2016年6月18日大学英语四级真题答案与解析
大学英语四六级考试-2016年6月大学英语四级第3套答案解析
2016 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套）解析Part I Writing【参考范文】June 18, 2016Dear Mom and Dad, I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to you for your many years of selfless love and support. I want to let you know how much I love you and how much I appreciate all that you have given me.You support me not only materially but also spiritually. You have always encouraged me no matter how hardthe endeavor. When I succeed, both of you are more excited than me, and you never stop motivating me to do better. When I fail, you always encourage me not to give up. Your encouragement is the best incentive for me to move on. Your selfless contribution made it possible for me to pass the college entrance examination with ahigh score. I cherish the familial affection you have shown me. I will study hard to be a useful person and won’t disappoint you. Love, JennyPart Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionSection A【空词预测】第 26、27、31 题填形容词第 28 题填副词第 29、30、33、35 题填动词第 32、34 题填名词试题解析【话题分类】科技【文章大意】无线电子设备如iPad 正在越来越多地被应用到医院的诊疗当中，甚至医学院的课程当中，研究显示这些设备的应用有助于改善医生的工作环境，患者也容易了解自己的病情。
2016年6月四级真题及答案解析(第一套)
2016年6月四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when youwere in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no morethan 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news reportand the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) The International Labor Organization’s key objective.B) The basic social protection for the most vulnerable.C) Rising unemployment worldwide.D) Global economic recovery.2. A) Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.B) Few countries know how to address the current economic crisis.C) Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.D) Many countries need support to improve their people’s livelihood.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Serve standardised food nationwide.B) Put calorie information on the menu.C) Increase protein content in the food.D) Offer convenient food to customers.4. A) They will be fined.B) They will be closed.C) They will get a warning.D) They will lose customers.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Inability to implement their business plans.B) Inability to keep turning out novel products.C) Lack of a successful business model of their own.D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. A) It is the secret to business success.B) It is the creation of something new.C) It is a magic tool to bring big rewards.D) It is an essential part of business culture.7. A) Its hardworking employees.B) Its flexible promotion strategy.C) Its innovation culture.D) Its willingness to make investments.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation andthe questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)andD). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及解析完整版
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及解析完整版Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28, investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(全)
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案Part ⅡListening Comprehension（听力部分共有两套）四级第一套Section A1. C) Rising unemployment worldwide.2. A) Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.3. B) Put calorie information on the menu.4. A) They will be fined.C) They will get a warning.5. D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. B) It is the creation of something new.7. C) Its innovation culture.Section B8. D) He does not talk long on the phone.9. B) Talk at length.10. A) He thought it was cool.11. C) It is childish and unprofessional.12. B) He is unhappy with his department manager.13. A) His workload was much too heavy.14. C) His boss has a lot of trust in him.15. D) Talk to his boss in person first.Section C16. A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life.17. C) They get less and less sleep.18. D) Their blood pressure will rise.19. B) What course you are going to choose.20. D) The personal statement.21. C) Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject.22. B) It was built in the late 19th century.23. D) They often broke down.24. A) They were produced on the assembly line.25. C) It marked a new era in motor travel.四级第二套Section A1. C) Why sufficient sleep is important for college students.2. C) Making last-minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping.3. B) Whether the British irports Authority should sell off some of its assets.4. D) Lack of runway and terminal capacity.5. D) Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes.6. A) The biggest increase in nicotine content tended to be in brands young smokers like.7. B) They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study.Section B8. A) Holland.9. D) Learning a language where it is not spoken.10. C) Trying to speak it as much as one can.11. A) It provides opportunities for language practice.12. B) Rules and regulations for driving.13.C) Make cars that are less powerful.14. D) They tend to drive responsibly.15. C) It is not useful.Section C16. D) The card reader failed to do the scanning.17. B) By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic.18. A) Produce many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures.19. A) They vary among different departments.20.D) By contacting the deparmental office.21. B) They specify the number of credits students must earn.22. C) Students in health classes.23. A) Its overemphasis on thinness.24. B) To explain how computer images can be misleading.25. C) To promote her own concept of beauty.Part ⅢReading Comprehension四级第一套Section A26.O) tend27.M) review28.L) performance29.K) particularly30.N) survive31.E) dropping32.J) mutually33.H) flow34.F) essential35.I) moodSection B36.E）“We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't?37.L）Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don't have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.38.B）Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)？Can doing one's homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.39.H）An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can't just say, ‘Let's put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,’” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”40.N）The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her intoa more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.41.J）As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk，announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.(More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)42.F）In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.43.C）I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care，let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.44.I）Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility's type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents' physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.45.G）But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents' responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, c ombined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.Section C46. C) It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.47.D) They are ill-bred.48. C) By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.49. B) Stop to seek advice from a human being.50. A) Determine what is moral and ethical.51. A) to see whether people's personality affects their life span52. D) They are more likely to get over hardship.53. C) Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.54. D) Mothers' negative personality characteristics may affect their children's life span.55. B) Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.四级第二套Section A26.G) growing27.A) dependent28.C) fast29.F) give30.H) launch31.N) successful32.I) policyl33.B) designed34.O) treatments35.E) gainedSection B36.D)As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No. 2: Worry only about things that you can control. “The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus,” he says. “And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.”37.B)The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it wa s first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration (失效) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry (诡辩). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”38.F)To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don't qualify as true friendships. “Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend,” Soupios says. “Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers.”39.A) Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University's philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.40.L)“This is Aesop, the fabulist (寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told interms of animals and animal relationships,” he says. “I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritua lly enlightened moment.”41.H)“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans,” Soupios says. “This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.”42.C)Soupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato's observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. “The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions (信念),” he says. “So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships.”43.K)Instead, Soupios says, ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.44.B)The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration (失效) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I thi nk that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry (诡辩). