河北省邯郸市永年县一中2019届高三物理上学期周测试题(11.30)
河北省邯郸市永年县一中2019届高三上学期11月30日周测英语试卷
高三英语周测时间90分钟分值 120分一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,每题2分,共30.0分)AHong Kong Biking Tour Hong Kong Biking Tour includes a visit to an age-oldwalled village,a mysterious tree house and a world-class bird reserve.Youwill cycle to the south of the Mai Po Reserve,where thousands of migratorybirds spend the winter.Then it is on to Yuen Long Restaurant for lunch.Thefull version of the tour continues through more wetlands around Deep Bay andthe Lau Fau Shan fishing village.The day concludes with an optional two orA. Thurs,August 10,2017B. Tues,April 11,2017C. Wed,September 6,2017D. Sat,February 18,20172.If four adults go on the biking tour,they will pay at leastin total ______ .A. HK ﹩2200B. HK ﹩2800C. HK ﹩700D. HK ﹩5503.Who will most probably sign up for the tour?______A. A young couple who are fond of fashion.B. An old man who likes fishing and hunting.C. A college student who is fascinated by nature.D. A high school girl who is interested in transportation.BA frog's jump is not as simple as it seems. Australian scientists have discovered that different species adopt different jumping styles depending on their environment. Lead researcher, Miss Marta Vidal-Garcia(PhD candidate, Australian National University), found that tree dwelling frogs reached great heights but didn't cover much distance withtheir jumps. Aquatic frogs, meanwhile, jumped very long distances but remained close to the ground. On the other hand, the jumps of burrowing frogs were low both in height and distance. The scientists used high speed video cameras to film the jumps of approximately 230 wild frogs, from 30 different species."We searched actively for the frogs at night after heavy rains during their breeding season, as they are more likely to be active," Miss Vidal-Garcia said. The frogs were caught by hand and filmed in the field with two high-speed filming cameras in order to get a Three-Dimensional view of their jumps. The videos were then analyzed frame by frame by computer software and variables including height, distance and speed were measured. The results showed that frogs from different habitats adopt distinct jumping styles.Frogs from different habitats also had distinct shapes. "Burrowing frogs have very squat(蹲) bodies and short limbs," explained Miss Vidal-Garcia. "This is because they tend to occupy arid environments so this helps to minimize water loss through their permeable(有渗透性的) skin. The aquatic frogs, however, have more streamlined bodies with longer limbs to improve swimming ability."Miss Vidal-Garcia added "In the future, I am hoping to do more fieldwork so that I can collect data from fifty species and cover all the Australian frog clades(分化枝). I also want to investigate how the shape of the pelvis(骨盆) influences jumping style."4.Which of the following factors is probably not linked to the jumping styles offrogs?A. Pelvis shape.B. Species.C. Habitats.D. Skin feature.5.Which of the following statements is true?A. Tree dwelling frogs jump high and far.B. Burrowing frogs jump low and far.C. Aquatic frogs jump low and far.D. Burrowing frogs don't jump much.6.What can we know from the passage?A. Frogs tend to be active before breeding season.B. More than 230 species were filmed in the research.C. More fieldwork may be done to know further about the jumping style.D. Environment alone decides the jumping styles of frogs.7.The underlined word "arid" can probably be replaced by ________.A. darkB. dryC. wetD. brightCFed up with constantly having to recharge or replace batteries in your ever-expanding electronic devices?The solution may be just a few steps away."Energy harvesting"promises to power countless consumer devices,often withnothing more than your body's movement or heat.Dozens of companies around the world already offer such products,but many experts believe the market for the technology could explode due to electronic devices being developed for the Internet of Things."It's huge,"said Graham Martin,CEO of the EnOcean Alliance,a San Ramon-based group of businesses that promotes wireless energy-harvesting technologies.With the Internet of Things expected to combine billions of devices,"if they are all battery-powered,we'll have a problem because there's not enough lithium (锂)in the world,"he added."So a lot of them will have to use energy harvesting."Among the most basic forms of the technology is body power.When certain materials are squeezed or stretched,the movement of their atoms creates an electrical charge.Automatic watches have employed the concept for decades,for example,by winding themselves when their user moves their arm.Now,the concept is being considered for a number of other devices.In a contest seeking visionary ideas for wearable technologies,Intel awarded﹩5,000 for a concept to change the temperature difference between a person's body and a special piece of clothing they'd wear into electricity for