1. 主题句在文首(4篇)

第一篇: 2012海淀一模DThe “halo effect” is a classic finding in social psychology. It is the idea that general evaluations (评价)about a person (e.g. she is likeable) influence judgments about their specific traits（品质）(e.g. she is intelligent). Hollywood stars give the perfect example. Because they are often attractive and likeable, we naturally consider they are also intelligent, friendly and so on. That is, sometimes, not true.In the 1970s, well-known social psychologist Richard Nisbett set out to prove the fact that we actually pay little attention to our thought processes in general, especially to the halo effect.Nisbett wanted to examine the way students made judgments about teachers. They had been divided into two groups to watch two different videos of the same teacher, who happened to have a strong Indian accent. One group watched the teacher answer a series of questions in an extremely warm and friendly manner. The second group saw exactly the same person answer exactly the questions in a cold and distant manner. In one the teacher appeared to like teaching and students, and in the other he came across as someone powerful who didn’t like teaching at all.After each group of students watched the videos they were asked to evaluate the teacher on physical appearance, mannerisms and even his accent (mannerisms were kept the same across both videos). The same as the halo effect infers, students who saw the “warm” one evaluated him more attractive, his mannerisms more likeable and even his accent as more pleasing. This was unsurprising as it backed up the ideas on the halo effect. At the same time, for those who had seen the other video, the result was just the wrong way around.The surprise is that students had no clue why they gave one teacher higher evaluations. Most said that how much they liked the teacher had not influenced their evaluation of his individual traits at all.The halo effect is fascinating and now well-used in the business world. For example, books that have “Harvard Classics” written on the front can ask twice the price of the exact same book without it. The same is true in the fashion industry.So, the next time you consider buying a pair of designer jeans or decide whether you like someone, ask yourself whether the halo effect is operating. Are you really evaluating the traits of the person? This simple check could save you wasting your money or refusing a loyal friend. Or perhaps, even if you do check, you’ll still never know.59. The passage is mainly about _____.A．t he cause of the halo effectB．the development of the halo effectC．the evaluation of the halo effectD．t he influence of the halo effect第二篇：2012丰台一模CDO you have a lucky number? What is it?Many people have a special number thatthey hope will bring them good luck.In Chinese culture, some numbers arebelieved to be lucky or unlucky based on theChinese word that the number soundssimilar to.For example, the word for the number 8 sounds similar to the word for “making a fortune”. So, people consider it a very lucky number. Some people will even spend a lot of money to have 8s in their phone numbers or vehicle license plate (车牌照) numbers. The opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics began at 8:08 p.m. on August 8, 2008.The number 9 is also a lucky number because of its connection to the emperors of China. There were nine dragons on emperors’ robes(龙袍) and Chinese myth held that the dragon has nine children. The number 9 also stands for “long lasting”. That’s why a man aSo what’s a “bad luck” number in China? It might be 4. Many Chinese peoplesee 4 as a “bad luck” number because it sounds similar to the character for “death”.Because of this, many buildings skip the fourth floor, and simply call it the fifth floor. In Hong Kong, some buildings even skip all floors numbered with 4, such as, 4, 14, 24, 34 and all 40-49 floors. Some buildings also skip the 13th floor, as this is considered an unlucky number in many Christian countries. As a result, a building whose highest floor is 50 may have only 35 physical floors.55. What is the passage mainly about?A. Good luck and bad luck in China.B. Lucky and unlucky numbers in China.C. Some facts with lucky or unlucky numbers.D. Lucky and unlucky numbers in culture.第三篇：2011年石景山二模DThe signs for harmony（融洽）may not be clear in some families. But it seems that four out of five young people now get on with their parents, which is the far different of the popularly-held image（印象）of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family fights.An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it has ever been in the past. “We were surprised by just how happy today’s young people seem to be about their families,” said one member of the research team. “They’re expected to be rebellious（叛逆的）but in fact they have other things on their minds, for example, they want a car and they may worry about whether school is serving them well. There’s more discussion between parents and children, and children expect to take part in the family decision. They don’t want to rock the boat.”So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat their children as friends. “My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me,” says 17-years-old Daniel Lazall. “I always tell them when I’m going out clubbing. As long as they know what I’m doing, they’re fine with it.” Susan Crome, who is now 21, agrees. “Looking back on the last 10 years, there was a lot of what you could call discussion. For example, as long as I’d done all my homework, I could go out on a Saturday night. But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that.”Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenage rebellion is not rooted in real facts. A researcher says, “Our surprise that teenagers say they get along well with their parents comes because of a short period in out social history when teenagers were regarded as different beings. But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents really only happened during that one time in the 1960s when everyone rebelled. The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the family business to taking it over.”60. What is the passage mainly about?A. Harmony in family.B. Education in family.C. Discussion in family.D. Teenager trouble in family.第四篇:2010年东城一模DSome people think that they have an answer to the problems of automobile crowding and pollution in large cities. Their answer is the bicycle, or bike.In a great many cities, hundreds of people ride bicycles to work every day. In New York City, some bike riders have even for med a group called “Bike for a B etter City”. They claim that if more people rode bicycles to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city and therefore less dirty air from car engines.For several years this group has been trying to get city government to help bicycle riders. For example, they want the city to paint special lanes—for bicycles only—on some of the main streets, because when bicycle riders must use the same lanes as cars, there may be accidents. “Bike for a Better City” feels that if there were special lanes, more people would use bikes.But no bicycle lanes have been painted yet. Not everyone thinks it is a good idea. Taxi drivers don’t like the idea—they say it will slow traffic. Some store owners on the main streets don’t like the idea—they say that if there is less traffic, they will have less business. And most people live too far from downtown to travel by bike.The city government has not yet decided what to do. It wants to keep everyone happy. On weekends, Central Park—the largest open place in New York—is closed to cars, and the roads may be used by bicycles only. But “Bike for a Better City” says that this is not enough and keeps fighting to get bicycle lanes downtown. Until that happens, the safest place to bicycle may be in the park.60. This passage is mainly about __________.A. city problems and “Bike for a Better City”B. “Bike for a Better City” and the city governmentC. the government’s idea on traffic and city pollutionD.a suggestion on the city problems of traffic and pollution。