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”45.J)“This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,” Soupios says. “Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world's great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others—that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted (自己招致的) spi ritual wound.”Section C46. D) It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.47. A) It does not seem to create a generational divide.48. B) It helps with their mobility.49. A) The location of their residence.50. C) The wealthy.51. C) Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.52. B) It brought family members closer to each other.53. D) Pace of life.54. B) It is varied, abundant and nutritious.55. A) They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.四级第三套Section A26.M) provide27.A) abandoned28.I) frequent29.L) merely30.C) biased31.G) dependent32.F) dampens33.E) commitment34.N) understandably35.O) unrealisticallySection B36.［F］In contrast, the recent surge in world grain prices is trend-driven, making it unlikely to reverse without a reversal in the trends themselves. On the demand side, those trends include the ongoing addition of more than 70 million people a year, a growing number of people wanting to move up the food chain to consume highly grain-intensive meat products, and the massive diversion （转向）of U.S. grain to the production of bio-fuel.37.［K］In response to those restrictions, grain-importing countries are trying to nail down long-term trade agreements that would lock up future grain supplies. Food-import anxiety is even leading to new efforts by food-importing countries to buy or lease farmland in other countries. In spite of such temporary measures, soaring food prices and spreading hunger in many other countries are beginning to break down the social order.38.［C］As demand for food rises faster than supplies are growing, the resulting food-price inflation puts severe stress on the governments of many countries. Unable to buy grain or grow their own, hungry people take to the streets. Indeed, even before the steep climb in grain prices in 2008, the number of failing states was expanding. If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate. In the 20th century the main threat to international security was superpower conflict; today it is failing states.39.［L］Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends thatcause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these—the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families40.［B］I can no longer ignore that risk. Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that such a collapse is possible.41.［H］What about supply? The three environmental trends—the shortage of fresh water, the loss of topsoil and the rising temperatures—are making it increasingly hard to expand the world's grain supply fast enough to keep up with demand. Of all those trends, however, the spread of water shortages poses the most immediate threat. The biggest challenge here is in irrigation, which consumes 70% of the world's fresh water. Millions of irrigation wells in many countries are now pumping water out of underground sources faster than rainfall can refill them. The result is falling water tables （地下水位）in countries with half the world's people, including the three big grain producers—China, India and the U.S.42.［M］For many in the development community, the four objectives were seen as positive, promoting development as long as they did not cost too much. Others saw them as politically correct and morally appropriate. Now a third and far more significant motivation presents itself: meeting these goals may be necessary to prevent the collapse of our civilization. Yet the cost we project for saving civilization would amount to less than $200 billion a year, 1/6 of current global military spending. In effect, our plan is the new security budget.43.［J］As the world's food security falls to pieces, individual countries acting in their own self-interest are actually worsening the troubles of many. The trend began in 2007, when leading wheat-exporting countries such as Russia and Argentina limited or banned their exports, in hopes of increasing local food supplies and thereby bringing down domestic food prices. Vietnam banned its exports for several months for the same reason. Such moves may eliminate the fears of those living in the exporting countries, but they are creating panic in importing countries that must rely on what is then left for export.44.［L］Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends that cause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these—the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families.45.［G］As incomes rise among low-income consumers, the potential for further grain consumption is huge. But that potential pales beside the never-ending demand for crop-based fuels.A fourth of this year's U.S. grain harvest will go to fuel cars.Section C46. B) It weakens in one's later years.47. D) Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.48. C) They function quite well even in old age.49. D) can put what they have learnt into more effective use50. A) find ways to slow down our mental decline51. C) Scholars and policymakers have different opinions about it.52. A) Pre-K achievements usually do not last long.53. B) When it is made part of kids' education.54. D) She is a firm supporter of pre-K.55. C) Early intervention.Part ⅣTranslation四级第一套功夫(Kung Fu)是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称。
2016年6月18日大学英语四级真题及答案
2016年6月英语四级考试完整真题及答案Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A）The International Labor Organization‟s key objective.B）The basic social protection for the most vulnerable.C）Rising unemployment worldwide.D）Global economic recovery.2. A）Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.B）Few countries know how to address the current economic crisis.C）Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.D）Many countries need support to improve their people‟s livelihood.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A）Serve standardized food nationwide.B）Put calorie information on the menu.C）Increase protein content in the food.D）Offer convenient food to customers.4. A）They will be fined.B）They will be closed.C）They will get a warning.D）They will lose customers.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A）Inability to implement their business plans.B）Inability to keep turning out novel products.C）Lack of a successful business model of their own.D）Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. A）It is the secret to business success.B）It is the creation of something new.C）It is a magic tool to bring big rewards.D）It is an essential part of business culture.7. A）Its hardworking employees.B）Its flexible promotion strategy.C）Its innovation culture.D）Its willingness to make investments.Section BDirections：In this section，you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A）He‟s got addicted to technology.B）He is not very good at socializing.C）He is crazy about text-messaging.D）He does not talk long on the phone.9. A）Talk big.B）Talk at length.C）Gossip a lot.D）Forget herself.10. A）He thought it was cool.B）He needed the practice.C）He wanted to stay connected with them.D）He had an urgent message to send.11. A）It poses a challenge to seniors.B）It saves both time and money.C）It is childish and unprofessional.D）It is cool and convenient.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A）He wants to change his job assignment.B）He is unhappy with his department manager.C）He thinks he deserves extra pay for overtime.D）He is often singled out for criticism by his boss.13. A）His workload was much too heavy.B）His immediate boss did not trust him.C）His colleagues often refused to cooperate.D）His salary was too low for his responsibility.14. A）He never knows how to refuse.B）He is always ready to help others.C）His boss has a lot of trust in him.D）His boss has no sense of fairness.15. A）Put all his complaints in writing.B）Wait and see what happens next.C）Learn to say no when necessary.D）Talk to his boss in person first.Section CDirections：In this section，you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage，you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A）The importance of sleep to a healthy life.B）Reasons for Americans‟ decline in sleep.C）Some tips to improve the quality of sleep.D）Diseases associated with lack of sleep.17. A）They are more health-conscious.B）They are changing their living habits.C）They get less and less sleep.D）They know the dangers of lack of sleep.18. A）Their weight will go down.B）Their mind function will deteriorate.C）Their work efficiency will decrease.D）Their blood pressure will rise.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A）How much you can afford to pay.B）What course you are going to choose.C）Which university you are going to apply to.D）When you are going to submit your application.20. A）The list of courses studied.B）The full record of scores.C）The references from teachers.D）The personal statement.21. A）Specify what they would like to do after graduation.B）Describe in detail how much they would enjoy studying.C）Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject.D）Emphasize that they admire the professors in the university.