mobile devices.Using sound to power devices is another energy-harvesting variation.Stanford University engineers are testing smart microchips (芯片)that create electricity from ultrasound (超声波)to power implantable (可植入的)devices that can analyze a person's nervous system or treat their diseases.A textile (纺织品)research association in Spain is proposing to obtain electricity from radio waves that flow around everyone to power sensors sewn into clothes,which can monitor a person's heartbeat or other vital signs.Research firm IDTechEx has estimated that annual global sales of energy-harvesting products could hit﹩2.6 billion by 2024,while WinterGreen Research predicts sales of﹩4.2 billion by 2019.Obtaining stable energy from devices can be complex,however.For one thing,the motion that generates the electricity has to be constant to be useful.Moreover,the amount of power the devices produce depends on the person using them,according to a Columbia University study.It determined that taller people on average provide about 20percent more power than shorter ones when walking,running or cycling.It's also unclear how eagerly consumers might welcome energy-harvesting products.While such devices are expected to cost less than battery-powered alternatives when compared over many years,experts say,people may continue buying ones with batteries merely because those would be cheaper in the short term.8.Which"explode"in the following sentences has the most similar meaning to theword"explode"in Paragraph 2?______A. They were clearing up when the second bomb exploded.B. The continued tension could explode into more violence.C. The population exploded to 40,000during the last tourist season.D. The boss exploded when he heard of the resignation of the secretary.9.What makes"energy harvesting"necessary according to the passage?______A. The waste of lithium in the world.B. The increasing number of electronic devices.C. The development of technology.D. The pollution caused by batteries.10.It can be learned from the passage that ______ .A. energy-harvesting products save money in the long runB. taller people can surely produce a larger amount of powerC. automatic watches harvest energy from the users'body heatD. two ways of harvesting energy are mentioned in the passage11.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?______A. Energy harvesting:a low-risk technologyB. Energy harvesting:a high-profit technologyC. Energy harvesting:a problem-free technologyD. Energy harvesting:an environment-friendly technology.DYou know the saying"You're as young as you feel."Well,there may be some truth to that,according to researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Ellen Langer,a Harvard psychologist who studies how the mind influences the body,and colleagues reviewed the scientific literature for evidence that a person's perception of their age might influence their health.They published their results in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science.In one study that Langer led,47 women had their hair done.The women who thought their new hairdos made them look younger did look younger to objective observers,who were shown before-and-after pictures.The women who thought they looked younger also showed a drop in blood pressure.Another study involving 4,421 men found that those who became bald (秃顶)at a relatively young age were more likely to get cancer and heart disease than men who did not.Similarly,another study involving 2,017 men found that those who lost their hair early were more likely to develop heartdisease."We believe that the feelings associated with being older than one's real age account for some of these health outcomes,"the researchers wrote.The researchers also described studies that found that women who had children later in life were more likely to be healthier and live longer than those who had children early,which they attributed to the fact that these mothers tend to spend more time with younger women.Similarly,people who marry younger partners tend to live longer than those who marry older partners,according to other studies.Taken together,the research"supports the general mind-body hypothesis (假说)that when a younger mind is prepared,a younger body can accompanyit."While themechanism (机制)remains unclear,the researchers figured that suggestions associated with aging can"make one unconsciously or consciously aware of old age and set in motion a series of physiological processes that can have real effects on short-term and long-term health."12.The underlinedword"perception"in Paragraph 2 means ______ .A. viewB. appearanceC. influenceD. creation13.Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 3?