研究生英语课本
研究生英语听力第一章课本原文
TypescriptChapter 1 Learning to Listen1. Using What You Already KnowExercise 1Student: Excuse me.Counselor: Yes?Student: Do I need to make an appointment to register for an ESL class? Counselor: No, but you first have to take a placement test.Student: A test?Counselor: We need to find out what your ESL level is.Student: Oh, Okay. Where do I go to take the test?Counselor: We will be giving the test tomorrow at 3 o’clock in room 303. Can you come then?Student: Yes.Counselor: Good. Now, let me give you some forms to fill out so we can begin the registration process. Please write your name and address here, and your ID number here.Student: Okay. What do I write under teacher and section? Counselor: You can leave those blank. We’ll fill it in to morrow. Exercise 2Student A: I didn’t really understand what Ms. Smith was saying aboutthe id, the superego and the ego.Student B: Oh, that’s easy. Look here on page 53. The id is the part of our personality that wants instant gratification. The ego tries to help the id get what it wants, but in a logical and practical way. The superego is like the personality’s police force. It monitors the id and the ego.Student A: Oh, I think I’m getting it. You mean the id, ego and superego are all part of our personality?Student B: Right. They are all interacting.Student A: Do you think we’ll need to give definitions?Student B: I don’t know. We may just have to match the names with the definitions. But we’d better study this some more just to be safe.2. Scanning for the Main IdeaExercise：A: I can’t believe it’s closed. I’ve got a class from 7 o’clock to 10 o’clock. What am I going to do?B: Well, there are some food machines in the Student Union. You could always go there.A: No way! I tried that once last semester and I got as sick as a dog. There’s got to be something better.B: Well, we can go down to Main Street. There are a couple of places that I’m sure are open.A: We’d never make it back in time. It’s already 6:40. I think I’ll pass out if I don’t get something. I came here right from work. I didn’t have time to stop by my apartment.B: I think there’s a stand in front of Smith Hall. You can at least get something warm there.A: Well, I guess we don’t have any other choice.B: Yeah, it’s either the cante en or three hours of listening to your stomach growl.3. Scanning for the Important PointsExercise：●Teacher: Good evening class. Before we begin tonight’s lesson. I wantto remind you about next Thursday’s midterm. Remember to review chapters one through eight in the book. You will be responsible for knowing all of the information in the chapters plus all of the other topics we have discussed in class. This test will include multiple choice, True/False, and essay questions. You will not be able to use any books, notes or dictionaries.●Now, last week, I spoke about the importance of using note cards andvisual aids to prepare your speeches. Tonight I’m going to talk about specific things that will help you with your speech delivery. Pleasetake careful notes so you can use those techniques to improve your speech delivery.The first and perhaps the most important element of good speech delivery is eye contact. It is extremely important, especially in the English-speaking world, to make eye contact with your entire audience. This may be very difficult for you if you come from a culture where making direct eye contact is a sign of disrespect. But, you really need to practice this skill until you are comfortable looking directly at all of your audience members when you are speaking to them. Please note that you need to look at the entire audience. Please don’t direct your attention to just one person or one side of the room, and really be sure not to stare into the eyes of anyone for too long of a period.Next, you need to make sure that when you talk to your audience, you are enthusiastic about your topic and excited to share it with your audience. Vitality is a way of maintaining the audience’s attention and indicating to them that you firmly believe in what you are saying.V olume, intonation, facial expressions, and gestures all add to the vitality of your speech. Think abut a speaker you really liked. Did he or she just stand there and read words from a piece of paper? No, of course not. Probably the