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A）It was equipped with rubber tyres.B）It was built in the late 19th century.C）It was purchased by the Royal family.D）It was designed by an English engineer.23. A）They consumed lots of petrol.B）They took two passengers only.C）They were difficult to drive.D）They often broke down.24. A）They were produced on the assembly line.B）They were built with less costly materials.C）They were modeled after British cars.D）They were made for ordinary use.25. A）It made news all over the world.B）It was built for the Royal family.C）It marked a new era in motor travel.D）It attracted large numbers of motorists.Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Physical activity does the body good，and there‟s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get moreexercise，whether at school or on their own，26to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic28，investigators found that the more children moved，the better their grades were in school，29in the basic subjects of math，English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31in recent years，some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show，exercise and academics may not be 32exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain，fueling memory，attention and creativity，which are 34to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35and relieve stress，which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they‟re running around，they may actually be exercising their brains as well.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.A）attendanceB）consequentlyC）currentD）depressingE）droppingF）essentialG）feasibleH）flowI）moodJ）mutuallyK）particularlyL）performanceM）reviewN）surviveO）tendSection BDirections：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment，Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home，or has the industry simply hired better interior designers？Are nursing homes as bad as people fear，or is that an out-moded stereotype （固定看法）？Can doing one‟s homework really steer families to the best places？It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care，let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies，published in The journal of Applied Gerontology，surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living，nursing homes and smaller residential care homes （known in some states as board and care homes oradult care homes）. Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life，emotional well-being and social interaction，as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types，” said the lead author of the study，Julie Robison，an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don‟t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can‟t？[F] In the initial results，assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities，for instance，and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables，such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type，they found，that creates differences in residents‟ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in，combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are，their age and marital status，” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health，therefore，might be no less depressed in assisted living （even if her children preferred it）than in a nursing home. A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home，other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place，not the sort of place in itself，that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can‟t just say，…Let‟s put this person in a residential ca re home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off，” Dr. Robison said. What matters，she added，“is a combination of what people bring in with them，and what they find there.”[I] Such findings，which run counter to common sense，have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living，for instance，University of North Carolinaresearchers found that a host of variables—the facility‟s type，size or age；whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness，mental decline，hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents‟ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.[J] As I was considering all this， a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk，announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact，consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities，the lowest rated，than with the five-star ones. （More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.）[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing？—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane，a geriatrician（老年病学专家）at the University of North Carolina：“In a way，that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course，sons and daughters want to visit the facilities，talk to the administrators and residents and other families，and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don‟t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas，too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant，inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived，though the visit had been planned；nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room，they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there，and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research，that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities，involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45.A resident‟s satisfaction with a care fac ility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence（AI）becomes increasingly sophisticated，there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided，according to computer science professor Stuart Russell，if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks，it‟s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example，if a robot does chores around the house，you wouldn‟t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values，” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example，mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences，but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space，you wouldn‟t think that‟s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines，if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they‟ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌）.One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave，it has the opportunity to stop，send out beeps（嘟嘟声），and ask for directions from a human. If we humans ar en‟t quite sure about a decision，we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral，and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer，robots could be good for humanity.46.What does the author say about the threat of robots？A）It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers.B）It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C）It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D）It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author？A）They are aggressive.B）They are outgoing.C）They are ignorant.D）They are ill-bred.48.How do robots learn human values？A）By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B）By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C）By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D）By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation？A）keep a distance from possible dangers.B）Stop to seek advice from a human being.C）Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D）Do sufficient testing before taking action.50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code？A）Determine what is moral and ethical.B）Design some large-scale experiments.C）Set rules for man-machine interaction.D）Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others？You know the standard explanations：keeping a moderate diet，engaging in regular exercise，etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）？Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives？A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing，more active and less neurotic （神经质的）than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory：those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly，however，other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined，for instance，were no more likely to live to be very old. Also，being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life，which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life，you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately，another recent study shows that your mother‟s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28，000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious，depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we‟re adults，which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn‟t destiny（命运），and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn‟t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Societyis____.A）to see whether people‟s personality affects their life spanB）to find out if one‟s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC）to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD）to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people？A）They have a good understanding of evolution.B）They are better at negotiating an agreement.C）They generally appear more resourceful.D）They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation？A）Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B）Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C）Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D）Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show？A）Children‟s personality characteristics are i nvariably determined by their mothers.B）People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C）Mothers‟ influence on children may last longer than fathers‟.D）Mothers‟ negative personality characteristics may affect their children‟s life spans.55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies？A）Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one‟s life span.B）Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C）Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D）Health is in large part related to one‟s lifestyle.Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 2.功夫（Kong Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称.中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要，狩猎活动以及古代中国的军士训练.它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练.它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素.作为中国的国宝，武术有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式.有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想，神话和传说的启发四级写作：第一版For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear Mary,I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help when I was in difficulty. You have been very kind and helpful since we knew each other.Last week, I caught a bad cold and had to stay at home for a week. When I was worrying about the lessons, you came to my home after school and helped me with every subject. With your help, I didn’t fall behind others.Again, thanks so much for your enthusiastic help. Even though you are to about to go abroad for further education I know that I will always stay in touchwith you. I wish you every success in the future and I hope we can exchange more viewpoints on study.Please keep in touch, and drop in and visit us whenever you are in this part of the world.Very sincerelyPeter第二版For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your school teachers upon entering college. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear sir,I am writing to you to express my thanks for your help in learning English. You are one of the best teachers who I have ever met .There are many good points that I learn from you.During these days in your class, I have acquired much knowledge from you and it really helps me a lot. Firstly, you let me know what the west thinking pattern is —straight thinking pattern. As an English learner, it is important for me to understand the difference between them. There is no denying the fact that this can help me with my examination and interaction with foreigners. What’s more, I’m glad to be your student, and I am very happy to learn the course under your guidance. English is an important tool, through which we can share our experience with the world. I treasure the chance of learning English, and I enjoy the happiness from your course.The last not the least, please forgive those mistakes I have made which may upset you. What I have learned from you will help me pass the coming examinations and also be useful for my further education in abroad. It is not only a progress of learning, but also a cultivation of my ability.May everything go well around you.Your student,Li ling第三版For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear parents,This letter is to tell you my true feelings from the bottom of my heart. Although we can keep in virtual touch every day, I still feel it not enough to let you know how much I love you and how much I’ve appreciated what you’ve done for me.In the past 20 years, you have done a lot for me. Firstly, thank you so much for bringing me up. I know how hard you've being working in the past. I can imagine how many difficulties and obstacles you've conquered. Second, I want to thank you for your good education on me. There is an old saying goes lik e this “parents are the first teachers to their children”. Both of you are the typical ones. The most important thing that I want to say “thank you” is for your great admiration on my own freedom. You told me to look over the horizons and to pursuit my own dreams without hesitation.I really feel that my pen fails me when I am writing this thank you letter. The only thing I hope you can do for me is to take good care of yourselves and you will be always proud of me.Yours belovedSon。
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及答案
2016年6月英语四级考试真题及答案Part I Writ ing (30 min utes)Direct ions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minu tes to write a letter to express your tha nks to one of your frie nds who helped you most whe n you were in difficulty。
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 wordsPart n Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections：In this sect ion, you will hear three n ews reports At the end of each n ews report you will hear two or three questi ons。
Both the n ews report and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A , B) , C) and D)。
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centreQuesti ons 1 and 2 are based on the n ews report you have just heard.1. A) The International Labor Organization ' s key objectiveB) The basic social protection for the most vulnerable.C) Rising unemployment worldwide.D) Global economic recovery.2. A) Many coun tries have not take n measures to create eno ugh jobs.B) Few countries know how to address the current economic crisis.C) Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.D) Many countries need support to improve their people ' .s livelihoodQuesti ons 3 and 4 are based on the n ews report you have just heard.3. A) Serve standardized food nationwide.B) Put calorie information on the menu.C) In crease protein content in the food.D) Offer convenient food to customers.4. A) They will be fined.B) They will be closed.C) They will get a warning.D) They will lose customers.Questi ons 5 to 7 are based on the n ews report you have just heard.5. A) In ability to impleme nt their bus in ess pla ns.B) In ability to keep turning out no vel products.C) Lack of a successful bus in ess model of their own.D) Failure to in tegrate inno vati on into their bus in ess.6. A) It is the secret to bus in ess success.B) It is the creation of something new.C) It is a magic tool to bring big rewards.D) It is an esse ntial part of bus in ess culture.7. A) Its hardworking employees.B) Its flexible promotion strategy.C) Its innovation culture.D) Its willingness to make investments.Sectio n BDirections：In this sect ion, you will hear two long conv ersati ons. At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. You must choose the best an swer from the four choices marked A), B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He' s got addicted to tech no logyB) He is not very good at socializing.C) He is crazy about text-messaging.D) He does not talk long on the phone.9. A) Talk big.B) Talk at length.C) Gossip a lot.D) Forget herself.10. A) He thought it was cool.B) He needed the practice.C) He wan ted to stay conn ected with them.D) He had an urge nt message to send.11. A) It poses a challenge to seniors.B) It saves both time and money.C) It is childish and un professi on al.D) It is cool and convenient.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) He wants to change his job assignment.B) He is unhappy with his department manager.C) He thinks he deserves extra pay for overtime.D) He is often singled out for criticism by his boss.13. A) His workload was much too heavy.B) His immediate boss did not trust him.C) His colleagues often refused to cooperate.D) His salary was too low for his responsibility.14. A) He never knows how to refuse.B) He is always ready to help others.C) His boss has a lot of trust in him.D) His boss has no sense of fairness.15. A) Put all his complaints in writing.B) Wait and see what happens next.C) Learn to say no when necessary.D) Talk to his boss in person first.Section CDirections：In this sect ion, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage you will hear three or four questi ons. Both the passage and the questi ons will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questi ons 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life.B) Reas ons for America ns ' decli ne in sleepC) Some tips to improve the quality of sleep.D) Diseases associated with lack of sleep.17. A) They are more health-conscious.B) They are changing their living habits.C) They get less and less sleep.D) They know the dan gers of lack of sleep.18. A) Their weight will go down.B) Their mind function will deteriorate.C) Their work efficiency will decrease.D) Their blood pressure will rise.Questi ons 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) How much you can afford to pay.B) What course you are going to choose.C) Which university you are going to apply to.D) When you are going to submit your application.20. A) The list of courses studied.B) The full record of scores.C) The references from teachers.D) The personal statement.21. A) Specify what they would like to do after graduation.B) Describe in detail how much they would enjoy studying.C) Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject.D) Emphasize that they admire the professors in the university. Questi ons 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It was equipped