______A. Blood pressure is highly related to hairdos.B. Getting cancer or heart disease is the cause of hair losing.C. Feeling older than real age may be tied to health problems.D. The women who love hairdos look younger than those who don't.14.It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that ______ .A. a younger mother is more likely to live longerB. the younger one of a couple lives much longerC. often staying with younger people can benefit peopled healthD. people who want to live longer need to marry young15.The passage mainly tells us that ______ .A.Getting bald too early is not good for healthB.Women had better give birth later in their lifeC.Feeling younger to a couple is very important to their healthD.People's feeling of their age may have an effect on their own health二、七选五(本大题共10小题,每题2分,共20.0分)(一)Have you ever managed people who didn’t trust one another? (16) As a leader, what can you do to create a culture of trust within your team? Here are some tips for you.Lead by example. If you want to build trust within your team, then lead by example and show your people that you trust others. (17) Never forget that your team members are always watching and learning from you. Take the opportunity to show them what trust in others really looks like.Know each other personally. One way to build trust is to encourage your team members to see their colleagues as people. Think about creating situations that help them share personal stories and bond. (18) Start by sharing some personal information about yourself, and then ask someone else about a hobby, or a musical interest.(19) When people work together, honest mistakes and disappointments happen, and it’s easy to blame someone who causes these. However, when everyone starts pointing fingers, an unpleasant atmosphere can quickly develop. Instead, encourageeveryone to think about the mistake in a constructive way. What can you all do to fix what happened, and move forward together? And how can you make sure that this mistake doesn’t happen again?Discourage cliques(小集团). Sometimes, cliques can form within a team, often between team members who share common interests or work tasks. However, these groups can make others feel isolated. (20) Start an open discussion about this with your team members, and see what they think about cliques and their effect on other group members.A. Don’t place blame.B. Discuss trust issues in private.C. They can also weaken trust between group members.D. If you have, then you’ll know how challenging this can be.E. This means trusting your team, your colleagues, and your boss.F. Trust means that you rely on someone else to do the right thing.G. Do this by asking sensitively about their family or about their hobbies.(二)Do Actions Speak Louder than Words?Our society is fast paced.We are all rushing from one place to the next,blowing our horn at slow drivers who may be singing songs in the car with their children or pointing out some interesting sights.We don't have time for that silliness today.But we try to say to ourselves that we will make time for fun tomorrow.It is time to take a few deep breaths and think about our actions and our words.(21)______Have you ever really thought about the saying"Actions speak louder than words"?Think about it now.If you say one thing and act in an opposite way,will the words be ignored and just the actions remembered?I don't don't think so.(22)______ It is also equally important to use words to show appreciation,love,approval and happiness and then follow those words with a hug,pat on the back or smile.(23)______ What about that saying?True?Yes!Words carry a lot of weight and will beremembered for years especially when they are written down.Mean words can hurt for that moment and for a lifetime.I am sure that each of us remembers a time when a friend made an unkind comment.(24)______ Let's not be a member of that"club".When was the last time that you hid a love note in a lunch box or in your mate's coat pocket?If you want to see a bright smile,that will do it!The power of this written note will be remembered for many days,even years."I can live for two months on a good compliment(夸奖)",said Mark Twain.Childrengrowstronger when they feel appreciated and understood.(25)______ A perfect way to turn a bad day around is to praise your child."I noticed that your hair looked very nice today.""Did you hang your coat up all by yourself?"It is amazing how those few words can change a child's outlook…almost immediately.Don't stop there…One of my sisters ended a phone conversation with three words---"I love you"!Boy,that put a spring in my step!Mark Twain is right.I still feel the positive effect of those three little but very powerful words.A.The pen is more powerful than the sword.B.Is it really reasonable to do something like that?C.Do they display the attitude that we want to convey?D.It is important to have your words match your actions.E.Behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows his image.F.Those words did lasting damage to you,the relationship or both.G.Don't be afraid to shower your child with encouraging words all day long.