法律法规专业英语试卷
常见英语法律词汇汇总
常见英语法律词汇汇总英语法律词汇的掌握对于专业律师、法律翻译和涉及法律领域的相关行业从业人员来说是非常重要的。
下面将详细介绍一些常见的英语法律词汇，以便大家更好地理解和运用。
1. Law - 法律Law refers to a system of rules and regulations that are created and enforced by a particular country or community.2. Legal - 法律的Legal pertains to anything related to the law or its requirements.3. Legislation - 立法Legislation refers to the process of creating new laws or modifying existing laws.4. Statute - 法规A statute is a written law that has been formally passed by a legislative body.5. Regulation - 规定A regulation is a rule or directive that is issued by an executive branch of government in order to implement a law.6. Act - 法案An act is a formal written record of a decision made by a legislative body. Acts can be used to create new laws or modify existing ones.7. Legal system - 法律体系A legal system is a framework of rules, institutions, and procedures within which disputes are resolved and laws are made and enforced.8. Court - 法院A court is a governmental body with authority to resolve legal disputes.Courts apply the law to make decisions and judgments.9. Judge - 法官A judge is a public official who presides over court proceedings and makes decisions based on the law.10. Jury - 陪审团A jury is a group of citizens who are chosen to hear evidence and decide the outcome of a trial.11. Defendant - 被告A defendant is a person or entity that is accused of committing a crime or is being sued in a civil case.12. Plaintiff - 原告A plaintiff is a person or entity that brings a lawsuit against another party in a civil case.13. Prosecutor - 检察官A prosecutor is a lawyer who represents the government in criminal cases and is responsible for presenting the case against the defendant.14. Attorney - 律师An attorney is a person who is qualified and licensed to practice law, and is responsible for providing legal advice and representation to clients.15. Evidence - 证据Evidence is any information or material that is presented in court to prove or disprove a fact or issue in a case.16. Testimony - 证词Testimony is the oral or written statement given by a witness under oath in a court proceeding.17. Contract - 合同A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that creates rights and obligations.18. Tort - 侵权行为A tort is a civil wrong that causes harm or loss to another person, and can result in a legal liability.19. Liability - 责任Liability refers to legal responsibility for one's actions or omissions that cause harm to others.20. Damages - 损害赔偿Damages are monetary compensation awarded by a court to a party who hassuffered harm or loss as a result of another's actions.21. Intellectual property - 知识产权Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind such as inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, and designs that are protected by law.22. Copyright - 版权Copyright is a legal protection that gives the creator of an original work the exclusive right to reproduce, distribute, and display the work.23. Trademark - 商标A trademark is a distinctive sign or symbol that is used to identify and distinguish goods or services of one party from those of others.24. Patent - 专利A patent is a government grant that gives inventors the exclusive right to make, use, and sell their inventions for a limited period of time.25. Constitutional law - 宪法法律Constitutional law refers to the body of law that deals with theinterpretation and application of a country's constitution.26. Civil law - 民法Civil law refers to the body of law that governs private disputes between individuals or organizations.27. Criminal law - 刑法Criminal law refers to the body of law that deals with crimes and the punishment of those who commit them.28. International law - 国际法International law refers to the body of rules and principles that govern the relations between states and international organizations.29. Human rights - 人权Human rights are fundamental rights and freedoms that every individual is entitled to, regardless of their nationality, race, gender, or other characteristics.30. Constitutional rights - 宪法权利Constitutional rights are the rights and freedoms guaranteed to individuals by a country's constitution, which serve as the foundation for the legal protection of citizens.31. Due process - 正当程序Due process refers to the fair and impartial treatment of individuals within the legal system, ensuring that their rights are protected and upheld throughout legal proceedings.32. Legal precedent - 法律先例Legal precedent refers to a previously decided case that serves as a guiding principle or authority in subsequent similar cases, providing a basis forlegal interpretation and decision-making.33. Rule of law - 法治The rule of law is the principle that all individuals, including government officials, are subject to and equal before the law, ensuring accountability, fairness, and justice in society.34. Judicial review - 司法审查Judicial review is the power of a court to review and evaluate the constitutionality and legality of laws, regulations, and governmental actions.35. Legal counsel - 法律顾问Legal counsel refers to the advice and representation provided by a lawyer or legal professional to individuals, businesses, or organizations in legal matters.36. Legal ethics - 法律道德Legal ethics are the professional standards and principles that govern the conduct and behavior of lawyers, ensuring integrity, confidentiality, and loyalty to clients.37. Mediation - 调解Mediation is a form of alternative dispute resolution in which a neutral third party facilitates communication and negotiation between conflicting parties to help them reach a mutually acceptable agreement.38. Arbitration - 仲裁Arbitration is a method of resolving disputes outside of court, where aneutral third party, called an arbitrator, reviews the evidence and makes a binding decision.39. Legal research - 法律研究Legal research involves the systematic investigation and analysis of legal principles, statutes, regulations, and cases to support legal arguments and provide accurate legal advice.40. Legal writing - 法律写作Legal writing refers to the clear and concise communication of legal information, including legal opinions, contracts, briefs, and other legal documents, in a manner that is easily understood by the intended audience.41. Legal interpretation - 法律解释Legal interpretation is the process of analyzing and understanding the meaning and intention behind laws, statutes, and legal texts, in order to apply them accurately to specific cases or situations.42. Legal advocacy - 法律倡导Legal advocacy involves representing and defending the interests, rights, and positions of clients in legal proceedings, using persuasive arguments and evidence to support their case.43. Legal education - 法律教育Legal education encompasses the academic study and professional training of individuals aspiring to become lawyers or legal professionals, providing them with the necessary knowledge and skills to practice law.44. Legal system reform - 法律体系改革Legal system reform refers to efforts to improve and update a country's legal system, including its laws, institutions, and procedures, in order to enhance access to justice, efficiency, and fairness.45. Intellectual Property Rights - 知识产权Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) refer to the legal rights granted to individuals or organizations for their creative and innovative works, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, trademarks, and designs. These rights enable creators and innovators to have exclusive control over their creations and prevent others from unauthorized use or exploitation.46. Trade Secret - 商业秘密A trade secret is confidential business information that provides a competitive advantage to its owner. It can include formulas, processes, customer lists, and other valuable information that is not generally known or easily discoverable. Trade secrets are protected by law, and unauthorized acquisition, use, or disclosure of trade secrets can result in legal action.47. Infringement - 侵权Infringement refers to the unauthorized or unlawful use, reproduction, distribution, or display of copyrighted works, trademarks, or otherintellectual property without the permission of the rights holder. Infringement can result in legal consequences, including injunctions, damages, and penalties.48. Fair Use - 合理使用Fair use is a legal doctrine that allows limited use of copyrighted works without the permission of the rights holder, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. The determination of fair use depends on several factors, including the purpose and character of the use, the nature of the copyrighted work, the amount and substantiality used, and the effect on the potential market for the work.49. Legal Aid - 法律援助Legal aid refers to the provision of free or low-cost legal services to individuals who cannot afford to pay for legal representation. It ensures access to justice for marginalized and disadvantaged individuals and helps balance the scales of justice by providing equal opportunities for legal protection and representation.50. Pro Bono - 免费法律服务Pro bono refers to the provision of legal services voluntarily and without charge by lawyers or law firms to individuals or organizations in need. Pro bono work aims to promote equal access to justice and assist those who cannot afford legal representation.51. Legal Clinic - 法律诊所A legal clinic is a facility or program that provides legal assistance and advice to individuals, usually under the supervision of licensed attorneys or law professors. Legal clinics often serve as training grounds for law students to gain practical experience while offering free or low-cost legal services to underserved communities.52. Confidentiality - 保密Confidentiality is the ethical and legal duty to keep information shared by clients or obtained during the course of legal representation confidential. Lawyers are obligated to protect the privacy and confidentiality of their clients and can face disciplinary action if they disclose privileged or confidential information without authorization.53. Conflict of Interest - 利益冲突A conflict of interest arises when a person, such as a lawyer, has competing personal, professional, or financial interests that could compromise their objectivity, judgment, or loyalty to their client. Lawyers must avoidconflicts of interest and, if they arise, disclose them to the client and take appropriate measures to address them.54. Legal Precedent - 法律先例Legal precedent, also known as case law, refers to the past decisions of higher courts that establish binding legal principles and interpretation of the law. Lower courts are generally bound to follow the precedent set by higher courts unless there are compelling reasons to depart from it.55. Legal System Hierarchy - 法律体系层级Legal systems often have a hierarchical structure, with different levels of courts and judicial authorities. Generally, the hierarchy starts with trial courts or district courts at the lowest level, followed by appellate courts or high courts, and ultimately the highest court, such as a supreme court or constitutional court, which has the final authority to interpret and apply the law.56. Legal Dispute Resolution - 法律纠纷解决Legal dispute resolution refers to the methods and processes used to resolve conflicts and disputes between parties, including negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and litigation. Different dispute resolution mechanisms offer varying degrees of formality, cost, flexibility, and finality, allowingparties to choose the most suitable approach for their specific circumstances.57. Legal Liability - 法律责任Legal liability is the legal responsibility or obligation to compensate someone for harm or loss resulting from one's actions or omissions. It can arise from various areas of law, such as tort law, contract law, or criminallaw, and may involve civil or criminal liability depending on the nature of the offense.58. Legal Reform - 法律改革Legal reform refers to deliberate and systematic changes made to improve and update the legal system and its processes. Legal reform aims to address shortcomings, enhance access to justice, promote fairness and efficiency, and adapt the law to social, economic, and technological developments in order to better serve the needs of society.59. Legal Compliance - 法律合规Legal compliance refers to the adherence and conformity to applicable laws, regulations, and legal requirements. Individuals, businesses, and organizations must ensure that their activities and operations comply with the law to avoid legal penalties, reputational damage, and other adverse consequences.60. Legal Due Diligence - 法律尽职调查Legal due diligence involves the careful examination, investigation, and assessment of legal risks and obligations associated with a particular transaction, investment, or business activity. Legal due diligence aims to identify and mitigate potential legal issues, liabilities, or regulatory compliance problems that could impact the outcome or viability of the transaction or activity.以上是一些常见的英语法律词汇汇总，这些词汇的掌握对于从事法律领域工作的人员来说非常重要。
法律英语翻译
若本协议签署之后，中国国家、省、市或地
方政府通过任何新的法律、法规、法令或条例，修 改或废除任何法律、法规、法令或条例的任何条款， 或对任何法律、法规、法令或条例给予不同的解释 或采取不同的实施方法，导致与本协议相冲突，或 对一方在本协议项下的经济利益造成实质性的不利 影响，受到影响的一方经书面通知另一方后，对方 应立即协商并决定是否
as per the relevant provisions of the Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China；
or (ii) to effectuate necessary adjustments in order to preserve each Party’s economic benefit under this Agreement on a basis no less favorable than the economic benefit it would have received if such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted or implemented.