with rubber tyres.B) It was built in the late 19th century.C) It was purchased by the Royal family.D) It was designed by an English engineer.23. A) They consumed lots of petrol.B) They took two passengers only.C) They were difficult to drive.D) They often broke down.24. A) They were produced on the assembly line.B) They were built with less costly materials.C) They were modeled after British cars.D) They were made for ordinary use.25. A) It made news all over the world.B) It was built for the Royal family.C) It marked a new era in motor travel.D) It attracted large numbers of motorists.Part III Read ing Comprehe nsion (40 minu tes)Section ADirections：In this sect ion, there is a passage with ten bla nks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questi ons 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Physical activity does the body good and tnere' s growing evidenee that it helps the brain too. Researchersin the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and betterscores on standardized tests. In a _27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 , inv estigators found that the more childre n moved,the better their grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects of math,En glish and readi ng.The data will certai nly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical educati on classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets. The argume nts aga inst physical educati on have in cluded concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With sta ndardized test scores in the U.S. 31 in rece nt years some admi nistrators believe stude nts n eed to spe nd more time in the classroom in stead of on the playgro und. But as these findings show , exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood ______ 33to the brain , fueli ng memory , atte nti on and creativity , which are 34 to learning. And exercise releases horm ones that can improve 35 a nd relieve stress which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they ' awcurndginthey may actually be exercisingtheir brains as well.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.A ) attendanceB ) consequentlyC ) currentD ) depressingE ) droppingF) essential G) feasible H) flow I) mood J) mutually K) particularlyL) performanee M) review N) survive O) tendSecti on BDirections：In this sect ion, you are going to read a passage with ten stateme nts attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questi ons by marking the corresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home —and Contentment ，Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility —a moment few parents or children approach without fear —what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home，or has the industry simply hired better interior designers？Are nursing homes as bad as people fea, or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)？Can doing one ' s homework really steer families to the best place？s It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care，let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies，published in The journal of Applied Gerontology，surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted livin，g nursing homes and smaller residential care home(s known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchersfrom the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of li，fe emotional well-being and social interaction，as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing t，yp”essaid thelead author of the study，Julie Robison，an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don' t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can ？'t[F] In the initial results，assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities，for instance，and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchersplugged in a number of other variables，such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type，they found，that creates differences in residentsr'esponses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in，combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are，their age and marital status，” D.r Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor healt，h therefore，might be no less depressed in assisted living(even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home ，other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the plac，e not the sort of place in itself ，that leads to better or worseexperiences.“ You can't just say，‘Let 's put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing hosmhee will be much better off ，”Dr . Robison said. What matters，she added，“isa combination of what people bring in with them，and what they find there.”[I] Such findings ，which run counter to common sens，e have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living，for instance，University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variable—s the facility '，s tsyipz e or age；whethera chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness，mental decline，hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents ' physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.[J] As I was considering all this，a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk，announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact，consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilitie，s the lowest rated，than with the five-star ones. (More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent pos)t.[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out —how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing？—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane ，a geriatrician (老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina : “In a way thatcould be liberating for families.”[L] Of course，sons and daughters want to visit the facilities ，talk to the administrators andresidents and other familie，s and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don ' t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “ Familiescan look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” D.rSloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas，too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant，inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived，though the visit had been planned；nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room，they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored ther，e and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research，that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities ，involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39. How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.40. The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.41. The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.42. At first the researchersof the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.43. What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44. The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted livi ng.45. A reside nt ' s satisfact ion with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decisi on to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this sect ion. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) , C) and D) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligenee (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated there are grow ing concerns that robots could become a threat. This dan ger can be avoided, according to computer scienee professor Stuart Russell if we figure out how to turn huma n values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks it 's neca ry totran slate our morals into AI Ian guage.For example, if a robot does chores around the hous,e you wouldn ' t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “ You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values ” said Russe llSome robots are already programmed with basic huma n values. For example mobile robots have bee n programmed to keep a comfortable dista nee from huma ns. Obviously there are cultural differe nces, but if you were talki ng to ano ther pers on and they came up close in your personal space you wouldn ' t think that ' s the kind of thing a properly brought-up pers on would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machi nes if only we can find a way to set out huma n values as clear rules.Robots could also lear n values from draw ing patter ns from large sets of data on huma n behavior. They are dan gerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they ' ve produced a system that will break somekind of taboo (禁忌).One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with ahuman when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwav，e it has the opport un ity to stop, send out beepS 嘟嘟声),and ask for direct ions from a huma n. If we humans aren 't quite sure about a de，cisiwone go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral，and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer，robots could be good for humanity.46. What does the author say about the threat of robo？tsA) It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers.B) It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C) It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D) It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47. What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author？A) They are aggressive.B) They are outgoing.C) They are ignorant.D) They are ill-bred.48. How do robots learn human value？