三、完形填空(本大题共20小题,每题1.5分,共30.0分)"It's time to wake up,Emily," my mom sang from the kitchen.I(26) to open my eyes.Why didn't the alarm on my cellphone go off?Soon,I realized today was the day for my(27):"A day without technology."I didn't realize what I had gotten myself into until I was driving to school in my car in(28).No radio blasting my favorite songs,I had to sing to myself.As soon as I got to school,I went to the library to print out my English project from my flash drive."Uh-oh," I thought."This isn't(29)." The school day went on and I finally grew (30) the rule.This wasn't so(31)! I could do this every day.I drove home in silence again,and my (32) eventually went into after-school mode (模式),(33)on what I would eat for supper and who would be voted off (被淘汰出局)American Idol later that night.The (34)thing I did was chatting with friends on Facebook,checking email and watching a video on YouTube,all at the same time! My mom walked in and her jaw dropped."What happened to no(35)?" she asked me.I froze for the second time that day and (36) myself to go back to reality.I had (37).This experiment,which many teenagers would(38)have the courage to attempt,was actually(39) to me.Even though my attempt at going about my day without these luxuries (奢侈品)was a failure,I realized that if I really tried,I would be completely (40)without my addiction to technology.Hey,we may even (41)we like talking to our families instead of watching TV.We might (42) a bicycle ride or a walk to the park instead of looking at pages and pages of Facebook pictures.These devices(43) make my life easier,and I surely wouldn't (44) getting rid of themaltogether,but I do believe the lives of today's teenagers would be dramatically (45) without our tech dependence.26 A. refused B. decided C. tried D. pretended27 A. adventure B. experiment C. program D. exploration28 A. silence B. doubt C. surprise D. excitement29 A. required B. expected C. forgotten D. allowed30 A. interested in B. annoyed with C. accustomed to D. impatient with31 A. hard B. easy C. strange D. comfortable32 A. rule B. plan C. role D. mind33 A. agreeing B. focusing C. counting D. depending34 A. one B. first C. next D. last35 A. homework B. control C. pressure D. technology36 A. invited B. forced C. permitted D. warned37 A. improved B. started C. failed D. finished38 A. never B. even C. just D. once39 A. available B. convenient C. beneficial D. avoidable40 A. fine B. awkward C. creative D. successful41 A. believe B. find C. promise D. prove42A. quit B. regret C. hate D. enjoy43 A. hardly B. suddenly C. certainly D. simply44 A. recommend B. mind C. practice D. prevent45 A. boring B. different C. difficult D. complicated四、语法填空(本大题共10小题,每题1.5分,共15.0分)In our lives,many of us will find(46)______ (we)caring for an elderly parent.This is never easy;it can take great efforts(47)______ (emotional)and physically,and the financial challenges can sometimes seem(48)______ our ability.Often one of the(49)______ (hard)things is striking a balance between your parent's desire to feel independent and your control of their life,with the need to ensure they are safe and their health needs(50)______ (attend)to.Sometimes this can create tensions (紧张)and arguments,only(51)______ (add)to the stress of an already difficult situation.It is important here to make them feel they are being listened to,and(52)______ they know you only have their best interests at heart.It's the same with financial issues.To cover the costs of their parent's care,many people will consider the choices such as selling the family home.The most important thing here is(53)______ (communicate)-it counts much to make sure that everyone(54)______ (involve)is aware of(55)______ is being proposed and singing from the same hymn (圣歌)sheet.五、单词拼写(共10小题,每题1.5分,共15分)56.Some aid experts and storm ___________ (survive) say only a small number ofvictims have received help.57.Though looking at both pictures for a long time, he still couldn’t tell those______________ (similar) between them.58.Neil Armstrong is the first ______________(宇航员) to walk on the moon.59. It is not worth___________(牺牲)your health for your career.60. All children should be encouraged to develop their full___________(潜能).61We would not criticise religion or _______ (宗教的)freedom.62. _____________(expose)children too much TVs does harm to them.63.There is no_______(equal)between the sexes in many countries in the world.64.I do not believe that we have found or even approached _______ (完美).65.This kind of animal came into _________ (存在) on this continent three million years ago.六、短文改错(每题1分,共10分)This term I joined in the Chinese painting club in our school. The members of our club met once a week. We have difference activities and I enjoy all of it. We've invited some well-known painters to a club to talk about the history of Chinese painting but teach us the basic techniques of drawing. At the weekend, we usually go to visit art galleries, where we study the masterpieces of famous artist and discuss what we understand the works. I am very glad that our club getting more and more attractive. And I'm sure that our schoolmates will get to love our great traditionally culture and art.