研究生英语教材课后答案

Unit One An Image or a Mirage
C.
1. D
2.C
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. C
7. C
8.B
9. D 10.B
V. Translation
A.
从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。

他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。

这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。

就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。

我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。

再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。

然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。

我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。

这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。

不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。

他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。

B.
If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “You are what you think you are.” It is imperative for you to have good ima ge of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self — otherwise, the image you strive for will be supported by nothing but a sand foundation. Any athlete will tell you that you must know you’re a winner in order to be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired results can be achieved.
Unit 2 Is Love An Art?
C.
1.C
2.B
3.D
4.A
5.A
6.D
7.B
8.A
9.C 10.C
V. Translation
A.
学习艺术的过程可以很方便地分为两个部分：一是精通理论；二是善于实践。

如果我想学习医学，我必须首先了解人体结构和各种疾病。

当我具有了这些理论知识以后，我并不能胜任医学工作。

只有经过大量的实践，我才能掌握这门学科，直到最终我把所掌握的理论知识和实践收获结合起来，并融合为一体——即成为我的直觉知识，这才是掌握任何一门学科的本质。

然而，除学习理论和实践以外，在任何一门学科上想成为专家还必需有第三个因素——那就是，掌握这门艺术是你最关心的事情，在这个世界上肯定没有比这门学科更为重要
的东西了。

这一点适用于音乐、医学、木工——也适合于爱情。

这也可能正是问题的答案所在：为什么在我们的文化中人们即使已遭遇显而易见的失败，但人们很少去尝试学习爱这门艺术。

虽然人们内心深藏着爱，但他们几乎把所有其他的东西如成功、名誉、金钱、权力都视为比爱更重要，几乎把所有的精力都用来学习如何实现这些目标了，几乎没有人去学习爱这门艺术。

只有那些能赢得金钱和荣誉的东西才值得学习，而爱只是一件我们无权为之浪费许多精力的奢侈品，它只能使心灵获益、而毫无现代意义上的好处可言。

难道果真如此吗？
B.
In timacy, passion, and commitment are the warm, hot, and cold vertices of Sternberg’s love triangle. Alone and in combination they give rise to eight possible kinds of love relationships. The first is nonlove—absence of all three components. This describes the large majority of our personal relationships, which are simply causal interactions.
The second kind of love is liking. “If you just have intimacy”, Sternberg explains, “that’s liking. You can talk to the person, tell about your life. And if that’s all there’s to it, that’s what we mean by liking.” It refers to the feelings experienced in true friendships. Liking includes such feelings as closeness and warmth but not the intense feelings of passion or commitment.
If you just have passion, it’s calle d infatuated love—“love at first sight” that can arise almost instantaneously and dissipate just as quickly. It involves a high degree pf physiological arousal but not intimacy or commitment. It’s the 10th-grader who falls madly in love with the beautiful girl in his biology class but never gets up the courage to talk to her or get to know her.
Empty love is commitment without intimacy or passion, the kind of love sometimes seen in a 30-year-old marriage that has become stagnant. The couple used to be in timated, but they don’t talk to each other any more. They used to be passionate, but that’s died out. All that remains is the commitment to stay with the other person. In societies in which marriage are arranged, Sternberg points out, empty love may precede the other kind of love.
Unit 5 Solve that Problem---with Humor
C.
1.D
2.B
3.B
4.B
5. A
6.D
7.B
8.D
9.C 10.C
A.
在处理我们生活中难以应付的局面时，幽默是一种非常有效的手段，却常常被人们忽视。

它可以用来解决分歧、表示道歉、说“不”、进行批评、让别人根据你的要求做事又不丢面子。

对于某些工作来说，幽默是唯一能获胜的工具。

它是讨论敏感话题的一种办法。

在讨论太敏感的话题时一本正经地对话，可能会引起激烈冲突。

例如，许多人都认为电视喜剧演员，如今为了种族间和宗教间的相互包容所起的作用，比其他任何论坛的人都更大。

幽默通常是防止小误会升级到大问题的最佳方法。

最近，我的一位邻居在妻子开车送他去机场的路上，与她发生了一点口角。

上了飞机后，他感到很痛苦，知道妻子也很难过。

当他妻子两小时后回到家时，接到了一个长途电话。

“受话人’Mrs. I. A. Pologize(夫人，我道歉)’，”接线员拖长声音说道，“名字的拼写为P …。

”一眨眼功夫，电话线两端的人的整个一天由阴转晴。

B.
A sense of humor is universally considered the most valuable asset in a person’s personality. It is born within every person's heart, but it has to be cultivated. A person without a sense of humor is just like a spring without flowers or a dish without seasoning. In a sense, your personality lies in your sense of humor.
Humor can enhance physical as well as mental well being. It helps us relieve pressure, reduce tension, helps us overcome our frustrations, relax our muscles, and dissolve countless trifles and irritations offered by day to day life. With the cracking of a joke, all of our worries, sadness and fatigue disappear like mist and we are full of vigor once again. Besides, humor helps us live in harmony with others. With it you can always stay on good terms with others.
One way to cultivate a sense of humor is to have a wide range of knowledge about many topics so that the slightest differences in meaning of a joke can be fully understood; otherwise we would be simply at a loss in such a situation. Another crucial point in developing a sense of humor is to have a rich imagination. Nothing can be worse than the lack of imagination to kill an otherwise funny joke.
A sense of humor is one of the ways in which we relax and recreate ourselves. The things we find humorous may vary, but to have a sense of humor is very important and should be cultivated to get the most out of life.
Unit 8 The Business World as Hunting Ground
C
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. D 10. B
V. Translation
A.
工作对于男人来说，生死攸关。