speaker was full of life and his or her energy forced you into becoming involved in caring about the topic of the speech.4. Inferencing (Making Intelligent Guesses)Exercise:Dr. Stevens: Ted, can I speak to you a minute?Ted: Yes, Doctor Stevens?Dr. Stevens: I finished reading your essay and before I return it to you, I was hoping you might be able to come in and speak with me about it. Ted: Oh, uh, okay, sure.Dr. Stevens: Can you come during my office hours?Ted: I think so. When are they again?Dr. Stevens: Tue sdays and Thursdays from 3 o’clock until 4:30.Ted: That’s no problem. Oh, wait a minute, I have football practice every day from 2 o’clock until 5 o’clock.Dr. Stevens: Hmm. Well, how about if we get together tomorrow right before class?Ted: Sure.5. Scanning for Specific Pieces of InformationExercise:You have reached the Student Union Activity Hotline. The following is a list of information and events for Thursday, September 18.The Student Union is open from 7:00 a.m. until 11:30 p.m. The cafeteria will be serving breakfast from 7 o’clock until 8:30, lunch from 11 o’clockuntil 1 o’clock, and dinner from 5 o’clock until 7 o’clock, The snack bar will be open from 9:00 a.m.—8:00 p.m.Assembly member Carole Berg will be speaking on the topic: “Parity pa y for Women: It’s Still Not Here.” Assembly woman Berg will speak in the Oak Room from 9 o’clock. Admission is free, and a question/answer period will follow.The Student Council will meet in room 27 from noon until 1:30. Elections will be held for all major offices. All students are welcome. The campus folk dance club meets in the Green Room from 2 o’clock until 5 o’clock today. All are welcome to attend; dance experience is not necessary.Bette Milder will be performing live in the Campus Corner Cabaret. The show begins at 8 o’clock. Tickets are available at the Ticket Office. All seats are $7.00.Tonight’s movie, the experimental “Dial Tones,” will be shown in the Union theater at 7:00 and 9:00 p.m. Tickets for both shows are $5.00 and are available at the ticket office.If you have missed anything on this recording, please press the pound key for the message to repeat. Thank you for calling the Student Union.6. Using Context CluesExercise 1A: Let’s exchange phone numbers. That way, if one of us is abs ent, we can call each other for the homework assignments.B: That’s a great idea. My number is 555---A: Wait a second, this pen just died. Let me get another one.B: Here, take my pencilA: Thanks. Okay, what was it?Exercise 21. Sentence: H e’s a real st ickler.A: Who’s your history professor?B: I’m in Dr. Leydorf’s class.A: Oh, How is he?B: The class is interesting and I really like him, but he’s a real stickler. If you’re more than fifteen minutes late, he marks you absent, and you have to hand in every assignment on time or he lowers your grade.A: Ooh! He sounds really tough.2. Sentence: you could have knocked me over with a feather!A: How did you do on your composition?B: Oh, you won’t believe it. I hadn’t worked on it very long and I didn’t have time to check it over. When the teacher returned it to me with an “A” on it, you could have knocked me over with a feather!A: Wow. That’s great. You must be really smart.B: Or else just lucky.3. Sentence: I’ve got to cram for a test.A: Let’s go to a movie tonight.B: Sorry, I’ve got to cram for a test tonight. I haven’t had a chance to study before now.A: Well, how about going to the late show?B: No, I’m going to need a good night’s sleep. I want to make sure that I’m ready for the test.4. Sentence: Let’s get cracking.A: All right. We promised each other we’d get this report done today. Let’s get cracking.B: Aw, it’s such a beautiful day. Can’t we go for a walk and do this later? A: No, we’ll need to return these books to the library by five o’clo ck. We really have to do this now.5. Sentence: Fat chance.A: Gee. It’s already a quarter after ten. Maybe Ms. Hughes is absent today.B: Fat chance. She’s never been absent a day in her life. I was in her class last year and she even came in when she had the flu.A: Well I guess she really loves teaching. Oh, here she comes now.7. Using Structure and Intonation CluesUsing StructureExercise 11. I’m taking Biology 101 this semester.2. I’m going to the Student Union at 7:00.3. We’re discussing parapsy chological phenomena.4. We