英语周测答案一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,每题2分,共30.0分)A篇DAC B篇DCCB C篇CBAD D篇ACDD二、七选五(本大题共10小题,每题2分,共20.0分)(一)16-20 DEGAC (二)21-25 CDAFG.三、完形填空(本大题共20小题,每题1.5分,共30.0分)26-30 CBADC 31-35 ADBCD 36-40 BCACA 41-45 BDCAB四、语法填空(本大题共10小题,每题1.5分,共15.0分)46.ourselves 47.emotionally 48.beyond 49.hardest 50.to be attended /attending51.adding 52.that munication 54.involved 55.what五、单词拼写(本大题共10小题,每题1.5分,共15分)56.survivors 57.similarities 58.astronaut 59.sacrificing 60. potential 61.religious 62.Exposing 63.equality 64.perfection 65.existence六改错(本大题每题1分,共10分)This term I joined in the Chinese painting club in our school. The members of our club met once a week. We have difference different meetactivities and I enjoy all of it. We've invited some well-known painters to a club to talk about the history of Chinese paintingthem thebut teach us the basic techniques of drawing. At the weekend, we usually go to visit art galleries, where we study theandmasterpieces of famous artist and discuss what we understand the works. I am very glad that our club^ getting more andartists howismore attractive. And I'm sure that our schoolmates will get to love our great traditionally culture and art.traditional。
河北省邯郸市永年县一中2019届高三生物上学期周测试题11.302
河北省邯郸市永年县一中2019届高三生物上学期周测试题(11.30)本试卷共16题,满分100分,考试时间40分钟第I卷(选择题,共60分)一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每题5分,共60分。
每小题只有一个选项最符合题意。
) 1.细胞中不同结构间联系密切,下列叙述中正确的是A.大肠杆菌中的高尔基体将加工成熟的载体蛋白运至细胞膜B.叶肉细胞发生质壁分离复原时水通过原生质层渗入细胞液C.肝脏细胞中mRNA从细胞核被运入溶酶体以指导合成蛋白质D.有氧条件下酵母菌细胞质基质产生的NADPH和丙酮酸进入线粒体2.关于细胞的分化、衰老、凋亡与癌变,下面选项中表述正确的是A.细胞分化是由于DNA的多样性,而导致细胞形态结构发生改变B.细胞衰老的原因可能是由于细胞内自由基耗尽,而使细胞代谢紊乱C.在成熟生物体中,被病原体感染细胞的清除是通过凋亡完成的D.若细胞中原癌基因不断累积,达到5~6个,则细胞很容易癌变3.如图曲线Ⅰ表示黄豆光合作用速率与光照强度的关系(适宜温度、CO2浓度为0.03%)。
在y 点时改变某条件,曲线变为Ⅱ。
下列分析合理的是A.与y点相比,x点叶绿体中的C3含量较低B.在y点时,升高温度导致曲线由Ⅰ变为ⅡC.制约x点光合作用的因素主要是叶绿体中色素的含量D.制约z点光合作用的因素可能是CO2浓度5.下列为卵巢中一些细胞图像,下列关于它们的说法正确的是A.细胞甲是由次级卵母细胞或极体产生的B.细胞乙处于减数第一次分裂中期C.细胞乙、丙、丁都含同源染色体D.细胞丁所处时期能够发生非同源染色体的自由组合4.人的眼睛散光(A)对不散光(a)为显性;直发(B)和卷发(b)杂合时表现为波浪发,两对基因分别位于两对常染色体上。
一个其母亲正常但本人有散光症的波浪发女性,与一个无散光症的波浪发男性婚配。
下列叙述正确的是A.基因B、b的遗传不符合基因的分离定律B.卵细胞中同时含A、B的概率为1/2C.所生孩子中最多有6种不同的表现型D.生出一个无散光症直发孩子的概率为3/86.某人在琼脂固体培养基上利用肺炎双球菌做了一系列实验,实验结果如下图所示。
河北省永年县第一中学高三物理上学期期中试题
高三期中考试物理试卷说明:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷,试卷满分110分,时间90分钟。
2.第Ⅰ卷答案用2B 铅笔填涂在答题卡上,第Ⅱ卷答在答题纸上,答在试卷上无效第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共52分)一、选择题 (本题共13小题, 每小题4分、共52分,1—8题只有一个选项符合题目要求,9—13题有多个选项符合题目要求,全部选对者得4分,对而不全者得2分,有错或不答者得0分)1.我国《道路交通安全法》中规定:各种小型车辆前排乘坐的人(包括司机)必须系好安全带,这是因为( ). A .系好安全带可以减小惯性B .是否系好安全带对人和车的惯性没有影响C .系好安全带可以防止因车的惯性而造成的伤害D .系好安全带可以防止因人的惯性而造成的伤害2. 某人向放在水平地面的正前方小桶中水平抛球,结果球划着一条弧线飞到小桶的前方(如图所示).不计空气阻力,为了能把小球抛进小桶中,则下次再水平抛时,他可能作出的调整为( ).A .增大初速度,提高抛出点高度B .增大初速度,抛出点高度不变C .初速度大小不变,降低抛出点高度D .初速度大小不变,提高抛出点高度3.质量为m 的小球在竖直平面内的圆管轨道内运动,小球的直径略小于圆管的直径,如图所示.已知小球以速度v 通过最高点时对圆管的外壁的压力恰好为mg ,则小球以速度v 2通过圆管的最高点时( ).A .小球对圆管的内、外壁均无压力B .小球对圆管的内壁压力等于mg 2C .小球对圆管的外壁压力等于mg 2D .小球对圆管的内壁压力等于mg4.如图所示,水平传送带保持1 m/s 的速度运动,一质量为1 kg 的物体与传送带间的动摩擦因数为0.2.现将该物体无初速地放到传送带上的A 点,然后运动到了距A 点1 m 的B 点,则传送带对该物体做的功为( ).A .0.5 JB .2 JC .2.5 JD .5 J5.如图所示,平行金属板中带电质点P 原处于静止状态,不考虑电流表和电压表对电路的影响,当滑动变阻器4R 的滑片向b 端移动时,则( )A .电压表读数减小B .电流表读数减小C .质点P 将向上运动D .R 3上消耗的功率逐渐增大6.如图所示,质量为m 1的木块和质量为m 2的长木板叠放在水平地面上。
河北省邯郸市永年县一中2019届高三物理上学期周测试题11.162
河北省邯郸市永年县一中2019届高三物理上学期周测试题(11.16)一、选择题(每小题6分,共60分,1--8单选题,9--10多选题)1. 一物体从斜面上某点由静止开始做匀加速直线运动,经过3s 后到达斜面底端,并开始在水平地面上做匀减速直线运动,又经9s 停止,则物体在斜面上的位移与在水平面上的位移之比是( )A.1:1B.1:2C.1:3D.3:12.(10分) 质点做直线运动的位移与时间的关系为25x t t =+各物理量均采用国际单位制单位)则该质点( ) A.第1 s 内的位移是5 mB.前2 s 内的平均速度是6/m sC.任意相邻1 s 内的位移差都是1 mD.任意1 s 内的速度增量都是2/m s3. 质量为M 的光滑圆槽放在光滑水平面上,一水平恒力F 作用在其上促使质量为m 的小球相对静止在圆槽上,如图所示,则( )A.小球对圆槽的压力为MFM m +B.小球对圆槽的压力为mFM m+C.水平恒力F 变大后,如果小球仍静止在圆槽上,小球对圆槽的压力增加D.水平恒力F 变大后,如果小球仍静止在圆槽上,小球对圆槽的压力减小4. 如图所示,两个质量分别为11m kg =、24m kg =的物体置于光滑的水平面上,中间用轻质弹簧秤连接.两个大小分别为130F N =、220F N =的水平拉力分别作用在1m 、2m 上,则达到稳定状态后,下列说法正确的是( )A.弹簧测力计的示数是25 NB.弹簧测力计的示数是50NC.在突然撤去2F 的瞬间, 2m 的加速度大小为72/m s D.在突然撤去1F 的瞬间, 2m 的加速度大小为132/m s5. 将冥王星和土星绕太阳的运动都看做匀速圆周运动。
已知冥王星绕太阳的公转周期约是土星绕太阳的公转周期的8倍,那么冥王星和土星绕太阳运行的轨道半径之比约为( )A.2:1B.4:1C.8:1D.16:16. 小物块位于光滑的斜面上,斜面位于光滑的水平地面上.从地面上看,在小物块沿斜面下滑的过程中,斜面对小物块的作用力( )A.垂直于接触面,做功为零B.垂直于接触面,做功不为零C.不垂直于接触面,做功为零D.不垂直于接触面,做功不为零7. 在光滑的绝缘水平面上,有一个正方形的abcd。
2019届河北省邯郸市高三上学期测试物理试卷(解析版)
河北省邯郸市2019届高三物理测试题一、选择题1.根据你对物理概念和规律的理解,下列说法中正确的是()A.静止的物体可能受滑动摩擦力作用,运动的物体可能受静摩擦力作用B.物体的运动状态发生变化时,加速度一定发生了变化C.摩擦力的大小总是与正压力的大小成正比D.竖直上抛运动的物体到达最高点时速度为零,加速度也为零【答案】A【解析】试题分析:人走路时脚受到地面给的静摩擦力,人是运动的,受到静摩擦力,推着箱子在水平面上运动时,地面是静止的,却受到滑动摩擦力,A正确;做匀变速直线运动过程中,加速度恒定,物体的速度发生变化,即运动状态发生变化,B错误;静摩擦力与接触面间的正压力无关,C错误;竖直上抛运动,在最高点速度为零,但加速度不为零,D错误;考点:考查了摩擦力,加速度,竖直上抛运动【名师点睛】一个物体在另一个物体表面上滑动时,所受到的阻碍物体间相对运动的力叫做滑动摩擦力;摩擦力的方向有时跟物体运动方向相同,有时跟物体运动方向相反;有时是阻力、有时是动力,2.质量为2的质点在平面上做曲线运动,在方向的速度图象和方向的位移图象如图所示,下列说法正确的是()A.质点的初速度为3B.质点所受的合外力为3C.质点初速度的方向与合外力方向垂直D.2末质点速度大小为6【答案】B【解析】【分析】根据速度图象判断物体在x轴方向做匀加速直线运动,y轴做匀速直线运动.根据位移图象的斜率求出y 轴方向的速度,再将两个方向的合成,求出初速度.质点的合力一定,做匀变速运动.y轴的合力为零.根据斜率求出x 轴方向的合力,即为质点的合力.【详解】当t=0时通过速度图线可以看出x 轴方向的分速度为3m/s ,在y 轴上,通过位移图线可以看出在y 轴方向的分运动为匀速直线运动,速度为v y =4m/s ,因此质点的初速度为,故A 错误;y 轴上匀速运动,所受合力为零,在x 轴加速度为,由牛顿第二定律可知x 轴所受合力为F x =ma x =3N ,物体所受合外力为3N ,故B 正确;质点初速度方向与x 轴成锐角,与合外力方向不垂直,故C 错误;在2s 末x 轴分速度为6m/s ,y 轴分速度为4m/s ,合速度大于6m/s ,故D 错误;故选B.3.如图所示,在水平放置的半径为的圆柱体轴线的正上方的点,将一个小球以水平速度垂直圆柱体的轴线抛出,小球飞行一段时间后恰好从圆柱体的点沿切线飞过,测得、连线与竖直方向的夹角为,那么小球完成这段飞行的时间是()A.B.C.D.【答案】C 【解析】试题分析:小球以水平速度v 0垂直圆柱体的轴线抛出后做平抛运动,将其沿水平和竖直方向分解,在水平方向上做匀速直线运动,在竖直方向上做自由落体运动。