sA) By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B) By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C) By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D) By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.49. What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation？keep a distance from possible dangers.B) Stop to seek advice from a human being.C) Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D) Do sufficient testing before taking action.50. What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code？A) Determine what is moral and ethical.B) Design some large-scale experiments.C) Set rules for man-machine interaction.D) Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others？You know the standard explanations：keeping a moderate die，t engaging in regular exercise，etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity (长寿)？Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives？A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing，more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory：those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly ，however，other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined，for instance，were no more likely to live to be very old. Also，being open to new ideas had no relationship to long lif，e which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life，you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately，another recent study shows that your mother ' s personality mayalso help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28 ，000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious，depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we ' re，aduwlhtsich may mean that kids of depressed momsend up dying younger.Pers on ality isn ' t d(命运),and every one knows that in dividuals can lear n to change. But bothstudies show that long life isn ' jutst a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Societyis ___ .A) to see whether people ' s personality affects their life spanB) to find out if one ' s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC) to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD) to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic peop？leA) They have a good understanding of evolution.B) They are better at negotiating an agreement.C) They generally appear more resourceful.D) They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation？A) Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B) Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C) Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D) Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the rece nt study of Norwegia n mothers showA) Children ' personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B) People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C) Mothers' in flue nee on childre n may last Ion ger tha n fathers 'D) Mothers' negative personality characteristics may affect their children ' s lif spa ns.55. What can we lear n from the findings of the two new studiesA) Anxiety and depression more oftenthan not cut short one ' s life spanB) Lon gevity results from a comb in atio n of men tal and physical health.C) Pers on ality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D) Health is in large part related to one . ' s lifestylePart IV Tran slation (30 mi nutes)Direct ions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minu tes to tran slate a passage from Chi nese into En glish. You should write your an swer on the ANSWER SHEET 2.功夫(Kong Fu)是中国武术(martial arts)的俗称冲国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要，狩猎活动以及古代中国的军士训练.它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练.它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素.作为中国的国宝，武术有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式.有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想，神话和传说的启发四级写作：第一版For this part, you are allowed 30 minu tes to write a letter to express your tha nks to one of your frie nds who helped you most whe n you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段：写出写信目的.（表达感谢）第二段：阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢，并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear Mary,I would like to take this opport un ity to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help when I was in difficulty. You have been very kind and helpful since we knew each other.Last week, I caught a bad cold and had to stay at home for a week. Whe n I was worrying about the lessons, you came to my home after school and helped_me_with every subject. With your help, I didn ' t fall behind others.Again, thanks so much for your enthusiastic help. Even though you are to about to go abroad for further education I know that I will always stay in touch with you. I wish you every success in the future and I hope we can excha nge more viewpo ints on study.Please keep in touch, and drop in and visit us whe never you are in this part of the world.Very sin cerelyPeter第二版For this part, you are allowed 30 minu tes to write a letter to express your tha nks to one of your school teachers upon en teri ng college. You should write at least 120 words but no more tha n 180 words.第一段：写出写信目的.（表达感谢）第二段：阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢，并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear sir,I am writi ng to you to express my thanks for your help in learning English. You are one of the best teachers who I have ever met .There are many good points that I learn from you.During these days in your class, I have acquired much knowledge from you and it really helps me a lot. Firstly, you let me know what the west th inking pattern is —straight thinking pattern. As an English learner, it is important for me to understand the difference between them. There is no denying the fact that this can help me with my exam in ati on and in teractio n with foreig ners. What' snore, I ' rglad to be your stude nt, and I am very happy to lear n the course un der your guida nce. En glish is an importa nt tool, through which we can share our experie nce with the world. I treasure the cha nce of lear ning En glish, and I enjoy the happ in ess from your course.The last but not the least, please forgive those mistakes I have made which may upset you. What I have lear ned from you will help me pass the coming exam in ati ons and also be useful for my further education in abroad. It is not only a progress of learning, but also a cultivatio n of my ability.May everyth ing go well around you.Your stude nt,Li li ng第三版For this part, you are allowed 30 minu tes to write a letter to express your tha nks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段：写出写信目的.（表达感谢）第二段：阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢，并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear pare nts,This letter is to tell you my true feelings from the bottom of my heart. Although we can keep in virtual touch every day, I still feel it not eno ugh to let you know how much I love you and how much I ' ve appreciated what you ' ve done for me.In the past 20 years, you have done a lot for me. Firstly, thank you so much for bringing me up. I know how hard you've being work ing in the past. I can imag ine how many difficulties and obstacles you've conq uered. Secon d, I want to tha nk you for your good educati on on me. There is an old say ing goes like this “ pare nts arefirst teachers to their children ” . Both of you are the typical orb emptlnteiim osthing that I want to say “thank you ”is for your great admiration on my own freedom.You told me to look over the horizons and to pursuit my own dreams without hesitati on.。
2016年6月四级真题及答案解析(第一套)
2016年6月四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when youwere in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no morethan 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news reportand the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) The International Labor Organization’s key objective.B) The basic social protection for the most vulnerable.C) Rising unemployment worldwide.D) Global economic recovery.2. A) Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.B) Few countries know how to address the current economic crisis.C) Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.D) Many countries need support to improve their people’s livelihood.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Serve standardised food nationwide.B) Put calorie information on the menu.C) Increase protein content in the food.D) Offer convenient food to customers.4. A) They will be fined.B) They will be closed.C) They will get a warning.D) They will lose customers.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Inability to implement their business plans.B) Inability to keep turning out novel products.C) Lack of a successful business model of their own.D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. A) It is the secret to business success.B) It is the creation of something new.C) It is a magic tool to bring big rewards.D) It is an essential part of business culture.7. A) Its hardworking employees.B) Its flexible promotion strategy.C) Its innovation culture.D) Its willingness to make investments.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation andthe questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)andD). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及答案