立法文件（legislative documentation）；
司法文件（judicial documentation）；
律师文书（documents prepared by lawyers）；
法律、法规、条例、规章； 判决、裁定；
合同、协议、律师意见、案例等 等。
“庄重的” (solemn)； “刻板的” (rigid)；
1.结构复杂的长句
If, after the signing of this Agreement, the Chinese government either at the State, provincial, municipal or local level adopts any new law, regulation, decree or rule, amends or repeals any provision of any law, regulation, decree or rule, or adopts any different interpretation or method or implementation of any law, regulation, decree or rule,
法律专业英语重点
1.(1) A proposal for concluding a contract addressed to one or more specific persons constitutes an offer if it is sufficiently definite and indicates the intention of the offeror to be bound in case of acceptance.A proposal is sufficiently definite if it indicates the goods and expressly or implicitly fixes or makes provision for determining the quantity and the price.(2) A proposal other than one addressed to one or more specific persons is to be considered merely as an invitation to make offers, unless the contrary is clearly indicated by the person making the proposal.2.(1) A statement made by or other conduct of the offeree indicating assent to an offer is an acceptance. Silence or inactivity does not in itself amount to acceptance.(2) An acceptance of an offer becomes effective at the moment the indication of assent reaches the offeror. An acceptance is not effective if the indication of assent does not reach the offeror within the time he has fixed or, if no time is fixed, within a reasonable time, due account being taken of the circumstances of the transaction, including the rapidity of the means of communication employed by the offeror. An oral offer must be accepted immediately unless the circumstances indicate otherwise.1.(1) A proposal for concluding a contract addressed to one or more specific persons constitutes an offer if it is sufficiently definite and indicates the intention of the offeror to be bound in case of acceptance.A proposal is sufficiently definite if it indicates the goods and expressly or implicitly fixes or makes provision for determining the quantity and the price.(2) A proposal other than one addressed to one or more specific personsis to be considered merely as an invitation to make offers, unless the contrary is clearly indicated by the person making the proposal.3.(1) A statement made by or other conduct of the offeree indicating assent to an offer is an acceptance. Silence or inactivity does not in itself amount to acceptance.(2) An acceptance of an offer becomes effective at the moment the indication of assent reaches the offeror. An acceptance is not effective if the indication of assent does not reach the offeror within the time he has fixed or, if no time is fixed, within a reasonable time, due account being taken of the circumstances of the transaction, including the rapidity of the means of communication employed by the offeror. An oral offer must be accepted immediately unless the circumstances indicate otherwise.。
(完整版)法律学专业英语
(完整版)法律学专业英语法律学专业英语 (完整版)简介本文档旨在介绍法律学专业中使用的英语词汇和表达，以帮助学生更好地理解和运用法律学领域的英语术语。
法律学基础- 法律 (law): 规范社会行为的规则和制度。
- 法律体系 (legal system): 一个国家或地区中的法律规范和相应的机构。
- 法律职业 (legal profession): 从事法律工作的人群，如律师、法官等。
- 法律管辖区域 (jurisdiction): 法律的适用范围和管辖权。
- 法律法规 (legislation): 由立法机关制定的法律规定。
- 司法 (judiciary): 负责解决法律纠纷的机构和程序。
合同法- 合同 (contract): 双方或多方达成的法律协议。
- 条款 (clause): 合同中的具体规定。
- 解除合同 (terminate a contract): 终止合同的关系。
- 违约 (breach of contract): 不履行合同中的义务。
- 诉讼 (litigation): 法律纠纷的裁决过程。
- 裁决 (judgment): 法庭对案件作出的决定。
刑法- 罪行 (crime): 违反法律规定的行为。
- 定罪 (conviction): 法庭裁定有罪。
- 刑罚 (sentence): 法庭对犯罪行为的处罚。
- 谋杀 (murder): 故意杀人的犯罪行为。
- 盗窃 (theft): 非法占有他人财产的犯罪行为。
- 贪污 (bribery): 通过行贿来获取不正当利益的犯罪行为。
市场法- 专利 (patent): 对新发明的独特权利。
- 商标 (trademark): 用于区分某个商品或服务来源的标识。
- 消费者权益 (consumer rights): 保护消费者权益的法律规定。
结束语本文档只是法律学专业英语的简要介绍，希望能为学生们提供一些基础的法律英语表达。
学生可根据具体需要进一步深入研究和了解相关内容。
法律专业英语词汇
汉英法律专业词汇（法理、法制史）Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems按照法律规定：according to law按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教学法：case system案例汇编：case book; case report; law report被视为：be deemed as被宣布为非法：be outlawed; be declared illegal比较法：comparative law比较法学：comparative jurisprudence比较法学派：school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史：comparative legal history比较分析法：method of comparative analysis比较刑法：comparative penal law比较刑法学：comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系：positive causal relationship边缘法学：borderline jurisprudence变通办法：adaptation; accommodation补充规定：supplementary provision补救办法：remedial measures不成文法：unwritten law不动产所在地法律：law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的权利：impartible right不可抗力：force majuere不可侵犯性：inviolability不可让与性：inalienability不履行法律义务：non-performance of obligation不要式行为：informal act不要因的法律行为：non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利：imprescriptible right不作为：abstain from an act; act of omission部门法：department law部门规章：regulation参照：consult参照具体情况：in the light of actual conditions参照原文：consult the original亚里士多德：Aristotle柏拉图：Plato德拉古：Draco盖尤斯：Gaius西塞罗：Marcus Tullius Cicero乌尔比安Ulpianus罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世：Justinian I乌尔比安：Ulpianus西塞罗：Marcus Tullius Cicero优士丁尼皇帝：Justinian《罗马法律汇编》：Roman Digest《民法大全》：Corpus Juris Civilis优士丁尼法典：the Codex Justinianus《优士丁尼民法大全》（《国法大全》）：Corpus Juris Civilis《十二表法》：Twelve Tables拿破仑法典：The Code Napolean《日耳曼法》：Germanic law《教会法大全》Corpus Juris Canonici《汉穆拉比法典》：Code of Hammurabi《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950) ：Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950 （罗）查士丁尼法典：Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编：Authenticum《德国民法典》：German Civil code《大宪章》(1215) ：Great Charter, 1215(英)欧洲大陆法：continental law南京条约：(1843) Treaty of Nanking, 1843罗马－日耳曼法系：Roman-Germanic family罗马私法：Jus Privatum罗马法学派：school of Romanists家庭法：family law教会法：canon law罗马法理学：jurisprudential教会法学家decretalists罗马法：Roman Law; Jus Romanum罗马法系：Roman-Law System（古罗马的）元老院：the Senate超出法律范围的：outside of law超出法律权限的：extralegal超过权限：exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction成文法：written law冲突法：conflict of laws; rules of conflict冲突规则：conflict rule; rule of conflict除（本法）另有规定外：except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外条款：provisory clause除外责任条款：exclusion clause触犯公共利益：encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益：go against the state’s interests触犯人民利益：encroach on the interests of the people; go ag ainst the people’s interests传统法律观念：traditional ideas of law纯粹法学：pure theory of law次要法规：by law次要规则：secondary rule从宽解释原则：doctrine of liberal construction从权利：accessory right达到法定年龄：come of age大法：the fundamental law大法官：Lord High Chancellor大陪审团grand jury大法官法院：Court of Chancery大陆法系：Continental Legal System大律师：barrister《大明律》：Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty （中）《大清律例》：the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中) 单行法规：specific regulations单一法律体系：unitary legal system单一制政府：unitary government但书：proviso当代法学动向：current trend of jurisprudence当然解释：natural interpretation党纪国法：party discipline and the law of the country道德规范：norm of morality道德义务：moral obligation第二读：second reading第三读：third reading二元论：the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制：dual constitutional monarchy system二元论：the dualistic theory二元论者：dualist二元制：bicameral system法的本质：the nature of law法的变化：changes of law法的定义：definition of law法的发展：development of law法的分类：divisions of law法律概念：legal concept法的概念：concepts of law法的规范作用：normalized usage of law法的继承：succession of law法律的理想：ideal of law法律的权威：authority of law法律的失效：lapse of law法律的实施：administration of law; law enforcement法律的适用：application of law法律的统一：unification of law法律的推定：presumption of law法律的推理：analogy of law法律的完整性：integrity of law法律的效力范围：force’s scale of law法律的效力形式：force’s form of law法律的修改：alteration of law法律的演进：evolutin of law法律的原理：principle of law法律地位平等：equal in legal status法律对人的效力：personal act of law编纂法律方法：legal methodology法律分类：classification of law法律赋予权力：authority conferred by law法律改革：law reform法律根据：legal basis法律工作者：legal professional法律关系：legal relation法律关系的运行：process of legal relation法律关系客体：object of legal relation法律关系主体：subject of legal relation法律规定：provisions of law法律规范：norm of law法律规范的逻辑结构：logical structure of legal rule 法律规则体系：system of legal rules法律含义：intendment of law法律另有规定：otherwise stipulated by law法律现象：legal phenomenon法律研究：legal research法律要件：legal requirement法律依据：legal basis法律意见：legal advice法律意见书：legal opinion法律意识：law-consciousness法律意义：legal sense法律用语：legal language法律与正义先验论：a prior theory of law and justice 法律渊源：source of law法律原本注释：gloss法律原理：legal doctrines法律原则：principle of legality法律援助：legal aid法律约束：legal binding; legal restraint法律责任：legal responsibility法律责任的道义基础：moral basic of legal obligation 法律责任的归结：imputaton of legal responsibility法律责任的认定：determination of legal responsibility法律责任的执行：enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体：object of legal responsibility法律责任主体：subject of legal responsibility法律哲学：philosophy of law; philosophie du droit （法）；philosophia juris 法律政策：policy of the law法律职业道德：legal ethics法律指导：legal counsel法律制裁：legal sanction法律制度：regime of law; legal system法律秩序：legal order法律主体资格：capacity as a subject of law法律主张：proposition of law法律属地原则：territoriality of laws法律着述：legal literature法律专家：legal expert法律专业：legal profession法律专着和教科书：legal treatise and textbook法律咨询：legal advice法律尊严：legal sanctity法盲：legal illiterates法权：right法社会学：sociology of law法系：legal system法协会：law society法学：jurisprudence法学士：bachelor of law法学博士：doctor of jurisprudence法学导论：leading principles of law法学的范畴体系：the system of categories of jurisprudence法学的范畴意识：the consciousness of category of jurisprudence法学的基石范畴：fundamental categories of jurisprudence法学方法：method of jurisprudence法学方法论：methodology of jurisprudence法学院：faculty of law; law school法学会：law society法学教科书：law textbooks法学理论：theory of law; legal theory法学权威：an academic authority in law法学体系：system of jurisprudence法学通论：first principles of law法医：forensic medicine法医学：forensic medicine法院：court法院调查：judicial investigation法院管辖权：competence of court法院管辖以外的：extrajudicial法院判决：court decision法院系统：court structure法院组织法：judicature act法则：articles法哲学：philosophy of law法制：legal institution法制传统：tradition of law system法制的精神：spirit of legality法制的尊严：dignity of the legal system法制观念：legal concept法制观念淡薄：very weak in the understanding of law法制教育：legal education; education of legal system法制史：legal history; history of legal system法治：rule of law法治的机制：the mechanism of rule of law法治的要素：the element of rule of law非实质的：immaterial非营利的：non-profit非约束性条款：permissive provision废止法律：annulment of law分别管辖权：separate jurisdiction分别财产制：separation of property regime分别规定：separate provision分担责任：share the responsibility分工负责，互相配合，互相制约：divide responsibility for their own work; coordinate their efforts and check each other分工负责制：division of labor responsibility system分级管理：different levels holding different responsibilities分配制度：distribution system分析法理学：analytical jurisprudence否决权：power veto; veto power否认事实：denial of facts服从法律：amenable to law; subject to the law服从判决：accept a judgment符合程序：be in order符合法律：be in conformity with law符合原则：be in conformity with the principle概括裁定：general verdict概括继承：general succession干扰司法公正：interference with course of justice刚性条款：entrenched clause岗位责任制：post responsibility system高度集中：highly centralize高度民主：high level of democracy高度自治权：high degree of autonomy搁置：set aside; abeyance格式条款：clause of style公认的行为准则：established standard of conduct规避法律：in fraud of law规避义务：evade obligations规范的法律规则：normative rule of law规范法学：normative jurisprudence规范性法律文件：normalizative document of law规范性法律文件的规范化：normalization of normative legal document 过错方：tort-feasor; wrongdoer过错推定原则：doctrine of presumption过错责任：liability for wrongs; tort liability合并条款：consolidation of provisions合法的个人财产：legal personal property合法地位：legal status合法权益：the lawful rights and interests合法行为：lawful acts; legality of purpose合宪性：constitutionality衡平法：equity衡平法规则：rule of equity衡平法学：equity jurisprudence衡平法院：Court of Chancery (美)；Court of Equity （英）后法取代前法：A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one.