are you returning to the computer lab?5. We’re meeting with Dr. Stevens at the end of the lesson.Exercise 21.I am transcribing my sociology notes.2.John is defending his dissertation on Tuesday.3.We are forming a study group on the first day of class.4.I’m applying for financial aid to help pay my tuition and expenses.5.Ms. Wilson is correcting our essays over the weekend.Exercise 31.The professor is coming.2.The professor is coming in a little while.3.The Shakespeare Theater Group is performing Romeo and Juliet onthe 17th.4.The Shakespeare Theater Group is performing Romeo and Juliet.5.The campus bookstore is having a big sale on all college sweatshirts.6.The campus bookstore is having a big sale on all college sweatshirtsduring Spring Break.Using Intonation CluesExercise1.I really wanted the new David Sedaris book. The professor in mycontemporary lit class praised it all last semester. The bookstore hasn’t been able to get a single copy for the last month. Oh, well. Maybe I can find a copy on .2.I used the new computer registration system to charge my tuition onmy credit card, and they totally messed it up. They were supposed to charge me $500 for the two art classes, and instead, it says that I’m enrolled in three history classes to the tune of $900. This is ridiculous!3.Today is my graduation day. I am done! Now, I can finally spend myweekends doing something other than cramming for exams and writing term papers. Yippee!4.This schedule is baffling. It says that English 90 is offered at both themidtown and downtown campuses, but the times are vague. Look here;does this nine mean AM or PM? Hmm, I’m stumped.5.Oh yeah. I absolutely recommend professor Ponz. She’s a real dilly, letme tell you. If you enjoy writing endless term papers on meaningless subjects, participating in class activities that have zero relevance to the topic of the course, she’s the teacher for you!。
研究生一年级英语课本翻译
Unit 11.The impact of saying good-bye and actually leaving did not hit me until the day of my departure.1.直到动身的那一天，我才感到告别和真正离家对我所产生的影响。
2.Its strength woke me an hour before my alarm clock would.2. 这是我比闹钟预定的时间提前一小时醒来。
3.The entire day was like that: a powerful awakening of whom and what I would truly miss.3.一整天都是这样：我突然感到自己将会怀念许多人和事。
4. Most importantly, I would be forced to say farewell to the ones who raised me.4.最重要的是，我将被迫与生我养我的人分别。
5. All at once, the glorious hype about becoming independent and free became my sole, scary reality.5.突然间，我那些渴望独立和自由的豪言壮语变成了可怕的事实。
6. I suppose that goes with the territory of enrolling in a university six hours from home.6.我想那可能是因为我要到一所离家又六小时车程的大学去上学的缘故。
7.Upon my decision to do so, in fact, all my personal problems had seemed to fade.7.事实上，在我决定离家的时候，我所有的个人问题仿佛都烟消云散了。
8.No one ever said divorce was easy.8.谁都知道离婚不是件容易的事。
研究生英语读写课本课后练习答案
Unit 1II V ocabulary B1A 2C 3B 4D 5B 6B 7B 8A 9C 10DIII Cloze1even 2 as 3 that 4 won 5 annually 6 by 7 they 8 virtual 9 because 10 simply 11 across 12 still13 exactly 14 concern 15 response 16 access 17 to 18 led 19 between 20 placeIV Translation一种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。
在信息空间，我们将能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度——知识产权制度、服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐私与自由言论制度等。
有些群体允许任何人加入，而有些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人加入。
能够自持的群体会兴旺发展（或许也会因为志趣与身份日趋特殊，而发展成为几个分支）。
有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣，或因为成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来，它们将渐渐萎缩消亡。
Unit 2II V ocabulary B1B 2A 3D 4B 5A 6D 7A 8CIII Cloze1viewed 2 almost 3 even 4 lower 5 means 6 reality 7 become 8 like 9 grow 10 proving 11 status 12 afford 13 faced 14 necessarily 15 disciplined 16 longer 17 own 18 schedule 19 taking 20 until IV Translation一旦问题得到理解，情况自然有所改善。
那些通常因丈夫不倾听或不谈论每天发生的事情而感到被遗弃、感到丧失生活兴趣的女性会高兴地发现，她们的丈夫一旦知道了不起眼的谈话在女性关系中的地位后，正努力地在适应。
如果丈夫不适应，妻子任然能够得到安慰，因为她知道，对男人来说，这不是不亲密的表现。
研究生英语课本