2016年6月英语四级考试真题及答案Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty。
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section，you will hear three news reports。
At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions。
Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B）, C）and D）。
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A）The International Labor Organization’s key objective.B)The basic social protection for the most vulnerable.C）Rising unemployment worldwide。
2016年6月四级考试真题卷一及答案解析
2016年6月四级考试真题(第一套)Part Ⅰ Writing(30 minutes)Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words．Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear three news reports．At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions．Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once．After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A．，B．，C．,and D．,Then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet 1 with d single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard．1．A． How college students can handle their psychological problems．B． Why college students are more likely to have stress problems．C． Why sufficient sleep is important for college students．D． HOW college students can improve their sleep habits．2．A．It is not easy to improve one’s sleep habits．B．It is not good for students to play video games．C．Making last．minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping．D．Students who are better prepared generally get higher scores in examinationsQuestions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard .3．A．Whether adequate investment is being made to improve airport facilitiesB．Whether the British Airports Authority should sell off some of its assets．C．Whether the Spanish company could offer better service．D．Whether more airports should be built around London．4．A．Poor ownership structure．C．Lack of innovation and competition．B．Inefficient management．D．Lack of runway and terminal capacity．Questions 5 to7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5．A．Study the effects of nicotine on young smokers．B．Set a limit to the production of their cigarettes．C．Take steps to reduce nicotine in their products．D．Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes．6．A．The biggest increase in nicotine content tended to be in brands young smokers like．B． Brands which contain higher nicotine content were found to be much more popular．C．Tobacco companies refused to discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products．D．Big tobacco companies were flank with their customers about the hazards of smoking ．7．A．They will pay more attention to the quality of their products．B．They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study．C．They promised to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes．D．They have not fully realized the harmful effect of nicotine．Section BDirections：In this section，you will hear two long conversations．At the end of each conversation，you will hear four questions．Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once．After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A，B，C and D．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre．Questions 8 tol1 are based on the conversation you have just heard．8．A．Holland．B．Indonesia．C．England．D．Sweden．9．A．Talking with her boyfriend in Dutch．B．Getting a coach who can offer real help．C．Acquiring the necessary ability to socialize．D．Learning a language where it is not spoken．10．A．Practicing reading aloud as often as possible．B．Listening to language programs on the radio．C．Trying to speak it as much as one can．D．Making friends with native speakers．11．A．It provides opportunities for language practice．B．It trains young people’s leadership abilities．C．It offers various courses with credit points．D．It creates an environment for socializing ．Questions 12 tol5 are based on the conversation you have just heard．12．A．A sense of freedom driving gives．B．Rules and regulations for driving ．C．The role policemen play in traffic safety．D． The impact of engine design on road safety．13．A．Make cars with automatic control．B．Make cars with higher standards．C．Make cars that are less powerful．D． Make cars that have better brakes．14．A．They follow traffic rules closely．B． They keep within speed limits．C．They like to go at high speed．D． They tend to drive responsibly．15．A． It is a bad idea．B．It is as effective as speed bumps．C．It is not useful．D．It should be combined with education．Section CDirections：In this section，you will hear three passages．At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions．Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once．After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A，B，C,and D,Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single line through the centre．Questions 16 tol8 are based on the passage you have just heard．16．A．The card got damaged．B．The card was found invalid．C．The card reader broke down unexpectedly．D．The card reader failed to do the scanning．17．A．By seeking help from the card reader maker Verifone．B．By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic．C．By calling the credit card company for confirmation．D．By typing the credit card number into the cash register．18．A．Produce many low-tech fixes for high．tech failures．B． Give birth to many new technological inventions．C． Change the lifestyle of many Americans．D． Affect the sales of high．tech appliances．Questions 19 to21 are based on the passage you have just heard．19．A．They vary among different departments．B．They leave much room for improvement．C．They are determined by the advising board．D．They are set by the dean of the graduate school．20．A．By consulting the examining committee．B． By reading the Bulletin of Information．C． By visiting the university’s website．D． By contacting the departmental office．21．A．They are harder to meet than those for undergraduates．B．They specify the number of credits students must earn．C．They have to be approved by the examining committee．D．They are the same among various divisions of the university．Questions 22 to 25 are based oil the passage you have just heard．22．A．Ph．D．candidates in dieting．B．Students majoring in nutrition．C．Students in health classes．D．Middle and high school teachers．23．A．Its overemphasis on thinness．B．Its changing criteria for beauty．C．Its mistaken conception of nutrition．D．Its overestimate of the effect of dieting．24．A．To demonstrate the magic effect of dieting on women．B．To explain how computer images can be misleading．C．To prove that technology has impacted our culture．D．To illustrate her point that beauty is but skin deep．25．A．To help students rid themselves of bad living habits．B．To establish an emotional connection with students．C．To promote her own concept of beauty．D．To persuade girls to stop dieting．Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks．You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage．Read the passage through carefully before making your choices．Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter． Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre．You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Signs barring cell—phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room．But the 26 popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital．based doctors to become 27 on computers throughout the day,and desktops—which keep doctors from bedsides—are 28 giving way to wireless devices． As clerical loads increased，“something had to 29 ．and that was always face time with patients．”says Dr．Bhakti Patel．a former chief resident in the University of Chicago’s intenal-medicine program．In fall2010，she helped 30 a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care．The experiment was so 31 that all internal．medicine residents at the university now get iPads when they begin the program．Johns Hopkins’ internal．medicine program adopted the same 32 in 2011．Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless．iPad-based curriculums．“You’11 want an iPad just so you can wear this”is the slogan for one of the new lab coats 33 with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers． A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and 34 faster if they were cared for by iPad．equipped residents．Many patients also 35 a better understanding of the illnesses mat landed them in the hospital in the first place．A．dependentB． designedC． fastD． flyingE．gainedF．giveG．growingH．launchI．policyJ．prospectK．ratherL．reliableM．signalN．successfulO．treatmentsSection BDirections：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it．Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs．Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once．Each paragraph is marked with a letter．Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2．Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good LifeA．Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars，terrorism，economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases?The answer is yes，according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules．"Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life．The book is co-authored by Long Island University’s philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas．B．The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless，says Soupios．The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago．“There is no expiration(失效) date on wisdom．”he says．“There is no shelf life on intelligence．