河北省邯郸市永年县一中2019届高三物理上学期周测试题12.21
河北省邯郸市永年县一中2019届高三物理上学期周测试题(12.21)一、选择题(本题共10小题,每题6分、共60分,1—7题只有一个选项吻合题目要求,8—10题有多个选项吻合题目要求,全部选对者得6分,对而不全者得3分,有错或不答者得0分)1.将一物体以某一初速度竖直上抛.物体在运动过程中收到一大小不变的空气阻力作用,它从抛出点到最高点的运动时间为t1,再从最高点回到抛出点的运动时间为t2,若是没有空气阻力作用,它从抛出点到最高点所用的时间为t0.则()A. t1>t0,t2<t1B. t1<t0,t2>t1C. t1>t0,t2>t1D. t1<t0,t2<t12.【2015·上海·16】如图,战机在斜坡上方进行投弹演练。
战机水平匀速翱翔,每隔相等时间释放一颗炸弹,第一颗落在a点,第二颗落在b点。
斜坡上c、d两点与a、b共线,且ab=bc=cd,不计空气阻力。
第三颗炸弹将落在A.bc之间B.c点C.cd之间D.d点3.以下列图,两水平平行金属导轨间接有电阻R,置于匀强磁场中,导轨上垂直放置两根金属棒ab、cd.当用外力F拉动ab棒向右运动的过程中,cd棒将会()A.向右运动.B.向左运动C.保持静止D.向上跳起4.在以下列图的电路中,AB支路由带铁芯的线圈和电流表A1组成,流过的电流强度为I1,CD支路由电阻R和电流表A2串通组成,流过的电流强度为I2,两支路的电阻值相同,则在K接通和断开时观察到的现象是()A.K接通的瞬时I1<I2,断开的瞬时I1>I2B .K 接通的瞬时I1<I2,断开的瞬时I1=I2C .K 接通的瞬时I1=I2,断开的瞬时I1<I2D .K 接通的瞬时I1>I2,断开的瞬时I1=I2 5.(2017全国卷Ⅱ)如图,半圆形圆滑轨道固定在水平川面上,半圆的直径与地面垂直.一小物块以速度v 从轨道下端滑入轨道,并从轨道上端水平飞出,小物块落地点到轨道下端的距离与轨道半径相关,此距离最大时.对应的轨道半径为(重力加速度大小为g )A .216v gB .8v gC .4v gD .2v g6.【2017·北京卷】以下列图,理想变压器的原线圈接在2202s i n π(V )u t =的交流电源上,副线圈接有R=55 Ω的负载电阻,原、副线圈匝数之比为2:1,电流表、电压表均为理想电表。
河北省邯郸市2019届高三上学期期末物理试卷
河北省邯郸市2019届高三上学期期末物理试卷本试题卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共16页,38题(含选考题)。
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一、选择题1.物理兴趣小组希望验证如下猜想:从斜面上滑下的小车,装载物体的质量越大,到达斜面底部的速度就越大。
如图所示是两种不同规格的小车(车轮颜色不同),装有不同数量的木块(每个木块的质量相同),从不同高度释放的九种情形。
你认为他们应该选用哪三种情况进行比较验证( )A. 1、2、3B. 4、5、6C. 7、8、9D. 2、5、8【答案】C【解析】【详解】实验中要验证从斜面滑下的小车,装载物体的质量越大和到达斜面底部的速度这两个量之间的关系,根据控制变量法的思路,所以应选高度相同、车轮相同的情况下进行比较,来改变装载物体的质量的多少,从而判断装载物体的质量越大和到达斜面底部的速度这两个量之间的关系,故选择⑦、⑧、⑨三种情况分析;故选C。
河北省邯郸市永年区一中2019届高三上学期8月月考物理试卷
物理卷一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中. 1--8题只有一项符合题目要求; 9--10题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分。
)1.质量为m的钢球自高处落下,以速率v碰地,竖直向上弹回,碰撞时1间极短,离地的速率为2v.在碰撞过程中,钢球受到的冲量的方向和大小为( )A.向下,m v v B.向下,12m v v12C.向上,m v v D.向上,12m v v122.一颗子弹水平射入置于光滑水平面上的木块A并留在其中,A、B 用一根弹性良好的轻质弹簧连在一起,如图所示.则在子弹打击木块A及弹簧被压缩的过程中,对子弹、两木块和弹簧组成的系统( )A.动量守恒,机械能守恒B.动量不守恒,机械能守恒C.动量守恒,机械能不守恒D.无法判定动量、机械能是否守恒3. 下列关于场强和电势的叙述正确的是()A. 在匀强电场中,场强处处相同,电势也处处相等B. 在正点电荷形成的电场中,离点电荷越远,电势越高,场强越小C. 若取无限远处电势为零,等量异种点电荷形成的电场中,两电荷连线中点的电势为零,场强不为零D. 在任何电场中,场强越大的地方,电势也越高4.篮球运动员接传来的篮球时,通常要先伸出两臂迎接,手接触到球后,两臂随球迅速引至胸前.这样做可以( )A.减小球对手的冲量B.减小球的动量变化率C.减小球的动量变化量D.减小球的动能变化量5如图所示,质量为m、电量为q的带电小球用绝缘细线悬挂在水平向右的匀强电场中,平衡时细线与竖直方向成θ角,现使电场方向逆时针转动,转角等于90°.若要保持带电小球在原处不动,则场强大小( )A.保持不变B.逐渐增大C.逐渐减小D.先变小后变大6.a、b、c、d是匀强电场中的四个点,它们正好是一个矩形的四个顶点.电场线与矩形所在平面平行.已知a点的电势为20 V,b点的电势为24 V,d点的电势为 4 V,如图,由此可知c点的电势为()。
河北省邯郸市永年县一中2019届高三物理上学期周测试题11.16.doc
河北省邯郸市永年县一中2019届高三物理上学期周测试题(11.16)一、选择题(每小题6分,共60分,1--8单选题,9--10多选题)1. 一物体从斜面上某点由静止开始做匀加速直线运动,经过3s 后到达斜面底端,并开始在水平地面上做匀减速直线运动,又经9s 停止,则物体在斜面上的位移与在水平面上的位移之比是( )A.1:1B.1:2C.1:3D.3:12.(10分) 质点做直线运动的位移与时间的关系为25x t t =+各物理量均采用国际单位制单位)则该质点( ) A.第1 s 内的位移是5 m B.前2 s 内的平均速度是6/m s C.任意相邻1 s 内的位移差都是1 m D.任意1 s 内的速度增量都是2/m s3. 质量为M 的光滑圆槽放在光滑水平面上,一水平恒力F 作用在其上促使质量为m 的小球相对静止在圆槽上,如图所示,则( )A.小球对圆槽的压力为MFM m +B.小球对圆槽的压力为mFM m+C.水平恒力F 变大后,如果小球仍静止在圆槽上,小球对圆槽的压力增加D.水平恒力F 变大后,如果小球仍静止在圆槽上,小球对圆槽的压力减小4. 如图所示,两个质量分别为11m kg =、24m kg =的物体置于光滑的水平面上,中间用轻质弹簧秤连接.两个大小分别为130F N =、220F N =的水平拉力分别作用在1m 、2m 上,则达到稳定状态后,下列说法正确的是( )A.弹簧测力计的示数是25 NB.弹簧测力计的示数是50NC.在突然撤去2F 的瞬间, 2m 的加速度大小为72/m sD.在突然撤去1F 的瞬间, 2m 的加速度大小为132/m s5. 将冥王星和土星绕太阳的运动都看做匀速圆周运动。
已知冥王星绕太阳的公转周期约是土星绕太阳的公转周期的8倍,那么冥王星和土星绕太阳运行的轨道半径之比约为( )A.2:1B.4:1C.8:1D.16:16. 小物块位于光滑的斜面上,斜面位于光滑的水平地面上.从地面上看,在小物块沿斜面下滑的过程中,斜面对小物块的作用力( )A.垂直于接触面,做功为零B.垂直于接触面,做功不为零C.不垂直于接触面,做功为零D.不垂直于接触面,做功不为零7. 在光滑的绝缘水平面上,有一个正方形的abcd 。
河北省邯郸市永年县一中2019届高三上学期11月09日周测数学(理)试卷
18.已知圆 C 的半径为 1,圆心在第一象限, 且与 y 轴相切, 与 x 轴相交于点 A、
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.
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22. 已知 圆 过 点 对称 .
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23 如题 (21) 图, 椭圆的中心为原点 O , 长轴在 x 轴上 , 离心率 e 2 , 过左焦点 F1
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y 3( x c) 与椭圆 的一个交点 M满足 MF1F2 2 MF2 F1 , 则该椭圆的离
2023-2024学年河北省邯郸市永年县第一中学物理高三上期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题含解析
2023-2024学年河北省邯郸市永年县第一中学物理高三上期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题考生请注意:1.答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内,不得在试卷上作任何标记。
2.第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后,需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内,第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。
3.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、单项选择题:本题共6小题,每小题4分,共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、如图所示是嫦娥五号的飞行轨道示意图,其中弧形轨道为地月转移轨道,轨道I是嫦娥五号绕月运行的圆形轨道。