后法优于前法：lex posterior derogat priori户籍所在地：the place where his residence is registered互为因果：reciprocal causation基本法：fundamental law基本法律规范：basic norm of law基本方针：basic policies基本权利和义务：basic rights and duties基本司法概念和假设：basic legal conception and assumption技术性法规：technical legal rule建立法律关系：create legal relations解释法律的技术规则：technical rule of interpretation解释权：power of interpretation近因：immediate cause禁治产人：imbecile; interdicted person经常居住地：habitual residence经法律确认的：ascertained by law经法律许可：authorized by law经验法学：scholastic theories of law纠问式审判：trial by inspection or examination具有法律约束力的文件：legally binding instrument具有同等效力的：with equal authenticity具有约束力的判例：binding precedent绝对衡平法：absolute equity君主立宪制度：constitutional monarchy开罗会议：Cairo Conference凯恩斯主义：keynesianism可撤销的法律行为：revocable juristic act可让与性：alienability可用法律强制执行的：enforceable at law可预见的：foreseeable可直接适用的法律：directly applicable law可追溯的：retrospective客观条件：objective condition客观因素：objective factor客体：object扩充解释：amplified interpretation理论法理学派：theoretical jurisprudence school理性决定说：theory of rational decision理性认识：conceptual knowledge历史法学：historical jurisprudence历史法学派：historical school of law历史解释：historical interpretation立法机构：legislative body立法权：law-making power; legislative power立法委任权：legislation mandate立法效力：legislative effect立法议案bills立法者：law-maker; legislator立宪：constitutionalism利益冲突：conflict of interests利害关系人：interested person连带法律关系：joint legal relations连带责任：joint and several obligation论理解释：logical interpretation逻辑解释：logical interpretation马克思主义法律理论：Marxism-leninism马克思主义法学：Marxist jurisprudence马克思主义法学家：Marxist jurist没有事实根据的：unsubstantial美国国际法协会：American Institute of International Law 美国海事法庭：Admiralty Courts of the美国联邦地区法院：United States district courts美国联邦法官：federal judge没有法律依据的：lawless没有判决先例的案件：case of first impression民法典：civil code民法法系：Civil-Law System民法通则：General Principles of the Civil Law民法学：science of civil law民事案件中“占有优势证据”的原则：“by a preponderance of evidence” in civil cases 民事权利能力：the capacity for civil rights民事权益：civil rights and interests民事诉讼法学：Civil Procedure Law民事制裁：civil punishment; civil sanction民政部门：the civil affairs department明代法规：laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty明示或默示的：express or implied默示表达：communication by implication内部规章：internal regulations纳妾制：concubinage拟制理论：fiction theory拟制买卖：mancipatio偶然权利：contingent right偶然因果关系：fortuitous causal relationship偶然因素：accidentalia偶因：accidental cause排他的权利：right to exclude all others派生的权利：derived right派生取得：derivative acquisition判例法系：Case Law System普通法法系：Common-Law System判例法系：Case Law System判例汇编：reports; reports of judgments普通法：common law普通法法系：Common-Law System普通法上的补偿：common-law remedy普通法上的过失：common-law negligence普通法上的留置权：common-law lien普通法学：general jurisprudence强制办法：coercive method强制规定：mandatory provisions强制性法规：mandatory rule of law强制性条款：mandatory term侵犯财产权：property torts侵权行为法：tort law侵权责任：tortious liability清理法规：check up laws and regulations区域性法律体系：regional system of laws取证：obtain evidence确权之诉：affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation 确认之诉：action for confirmation; actio confessoria权威解释：authentic interpretation人法：human law, statute personalia人格减等：capitis deminutio人身不可侵犯：inviolability of the person人身非财产关系：personal non-property relations人身关系：personal relation任意解释：arbitrary interpretation柔性宪法：flexible constitution三权分立：separation of powers善意推定：presumption of good faith商法：commercial law商法典：code of commerce社会法学：sociological jurisprudence社会关系：social relations社会规范：social regulation社会连带主义法学：social solidarism jurisprudence社会契约论：theory of social contract社会团体：social organization社会主义法学：socialist jurisprudence社会主义法制：socialist legal system; socialist rule of law神法：divine law神权说：theory of divine right审查制度：censorship; inspection system审计监督：supervise through auditing审计监督权：power to supervise through auditing生效条款：operative clause失效法律：expired laws失效日：expiry date施行细则：implementary provisions实证主义法学派：the positivist school实体法：material law; substantial law实体法上的抗辩：substantial defense实体权利：substantive right实用主义法学：judicial pragmaticism实在法：positive law实在法学：positive jurisprudence实在法学派：positivist实在主义法学：positivist jurisprudence实证法学：positive jurisprudence实质条款：material stipulation实质性的瑕疵：defect of substance实质性解释：material interpretation事实的推定：presumption of fact事业单位：institution适用法律：reference to the law; applicable law适用范围：area of application; sphere of application适用中国法律：be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall apply to) 溯及既往原则：doctrine of retroactivity溯及力：retrospect; retrospective effect损害赔偿：damages梭伦：Solon弹性宪法：elastic constitution特别程序：special procedure特别但书：special proviso特别法：special law特殊主体：special subject提案：motion; overture; proposal提出抗辩：raise a plea; raise a plead条约法：law of treaties同态复仇：retaliation推定合法：presumption of legality停止生效：cease to have effect外国法：foreign law外国法制史：foreign legal history外国人待遇：foreigner treatment完全民事权利能力：full capacity for civil conduct完全丧失行为能力的人：person entirely incapable of legal transaction完全无行为能力：absolute disability万民法：jus gentium违法构成要件：essential condition of delict违宪：violation of constitution无国籍人：stateless persons无条件解释：unconditional interpretation无效的法律：void law无效法律行为：void act; act without legal effect物权：property习惯法：custom law细则：detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws狭义解释：narrow definition下文另有规定者除外：except as hereinafter provided先决条件：precedent condition; prerequisite现实主义法学：realism jurisprudence现行法律：current law; existing law限制解释：restrictive interpretation无国籍人：stateless persons无条件解释：unconditional interpretation无效的法律：void law无效法律行为：void act; act without legal effect物权：property习惯法：custom law细则：detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws狭义解释：narrow definition下文另有规定者除外：except as hereinafter provided先决条件：precedent condition; prerequisite现实主义法学：realism jurisprudence现行法律：current law; existing law限制解释：restrictive interpretation相对主义法学：relativist jurisprudence新分析法学：new analytical jurisprudence新律：New Law , Novellae行为规范：code of conduct学说编纂：the Pandekta形式主义法学：formalist jurisprudence严格解释：strict interpretation严重不法行为：aggravated misconduct; gross misbehavior严重违法：break the law on a serious scale要件：important condition; essential condition一般客体：general object一般权利能力：general legal capacity一般主体：general subject一事不再理的保证：guarantee against double jeorpardy依法办案：handle cases according to law依法独立行使职权：independent exercise of powers within the framework of the law 依照法律的规定：as prescribed by law以法律为准绳：take law as the criterion依法治国：genuine rule of law; running the country according to law义务性规范：obligatory rule义务主体：subject of duty英美法系：Anglo-American Legal System永恒法：eternal law有法必依：ensure that laws are observed有法律约束力：legally binding有条件解释：conditional interpretation有效期间：time of effect; term of validity与法律规定不符：against the forms of the statute与法律相抵触的行为：act going against the law域外效力：extraterritorial effect援引法律条文：invoke a legal provision约束力：binding; binding effect在法律的范围内：within the law暂行条例：interim regulations; provisional regulation整体法学：integrative jurisprudence正当权益：justified rights; legitimate interests正式解释：official interpretation正式渊源：formal source政法学院：institute of political science and law知法犯法：deliberately break the law执法必严：ensure that law’s enforcement be strict执法人员：law enforcement officials执行权：enforcement power直接故意actual intent; direct intent直接后果：immediate consequence直接客体：direct object直接主体：direct subject制定法：statute治外法权：extraterritoriality; extraterritorial jurisdiction中端时效：interrupt the running of the statute of limitation中国大陆的法律：law of China’s mainland中国法制：Chinese legal system中国法制史：Chinese legal history中国特色的社会主义法制：socialist legal system with Chinese character中华法系：Chinese legal system《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》：the Basic law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China主要法律体系：principal legal system自然法：natural law自然法学派：natural law school组成合议庭开庭审理：form a collegial panel to conduct the trial最高国家权力机关：highest organ of state power最高人民法院的解释：interpretation of supreme people’s court遵循先例原则：The Doctrine of Stare作为或不作为：act or omission宪法学行政法学Constitution and Administrative Laws制宪权：constituent power宪法的解释：interpretation of constitution宪法修正案：constitution amendment宪法学：constitutional jurisprudence成文宪法written constitution不成文宪法unwritten constitution符合宪法：constitutionality符合宪法的法律constitutional law刚性宪法：rigid constitution马伯里诉麦迪逊案：Marbury vs. Madison抽象行政行为：abstract administrative act非法活动：unlawful activities非法利益：unlawful interests非法手段：illegal means非强制性行政行为：non-coercive form of administrative action非正式的：informal; irregular非政府机关：non-governmental organization非主要条件：non-essential stipulation非专业的：non-professional国家赔偿案件：case of state compensation国家赔偿的归责原则：principle of culpability for state compensation国家赔偿的双重过错原则：principle of dual faults for state compensation国家赔偿法：state compensation law国家赔偿主体：subject of state compensation行政法：administrative law; executive law行政法规：administrative laws and regulations行政法学：administrative jurisprudence行政解释：administrative interpretation行政救济：administrative remedy治安管理：security administration治安条例：security regulations高级人民检察院：Higher People’s Procuratortate国家权力机关：state authority国际审判机关：state judicial organs国家行政机关：state administrative organs国家意志：state’s will国家职能：function of the state国民待遇：national treatment公安部：Ministry of Public Security公安分局：public security sub-bureau公安厅：public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government地方各级人民代表大会：local people’s congresses at different levels地方各级人民法院：local people’s courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院：local people’s procuratorates at different levels地方各级人民政府：local people’s governments at different levels罚款：impose a fine刑法学Criminal Laws犯罪预防：crime prevention预防犯罪：anti-crime帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪：crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evidence绑架妇女儿童罪：crime of kidnapping women and children包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪：crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate包庇毒品犯罪分子罪：crime of harboring drug criminals报复陷害罪：case of retaliation and frame-ups必要共同犯罪：indispensable joint crime并科原则：doctrine of cumulating punishments剥夺权利：deprival of rights不能犯：impossibility; unrealized offense参加恐怖活动组织罪：crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terrorist activities超越管辖权：excess of jurisdiction超越职权范围：overstep one’s authority惩办和宽大相结合：combine punishment with leniency惩办少数、改造多数的原则：principle of punishing the few and reforming the many惩罚措施：punitive measure惩罚性制裁：punitive sanction惩罚与教育相结合：combination of punishment and education处以刑罚：inflict punishment处以有期徒刑：sentence to fixed-term imprisonment触犯法律：break the law; violate the law抽逃出资罪：crime of flight of capital contribution出口骗税犯罪活动：criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in export出售伪造发票罪：crime of selling counterfeit currency出于对法律的无知：from ignorance of law出于恶意：from malevolence从轻处罚：gie a lesser punishment从重处罚：give a severer punishment单位受贿罪：crime of bribe taken by a unit单一犯罪构成：single constitution of crime盗伐林木罪：crime of illegally chopping down trees; crime of illegally felling trees盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪：crime of stealing or seizing guns, ammunition or explosives 盗窃犯：theft act; larcenist渎职犯罪案件：case of dereliction of duty对象不能犯：object impossibility多次作案：repeatedly commit crimes罚不当罪：punishment does not fit the crime犯意：criminal intent; mens real犯罪低龄化：lowering ages of criminal offenders犯罪动机：criminal motive犯罪构成：constitution of a crime; constitutive elements of a crime犯罪构成要件：special constitutive elements of crime犯罪故意：criminal intent; guilty intent; meas rea犯罪集团：criminal gang; criminal group犯罪客观要件：objective circumstances of a crime犯罪客体：criminal object; object of a