I think that things have become very gloomy these days，lots of misunderstanding，misleading cues，a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry(诡辩)．The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole，in a way that we tend not to see life today．”Examine your lifeC．Soupios，along with his co—author Panos Mourdoukoutas，developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle，Socrates，Epictetus and Pythagoras，among others．The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book．Soupios says that it is based on Plato’s observation that the unexamined life is not worth living．“The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in，in terms of convictions(信念)，”he says．“So take a step back， switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities，our values， and our relationships．”Stop worrying about what you can not controlD．As we begin to examine our life，Soupios says，we come to Rule No．2：Worry only about things that you can control．“The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher．His name is Epictetus，”he says．“And what the Stoics say in general is simply this：There is a larger plan in life．You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan．You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan．”E．So，Soupios explains，it is not worth it to waste our physical，intellectual and spiritual energy worrying about things that are beyond our control．“I can not control whether or not l wind up getting the disease swine flu，for example，”he says．“I mean，there are some cautious steps I can take，but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that．So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasteful and irrational．You should live your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely control．’’Seek true pleasureF．To have a meaningful，happy life we need friends．But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don’t qualify as true friendships．“Just because I have a business relationship with an individual．In our pursuit of the good life，he says，it is important to seek out true pleasures—advice which was originally offered by Epicurus．But unlike the modem definition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence (放纵)and luxury,for the ancient Greeks，it meant finding a state of calm，peace and mental ease．dual and I can profit from that relationship．it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend，”Soupios says．“Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul．It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers．”H．“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans，” Soupios says．“This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modem era．I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness，a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way,which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure．”Do good to othersI． Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves，to avoid excess and not to be a prosperous(发迹的) fool．There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationships：Be a responsible human being and do not do evil things to others．J．“This is Hesiod，of course，a younger contemporary poet，we believe，with Homer,”Soupios says．“Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world’s great religions。
2016年6月四级真题及答案解析(第一套)
2016年6月四级考试真题〔第一套〕Part I Writing 〔30 minutes〕Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when youwere in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no morethan 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news reportand the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) The International Labor Organization’s key objective.B) The basic social protection for the most vulnerable.C) Rising unemployment worldwide.D) Global economic recovery.2. A) Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.B) Few countries know how to address the current economic crisis.C) Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.D) Many countries need support to improve their people’s livelihood.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Serve standardised food nationwide.B) Put calorie information on the menu.C) Increase protein content in the food.D) Offer convenient food to customers.4. A) They will be fined.B) They will be closed.C) They will get a warning.D) They will lose customers.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Inability to implement their business plans.B) Inability to keep turning out novel products.C) Lack of a successful business model of their own.D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. A) It is the secret to business success.B) It is the creation of something new.C) It is a magic tool to bring big rewards.D) It is an essential part of business culture.7. A) Its hardworking employees.B) Its flexible promotion strategy.C) Its innovation culture.D) Its willingness to make investments.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation andthe questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)andD). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
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2016年6月18日大学英语四级真题答案与解析写作题目：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.今年四级时隔九年之后首次考了一道应用文写作，虽然出乎意料，但是大家可以根据题干中的关键词“letter”迅速判断今年要写的是书信。
书信本身难度不大，但是需要特别注意英文书信的书写格式。
一、四级书信格式要求1、抬头：收件人的姓名2、正文：三段式3、落款：祝福（yours sincerely）写信人名二、感谢信格式模板:Dear ______,I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for __________________(感谢的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in __________________(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been___________________(没有对方帮助时的后果).No one would disagree that it was you who___________________________(给出细节).Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude. Best wishes.Yours sincerely，Li Ming（注意：抬头的Dear 人名顶格靠左写，后面一定要加逗号！落款yours sincerely和写信人名顶格靠右写，yours sincerely后面也一定要加逗号！Yours sincerely为书信的惯用套话，这个必须得有！）三、真题解析再来看看今天第三套试卷的写作。
写作要求让自己写一封感谢信来表达你对帮助自己克服困难的朋友的感谢。
虽然书信大家可能在复习的时候准备的较少，但其实只要抓住了书信的基本格式，即多了抬头和落款，正文的写作应该较为简单，尤其是第二段，大家可以按照熟悉的原因分析段的方式来写。
1、写作思路：第一段：表明对朋友的感谢并点题；第二段：朋友用哪些方式帮我在哪些方面克服了困难第三段：再次表示对朋友诚挚的感谢并祝愿朋友身体健康。
2、范文：Dear Tom,I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for your great help when I failed that vital English interview. If it had not been for your assistance in giving me those brilliant suggestions and warm encouragement, I fear that I would have lost my way.No one would disagree that it was you who stayed with me and pulled me through the hard time. First and foremost, you told me it is the priority for me to calm down. This is due to the fact that the ability to stay sober and positive made me come up with quite a few ideas to cope with the consequence that failure triggered. Furthermore, you made me learn to analyze my lack of interview skills and find solutions. Plenty of evidence has shown that this work played an indispensable role in my success the next year. Last but not the least, you helped to build my confidence.Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude. Best wishes.Yours sincerely,Li Ming选词填空一、文章主旨：根据首句，我们可以看到整篇文章的主旨意思：physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too.（身体活动对身体活动有好处，越来越多的证据显示它对大脑也有好处），所以我们可以知道整篇文章实际是在讨论身体活动与大脑活动相关的影响。
二、对15个选项进行词性分类A. nB. advC. nD. v-ingE. v-ingF. adjG. adjH. vI. nJ. advK. advL. nM. vN. vO. v三、判断空格词性26. , ___ to have higher GPAs and better scores 固定搭配 tend to 倾向于答案：O27. In a ___ of 14 studies that 空格词性为名词，备选项有 ACIL A. 出席，出勤C 趋势 I 心境 L 表现答案：C28. physical activity and academic ___ 空格词性为名词，备选项有 A I L答案：A29. , ___ in the basic subjects of math, 空格词性为副词，备选项有BJK答案：K30. schools struggle to ___ on smaller budgets. 空格词性为动词原形备选项有HMN答案：N31. With standardized test scores in the U.S. ___ in recent years, 空格词性为动词ing，备选项有DE答案：E32. exercise and academics may not be ___ exclusive. 空格词性为副词，备选项有BJ答案：J33. can improve blood ___ to the brain 空格词性为动词备选项有 DHM答案：H34. ，which are ___ to learning. 空格词性为形容词备选项有FG答案：F35. can improve ___ and relieve stress. 空格词性为名词，备选项有IL答案：L篇章阅读第二篇51. A解析：审题，问的是这个研究的目的，根据题干中的大写字母JAGS定位到第一段，JAGS looked at this question那一句，可以发现研究的目的是为了回答这个问题，由此可知就是上文提到的两个问题，所以是跟personality affect longevity 有关的，答案选A52. D解析：审题，根据outgoing and sympathetic people 定位到第二段，由最后一句话可知作者暗示这些人是更有可能度过艰难时期的人。
答案选D53. C解析：审题，finding 研究发现，out of our exception 出乎我们的意料的，所以结合题文同序原则定位到第三段，一开头就出现了however，所以出乎意料的是有一些你认为有利的人格却对长寿没有影响。
后面接着就举例说明了。
答案选C54. D解析：关键词定位到倒数第二段，研究发现母亲的人格对孩子的寿命有影响，选D55. B解析：定位到最后一段，说明身、心健康二者才是促成长寿的原因。
翻译乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。
这是一处迷人的地方，有很多古桥，中式旅馆和餐馆。
在过去一千多年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明的博物馆。
乌镇所有房屋都用石木建造。
数百年来，当地人沿河边建起了住宅和集市。
无数宽敞美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都会有惊喜的发现。
Wuzhen, an ancient waterside town in Zhejiang Province, is located by the Great Canal. It is a charming scenic spot with numerous old bridges, hotels and restaurants of Chinese style. In the past more than 1,000 years, the water system and life style in Wuzhen has experienced few changes, which is a museum unfolding the ancient civilization. All the houses there are constructed with stones and wood. For hundreds of years, the locals have built dwellings and markets along the river banks. There are innumerable roomy and beautiful courts hiding among the houses, and tourists will have surprise discoveries wherever they go.解析：1.第一句是个标准的A is B, and A is C句式，根据我们之前在课程上讲过的公式直接套取即A is B, and A is C = A, B, is C。
把“浙江的一座古老水镇”这个部分写成“乌镇”的同位语，用“坐落”作为该句的谓语部分。