已知轨道I到月球表面的高度为H,月球半径为R,月球表面的重力加速度为g,若忽略月球自转及地球引力影响,则下列说法中正确的是()A.嫦娥五号在轨道III和轨道I上经过Q点时的速率相等B.嫦娥五号在P点被月球捕获后沿轨道III无动力飞行运动到Q点的过程中,月球与嫦娥五号所组成的系统机械能不断增大C.嫦娥五号在轨道I上绕月运行的速度大小为() R g R HR H++D.嫦娥五号在从月球表面返回时的发射速度要小于gR2、马路施工处警示灯是红色的,除了因为红色光容易引起视觉注意以外,还因为红色光比其它可见光传播范围更广,这是由于红色光()A.更容易发生衍射B.光子的能量大C.更容易发生干涉D.更容易发生光电效应3、两电荷量分别为q1和q2的点电荷固定在x轴上的O、M两点,两电荷连线上各点电势φ随x变化的关系如图所示,其中C为ND段电势最低的点,则下列说法正确的是()A .q1、q2为等量异种电荷B .N 、C 两点间场强方向沿x 轴负方向C .N 、D 两点间的电场强度大小沿x 轴正方向先减小后增大 D .将一正点电荷从N 点移到D 点,电势能先增大后减小4、如图甲所示,小物块A 放在长木板B 的左端,一起以v 0的速度在水平台阶上向右运动,已知台阶MN 光滑,小物块与台阶PQ 部分动摩擦因数10.1μ=,台阶的P 点切线水平且与木板等高,木板撞到台阶后立即停止运动,小物块继续滑行。
河北省邯郸市永年县第一中学高三物理上学期期末试题带解析
河北省邯郸市永年县第一中学高三物理上学期期末试题含解析一、选择题:本题共5小题,每小题3分,共计15分.每小题只有一个选项符合题意1. 某个由导电介质制成的电阻截面如图所示.导电介质的电阻率为ρ,制成内、外半径分别为a和b 的半球壳层形状(图中阴影部分),半径为a、电阻不计的球形电极被嵌入导电介质的球心成为一个引出电极,在导电介质的外层球壳上镀上一层电阻不计的金属膜成为另外一个电极.设该电阻的阻值为R.下面给出R的四个表达式中只有一个是合理的,你可能不会求解R,但是你可以通过一定的物理分析,对下列表达式的合理性做出判断.根据你的判断,R的合理表达式应为()A.B.C.D.参考答案:B【考点】电阻定律.【分析】根据等式左右两边的单位是否相同,判断是否合理.当左右两边的单位相同时,等式才合理.再将b=﹣a代入分析是否合理.【解答】解:A、等式左边的单位是Ω,右边的单位是Ω,单位是合理的.将b=a代入得到R≠0,因为电阻是很薄的一层,电阻应该很小,这个等式是不合理的.故A错误.B、等式左边的单位是Ω,右边的单位是Ω,单位是合理的.将b=a代入得到R=0,根据上面分析是合理的.故B正确.C、等式左边的单位是Ω,右边的单位是Ω?m2,左右两边单位不同,则此式不合理.故C错误.D、等式左边的单位是Ω,右边的单位是Ω?m2,左右两边单位不同,则此式不合理.故D错误.故选B2. (单选)下列说法中正确的是A.失重就是物体的重力不存在了B.运动的物体惯性小,静止的物体惯性大C.在同一地点不论超重、失重或完全失重,物体所受重力的大小是不变的D.做实验时,给电磁打点计时器提供交流电源或直流电源,它都能正常工作参考答案:C3. 小球从空中自由下落,与水平地面相碰后弹到空中某一高度,其速度――时间图象如图所示,则由图可知(g = 10 m/s2)()A.小球下落的最大速度为5 m/sB.小球第一次反弹初速度的大小为3 m/sC.小球能弹起的最大高度0.45 mD.小球能弹起的最大高度1.25 m参考答案:ABC4. 家用电子调光灯的调光原理是用电子线路将输入的正弦交流电压的波形截去一部分来实现的,由截去部分的多少来调节电压,从而实现灯光的可调,比过去用变压器调压方便且体积小,某电子调光灯经调整后的电压波形如图所示,若用多用电表测灯泡两端的电压,多用电表示数为()A. B.C. D.参考答案:答案:C5. (单选)光滑斜面的长度为L,一物体自斜面顶端由静止开始匀加速滑至低端,经历的时间为t,则以下结论错误的是()A.物体在运动全过程中的平均速度是L/t;Ks5uB.物体在t/2时的瞬时速度为2L/t;C.物体运动到斜面中点时的瞬时速度是;D.物体从顶端运动到斜面中点所需时间是参考答案:B二、填空题:本题共8小题,每小题2分,共计16分6. 某同学从冰箱冷冻室中取出经较长时间冷冻的空烧瓶后,迅速把一个气球紧密地套在瓶口上,并将烧瓶放进盛有热水的烧杯里,气球逐渐膨胀起来,如图所示.烧瓶和气球里的气体内能___(选填“增大”、“不变”或“减小”),外界对气体___(选填“做正功”、“做负功”或“不做功”)参考答案:增大做负功7. 据报道:1978年澳大利亚科学家利用5m长的电磁轨道炮,将质量为3.3g的弹丸以5.9km/s 的高速发射获得成功。
河北省邯郸市永年县一中2019届高三物理上学期周测试题(11.30)
2019届高三物理上学期周测试题(11.30)一、选择题(本题共10小题,每小题6分、共60分,1—7题只有一个选项符合题目要求,8—10题有多个选项符合题目要求,全部选对者得6分,对而不全者得3分,有错或不答者得0分)1. 下列四个物理量的表达式中,采用比值定义法的是( )A.加速度Fam= B.电容4SCkdεπ=C.磁感应强度FBIL= D.电场强度2kQEr=2.地球同步卫星轨道必须在赤道平面上空,和地球有相同的角速度,才能和地球保持相对静止,关于各国发射的地球同步卫星,下列表述正确的是()A.所受的万有引力大小一定相等 B.离地面的高度一定相同C.运行的速度都大于7.9km/s D.都位于赤道上空的同一个点3..如图所示,边长为L的正六边形abcdef中,存在垂直该平面向内的匀强磁场,磁感应强度大小为B.a点处的粒子源发出大量质量为m、电荷量为+q的同种粒子,粒子的速度大小不同,方向始终垂直ab边且与磁场垂直,不计粒子的重力,当粒子的速度为v时,粒子恰好经过b点,下列说法正确的是()A.速度小于v的粒子在磁场中运动时间为B.经过d点的粒子在磁场中运动的时间为C.经过c点的粒子在磁场中做圆周运动的半径为LD.速度大于4v的粒子一定打在cd边上4. 斜面放置在水平地面上始终处于静止状态,物体在沿斜向上的拉力作用下沿斜面向上运动,某时刻撤去拉力F,那么物体在撤去拉力后的瞬间与撤去拉力前相比较,以下说法正确的是()A.斜面对地面的静摩擦力一定不变B.斜面对地面的静摩擦力一定减小了C.斜面对地面的压力一定增大了D.斜面对地面的压力一定减小了5. 空间存在着平行于x轴方向的静电场,A、M、O、N、B为x轴上的点,OA<OB,OM=ON,AB间的电势φ随x的分布为如图。
一个带电粒子在电场中仅在电场力作用下从M点由静止开始沿x轴向右运动,则下列判断中正确的是()A.粒子可能带正电 B.粒子一定能通过N点C.粒子从M向O运动过程所受电场力逐渐增大D.AO间的电场强度小于OB间的电场强度6.图中虚线为某静电场的等势面,且相邻两等势面间的电势差相等。
河北省邯郸市永年县一中届高三物理上学期周测试题.
河北省邯郸市永年县一中2019届高三物理上学期周测试题(11.09)一.选择题(本大题共10小题,每题6分,共60分。
在每题给出的四个选项中. 1--6题只有一项吻合题目要求;7--10题有多项吻合题目要求。
所有选对的得6分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分。
)1.如图,直线a、b和c、d是处于匀强电场中的两组平行线,M、N、P、Q是它们的交点,四点处的电势分别为φM、φN、φP、φQ.一电子由M点分别运动到N 点和P点的过程中,电场力所做的负功相等.则()A.直线a位于某一等势面内,φM>φQB.直线c位于某一等势面内,φM>φC.若电子由M点运动到Q点,电场力做正功D.若电子由P点运动到Q点,电场力做负功N2.关于静电场的等势面,以下说法正确的选项是()A.两个电势不相同的等势面可能订交B.电场线与等势面各处相互垂直C.同一等势面上各点电场强度必然相等D.将一负的试试电荷从电势较高的等势面移至电势较低的等势面,电场力做正功3. 以下列图,在一个粗糙水平面上,相互凑近地放置两个带同种电荷的小物块。
由静止释放后,两个物块向相反方向运动,并最后停止。
在物块的运动过程中,以下表述正确的选项是( )A.物块碰到的摩擦力向来小于其碰到的库仑力B.物块碰到的库仑力不做功C.两个物块的电势能逐渐减少D.两个物块的机械能守恒4.以下列图的闭合电路中,当滑片P 右移时,两电表读数变化是( )A .电流表变小,电压表变小B .电流表变大,电压表变大C .电流表变大,电压表变小D .电流表变小,电压表变大5. 有一款绿色环保冰箱的产品规格以下表,该冰箱每天正常工作的平均功率为( ) 电源 耗电量 输入功率 净重220V 50H z 0.9/24k W h h 125W 72k gA. 相当于900W 电饭煲的功率B.凑近于90W 电热毯的功率C.相当于125W 彩电的功率D.小于40W 白炽灯泡的功率6.如图,在匀强磁场中,两根平行固定放置的长直导线a 和b 通有大小相等、方向相反的电流,匀强磁场方向与两根导线所在平面平行且垂直于两根导线,此时a 碰到的磁场力大小为F1.若撤去b ,保留匀强磁场,则a 碰到的磁场力大小为F2;若撤去匀强磁场,保留b ,则a 碰到的磁场力大小为( )A .F1-F2B .F1+F2 C. F21-F22 D. F21+F227..以下列图,氕核、氘核、氚核三种粒子从同一地址无初速度地飘入电场线水平向右的加速电场E1,此后进入电场线竖直向下的匀强电场E2发生偏转,最后打在屏上,整个装置处于真空中,不计粒子重力及其相互作用,那么:()A.偏转电场E2对三种粒子做功相同多B.三种粒子打到屏上时速度相同大C.三种粒子运动到屏上所用时间相同D.三种粒子必然打到屏上的同一地址,8. 两块大小、形状完好相同的金属平板平行正对放置,构成一平行板电容器,与它相连接的电路以下列图,接通开关S,电源即给电容器充电.则A.保持S接通,减小两极板间的距离,则在电阻R中会出现从b流向a的电流B.断开S,增大两极板间的距离,则两极板间的场强会增大C.保持S接通,在两极板间插入一块电介质,则极板上的电荷量增大D.断开S,减小两极板间的距离,电容器上电荷量会增大9.以下列图的电路中,电源电动势为12 V,内阻为2 Ω,四个电阻的阻值已在图中标出。
河北省邯郸市永年区一中2019届高三上学期9月月考物理试卷
一.选择题 :本题共 12 小题,每小题 4 分,共 48 分。在每小题给出的四个选
项中,第 1~ 8 题只有一项符合题目要求,第 9~ 12 题有多项符合题目要求。全
部选对的得 4 分,选对但不全的得 2 分,有选错的得 0 分。
1.已知物体做直线运动,下列说法正确的是 ( )
A.小球受力个数不变
B.小球立即向左运动,且 a= 8 m/s2
C.小球立即向左运动,且 a= 10 m/s2
出打在靶墙上的弹头瞬时速度方向与竖直方向的夹角为 θ ,若不考虑空气阻力,
则根据以上条件 ( )
A.只能计算出枪口位置与弹孔位置的竖直距离
B.只能计算出枪口位置与靶
墙的水平距离
C.只能计算出弹头在空中飞行的时间
D.能计算出弹头在枪口与靶
墙间的位移
9. 如图所示, 质量为 m1 和 m2 的两物块放在
B.f1≠0,f2=0,f3= 0
C.f1≠0,f2≠ 0, f3= 0
D .f1≠0,f2≠ 0,f3≠ 0
6. 如图所示,在一辆表面光滑且足够长的小车 上,有质量为 m1 和 m2 的两个小球 (m1>m2)随车一
起匀速运动,当车突然停止时,若不考虑其他阻力,则两个小球 ( )
A.一定相碰 B.一定不相碰
C.不一定相碰 D.无法确定
7.据报道,天文学家新发现了太阳系外的一颗行星。这颗行星的体积是地球
的 a 倍,质量是地球的 b 倍。已知近地卫星绕地球运动的周期约为 T ,引力常量
为 G。则该行星的平均密度为 ( )
3 A. GT 2
B. 3T 2
3b C. aGT 2
3a D. bGT 2
河北邯郸一中2019年高三上学期年中物理试题