研究生英语课本The content of a graduate English textbook may vary depending on the specific field of study or focus of the program. However, generally speaking, a graduate English textbook would cover advanced language skills, academic writing, critical thinking, and specialized topics in English literature and linguistics.1. Advanced language skills: The textbook would include lessons on advanced grammar structures, vocabulary expansion, and idiomatic expressions. It would focus on enhancing the students' ability to communicate effectively and proficiently in various contexts, such as academic presentations, debates, and discussions.2. Academic writing: This section of the textbook would provide comprehensive guidance on how to write scholarly papers, research proposals, literature reviews, and dissertations. It would include lessons on structuring academic essays, citing sources correctly, and using appropriate academic conventions.3. Critical thinking: A graduate English textbook would aim to develop students' critical thinking skills necessary for analyzing and evaluating scholarly texts. It would include exercises that encourage students to articulate their own thoughts and engage with complex ideas, as well as lessons on logical reasoning and argumentation.4. English literature: The textbook would cover selected works of English literature, such as novels, poems, and plays, chosen to showcase different genres, periods, and authors. It would provide historical and cultural context, literary analysis, and interpretationof these works, as well as discussions on the impact and relevance of literature in contemporary society.5. English linguistics: This section of the textbook would introduce students to key concepts in linguistics, including phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, and sociolinguistics. It would explore how language functions, how it is structured, and how it varies across different social and cultural contexts.In addition to these main components, a graduate English textbook may also include supplementary materials, such as audio recordings, video clips, and online resources, to further enhance students' understanding and skills. It would also provide sample exercises, writing prompts, and self-assessment tasks to allow students to practice and assess their progress.Overall, a graduate English textbook would aim to equip students with advanced language skills, critical thinking abilities, and a comprehensive understanding of English literature and linguistics, preparing them for further academic research, teaching, or professional communication in English-speaking environments.。
高等院校研究生综合英语系列教材 综合教程(上)--最齐全的课后练习答案
大家仔细阅读以下内容，本书是通过数位同学的结晶和心血聚集而成，而非网上的翻译版，阅读版等，是最齐全的所有课后练习题版本，此书对要求寻找课后练习答案的同学没好处，因为本人通过幸苦排版，已经排成最佳“阅读”方式。
例如：完形和完形是在一起，翻译全部在一起，改错也在一起，答案都做了重点强调符号。
大家往下看就会明白。
大家需要此电子文档打印的时候，缩印50%就完全可以看清。
谢谢大家惠顾！敬请期待下册！required forcefully and without resistanceto make sth esp.an action or process easy or easierto emphasize,to focus on somethingthe act of killing sb;punishment by death( congeniality ) 2.the same or a similar nature,common interests(niche ) 3.suitable or fitting position( intellect ) 4.the ability to understand things and to thirk irbeligenbly(commitment ) 5.responsibility,a promise to do sth( temperament ) 6.a person’s nature,esp.as it influences how he she thinks,behaves or acts in general (individuality ) 7.the characters and qunalities which make sb difenent fiom all others(courteous ) 8.polite and kind;showing good manners(accentuate ) 9.emphasize,make more noticeablef \an arrangement in business2,charity c\a society that gives help to the needy3,column a\an article by a particular writer that regularly appears in the newspaper4,foundation h\an organization that provides money quickly, sometimes improperly5,raider g\a person who makes a lot of money quickly,sometimes improperly6,throwaway e\something that is designed to be used only once or for a short time7,violation b\the breaking of an agreement or law8,arraignment d\the answering of a charge before a court9,breed j\a particular type of person with special characteristics or skils10,victim i\someone who has been hurt or killed by someone or something1.2.’sale.3.4.5.by the local police station because of his criminal record.the interview,Mary told the interviewer that she would like to do something interesting but Tom said with8.could not overcome.9.country.10.the fine if you tell us who else was involved.11.12.services.13.,which is popular in the market,may be harmful to children.14.This book is worth buying for it15.corporate way of doing most things and it is much the same wether in Hong Kong or in Shanghai.2,The consultant even suggested that they use devious means to justify