crime犯罪实行终了：completion of a criminal act犯罪学：criminology犯罪中止：discontinuance of crime; desistance of crime犯罪主观方面要素：subjective elements of crime犯罪主体：subject of crime犯罪着手：initiate a crime犯罪组织：criminal organization贩卖毒品罪：drug offense; crime of drug trafficking防卫过当：unjustifiable self-defense防卫挑拨：instigation of defense; provocation of defense防卫限度：limit of defense防止类似事件重演：prevent the recurrence of similar incidents妨碍公务罪：crime of disrupting public service妨害公共安全罪：crime of impairing public security放弃权利：withdraw a claim; waive a right非法持、私藏枪支、弹药罪：crime of illegally holding or hiding a firearm or ammunition 非法持有毒品罪：crime of illegally holding drugs非法干涉：illegal intervention非法干预：unlawful interference非法出售增值税专用发票罪：crime of illegal selling invoice for exclusive use of VAT诽谤罪：crime of defamation隔地犯：offense of segregation by location隔时犯：offense of segregation by time工具不能犯：impossibility of instruments故意犯罪：calculated crime; intentional crime故意杀人罪：crime of intentional homicide故意伤害罪：crime of willful and malicious injury管辖：jurisdiction惯犯：habitual criminal惯例：custom and usage过失犯罪：criminal negligence; involuntary crime; negligent crime黑社会性质的犯罪集团：gangland criminal syndicate; mafia-style criminal gang缓期二年执行：with a two-year reprieve缓刑：probate cessat executio集合犯：aggregate offense; collective offense既遂犯：accomplished crime继续犯：continuous crime加重处罚：give an aggravated punishment beyond the maximum prescribed假冒他人注册商标罪：crime of counterfeiting the registered trademark of another假释：parole假想防卫：imaginative defense假想数罪：imaginatively several crimes简单共同犯罪：simple joint crime间接故意：indirect intent; indirect iintentino教唆未遂：attempt of solicitation劫持船只、汽车罪：crime of hijacking a ship or an automobile劫持航空器罪：crime of skyjacking结果犯：consequential offen结果加重犯：aggregated consequential offense结合犯：combinative crime; integrated offense se拒不执行人民法院判决、裁定罪：crime of refusing o execute judgments or orders of the People’s Court具结悔过：make a statement of repentence具体行政行为：specific administrative act具体罪名：concrete accusation绝对不确定法定刑：absolutely indeterminate statutory punishment军人违反职责罪：crimes of soldiers violating military dutie抗税罪：offense of resisting taxes客体不能犯：object impossibility空白罪状：blank facts about a crime滥伐林木罪：crime of illegal denudation累犯：recidivist; repeat offender; cumulative offense连续犯罪：continuing crime量刑：criterion for sentencing; sentencing criterion量刑不当：criterion for sentence量刑幅度：extent for discretionary action of sentencing虐待罪：crime of abusing member of one’s family挪用公款案：case of misappropriation of public funds偶犯：casual offender; casual offense情节加重犯：aggravated offense by circumstances情节特别严重：when the circumstances are particularly wicked情节严重、构成犯罪的：when the circumstances are so serious as to constitute a crime取保候审：post a bail and await trial with restricted liberty of moving扰乱公共场所秩序罪：crime of disturbing order at public places刑法：criminal law刑罚：penalty; punishment刑事责任能力：criminal capacity民商法学与经济法学（Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws）按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment办理注销登记：cancel the registration被代理人：the principal被侵权人the infringed本人名义：in one’s name标的：subject matter补偿制度：compensation system不动产登记制：Lot and Block System财产法：property law财产的添附：accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权：property mortgage财产继承权：the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships财产管理人：property administrator; custodian of property财产混同：confusion; hotchpot财产留置权：encumbrance采用书面形式：in writing仓单：warehouse voucher草签合同：initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract长期合同：long-term contract偿付能力：solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同：cancellation of contract撤销合同：cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权：right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约：revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠：cancellation o will; revocationi of will承运人：actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权：carrier’s lien诚信原则：principle of good faith诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle船舶承租人：charterer船舶抵押权：right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定：establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭：extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记：registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权：possessory lien; lien of ship村民委员会：the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿：punitive damages乘人之危：tak e advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产：dispose of properties处分权：act of disposition处分原则：principle of disposition代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承担的责任：undivided responsibility单方法律行为：unilateral obligation单方行政行为：unilateral administrative act等价有偿：making compensation for equal value对等原则：principle of reciprocity对价：consideration对抗措施：counter measure对人权：right in personam; personal right对世权：real right; right in rem恶意串通：conspire maliciously恶意行为：ill will mala fides法人：judicial person; legal body法人的权利能力：legal capacity of juristic person法人的责任能力：capacity for responsibility of juristic person法人权限：corporate power法人人格：corporate personality法人身份：status of a legal person法人团体：corporation法人资格：corporate capacity法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person负共同连带责任：liable jointly and severally负全部责任：bear all responsibilities; in all charge负有解释的义务：accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors附带的条件：incident附带要求：contingent claim附带原因：contributory cause; inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts附条件的权利：conditional right赋予权力：entitle个体工商户：individual businesses个人合伙：individual partnership各尽所能，按劳分配：from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce公民基本义务：fundamental duties of citizens合同：contract合同法：contract law合同副本：copies of the contract合同规定：contract provisions/stipulations合同履行地法：lex loci contractus合同期限：contract period (or contract term)合同条款：contract terms (or contract clause)合同有效期：contract life合同正本：originals of the contract合伙人：partners合议制：collegial system核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered恢复原状：recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he original conditions; retitutio in integrum集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership技术合同纠纷案件：controversy over a technology contract监护人：guardian。
法律英语
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• Party B agrees to take all necessary steps to prevent Confidential Information from being disclosed to third parties and shall require its personnel to abide by the same confidentiality regulation. Party B shall not disclose Confidential Information to anyone other than to such persons who require access thereto for the exclusive purpose provided hereunder and who are aware of their obligations of confidentiality hereunder. • 乙方同意采取一切必要步骤防止机密信息泄露给第三方,并且应要求其 人员遵守同样的保密规定。乙方不得向其他任何人披露保密信息除了 那些特定需要接触机密信息的人,并为他们提供本协议项下的专门目的 信息,并且了解本协议规定的保密义务的。
•
(3) CONFIDENTIALITY.机密性
• During the term of this Agreement, all the oral and written information, including but no limited to manufacturing technologies, procedures, methods, formulas, data, techniques, experiences, know-how, and business information ("Confidential Information") to be provided by Party A to Party B shall be treated as strictly confidential and shall be used only for the purpose set forth herein. Title to such information and interest related thereto shall remain with Party A at all time. 在本协议期限内,所有的口头和书面信息,包括但不限于制造工艺、程序、方法、 配方、数据、技术、经验、诀窍和商业信息(“机密信息”)须由甲方提供给乙 方。内容是严格保密的,只能用于本协议规定的目的。该等信息的所有权及相 关权益始终为甲方所有。
行政法专业英语
Enforce 强制执行Administration 行政Administration remedy 行政救济Administration law corporate 行政法人Administration law judge 行政法官Administration court 行政法院Administration rules 行政法规Enforce authority 强制执行判决Administrative lawsuit 行政诉讼Administrative law 行政法Administrative litigation 行政诉讼法Obligation 责任Evidence 证据Civil servant 公务员Administrative detention 行政拘留General principles 基本原则The will of the state 国家意志Administrative law relation 行政法联系Administrative subject 行政主体Management 管理Supervise 监督Regulation 规章Specific regulations 单行条例Executive participation 行政参与性Administrative legitimacy 行政合法性Government accountability 政府责任Legal relationship 法律关系Enforceability 执行性Mandatory 强制性Regulate 调控Organize 组织Feature 特征Function 功能Domination 支配Treaty 条约Main 主体Implementation 实施Counter part 相对人Origin 渊源Program 程序Sector act 部门法Security 保障Self-government bill 自治条例Post 职务Constitution 宪法Policing 治安管理Procedure 程序法Substantive 实体法Parties in action 当事人The administration of justice 司法行政Local law 地方法律Separate regulation 单行条例Procedural 程序性Substantive 实体性Administrative entity 行政实体法Administrative procedural 行政程序法The judicial interpretation 司法解释Local explanation 地方解释State department 国务院State organs 国家机关Law enforcement 执法Sanction punish 制裁Super ordinate law 上位法Impartiality 公正Qualifications of Administrative subject 行政主体资格Administrative competence 行政权限System of Administrative law 行政法体系Administrative responsibilities 行政职责Administrative powers 行政职权Dispute 纠纷priority 优先Administrative relation 行政关系Administrative authority 行政职权Administrative supervision 行政监管Legitimacy 合法性Legal liability 法律责任Legal system 法律体系Political principles 政治原则Legitimate right and interests 合法权益Administrative counterpart 行政相对人ordinance 条例amendment 修正案reviewing court 复审法院legal person 法人jurisdiction 司法管辖权state of limitations 诉讼时效imprisonment 监禁administrative reconsideration 行政复议prosecution 起诉prorogation 特权amendment 修正案established rules 成文规则spell out 详细规定legislative power 立法权judicial power 司法权executive power 行政权checks and balance 制约与平衡prosecute 提起公诉self-incrimination 自证其罪standard of proof 证明标准。
专业英语资料(国际法)
1.Article 38 of the Statute of the international Court of Justice states:1.The court,whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such disputes as are submitted to it,shall apply:(a)international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognised by the contesting States;(b)international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law;(c)the general principles of law recognised by civilised nations;(d)subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law.1.法院对于陈诉各项争端，应依国际法裁判之，裁判时应适用：（a）不论普通或特别国际协约，确立诉讼当事国明白承认之规条者。
（b）国际习惯，作为通例之证明而经接受为法律者。
（c）一般法律原则为文明各国所承认者。
（d）在第五十九条规定之下，司法判例及各国权威最高之公法学家学说，作为确定法律原则之补助资料者。
高一英语法律制度单选题50题
高一英语法律制度单选题50题1.There is a law that requires drivers to wear seat belts. “Law” in this sentence means_____.A.ruleB.bookC.penD.car答案：A。
“law”在这个句子中的意思是“规则”，选项A“rule”是规则；选项B“book”是书；选项C“pen”是笔；选项D“car”是汽车。
所以选A。
2.In a court case, the judge makes a decision. “Court case” means_____.A.sports gamew suitC.music concertD.party答案：B。
“court case”是“诉讼案件”的意思，选项A“sports game”是体育比赛；选项B“law suit”是诉讼；选项C“music concert”是音乐会；选项D“party”是聚会。
所以选B。
3.The police officer enforces the law. “Enforces” means_____.A.breaksB.makesC.followsD.carries out答案：D。
“enforces”是“执行”的意思，选项A“breaks”是打破；选项B“makes”是制作；选项C“follows”是跟随；选项D“carries out”是执行。
所以选D。
4.A lawyer represents a client in court. “Represents” means_____.A.helpsB.takesC.stands forD.looks at答案：C。
“represents”是“代表”的意思，选项A“helps”是帮助；选项B“takes”是拿；选项C“stands for”是代表；选项D“looks at”是看。
所以选C。
专业英语资料（国际法）
专业英语资料（国际法）1.Article 38 of the Statute of the international Court of Justice states:1.The court,whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such disputes as are submitted to it,shall apply:(a)international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognised by the contesting States;(b)international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law;(c)the general principles of law recognised by civilised nations;(d)subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law.1.法院对于陈诉各项争端，应依国际法裁判之，裁判时应适用：（a）不论普通或特别国际协约，确立诉讼当事国明白承认之规条者。
（b）国际习惯，作为通例之证明而经接受为法律者。
（c）一般法律原则为文明各国所承认者。
（d）在第五十九条规定之下，司法判例及各国权威最高之公法学家学说，作为确定法律原则之补助资料者。
法律英语试题库及答案