河北邯郸一中2019年高三上学期年中物理试题一、不定项选择题(每题4分,15小题共60分)1、以下说法正确的选项是A.平抛运动是加速度不变的运动B.匀速圆周运动是速度不变的运动C.做曲线运动的物体所受合外力一定不为零D.做直线运动的物体速度逐渐减小而加速度逐渐增大是可能的2、两物体M、m用跨过光滑定滑轮的轻绳相连,如图放置,OA、OB与水平面的夹角分别为30°、60°,M重20N,M、m均处于静止状态。
以下说法正确的选项是A、OA绳上的拉力为10NB、OB绳上的拉力为10NC、m受到的静摩擦力的大小为10〔3-1〕N,方向方向水平向左D、m受到的静摩擦力的大小为10N,方向方向水平向右3、科学研究发明在月球表面〔1〕没有空气〔2〕重力加速度约为地球表面的1/6,〔3〕没有磁场。
假设宇航员登上月球后在空中从同一高度同时释放氢气球和铅球,忽略地球和其他星球对月球的妨碍,以下说法正确的选项是A、氢气球将向上加速上升,铅球自由下落B、氢气球处于失重状态而铅球处于完全失重状态C、氢气球和铅球都将下落,但铅球先落到地面D、氢气球和铅球都将下落,且同时落地4、某电场中等势面的分布如下图,图中虚线表示等势面,过a、b两点的等势面电势分别为40V和10V,那么a、b连线的中点C处的电势应A.确信等于25VB.大于25VC.小于25VD.可能等于25V5、如下图,光滑的斜劈放在水平面上,斜面上用固定的竖直板挡住一个光滑球,当整个装置沿水平面以速度υ匀速运动时,以下说法中正确的选项是A、小球的重力不做功B、斜面对球的弹力不做功C、挡板对球的弹力不做功D、以上三种说法都正确6、如下图,一内壁粗糙的环形细圆管,位于竖直平面内,环形的半径为R〔比细管的直径大得多〕,在圆管中有一直径比细管内径略小些的小球〔可视为质点〕,小球的质量为m,设某一时刻小球通过轨道的最低点时对管壁的压力为7mg。
此后小球便作圆周运动,通过半个圆周恰能通过最高点,那么此过程中小球克服摩擦力所做的功是A、0.5mgRB.mgRC.2mgRD.3mgR7、如下图,质量为m,带电量为q的微粒,以初速度v0,从A点竖直向上射入真空中的沿水平方向的匀强电场中,微粒通过电场中B点时,速率v B=2v0,方向与电场的方向一致,那么A,B两点的电势差为8、多用电表测电阻时,以下操作中正确的选项是〔〕A、测量前检查表针是否停在左端的“O”位置,如不在那么要进行欧姆调零B、用“×1”欧姆挡,假设指针恰好在刻度30~50的正中,那么待测电阻为40ΩC、用“×1K”挡,假设指针偏转角度太大,应换成“×100”或“×10”或“×1”D、每次换挡后都要重新欧姆调零9、先后用相同材料制成的橡皮条彼此平行地沿水平方向拉同一质量为m的物块,且每次使橡皮条的伸长量均相同,物块m在橡皮条的拉力作用下所产生的加速度a与所拉橡皮条的数目n的关系如下图。
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河北省邯郸市永年县一中2019届高三物理上学期周测试题(11.30)
一、选择题(本题共10小题,每小题6分、共60分,1—7题只有一个选项符合题目要求,8—10
题有多个选项符合题目要求,全部选对者得6分,对而不全者得3分,有错或不答者得0分)1. 下列四个物理量的表达式中,采用比值定义法的是( )
A.加速度
F
a
m
= B.电容
4
S
C
kd
ε
π
=
C.磁感应强度
F
B
IL
= D.电场强度
2
kQ
E
r
=
2.地球同步卫星轨道必须在赤道平面上空,和地球有相同的角速度,才能和地球保持相对静止,关于各国发射的地球同步卫星,下列表述正确的是()
A.所受的万有引力大小一定相等 B.离地面的高度一定相同
C.运行的速度都大于7.9km/s D.都位于赤道上空的同一个点
3..如图所示,边长为L的正六边形abcdef中,存在垂直该平面向内的匀强磁场,磁感应强度大小为B.a点处的粒子源发出大量质量为m、电荷量为+q的同种粒子,粒子的速度大小不同,方向始终垂直ab边且与磁场垂直,不计粒子的重力,当粒子的速度为v时,粒子恰好经过b点,下列说法正确的是()
A.速度小于v的粒子在磁场中运动时间为
B.经过d点的粒子在磁场中运动的时间为
C.经过c点的粒子在磁场中做圆周运动的半径为L
D.速度大于4v的粒子一定打在cd边上
4. 斜面放置在水平地面上始终处于静止状态,物体在沿斜向上的拉力作用
下沿斜面向上运动,某时刻撤去拉力F,那么物体在
撤去拉力后的瞬间与撤去拉力前相比较,以下说法正
确的是()
A.斜面对地面的静摩擦力一定不变
B.斜面对地面的静摩擦力一定减小了
C.斜面对地面的压力一定增大了
D.斜面对地面的压力一定减小了
5. 空间存在着平行于x轴方向的静电场,A、M、O、N、
B为x轴上的点,OA<OB,OM=ON,AB间的电势φ随x
的分布为如图。
一个带电粒子在电场中仅在电场力作用
下从M点由静止开始沿x轴向右运动,则下列判断中正
确的是()
A.粒子可能带正电 B.粒子一定能
通过N点
C.粒子从M向O运动过程所受电场力逐渐增大D.AO间的电场强度小于OB间的电场强度
6.图中虚线为某静电场的等势面,且相邻两等势面
间的电势差相等。
一带负电的粒子由M 点移动到N
点的过程中,电场力做正功,M 、N 两点的电势用
M ϕ、N ϕ表示,M 、N 两点的电场强度用M E 、N
E 表示。
则下列说法正确的是( )
A .M ϕ=N ϕ
B .M ϕ>N ϕ
C .M E >N E
D .M
E <N E
7.如图,边界OA 与OC 之间分布有垂直纸面向里的匀强磁场,边界OA 上有一粒子源S 。
某一时刻,从S 平行于纸面向各个方向以某一速率发射出大量比荷为m
q 的同种正电粒子,经过一段时间有大量粒子从边界OC 射出磁场。
已知磁场的磁感应强度大小为B ,∠AOC =60°,O 、
S 两点间的距离为L ,从OC 边界射出的粒子在磁场中运动的最短时间t =
qB
m 32π,忽略重力的影响和粒子间的相互作用,则粒子的速率为( )
8.如图所示,在竖直向下的匀强磁场中有两根竖直放置的平行粗糙导轨
CD 、EF ,导轨上放有一金属棒MN 。
现从t =0时刻起,给棒通以图示方向的
电流且电流强度与时间成正比,即I =k t ,其中k 为常量,金属棒与导轨始
终垂直且接触良好。
下列关于棒的速度v ,加速度a 、摩擦力f 随时间t 变化的关系图像,可能正确的是( )
9.如图甲,一带电物块无初速度地放上皮带轮底端,皮带轮以恒定大小的速率沿顺时针传动,
该装置处于垂直纸面向里的匀强磁场中,物块由底端E
运动至皮带轮顶端F 的过程中,其v 一t 图像如图乙所示,
物块全程运动的时间为4.5s ,关于带电物块及运动过程
的说法正确的是
A .该物块带负电
B .皮带轮的传动速度大小可能大于1 m/s
C .若已知皮带的长度,可求出该过程中物块与皮带发生的相对位移
D .在2s ~4.5s 内,物块与皮带仍可能有相对运动
10.如图所示,两个斜面体AC 、BC ,上端靠在同一竖直墙面上,下端交于水平面上同一点C ,
现让两个质量相同的物体分别从两个斜面的顶端同时由静止释放,则下列说法正确的是()
A.若两个斜面光滑,则沿BC下滑的物体一定先到达C点
B.若两个斜面光滑,则两个物体有可能同时到达C点
C.若两个斜面粗糙,且粗糙程度相同,则两个物体下滑到C点过程
中损失的机械能一定相同
D.若两个斜面粗糙,且粗糙程度相同,则两个物体下滑到C点时的动能可能相同
11.实验题(12分)
在“测定金属的电阻率”实验中,
(1)利用螺旋测微器测量合金丝的直径d。
某次测量时,螺旋测微器的示数如图1所示,则该合金丝直径的测量值
d=______mm。
(2)若测出合金丝长度为L,直径为d,电阻为R,则该合金电阻率的表达式ρ=__________。
(用上述字母和通用数学符号表示)
(3)按图2所示的电路图测量合金丝的电阻R x。
实验中除开关、若干导线之外还提供下列器材:
A.待测合金丝R x(接入电路部分的阻值约5 Ω)
B.电源 (电动势4 V,内阻不计)
C.电流表(0~3 A,内阻约0.01 Ω)
D.电流表(0~0.6 A,内阻约0.2Ω)
E.灵敏电流计G(满偏电流I g为200µA,内阻r g为500Ω)
F.滑动变阻器(0~10 Ω,允许通过的最大电流l A)
G.滑动变阻器(0~100 Ω,允许通过的最大电流0.3 A)
H.电阻箱R0(0~99999.9Ω)
为了测量准确、调节方便,实验中电流表应选,滑动变阻器应选。
(均填写仪器前的字母)
(4)按图2所示的电路图测量合金丝的电阻R x,
开关闭合前应将滑动变阻器的
滑片P置于_____端(选填“a”或“b”)。
(5)甲同学按照图2电路图正确连接好电路,
将电阻箱接入电路的阻值调为R0=14500Ω,改
变滑动变阻器接入电路的电阻值,进行多次实
验,根据实验数据,画出了灵敏电流计○G的示
数I G和电流表○A的示数I A的关系图线如图3
所示。
由此可知,合金丝接入电路的电阻测量值R x=_______Ω(保留两位有效数字)。
12.(15分)如图所示,在直角坐标系的第Ⅰ象限分布着场
强E=5×103V/m 、方向水平向左的匀强电场,其余三个象限
分布着垂直纸面向里的匀强磁场.现从电场中M (0.5m ,0.5m )点由静止释放一比荷为m
q =2×104C/kg 、重力不计的带正电微粒,该微粒第一次进入磁场后将垂直通过x 轴.求:
(1)匀强磁场的磁感应强度;
(2)带电微粒第二次进入磁场时的位置坐标;
(3)带电微粒第二次进入磁场时的速度大小和方向
13 (13分).图甲所示,光滑且足够长的金属导轨MN 、PQ 平行地固定在同一水平面上,两导轨间距L=0.20m ,电阻R=0.40Ω,导轨上停放一质量m=0.10kg 的金属杆ab ,位于两导轨之间的金属杆的电阻r=0.10Ω,导轨的电阻可忽略不计.整个装置处于磁感应强度B=0.50T 的匀强磁场中,磁场方向竖直向下.现用一水平外力F 水平向右拉金属杆,使之由静止开始运动,在整个运动过程中金属杆始终与导轨垂直并接触良好,若理想电压表的示数U 随时间t 变化的关系如图乙所示.从金属杆开始
运动至t=5.0s 时,求该时刻:
(1)通过金属杆的感应电流的大小和方
向; (2)金属杆的速度大小;
(3)外力F 的瞬时功率
物理周测试题答案
一·选择题(每小题6分,共60分。
1-7题所给选项只有一项符合题意,8-10题所给选项有多项符合题意,对而不全3分,错选0分)
二.实验题(12分)
11.(12分)
(1)1.170(说明1.168~1.172之间均可得分)
(2
分)(2)
L Rd 42 (2分) (3)D (2分);F (2分)(4)b (2分)
(5)4.5(说明:4.3~4.7之间均可得分)(2分)
12.(15分)解:
(1)根据动能定理得,qEx M =mv 2, (2分) v===104m/s (1分)
因为微粒第一次进入磁场后将垂直通过x 轴,根据几何关系知,
r=x m
=0.5m (1分)
qvB =m v 2
r
(2分)
解得B===1T ; (1分)
(2)粒子垂直进入电场,做类平抛运动,
则a 抛=
=108m/s 2, (1分) x M =a 抛t 抛2,代入数据解得t 抛=10﹣4s , (1分)
则y=vt 抛=104×10﹣4=1m ;
(2分)
带电微粒第二次进入磁场时的位置坐标为(0m ,1m ) (1分)
(3)第二次进入磁场时:
V x =a 抛t 抛=108×10﹣4=104m/s (1分)
V==×104m/s (1分)
速度方向与Y 轴夹角450 (1分)
注意:本题共15分,第一问7分,第二问5分,第三问3分。
13.(13分)解析
(1)1.0A b→a(2)5.0m/s(3)1.0W。