their actions.3,He is of American origins but he is now a naturalized Chinese subject with a Chinese name.4,The actress now lives most of the year on her country extate.5,The young woman’s greed for expensive jewelry was well known.6,He was arrested and sentenced to 10 years’imprisonment for committing several crimes.7,We saw a lot of flattering pictures of Wellington in the museum.8,He is a shrewd buyer who gets good value for his money.9,Electronic art is a form of art that uses materials as moving and flashing light displays as the artistic medium.10,The policeman took away his bike because he had violated traffic regulations.spouse.2 They went into a small bar and sat at a coffee table that separated one piece of the sectional lounge from its counterpart.3 In order to have a good beginning of the conference, both sides carefully avoided some touchy subjects on politics.4 The experienced businessman counseled the company not to sign with unknown corporations.5 Sometimes, the subtle relationship among people makes our life complicated.6 A person who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness is defined as therapist.7 The director told the enthusiastic youngsters in the hall that he only needed three prospective candidates for the new play.8 The problem of some kindergarten teachers is that they only pay attention to those adorable kids while they ignore the others.9 Her capabilities were always there; all she needed was an opening to show them.10 She likes her new job very much because she could have three days to gallivant around business streets of the townIt is a place where people should be able to live in dignity and security and harmony, where the great achievements of modern civilization should be available to all.2 The culture argument for preserving wildlife, that is part of our natural heritage, argues itself, except to those who are blind to cultural values.3 With keen insight, convincing facts and a global angle, Epstein vividly recorded a brilliant page of the great Chinese revolution.4 The vegetarian restaurant makes its dishes resemble meat in every way except ingredients.5 People’s appearance makes the difference in how others judge him.6 My university, founded about a century ago, has gained a nationwide reputation for academic excellence.7 It is the accumulated knowledge of centuries which differentiates modern humans from their ancestors in the dawn of civilization.8 I have been ashamed of my refusal to help the desperate man, which might have been the final cause of his death.9 With the development of our national economy, more and more people believe in the market economy.10 They are convinced that they incorporate foreign business model so as to be more competitive in the business world.appreciation for all your hard workwed like to give you a bonus and a promotion.(para.3)2 The governing body,as currently_ constituted includes three staff members(para.3)3 He is quite different at parties-witty,outgoing he really_ sparkles __,but his sister is shy and quite.(para.9)4 His life was carefully compartmentalized ,with his work in one tity and his social life in another.(para.10)5 Lloyd has carved a_niche __for himself as a proifessional terries p;ayer.(para.10)6 As the feeling of panic_ heightened ,peop;e started to fee towartis the exits.(para.12)7 Both ides have reached an agreementthat is _ binding __on all parties.(para.12)8 He was a famous joumalist who wrote articles elegartly and_ articulately.(para.13)9 Bill disliked the man immediately,and the feeling was_ mutual __.(para.13)10 The differences between the two parties seemed especially_ irreconcilable,so it was difficult for them to reach an agreement.(para.14)g.collect 2affuent----o.wealthy 3reversal----a.oppsite4.reversal----b .respond5.disparity----c. difference6.counsel----f.advise7.subtle----k.delicate 8.therapy----l.treatment 9.prospective---d.would-be10.adore----e.idolize 11.bliss----j.happiness 12.loathe----n .hate13.macho ----h.masculinity 14sneer----I. ridicule 15touchy----m.offensiveof humor.pulsoryof their parents.3.leaseA.Many new and tall buildings have big posters on their front windows saying―For Sale‖but the real estate prospects are still quite bleak..A.Because he was driving his car at a speed of over 180 miles an hourroad.the world may make people aware how serious airin the last century have again become a fashion now.of China.6.deficiencya diet in vitamin D.C.The demerits of the present educational system are revealed by colledgeexperience.7.extractA.There is no need to read the whole novel.Sometimes people may benefit a lot from reading just a few extracts.Germany to join the air force officers in the search for answers to the mysterythatB.9.spareprospered at its new location a year later owing to their joint efforts and hard work.