法律英语试题库及答案一、单选题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the correct translation of "plaintiff" in legal English?A. 被告B. 原告C. 证人D. 律师答案：B2. The term "due diligence" in legal context typically refers to:A. 尽职调查B. 尽责调查C. 尽职尽责调查D. 尽职尽责尽责调查答案：A3. In legal English, "contract" is often used to refer to:A. 合同B. 契约C. 协议D. 协议书答案：A4. The phrase "in consideration of" is commonly used in legal documents to mean:A. 鉴于B. 考虑到C. 由于D. 因为答案：B5. Which of the following is not a type of intellectual property?A. 商标B. 专利C. 版权D. 商业秘密答案：D6. The term "tort" in legal English refers to:A. 侵权行为B. 犯罪行为C. 合同违约D. 民事纠纷答案：A7. "Jurisdiction" in legal English means:A. 管辖权B. 审判权C. 执行权D. 立法权答案：A8. The abbreviation "LLC" stands for:A. Limited Liability CompanyB. Limited Legal CompanyC. Legal Liability CompanyD. Legal Limited Company答案：A9. "Probate" in legal English refers to the process of:A. 遗嘱认证B. 遗嘱执行C. 遗嘱公证D. 遗嘱登记答案：A10. "Statute" in legal English is used to denote:A. 法规B. 法律C. 法令D. 条例答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The legal term for a formal written statement submitted toa court is a(n) _____________.答案：brief2. A(n) _____________ is a legal document that outlines the terms and conditions of a contract.答案：agreement3. The process of challenging the validity of a will is known as _____________.答案：contest4. A(n) _____________ is a legal professional who represents clients in court.答案：attorney5. The term _____________ refers to the legal principle that no one may profit from their own wrongdoing.答案：unclean hands6. A(n) _____________ is a legal document that grants a person the authority to act on behalf of another.答案：power of attorney7. The legal term for a formal written request to a court is a(n) _____________.答案：petition8. A(n) _____________ is a legal document that provides evidence of a debt.答案：promissory note9. The legal term for a formal written order from a court is a(n) _____________.答案：decree10. A(n) _____________ is a legal document that outlines the terms and conditions of a sale of real estate.答案：deed三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "lien" in legal English refers to a legal claim on property to secure the payment of a debt. (对/错)答案：对2. "Negligence" in legal English means the failure to exercise reasonable care, resulting in harm to another. (对/错)答案：对3. "Indemnity" in legal English refers to the right to be compensated for a loss or damage suffered. (对/错)答案：对4. A "writ" is a legal document issued by a court that ordersa person to do or refrain from doing a specific act. (对/错) 答案：对5. "Affidavit" in legal English is a written statement of facts voluntarily made by a person under oath. (对/错)答案：对6. "Misdemeanor" in legal English refers to a less serious crime than a felony. (对/错)答案：对7. "Arbitration" is a form of alternative dispute resolution where a neutral third party makes a binding decision. (对/错) 答案：对8. "Eminent domain" refers to the power of the government to take private property for public use without compensation. (对/错)答案：错9. "Venue" in legal English refers to the geographical location where a legal action is brought. (对/错)答案：对10. "Custody" in。
很全的一版法律英语词汇
很全的一版法律英语词汇引言法律英语是法律专业人士必备的一项重要技能。
无论是在法律实践中的法庭辩论，还是在法律文书的撰写中，合适的法律英语词汇都是至关重要的。
本文档旨在提供一个很全的法律英语词汇列表，帮助读者提高法律英语的水平。
一、通用法律术语w - 法律2.Legislation - 法规3.Statute - 法令4.Regulation - 规章5.Act - 法案6.Case - 案例7.Jurisdiction - 管辖权8.Court - 法院9.Judge - 法官10.A ttorney - 律师11.D efendant - 被告12.P lntiff - 原告13.W itness - 证人14.E vidence - 证据15.V erdict - 裁决二、合同法1.Contract - 合同2.Offer - 出价3.Acceptance - 接受4.Consideration - 对价5.Breach - 违约6.Performance - 履行7.Damages - 损害赔偿8.Termination - 终止9.Agreement - 协议10.C ounteroffer -还盘三、刑法1.Crime - 犯罪2.Offense - 违法行为3.Murder - 谋杀4.Robbery - 抢劫5.Theft - 盗窃6.Assault - 袭击7.Fraud - 欺诈8.Sentence - 判决9.Conviction - 定罪10.G uilty - 有罪11.I nnocent - 无罪四、知识产权法1.Copyright - 版权2.Trademark - 商标3.Patent - 专利4.Infringement - 侵权5.Intellectual Property - 知识产权6.License - 许可证7.Royalty - 版税8.Invention - 发明9.Trade Secret - 商业秘密10.F r Use - 合理使用五、公司法pany - 公司2.Shareholder - 股东3.Director - 董事4.Merger - 合并5.Acquisition - 收购6.Incorporation - 注册成立7.Bylaws - 法规章程8.Share - 股份9.Dividend - 红利10.B oard of Directors - 董事会六、劳动法1.Employment - 就业2.Employee - 员工3.Employer - 雇主4.Discrimination - 歧视5.Overtime - 加班6.Termination - 解雇7.Retaliation - 报复8.Worker’s Compensation - 工伤赔偿9.Collective Bargning - 集体协商10.M inimum Wage - 最低工资结论以上展示了一个很全的法律英语词汇列表，覆盖了通用法律术语以及一些常见的法律领域术语。
法律专业英语词汇必备
法律专业英语词汇必备（一）1.草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests2.查阅法条source legal provisions3.产权转让conveyancing4.出差go on errand; go on a business trip5.出国深造further study abroad6.出具律师意见书providing legal opinion7.出示的证据exhibit8.出庭appear in court9.传票summons; subpoena10.答辩状answer; reply11.代理词representation12.代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate13.代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporation14.代理仲裁agency for arbitration15.代写文书drafting of legal instruments16.待决案件pending case17.当事人陈述statement of the parties18.第三人third party19.吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license20.调查笔录investigative record（二）1.调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence2.调解mediation3.调解书mediation4.二审案件case of trial of second instance5.发送电子邮件send e-mail6.法律顾问legal consultants7.法律意见书legal opinions8.法律援助legal aid9.法律咨询legal counseling10.法庭division; tribunal11.法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)12.法学会law society13.法学课程legal courses14.法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)15.法学系faculty of law; department of law16.法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)17.法学院law school18.法院公告court announcement19.反诉状counterclaim20.房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer(三)1.非合伙律师associate lawyer2.非诉讼业务non-litigation practice3.高级合伙人senior partner4.高级律师senior lawyer5.各类协议和合同agreements and contracts6.公安局Public Security Bureau7.公司上市company listing8.公诉案件public-prosecuting case9.公证书notarial certificate10.国办律师事务所state-run law office11.国际贸易international trade12.国际诉讼international litigation13.国内诉讼domestic litigation14.合伙律师partner lawyer15.合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law office16.合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision17.会见当事人interview a client18.会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect19.兼职律师part-time lawyer20.监狱prison; jail（四）1.鉴定结论expert conclusion2.缴纳会费membership dues3.举证责任burden of proof4.决定书decision5.勘验笔录record of request6.看守所detention house7.抗诉书protest8.控告人accuser; complainant9.跨国诉讼transnational litigation10.劳动争议labor disputes11.劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitration committee for labor disputes12.劳改场reform-through-labor farm; prison farm13.利害关系人interested party; party in interest14.律管处处长director of lawyer control department15.律师lawyer attorney; attorney at law16.律师惩戒lawyer discipline17.律师法Lawyer Law18.律师费lawyer fee19.律师函lawyer’s letter20.律师见证lawyer attestation/authentication（五）1.律师见证书lawyer certification/authentication/witness2.律师卷宗lawyer’s docile; file3.律师刊物lawyer’s journal4.律师联系电话contact phone number of a lawyer5.律师事务所law office; law firm6.律师收费billing by lawyer7.律师网站lawyer website8.律师协会National Bar (Lawyer) Association9.律师协会会员member of Lawyer Association10.律师协会秘书长secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association11.律师协会章程Articles of Lawyer Association12.律师业务室lawyer’s office13.律师执业证lawyer license14.律师助理assistant lawyer15.律师资格考试bar exam; lawyer qualification exam16.律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate17.民事案件civil case18.民事调解civil mediation19.民事诉讼civil litigation20.派出所local police station; police substation（六）1.判决judgment(用于民事、行政案件); determination(用于终审); sentence(用于刑事案); verdict(由陪审团作出)2.旁证circumstantial evidence3.企业章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw4.企业重组corporate restructure5.起诉状information; indictment6.取消律师资格disbar7.全国律师代表大会National Lawyer Congress8.缺席宣判pronounce judgment or determination by default9.人民法院People’s C ourt10.人民检察院People’s Procuratorates11.认定事实determine facts12.上诉案件case of trial of second instance; appellate case13.上诉人appellant14.上诉状petition for appeal15.涉外律师lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters16.申请复议administrative reconsideration petition17.申请加入律师协会application for admission to Law Association18.申请人petitioner; claimant19.申诉案appeal case20.申诉人（仲裁）claimant; plaintiff（七）1.按照法律according to the law2.实习律师apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period3.实习律师证certificate of apprentice lawyer4.视听证据audio-visual reference material5.适用法律apply law to facts6.受害人victim7.书证documentary evidence8.司法部Ministry of Justice9.司法建议书judicial advise10.司法局Judicial Bureau11.司法局副局长deputy director of Judicial Bureau12.司法局局长director of Judicial Bureau13.申诉书appeal for revision, petition for revision14.司法统一考试uniform judicial exam15.送达service of process16.诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit17.诉讼当事人litigation party; litigious party18.诉讼业务litigation practice19.诉状complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim20.案例系统case system（八）1.推销法律服务promote/market legal service2.受理Acceptance3.外国律师事务所foreign law office4.委托代理合同authorized representation contract5.委托代理人entrusted agent6.委托授权书power of attorney7.检举accusation8.被告accused9.宣告…无罪acquit10.宣告无罪acquittal11.控告accuse12.指责arraign13.法案bill14.法典code15.商人法law merchant16.商法commercial law mercantile Law Business Law17.商事关系commercial relation18.抗税罪offense of resisting taxes19.替代replace20.利润profit（九）1.个人平均所得per capita income2.消费者破产consumer bankruptcy3.公司破产company insolvency; corporate bankruptcy4.消费者破产consumer bankruptcy5.会计报表accounting statements6.行使撤销权in pursuance of avoidance7.可撤销交易voidable transaction8.可撤销的优惠voidable preference9.赠与和低价交易gift and transactions at an undervalue10.欺诈性转让fraudulent transfers11.案件名称title of a case12.案卷材料materials in the case13.案情陈述书statement of case14.案外人person other than involved in the case15.案值total value involved in the case16.上诉人appellant17.仲裁arbitration18.殴打assault19.扣押attachment20.联营pooling of interest method（十）1.法律law2.败诉方losing party3.办案人员personnel handling a case4.保全措施申请书application for protective measures5.报案report a case (to security authorities)6.被告defendant; the accused7.被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused8.被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder9.被害人victim10.顺向担保downstream guaranties11.逆向担保upstream guaranties12.交叉担保cross guaranties13.公平的对价fair consideration14.不当行为irregularity15.无偿转让gratuitous alienation16.法令decree17.契据deed18.诽谤defamation19.被告defendant20.辩护人defender（十一）1.法律责任legal liability；legal responsibility2.欺诈性交易fraudulent trading3.不当交易wrongful trading4.潜在损失potential loss5.抽逃remove6.低价交易transaction at an undervalue7.非正常压价abnormally depressed price8.放弃债权disclaim；abandon one’s claims9.免除release10.规定的prescribed11.警察cop12.法律顾问counsel13.顾问,律师counselor14.法院court15.法院书记官court reporter16.定金deposit17.判决determination18.解除determine19.清偿discharge20.证据evidence（十二）1.口头in speech2.承兑acceptance; honor3.有条件承兑qualified acceptance4.附条件承兑conditional acceptance5.部分承兑partial acceptance6.参加承兑acceptance by intervention7.票据保证bill guaranty; surety；warranty8.付款payment; disbursement9.陈述presentment10.提示要求付款to present for payment11.参加付款payment by intervention12.拒付,退票dishonor13.法定证据statutory legal evidence14.法定证据制度system of legal evidence15.法官judges16.法警bailiff; court police17.法律文书legal instruments/papers18.法律援助legal aid19.法律咨询legal consulting20.法庭辩论court debate（十三）1.法律效力legal effect2.法庭调查court investigation3.法庭审理笔录court record4.法庭审理方式mode of court trial5.法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal6.支票check;7.空头支票rubber check8.支票薄check book9.支票出票人check drawer10.不记名支票check to bearer; bearer check11.未到期支票postdated check12.保付支票certified check13..实物证据tangible evidence14.实在证据real evidence15.记名支票check to order16.到期支票antedated check17.示意证据demonstrative evidence18.视听证据audio-visual evidence19.首席大法官chief justice20.法人代表corporate representative（十四）1.法律事务legal business2.草签合同initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract3.长期合同long-term contract4.偿付能力solvency capability of reimbursement5.超越代理权beyond the scope of one’s power of agency6.法人权限corporate power7.法人人格corporate personality8.法人身份status of a legal person9.撤消合同cancellation of contract10.撤销合同cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract11.撤销权right of rescission; right of revocation12.撤销要约revocation of offer; revoke an offer13.法人团体corporation14.法人资格corporate capacity15.刑事审判庭criminal tribunal16.刑事诉讼criminal proceedings17.刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law18.刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint19.证据保全preserve evidence20.分析能力analysis ability（十五）1.法律法规laws and regulations2.犯罪动机criminal motive3.犯罪构成constitution of a crime; constitutive elements of a crime4.犯罪构成要件special constitutive elements of crime5.犯罪实行终了completion of a criminal act6.犯罪学criminology7.犯罪预防crime prevention8.国家赔偿法state compensation law9.国家赔偿主体subject of state compensation10.犯罪故意criminal intent; guilty intent11.犯罪集团criminal gang; criminal group12.犯罪客观要件objective circumstances of a crime13.犯罪客体criminal object; object of a crime14.国家权力机关state authority15.国际审判机关state judicial organs16.国家行政机关state administrative organs17.国家意志state’s will18.宣誓swear19.作证testify20.拒绝立案throw out a case。