通常说来，他踏入社会的最初几年具有决定意义。

任何男人到了25岁如果在人生道路上尚未取得显赫的成就，那无论怎么说，都可被视为无药可救了。

在这个阶段，他的各种能力都正在发展，他与竞争对手的争斗是一种殊死搏斗。

在工作友情的面具下，他密切注视着任何一位同事身上显示出的任何优势，一有优势出现，他就会焦虑不安。

如果他关注的这个同事显示出软弱或优柔寡断的迹象，他会立刻加以利用。

然而，人仅仅是一台巨大工作机器上的一个小零件，实际上他自己处处受剥削。

当他驱使别人时，他首先在驱使自己。

他的命令实际上来自上司，由他传达罢了。

如果上司偶尔花点时间夸奖他，并非是为了让他高兴，只不过是鞭策他而已，激发他更加卖力。

对于从小养成自傲并要人尊敬的男人来说，每一个工作日都不过是一系列无止尽的蒙受耻辱。

他明知产品无用却要表现出热情，明知笑话无聊却要放声大笑，他还要讲述并不属于自己的观点。

他必须时刻牢记：稍有疏忽就意味着降职，稍有口误就会丢了饭碗。

然而女人正是这些争斗的根本原因，并且争斗就在她们眼皮底下进行，而她们却站在一旁，冷眼相看。

对于她们来说，上班意味着调情、约会、挑逗和嬉闹，干点零星的“活儿”也不过是做做样子—工作通常无需她们负责。

她知道自己不过是在混日子，即便出于这样或那样的原因她必须继续工作，至少她已经做过了多年的美梦。

她站在一个安全的地方观望男人们争斗，偶尔为其中一位斗士鼓掌喝彩，或是鼓励他或是奚落他。

在她为男人们冲咖啡、拆邮件或者听他们打电话的时候，她在不露声色地挑选自己的意中人。

一旦发现了“如意郎君”，她就欣然引退，将战场留给后来者。

B.
The first requirement for the acquisition of power by the Positive Woman is to understand the differences between men and women. Your outlook on life, your faith, your behavior, your potential for fulfillment, all are determined by the factors of your original premise. The Positive Woman starts with the assumption that she is capable of doing whatever she wants to (the world is her oyster). She rejoices in the creative capability with her body and the power potential of her mind. She understands that men and women are different, and that those very differences provide
the key to her success as a person and fulfillment as a woman.
The women’s liberationist, on the other hand, is imprisoned by her own negative view of herself and of her place in the world around her. This view of women was most succinctly expressed in an advertisement designed by the principal women’s liberationist organization, the National Organization for Women (NOW), and run in many magazines and newspapers and as spot announcements on many television stations. The advertisement showed a darling curlyheaded girl with the caption: “This healthy, normal baby has a handicap. She was born female.”
Unit 10 The Virtues of Ambition
C
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. A
7. C
8. A
9. B 10. C
V. Translation
A.
如果说抱负是社会的支柱，凝聚了很多各种不同的元素，似乎有点夸张，可是也并不太过分。

如果没有抱负，社会的基本元素似乎就会各分东西。

抱负，与纯粹的欲望的幻想不同，它意味着一个健康的社会决不能缺少的、要达到社会和个人目标所需要的努力和原则。

抱负与家庭密切相关，因为男男女女不仅是为了家庭而工作，而且夫妇双方通常都希望对方胸怀大志，还要为孩子孕育最有抱负的理想。

可是，如今由于随时都节育，再加上通货膨胀——不生孩子的一个很好的经济借口，要想拥有子女本身几乎就是一种抱负。

最后，尽管抱负曾经主要是君主和贵族涉及的领域，可在最近一些时候，抱负日渐蔓延到中产阶级的领域。

从为建设明天这个意义上来说，抱负与未来是密不可分的。

工作、节省、计划，这些抱负的日常内容，一直是新兴的中产阶级的明显标志。

对抱负的攻击并不是偶然地对中产阶级和其所代表的东西的攻击。

不管怎样，中产阶级为美国社会做了很多工作；而且从一开始，中产阶级就一直雄心勃勃。

B.
If you are the kind of person who looks at other people’s lives and wonders about how good their lives are and feel dejected at your own, then you probably need to take things in your own hands and change. A large number of people do the same work day in and day out and are extremely happy with that. But if you find yourself thinking about how your potential is being wasted and somewhere subconsciously desire more action and thrill, then you need to shake yourself into some positive action.
You know that had you been in a different situation, you would have taken things in your own hands and worked towards a more ambitious goal. If all this str ikes a chord with you, then don’t let the inertia of the situation pull you down. Don’t try and provide excuses to yourself and rationalize about why you are not exploiting your potential to the fullest.
If you have fire in your belly and the capability to do something, don’t let your prowess go waste. Stop whining and take charge. It is probably about time that you stopped fooling yourself and realized that the safety of the shore may be damaging yourself more than you actually think it is.。