是在溶液中加入另一种溶剂一改变混合溶剂的什么实现的（）[单选题] *ApH值B溶解度C极性(正确答案)D体积21、中药厚朴中含有的厚朴酚是（）[单选题] *A双环氧木脂素类B联苯环辛烯型木脂素类C环木脂内酯木脂素类D新木脂素类(正确答案)22、在脱铅处理中，一般通入的气体为（）[单选题] * A氯化氢B二氧化硫C硫化氢(正确答案)D二氧化碳23、阿托品是莨菪碱的（）[单选题] *A左旋体B右旋体C同分异构体D外消旋体(正确答案)24、水蛭的主要化学成分是（）[单选题] *A有机酸B蛋白质(正确答案)C多糖D生物碱25、下列哪个中药中含有机酸（）[单选题] *A金银花(正确答案)B大黄C黄芩D乌头26、香豆素与浓度高的碱长时间加热生成的产物是（）[单选题] * A脱水化合物B顺式邻羟基桂皮酸(正确答案)C反式邻羟基桂皮酸D醌式结构27、容易发霉变质的是（）[单选题] *A中药水提取液(正确答案)B中药乙醇提取液C二者均是D二者均非28、没有挥发性也不能升华的是（）[单选题] *A香豆素苷类(正确答案)B游离蒽醌类C樟脑D游离香豆素豆素类29、关于黄酮类化合物，以下说法正确的是（）[单选题] * A多为液态或呈挥发性B多为无色C因分子内多具有酚羟基，多呈酸性(正确答案)D易溶于水30、四氢硼钠反应变红的是（）[单选题] *A山柰酚B橙皮素(正确答案)C大豆素D红花苷。