法学人文英语3试题答案
法学人文英语3试题答案一、选择题1. 合同法中的“要约”是指（）。
A. 一方对另一方的承诺，一旦承诺被接受，合同即成立。
B. 一方对另一方的请求，请求被接受后合同成立。
C. 一方对另一方的承诺，承诺可以撤回直到被接受。
D. 一方对另一方的承诺，承诺不可撤回，一旦接受即合同成立。
答案：A2. 在侵权法中，以下哪项不是侵权行为的构成要件？A. 行为人的行为违反了法律规定。
B. 行为人的行为造成了损害。
C. 行为人的行为是出于善意的。
D. 行为人的行为与损害之间存在因果关系。
答案：C3. 根据《中华人民共和国民法典》，以下哪项不属于民事权利？A. 财产权。
B. 人格权。
C. 知识产权。
D. 刑事处罚权。
答案：D4. 在英美法系中，判例法的作用是（）。
A. 仅作为法官判决的参考。
B. 具有约束力，必须被下级法院遵循。
C. 仅适用于相同案件的判决。
D. 只适用于法律没有明确规定的情况。
答案：B5. 关于国际法，以下说法正确的是（）。
A. 国际法只适用于国家之间的交往。
B. 国际法主要由国内法律构成。
C. 国际条约是国际法的主要来源之一。
D. 国际法对非国家主体没有约束力。
答案：C二、填空题1. 在法律上，_________是指一个人或组织为了保护自己的合法权益，依照法定程序向人民法院提起诉讼的行为。
答案：起诉2. 根据《中华人民共和国宪法》，中华人民共和国的一切权力属于_______。
答案：人民3. 在刑法中，犯罪的主观方面通常指的是犯罪者的_______和_______。
答案：故意，过失4. 英语中，"due process of law"是指_______。
答案：法定程序5. 在国际关系中，"sovereign state"是指_______。
答案：主权国家三、简答题1. 请简述合同无效的情形有哪些？答：合同无效的情形主要包括：一方以欺诈、胁迫的手段订立合同，损害国家利益；恶意串通，损害国家利益、集体利益或第三人利益；以合法形式掩盖非法目的；损害社会公共利益；违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定。
d(1)
法律英语/翻译的学习方法1、坚持看原版的法律新闻，如：，如果上网方便，最好每天去一次，哪怕是时间只够把新闻标题看完……！2、坚持用原版的法律词典，最好的当然是Black's Law Dictionary，不过，这两个地方的法律词典也不错：; 。
当然，刚开始用原版的法律词典可能有些不习惯，从长远来看，这是非常有好处的。
3、坚持读原版的法律书籍，4、坚持听原版的法律节目，cnn和abc及bbc每周都有与法律有关的节目，这些节目网上也可以收听，只不过要通过代理服务器，还好，这个网站可以访问：, 只是这里的节目没有原文对照，听起来有些难。
还有：坚持分析原版的案件，坚持用英语写读书笔记和日记，坚持用英语思考，用英语和朋友，和自己对话法律英语/翻译学习的层次与材料简介1. 入门搭框型：了解法律英语的基本词汇、语用同时了解西方法律、司法基本体系构架，即Mr.何家弘的“一石二鸟”。
可以学习下何家弘的《法律英语》（法律出版社，2003 第二版，）。
这种书要精读。
试着自己动手翻译一遍，事半功倍。
基础好同学可以接着读一点，英国人或美国人专门给外国人学法律英语的书，如《English Law and Language》(Cassell 出版)。
2. 专业型拓展型：拓展下自己的专业或者自己喜欢的领域。
建议通读一本相关领域的简明教材，例如blackstone,nutshell系列的都不错的。
另外，以熟悉的领域为核心，是提高英语的水平的有效捷径。
3. 比较参考型：即研究某个课题外国是否有相同的法律规定、案例规则等。
学会泛读，把握主旨。
以精读课的方式来读，反而会让自己陷入生词、查词旋涡。
类似方面的，可以读一些案例。
例如：https://数据库大学校园网通常能已经由学校付费，学生可以免费使用。
（附：《数据库》是面向法律专业人员设计的，拥有11400多个数据资料库以及31500多项资料来源，特别是在法律事务方面，是收录最全的法律资源库之一。
法律英语
draft 法案,草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止,取消rescission, annulment 废除,取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免,豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利,公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit 按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教学法case system案例汇编case book; case report; law report柏拉图 Plato被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be outlawed; be declared illegal比较法comparative law比较法学comparative jurisprudence比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史 comparative legal history比较分析法method of comparative analysis比较刑法comparative penal law比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship边缘法学borderline jurisprudence变通办法adaptation; accommodation补充规定supplementary provision补救办法remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci rei immobilisci 不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力 force majeure不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为abstain from an act; act of omission部门法department law部门规章regulation参照 consult参照具体情况 in the light of actual conditions参照原文 consult the original查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编 Authenticum超出法律范围的 outside of law超出法律权限的 extralegal超过权限 exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction成文法 written law成文宪法 written constitution冲突法 conflict of laws; rules of conflict冲突规则 conflict rule; rule of conflict除（本法）另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外条款 provisory clause除外责任条款 exclusion clause触犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益 go against the state's interests触犯人民利益 encroach on the interests of the people; go against the people's interests 传统法律观念 traditional ideas of law纯粹法学 pure theory of law次要法规 by law次要规则 secondary rule从宽解释原则 doctrine of liberal construction从权利 accessory right达到法定年龄 come of age大法 the fundamental law大法官 Lord High Chancellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大陆法系 Continental Legal System大律师 barrister《大明律》Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty（中）大陪审团 grand jury《大清律例》the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中)《大宪章》(1215) Great Charter, 1215(英)单行法规 specific regulations单一法律体系 unitary legal system单一制政府 unitary government但书 proviso当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence当然解释 natural interpretation党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country道德规范norm of morality道德义务 moral obligation《德国民法典》German Civil code德拉古 Draco地方各级人民代表大会 local people's congresses at different levels 地方各级人民法院local people's courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院local people's procuratorates at different levels 地方各级人民政府local people's governments at different levels第二读 second reading第三读 third reading二元论the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制 dual constitutional monarchy system二元论 the dualistic theory二元论者dualist二元制 bicameral system法的本质 the nature of law法的变化changes of law法的定义definition of law法的发展development of law法的分类 divisions of law法的概念concepts of law法的规范作用normalized usage of law法的继承succession of law法的精神 spirit of law法的可预测性foreseeability of law法的类型types of law法的历史类型的更替 the replacement of one historical mode of law by another 法的历史渊源 historical origin of law法的连续性continuity of law法的内容contexts of law法的社会作用 social usage of law法的生效operation of law法的实现realization of law法的特征character of law法的现象legal phenomenon法的消亡 withering away of law法的形式渊源formal source of law法的要素elements of law法的渊源source of law法的职能function of law法的作用role of law法典code; statute book法典编纂 codification of codes法定成年人的年龄age of majority; legal age法定程序legal procedure法定处罚statutory penalty法定代理人：agent ad litem法定解释statutory interpretation法定量刑情节 legally prescribed circumstances of sentencing法定年龄 legal age; lawful age法定年龄限制 a statutory age limit法定期间 prescribed time法定期限 legal term法定权利 legal right; right entitled by law法定权限 limits of power prescribed by law法定人数 quorum法定日 appointed day法定时间 appointed time法定时效 statutory prescription法定条件 legal condition法定限制 statutory restrictions法定效力 statutory force法定刑 legally-prescribed punishment法定形式 legal form法定责任 statutory duty法定追溯期 time of legal memory法定最高刑 maximum statutory penalty; maximum statutory sentence 法官 judge法官的自由裁量权 judge's power of discretion法官权力范围 extent of judge's power法官心证 judge's mental impression法官中立原则 Nemo debt esse judex in propria causa法规编纂 condification of laws and regulations法规的解释 interpretation of statutes法规汇编 corpus of the laws and regulations《法国民法典》Code Civile de Francais (法)法理 jurisprudence; principle of law法理学家 jurisprudent法律保护 legal protection法律编纂 codification法律标准 legal standards法律补救 legal redress法律部门 legal department法律草案 draft regulations法律措施 legal measures法律大全 Corpus legume法律的本土化和改写 the localization and adaptiion of laws法律的本质 essence of law法律的地位 position of law法律的定义 definition of law法律的废止 abolishment of law法律的公共秩序论 public order theory of law法律的规范性 normalization of law法律的继承 succession of law法律的理想ideal of law法律的权威 authority of law法律的失效lapse of law法律的实施administration of law; law enforcement 法律的适用application of law法律的统一 unification of law法律的推定 presumption of law法律的推理 analogy of law法律的完整性 integrity of law法律的效力范围 force's scale of law法律的效力形式 force's form of law法律的修改alteration of law法律的演进 evolution of law法律的原理 principle of law法律地位平等equal in legal status法律对人的效力personal act of law编纂法律方法 legal methodology法律分类 classification of law法律赋予权力 authority conferred by law法律改革 law reform法律概念 legal concept法律根据 legal basis法律工作者 legal professional法律关系legal relation法律英语 法律关系的运行 process of legal relation法律关系客体 object of legal relation法律关系主体 subject of legal relation法律规定provisions of law法律规范 norm of law法律规范的逻辑结构 logical structure of legal rule法律规则体系 system of legal rules法律含义 intendment of law法律另有规定：otherwise stipulated by law法律现象legal phenomenon法律研究legal research法律要件 legal requirement法律依据 legal basis法律意见 legal advice法律意见书 legal opinion法律意识 law-consciousness法律意义 legal sense法律用语 legal language法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law and justice法律渊源 source of law法律原本注释 gloss法律原理 legal doctrines法律原则 principle of legality法律援助legal aid法律约束 legal binding; legal restraint法律责任 legal responsibility法律责任的道义基础 moral basic of legal obligation法律责任的归结 imputaton of legal responsibility法律责任的认定 determination of legal responsibility法律责任的执行 enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体 object of legal responsibility法律责任主体 subject of legal responsibility法律哲学 philosophy of law; philosophie du droit （法）；philosophia juris 法律政策 policy of the law法律职业道德 legal ethics法律指导 legal counsel法律制裁 legal sanction法律制度 regime of law; legal system法律秩序 legal order法律主体资格 capacity as a subject of law法律主张 proposition of law法律属地原则 territoriality of laws法律著述 legal literature法律专家 legal expert法律专业 legal profession法律专著和教科书 legal treatise and textbook法律咨询 legal advice法律尊严 legal sanctity法盲 legal illiterates法权 right法社会学 sociology of law法系 legal system法协会 law society法学 jurisprudence法学博士 doctor of jurisprudence法学导论 leading principles of law法学的范畴体系 the system of categories of jurisprudence法学的范畴意识 the consciousness of category of jurisprudence 法学的基石范畴 fundamental categories of jurisprudence法学方法 method of jurisprudence法学方法论 methodology of jurisprudence法学会 law society法学教科书 law textbooks法学理论 theory of law; legal theory法学权威 an academic authority in law法学士 bachelor of law法学体系 system of jurisprudence法学通论 first principles of law法学院 faculty of law; law school法医 forensic medicine法医学 forensic medicine法院 court法院调查 judicial investigation法院管辖权 competence of court法院管辖以外的 extrajudicial法院判决 court decision法院系统 court structure法院组织法 judicature act法则 articles法哲学 philosophy of law法制legal institution法制传统 tradition of law system法制的精神 spirit of legality法制的尊严 dignity of the legal system法制观念 legal concept法制观念淡薄 very weak in the understanding of law 法制教育 legal education; education of legal system 法制史 legal history; history of legal system法治 rule of law法治的机制 the mechanism of rule of law法治的要素 the element of rule of law非实质的 immaterial非营利的 non-profit非约束性条款 permissive provision废止法律 annulment of law分别管辖权 separate jurisdiction分别财产制 separation of property regime分别规定 separate provision分担责任 share the responsibility分工负责，互相配合，互相制约 divide responsibility for their own work; coordinate their efforts and check each other分工负责制 division of labor responsibility system分级管理 different levels holding different responsibilities分配制度 distribution system分析法理学 analytical jurisprudence否决权 power veto; veto power否认事实 denial of facts服从法律 amenable to law; subject to the law服从判决 accept a judgment符合程序 be in order符合法律 be in conformity with law符合宪法 constitutionality符合宪法的法律 constitutional law符合原则 be in conformity with the principle盖尤斯 Gaius概括裁定 general verdict概括继承 general succession干扰司法公正 interference with course of justice刚性条款 entrenched clause刚性宪法 rigid constitution岗位责任制 post responsibility system高等法院 high court; high court of justice高度集中 highly centralize高度民主 high level of democracy高度自治权 high degree of autonomy高级法官 senior judge高级法院superior court高级人民法院 Higher People' Court高级人民检察院 Higher People' Procuratortate搁置 set aside; abeyance格式条款 clause of style公认的行为准则 established standard of conduct规避法律 in fraud of law规避义务 evade obligations规范的法律规则 normative rule of law规范法学 normative jurisprudence规范性法律文件 normalizative document of law规范性法律文件的规范化 normalization of normative legal document 国际法international law国际法学 international jurisprudence过错方 tort-feasor; wrongdoer过错推定原则 doctrine of presumption过错责任 liability for wrongs; tort liability海事法院 court of admiralty《汉穆拉比法典》 Code of Hammurabi合并条款 consolidation of provisions合法的个人财产 legal personal property合法地位 legal status合法权益 the lawful rights and interests合法行为 lawful acts; legality of purpose合宪性 constitutionality衡平法 equity衡平法规则 rule of equity衡平法学 equity jurisprudence衡平法院 Court of Chancery (美)；Court of Equity（英）后法取代前法 A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one. 