(C) succeeded2.Having taken the medicine, he went to bed and soon feel into a profound sleep. (D) D. sound3.If l’ve hurt your feelings, it was not intended. (B) B. planned.4.How can you justify your rude behaviour towards your parents who love you so much? (A) A. defend asblameless5.He withheld the money until he was sure they would use it properly. (C) C. kept6.The witness gave a factual account of what had happened in the court. (C) C. true7.She had a pathetic look on her face because he left without saying good-bye to her. (D) D. sorrowful8.Even in modern society, barter(物物交换) transactions account for a certain amount of trade. (D) D. dealings9.They omitted from the report any mention of the programme’s difficulties. (D) D. canceled10.The young generation holds different views about family values and they show great disrespect to their parents. (B)B. rudenessaccessible to every kind of citizen form the most deperate of the poor to the wealthiest and most powerful among us.A agreeable C influential D managealedecline of scores on scholastic achievement tests for the rise in crime and for theA rejection D Shrinkagefoestering conditions in cities that will be favorable to economic growth. AB meaningfulC capableD creativeinnvative. DA generativeB meaningfulC capablebecause they allow for the development of skills and simplifyD efficiency of a machineupheavalA depression Bcollapseprestige. AB significanceC distinctionD eminenceresent being asked to discuss their personal feelings. AB declineC rejectD avoid：the Universe is a Universe of law, and God is not confusing us with deliberte paradoxes. DA complicationsB commissionsC confrontationsthem when they came and registered inC protectedD usheredA.emitted C.smiledB.shone D.shotA 2 Joyce is loved by all her friends because she is very congenial.A.pleasant C.courageousB.wealthy D.sensitiveD 3 We dressed in casual clothes for the outing.A.expensive C.fineB.plain rmalB 4 When two people feel the same way about each other,their feelings are mutual.patible C.visibleB.reciprocal D.typicalA 5 We’ve made tentative plans for a holiday but haven’t decided anything yet.A.temporary C.purposelyB.detailed D.refreshingC 6 Our sales campaign will be intensified to meet the keen competition.A.moderated C.strengthenedB.satisfied anizedC 7 We all appreciate a holiday after a year of hard work.A.exepect C.enjoyB.loathe D.sunspendB 8 Without a moment’s hesitation he accepted the mission.A.offer C.promotionB.assignment D.invitationD 9 The result surpassed the highest anticipations of the promoters of the scheme.A.eagemess C.excitementsB.hesitations D.expectationsB 10 It was inevitable that the smaller company should merge with the large one.A.urgent C.importantB.unavoidable D.necessary1.The first English immigrants that is (A) now the United States crossed (B) the Atlantic long after (C)Spanish colonieshad been established(D) in Mexico, the West Indies and south America. (A) what is2.We’d rather have long waits than (A) no shifting of the scenes, and (B) all the actors on (C) the stage doing (D) nothing.(A) than have3.The teacher said that if (A) we believed something was (B) true and good we should (C) hold on to them (D). (D)it4.The text and dialogues below (A) focus on (B) cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies which (C)can create misunderstanding if ignoring (D). (D) ignored5.When sailors are not supposed (A) to be at (B)work on the ship, they go to (C)ashore and look around (D) town.