后法优于前法 lex posterior derogat priori户籍所在地：the place where his residence is registered互为因果 reciprocal causation基本法 fundamental law基本法律规范 basic norm of law基本方针 basic policies基本权利和义务 basic rights and duties基本司法概念和假设 basic legal conception and assumption 技术性法规 technical legal rule家庭法 family law建立法律关系create legal relations教会法 canon law《教会法大全》Corpus Juris Canonici教会法学家 decretalists解释法律的技术规则 technical rule of interpretation解释权 power of interpretation近因 immediate cause禁治产人 imbecile; interdicted person经常居住地：habitual residence经法律确认的 ascertained by law经法律许可 authorized by law经验法学 scholastic theories of law纠问式审判 trial by inspection or examination具有法律约束力的文件 legally binding instrument具有同等效力的 with equal authenticity具有约束力的判例 binding precedent绝对衡平法 absolute equity君主立宪制度 constitutional monarchy开罗会议 Cairo Conference凯恩斯主义 Keynesianism可撤销的法律行为 revocable juristic act可让与性 alienability可用法律强制执行的 enforceable at law可预见的 foreseeable可直接适用的法律 directly applicable law可追溯的 retrospective客观条件 objective condition客观因素 objective factor客体 object扩充解释 amplified interpretation理论法理学派 theoretical jurisprudence school 理性决定说 theory of rational decision理性认识 conceptual knowledge历史法学 historical jurisprudence历史法学派 historical school of law历史解释 historical interpretation立法机构legislative body立法权 law-making power; legislative power立法委任权 legislation mandate立足翻译 立法效力 legislative effect立法议案 bills立法者 law-maker; legislator立宪 constitutionalism利益冲突 conflict of interests利害关系人interested person连带法律关系 joint legal relations连带责任 joint and several obligation论理解释 logical interpretation罗马法Roman Law; Jus Romanum罗马法系 Roman-Law System罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世 Justinian I罗马法理学 jurisprudential《罗马法律汇编》Roman Digest罗马法学派 school of Romanists罗马－日耳曼法系 Roman-Germanic family罗马私法 Jus Privatum逻辑解释 logical interpretation马伯里诉麦迪逊案 Marbury vs. Madison马克思主义法律理论 Marxism-leninism马克思主义法学 Marxist jurisprudence马克思主义法学家 Marxist jurist没有事实根据的 unsubstantial美国国际法协会 American Institute of International Law美国海事法庭 Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.美国联邦地区法院 United States district courts美国联邦法官 federal judge没有法律依据的 lawless没有判决先例的案件 case of first impression《民法大全》Corpus Juris Civilis民法典 civil code民法法系Civil-Law System民法通则： General Principles of the Civil Law民法学 science of civil law民事案件中"占有优势证据"的原则 "by a preponderance of evidence" in civil cases 民事权利能力：the capacity for civil rights民事权益：civil rights and interests民事诉讼法学 Civil Procedure Law民事制裁 civil punishment; civil sanction民政部门：the civil affairs department明代法规 laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty明示或默示的 express or implied默示表达 communication by implication拿破仑法典 The Code Napolean内部规章 internal regulations纳妾制 concubinage南京条约 (1843) Treaty of Nanking, 1843拟制理论 fiction theory拟制买卖 mancipatio欧洲大陆法 continental law偶然权利 contingent right偶然因果关系 fortuitous causal relationship偶然因素 accidentalia偶因 accidental cause排他的权利 right to exclude all others派生的权利 derived right派生取得 derivative acquisition判例法系 Case Law System普通法法系 Common-Law System判例法系 Case Law System判例汇编 reports; reports of judgments普通法 common law普通法法系 Common-Law System普通法上的补偿 common-law remedy普通法上的过失 common-law negligence普通法上的留置权 common-law lien普通法学 general jurisprudence强制办法 coercive method强制规定 mandatory provisions强制性法规 mandatory rule of law强制性条款 mandatory term侵犯财产权 property torts侵权行为法 tort law侵权责任 tortious liability清理法规 check up laws and regulations区域性法律体系 regional system of laws取证 obtain evidence确权之诉 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation 确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria权威解释 authentic interpretation人法 human law, statute personalia人格减等 capitis deminutio人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations人身关系 personal relation任意解释 arbitrary interpretation《日耳曼法》Germanic law柔性宪法 flexible constitution三权分立 separation of powers善意推定 presumption of good faith商法 commercial law商法典 code of commerce社会法学 sociological jurisprudence社会关系 social relations社会规范 social regulation社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence社会契约论 theory of social contract社会团体：social organization社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law 神法 divine law神权说 theory of divine right审查制度 censorship; inspection system审计监督 supervise through auditing审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing生效条款 operative clause失效法律 expired laws失效日 expiry date施行细则 implementary provisions实证主义法学派 the positivist school《十二表法》 Twelve Tables实体法 material law; substantial law实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense实体权利 substantive right实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism实在法 positive law实在法学 positive jurisprudence实在法学派 positivist实在主义法学 positivist jurisprudence实证法学 positive jurisprudence实质条款 material stipulation实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance实质性解释 material interpretation事实的推定 presumption of fact事业单位：institution适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law适用范围 area of application; sphere of application适用中国法律：be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall apply to) 溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect损害赔偿 damages梭伦 Solon弹性宪法 elastic constitution特别程序 special procedure特别但书 special proviso特别法 special law特殊主体 special subject提案motion; overture; proposal提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead条约法 law of treaties同态复仇 retaliation推定合法presumption of legality停止生效cease to have effect外国法 foreign law外国法制史 foreign legal history外国人待遇 foreigner treatment完全民事权利能力：full capacity for civil conduct完全丧失行为能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction完全无行为能力 absolute disability万民法 jus gentium违法构成要件 essential condition of delict违宪 violation of constitution乌尔比安 Ulpianus无国籍人：stateless persons无条件解释 unconditional interpretation无效的法律 void law无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect物权 property西塞罗 Marcus Tullius Cicero习惯法custom law细则 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws 狭义解释 narrow definition下文另有规定者除外 except as hereinafter provided先决条件 precedent condition; prerequisite现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence现行法律 current law; existing law限制解释 restrictive interpretation宪法的解释 interpretation of constitution宪法修正案 constitution amendment宪法学 constitutional jurisprudence相对主义法学 relativist jurisprudence新分析法学 new analytical jurisprudence新律 New Law , Novellae行为规范 code of conduct学说编纂 the Pandekta形式主义法学 formalist jurisprudence亚里士多德 Aristotle严格解释 strict interpretation严重不法行为 aggravated misconduct; gross misbehavior 严重违法 break the law on a serious scale要件 important condition; essential condition一般客体 general object一般权利能力 general legal capacity一般主体 general subject一事不再理的保证 guarantee against double jeorpardy依法办案 handle cases according to law依法独立行使职权 independent exercise of powers within the framework of the law 依照法律的规定 as prescribed by law以法律为准绳 take law as the criterion依法治国 genuine rule of law; running the country according to law义务性规范 obligatory rule义务主体 subject of duty英美法系 Anglo-American Legal System永恒法 eternal law优士丁尼法典 the Codex Justinianus优士丁尼皇帝 Justinian《优士丁尼民法大全》（《国法大全》）Corpus Juris Civilis有法必依 ensure that laws are observed有法律约束力 legally binding有条件解释 conditional interpretation有效期间 time of effect; term of validity与法律规定不符 against the forms of the statute与法律相抵触的行为act going against the law域外效力 extraterritorial effect援引法律条文 invoke a legal provision（古罗马的）元老院 the Senate约束力 binding; binding effect在法律的范围内 within the law暂行条例interim regulations; provisional regulation整体法学 integrative jurisprudence正当权益 justified rights; legitimate interests正式解释 official interpretation正式渊源 formal source政法学院 institute of political science and law知法犯法 deliberately break the law执法必严 ensure that law' enforcement be strict执法人员 law enforcement officials执行权 enforcement power直接故意 actual intent; direct intent直接后果 immediate consequence直接客体 direct object直接主体 direct subject制定法 statute制宪权constituent power治外法权 extraterritoriality; extraterritorial jurisdiction中端时效 interrupt the running of the statute of limitation中国大陆的法律 law of China' mainland中国法制 Chinese legal system中国法制史 Chinese legal history中国特色的社会主义法制 socialist legal system with Chinese character 中华法系 Chinese legal system主要法律体系principal legal system自然法 natural law自然法学派 natural law school组成合议庭开庭审理：form a collegial panel to conduct the trial最高国家权力机关 highest organ of state power最高人民法院的解释 interpretation of supreme people's court遵循先例原则 The Doctrine of Stare作为或不作为 act or omission律师部分的诉讼英语2013-02-25 09:50:20.0 来源：法律教育网【大中小】【我要纠错】案件受理费 court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂 important and complicated case案由 cause of action案子 case包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits被告 defendant（用于民事、行政案件）； the accused （用于刑事案件）被上诉人 appellee被诉人 respondent； defendant本案律师 councel pro hac vice本地律师 local counsel毕业证 diploma； graduation certificate辩护词 defense； pleadings辩护律师 defense lawyer辩护要点 point of defense辩护意见 submission财产租赁 property tenancy裁定书 order； ruling； determination（指终审裁定）裁决书 award（用于仲裁）裁决书 verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据 admitted evidence； established evidence草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests查阅法条 source legal provisions产权转让 conveyancing出差 go on errand； go on a business trip出国深造 further study abroad出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion出示的证据 exhibit出庭 appear in court传票 summons； subpoena答辩状 answer； reply代理词 representation代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记 agency for notarization， trademark， patent，copyright， and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁 agency for arbitration代写文书 drafting of legal instruments待决案件 pending case当事人陈述 statement of the parties第三人 third party吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license调查笔录 investigative record调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence调解 mediation调解书 mediation二审案件 case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件 send e-mail法律顾问 legal consultants法律意见书 legal opinions法律援助 legal aid法律咨询 legal counseling法庭 division； tribunal法学博士学位 LL.D （Doctor of Laws）法学会 law society法学课程 legal courses法学硕士学位 LL.M （Master of Laws）法学系 faculty of law； department of law法学学士学位 LL.B （Bachelor of Laws）J.D （ juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士）法学院 law school法院公告 court announcement反诉状 counterclaim房地产律师 real estate lawyer； real property lawyer 非合伙律师 associate lawyer非诉讼业务 non-litigation practice高级合伙人 senior partner高级律师 senior lawyer各类协议和合同 agreements and contracts公安局 Public Security Bureau公司上市 company listing公诉案件 public-prosecuting case公证书 notarial certificate国办律师事务所 state-run law office国际贸易 international trade国际诉讼 international litigation国内诉讼 domestic litigation合伙律师 partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所 law office in partner-ship； cooperating law ofice 合同审查、草拟、修改 contract review， drafting and revision会见当事人 interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人 interview a criminal suspect兼职律师 part-time lawyer监狱 prison； jail鉴定结论 expert conclusion缴纳会费 membership dues举证责任 burden of proof； onus probandi决定书 decision勘验笔录 record of request看守所 detention house抗诉书 protest控告人 accuser； complainant跨国诉讼 transnational litigation劳动争议 labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会 arbitration committee for labor disputes劳改场 reform-through-labor farm； prison farm利害关系人 interested party； party in interest律管处处长 director of lawyer control department律师 lawyer attorney； attorney at law律师惩戒 lawyer discipline律师法 Lawyer Law律师费 lawyer fee律师函 lawyer's letter律师见证 lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书 lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗 lawyer's docile； file律师刊物 lawyer's journal律师联系电话 contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所 law office； law firm律师收费 billing by lawyer律师网站 lawyer website律师协会 National Bar （Lawyer） Association律师协会会员 member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长 secretary general of Bar （Lawyer） Association律师协会章程 Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室 lawyer's office律师执业证 lawyer license律师助理 assistant lawyer律师资格考试 bar exam； lawyer qualification exam律师资格证 lawyer qualification certificate民事案件 civil case民事调解 civil mediation民事诉讼 civil litigation派出所 local police station； police substation判决 judgement（用于民事、行政案件）；determination（用于终审）；sentence（用于刑事案）；verdict（由陪审团作出）旁证 circumstantial evidence企业章程 articles of association； articles of incorporation； bylaw 企业重组 corporate restructure起诉状 information； indictment取消律师资格 disbar全国律师代表大会 National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判 pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院 People's Court人民检察院 People's Procuratorate认定事实 determine facts上诉案件 case of trial of second instance； appellate case上诉人 appellant上诉状 petition for appeal涉外律师 lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters申请复议 administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会 application for admission to Law Association申请人 petitioner； claimant申诉案件 appeal case申诉人（仲裁） claimant； plaintiff申诉书 appeal for revision， petition for revision实习律师 apprentice lawyer； lawyer in probation period实习律师证 certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据 audio-visual reference material适用法律 apply law to facts受害人 victim书证 documentary evidence司法部 Ministry of Justice司法建议书 judicial advise司法局 Judicial Bureau聘请合同（中英版）2013-02-25 09:35:42.0 来源：法律教育网【大中小】【我要纠错】聘请合同employment agreement_____（聘方）聘请_____（受聘方）为_____（职务）。
法律与法规英语词汇大全
法律与法规英语词汇大全IntroductionIn today's globalized world, knowledge of legal terms and concepts in English has become increasingly important. Whether you are studying law, working in a legal profession, or simply interested in understanding the legal system, having a comprehensive understanding of legal vocabulary is essential. In this article, we will provide you with a comprehensive list of legal terms and their corresponding translations in English. This guide aims to help you navigate through legal documents, communicate effectively in legal contexts, and enhance your overall legal literacy.1. Legal System - 法律制度1.1 Common Law - 普通法1.2 Civil Law - 民法1.3 Statutory Law - 法定法1.4 Criminal Law - 刑法1.5 Administrative Law - 行政法1.6 Constitutional Law - 宪法1.7 International Law - 国际法1.8 Case Law - 判例法1.9 Precedent - 先例1.10 Jurisdiction - 司法管辖权2. Legal Professionals - 法律专业人士2.1 Lawyer - 律师2.2 Attorney - 律师2.3 Judge - 法官2.4 Prosecutor - 检察官2.5 Solicitor - 讼师2.6 Barrister - 大律师2.7 Notary Public - 公证员2.8 Legal Advisor - 法律顾问2.9 Paralegal - 法律助理2.10 Legal Secretary - 法律秘书3. Legal Documents - 法律文件3.1 Contract - 合同3.2 Agreement - 协议3.3 Deed - 契约3.4 Will - 遗嘱3.5 Power of Attorney - 授权书3.6 Affidavit - 宣誓书3.7 Lease - 租约3.8 Complaint - 控告书3.9 Summons - 传票3.10 Pleading - 辩护书4. Legal Proceedings - 法律程序4.1 Trial - 审判4.2 Hearing - 开庭审理4.3 Evidence - 证据4.4 Testimony - 证词4.5 Cross-examination - 盘问4.6 Verdict - 裁决4.7 Judgment - 判决4.8 Appeal - 上诉4.9 Settlement - 和解4.10 Arbitration - 仲裁5. Legal Concepts - 法律概念5.1 Liability - 法律责任5.2 Tort - 侵权行为5.3 Breach of Contract - 违约5.4 Negligence - 过失5.5 Intellectual Property - 知识产权5.6 Copyright - 版权5.7 Trademark - 商标5.8 Patents - 专利5.9 Confidentiality - 保密5.10 Jurisprudence - 法理学ConclusionUnderstanding legal terms and vocabulary is crucial for anyone dealing with legal matters. This comprehensive list of legal terms in English provides a valuable resource for navigating the legal system, communicating effectively, and enhancing your legal literacy. By mastering these terms, you will be better equipped to comprehend legal documents, participate in legal proceedings, and engage in legal discussions.。
21、22《法律法规和标准规范》《专业英语》
二十一.法律法规和标准规范21.1法律●合同法、招投标法、著作权法、政府采购法合同：合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议。
合同法：合同法是一部规范合同的订立、效力、履行、变更和转让、权利义务终止、违约责任的法律。
招投标法：招投标法师规范招投标活动的一部法律，它规范了招标、投标、开标、评标和中标活动。
著作权法：著作权法明确了是么是作品、适用范围、著作权、著作权许可使用和转让合同。
著作权法规范了涉及著作权的出版、表演、录音录像和播放活动。
政府采购法：政府采购法以立法的方式强制规定了有关政府采购的相关活动，该法明确了政府采购当事人、政府采购方式、政府采购程序、政府采购合同、质疑与投诉、监督检查及法律责任。
21.2软件工程的国家标准21.2.1基础标准●软件工程术语GB/T11457-1995：本标准定义软件工程领域中通用的术语。
●信息处理数据流程图、程序流程图、系统流程图、程序网络和系统资源图的文件编辑符号及约定GB1526-1989●信息处理系统计算机系统配置图符号及约定GB/T14085-199321.2.2开发标准●信息技术软件生存周期过程GB/T8566-2001●软件支持环境GB/T15853-1995●软件维护指南GB/T14079-199321.2.3文档标准●软件文档管理指南GB/T16680-1996●计算机软件产品开发文件编制指南GB/T8567-1988●计算机软件需求说明编制指南GB/T9385-198821.2.4管理标准●计算机软件配置管理计划规范GB/T12505-1990●信息技术软件产品评价质量特性及其使用指南GB/T16260-2002●计算机软件质量保证计划规范GB/T12504-1990●计算机软件可靠性和可维护性管理GB/T14394-1993二十二.专业英语22.1具有工程师多要求的英语阅读水平22.2掌握本领域的英语词汇。
(法律法规)法律英语专业词汇
法律英语专业词汇.docWords and Expressions:1. decision：n. an authoritative determination (as a decree or judgment) made after consideration of facts or law 裁决，判决2. precedent：n. a judicial decision that should be followed by a judge when deciding a later similar case 先例（法律法规）法律英语专业词汇。
3. ruling： n. an official or authoritative determination, decree, statement,or interpretation (as by a judge on a question of law) 裁定、裁决4. overrule：vt. to rule against upon review by virt ue of a higher authority推翻5.private law：a branch of law concerned with private persons, property, and relationships 私法6.legislature： n. a body of persons having the authority to make laws for a political unit (as a nation or state) 立法机关7.constitutional law： n. a body of statutory and case law that is based on, concerns, or interprets a constitution 宪法性法律8. statute： n. a law enacted by the legislative branch of a government 制定法，成文法9.assemble： vt. to bring or summon together into a group esp. in a particular place for a particular purpose 编纂10.code： n. a systematic compilation or revision of law or legal principles that is arranged esp. by subject 法典11. case law： n. law established by judicial decisions in cases as distinguished from law created by legislation-called also decision law 判例法12.Supreme Court：n. the highest courts in the judicial branch of the U.S. government that has original jurisdiction over controversies involving ambassadors or other ministers or consuls but whose main activity is as the court of last resort exercising appellate jurisdiction over cases involving federal law 最高法院（法律法规）法律英语专业词汇。
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法律法规专业英语试卷puter systems consist of two very different types of elements:Hardware, which includes all the physical things that can be touched and （） ,which tells the hardware how to do.A．Operating system B．I/O devicesC．Courseware D．Software2.The smallest unit of information in a computer system is called a （） . A．bit B．byte C．block D．file3.When saving a document you must decide on a name for the document and the （） where it will be saved to.A．location B．size C．title D．attribute4.The view menu is used to display the document in one of several view modes. The view mode“（）”makes it easy to look at the structure of a document. A．Normal B．Web Layout C．Outline D．Print Layout5.（） are those programs that help find the information you are trying to locate on the WWW.A. WindowsB. Search EnginesC. Web SitesD. Web Pages6.小张在 M 公司担任程序员，他执行本公司工作任务，独立完成了某应用程序的开发和设计，那么该应用程序的软件著作权应当归属 () 享有。
A.小张B.M公司C.M 公司和小张共同D.购买此应用程序的用户7.张、王、李三个平等的评委独立对三部电影甲、乙、丙进行了评分(三人的满分标准不同)，结果如下表：按合理的平均得分计算，第一、二、三名电影应分别授予() 。
A.丙、甲、乙B.甲、丙、乙C.乙、丙、甲D. 乙、甲、丙8.甲乙两人分别独立地对某个零件的长度进行了多次测量，并对算术平均值进行了4舍5入处理以确保测量结果都是有效数字。
甲测量的统计结果是 63.5mm，乙测量的统计结果是63.50mm。
以下叙述正确的是 () 。
A.两人的测量结果完全一致B.乙测量结果的表达中，小数末尾的0 是多余的，没有必要的C. 甲认为真值应位于 [63.50,63.59] 区间，乙认为真值应位于[63.500,63.509]区间D.乙测量的精度更高9. Messages that are sent electronically over a network.A series of instructions(commands) performed in a sequence specifying actions to accomplish a task.The character code built into most modern personal computers.The minimal unit of information, it can have the value 1 or 0.The brain of a computer, it contains the ALU, the clock, many registers, the bus interface and circuitry that makes these parts work together.(1) A.input B.output C.data D.E-Mail(2) A.menu B.tool C.program D.hardware(3) A.ASCII B.internet C.interface D.Windows(4) A.byte B.bit C.logic D.true(5) A.memory B.CPU C.I/O device D.program10.具有法律属性，不需经各方接受或各方商定同意纳入经济合同中，各方必须执行。
A.推荐性标准B.非强制性标准C.自愿性标准D.强制性标准11.下列选项中不属于我国著作权法所保护的作品是（）。
A. 计算机程序B.计算机保护条例C. 软件开发文挡D. Flash 软件制作的动画12.某学生的积蓄2 月底比1 月底增加了50%，而3 月底比2 月底减少了50%。
那么，与1 月底相比，该学生3 月底的积蓄 () 。
A. 减少了75%B.减少了25%C. 没有变化D. 增加了25%13.国际标准书号由“ISBN”和10 个数字组成，其格式为：ISBN 组号-出版者号-书名号-校验码（如校验码为“10”则用符号“X”代表）。
如果这10 个数字自左至右依次乘以10，9，8，…，2，1，再求和后所得的结果能被11 整除，则说明该书号校验正确。
《信息处理技术员教程》的书号为：ISBN 7-302-11601-校验码，则校验码应是 () 。
A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 714.Document outputs are produced on （） , devices that produce text or images on paper.A. display and keyboardB. mouse and keyboardC. scanners and plottersD. printers and plotters15.software, also called end-user program, includes database programs,word processors, spreadsheets etc.A. ApplicationB. SystemC. CompilerD. Utility16.One of the basic rules of computer security is to change your（）regularly.A. nameB. computerC. passwordD. device17.Data can be () to another part of the spreadsheet. The original data remains.A. copied and pastedB. cut and pastedC. copied and cutD. cut and moved18.Select a cell in the worksheet. The contents of the cell will appear in the （） bar.A. toolB. formulaC. menuD. status19.The Internet is the worlds largest computer （） .workB.deviceC.displayD.disk20.Input data from keyboard are stored in （） for processing.A.modemB.busC.memoryD.printer21.Display units，printers are （） device.A.inputB.outputC.storagemunication22.（）is the foundation on which applications are built.erB.DisplayC.PrinterD.Operation system23.When Word is started it creates a new blank （） .A.documentB.processC.textD.block24.下列选项中，并不构成计算机犯罪的是（）。
A．网上盗取他人银行帐号与密码，并进行存款转存B．在课程练习中使用了来历不明的软件C．在论坛中造谣侮辱他人D．充当黑客，篡改学校网站的数据库25.下列选项中，衡量数据校验人员业务水平的主要指标是（）。
A．输入数据是否及时B．应用系统在管理中发挥的作用及其效益C．发现不正确数据的数量及比例D．系统是否安全26. 在上、下行的轨道上，两列火车相对开来，甲列车的车身长235m，车速为25m/s；乙列车的车身长为215m，车速为20m/s，这两列火车从车头相遇到车尾离开需要的时间为（）。
A．4s B．9.4s C．10s D．10.75s27。
（）refers to the parts of the computer that you can see and touch.A. SoftwareB. HardwareC. HardshipD. Instruction28.The display screen is the most common （） device used to show you what the computer is doing.A. inputB. printingC. outputD. electronic29.The most important program on any computer is （） .A. Office 2000B. VirusC. softwareD. Operating System30. A （） is a device that enables the computer to handle sounds.A. network cardB. video cardC. sound cardD. monitor31（） is a word processing tool that helps you to create quality documents.A. Word 2003B. PowerPoint 2003C. Access 2003D.Excel 200332.某玩具厂5个月内生产熊猫玩具的产量统计表如下（有两格数字模糊）：已知一、二月份的产量相同，则这两个月的产量均是（）。
A. 1076B. 1120C. 1230D. 215233.某公园准备举行一次大型文艺活动。