(C) go6.Abraham Lincoln once spoke of (A)democracy by (B)saying that (C)he would not be a slave and nor he would be (D)a master. (D) would he be7.I didn’t mind their coming (A)late to (B) the lecture, but objected (C) their making so much (D) noise. (C)objected to8.It’s true that the old road is less direct and a bit (A)longer; we won’t (B) take the new one, therefore (C), because wedon’t feel as safe (D) on it. (C) though9.Don’t make the examiner spend (A) too much (B) time trying (C)to get you say something (D). (D) to saysomething10.On (A)seeing the young girl falling (B) into the lake, Eric sprang on his feet (C) and went to (D)her rescue. (C)to his feetcan predict that(A) the consequences of urban growth on(B) such a scale will be (C) for (D) the people living there or elsewhereAthat改为what2 Human beings are paying a lot for medicine and are not getting all that (A) they think they are (B) paying(C) a guarantee to (D) endless bettermentC playing后面加上for3 Despite (A) his low opinion of(B) professors –or perhaps in (C) an effort to improve the breed –Smith himself eventually became it(D)D it改为one4 With（A）the word scientist we mean one who is equipped to (B)spend a life tme for(D)the advancement of scinece to the best(D) of one’s abillityA with改为By5 Any culture ,which,in the interests (A) of efficiency or in the name of (B)some political or religious dogma,that seek (C) to standardize the human individual ,commits an outrage against (D) man’s biological natureC that seek改为seeks6 The stroke left(A) him with serious difficulties (B) in speaking and with an impairing (C) memory for(D)C impairing改为impaired7 As for (A) the last point ,it is perhaps not generally realized how dfficult is it (B) to make verbally (C) accurate translations(D) of extremely techinical materialB it is 改为is it8 This has caused(A) them to deduce that scineces is mathematics(B) and hardly nothing(C) else(D)C nothing改为anything9 It is (A) no doubt that (B) China has benefited from(C) her population policy (D)A it is改为There is10 The university ,faced with tightening (A) budgets and declining enrollments ,is (B) casting about(C) for new ways to support and enlarge their(D) research activitiesD their改为itsstudy of oceanic plants and animals and their ecological relations, has furthered the efficient development of fishers.2, In spite of his aged appearance, his movements were as spirited as a young man’s.3 Since I loved her very much when she was alive, I prize my mother-in-law’s picture and I wouldn’t sell it for all the money in the world.4 Human beings are social animals who usually prefer not to live in physical or psychological isolation.5 People who lose weight with the help of behavioral techniques, like weighing themselves regularly and keeping records of what they eat, seem to need the same techniques to keep the weight off.6 The current anti-procreative atmosphere may be interpreted as a triumph of private over social interests or, more, a triumph of rational man over natural man of the facilities of planning, reason, and choice over emotion, heredity, and instinct.7 They cannot go camping right now because they are taking care of a three-week-old baby.8 The field of dynamics in physics is concerned with a particle’s motion in relation to the forces acting on it.9 The suggestion that taxes be cut was not accepted by the mayor who foresaw a deficit that was not yet public known.I think I would have enjoyed the movie we went to last night even more if I had read the book before seeing it.that(D)knowledge or skill. C. how little it might be2 Every paper and magazine were(A)lying in wait(B)with(C)exhaustive stones about the royal split(D)between the prince and princess of Wales. A. was3 In debating,one musr correct the opponents’s facts,demy the relevance of his proof,or(A)deny that(B)what(C)he presents as proof,unless(D)relevant,is sunfficent. D. however4 The reason why james Bond movies are（A）so popular is(B)because(C)they combine the appeal of traditional spy(D)stories with the appeal of technological devices. C. that5 So(A)effective these techniqunes are(B)that(C)considerable experimentation is now being done(D)in teaching by means od television. B. are these techniques6 A knowledge of several languages is essential to(A)the study of comparative literature because without(B)them(C)one can read books only in(D)translation C. it7 This time Williams had to(A)stay a week longer than is expected(B)but had brought(C)his family some special gifts to make up for it(D). B. expected8 A Brazilian linguistics professor claims(A)that language learners’rights(B)are ignored in language teaching,and that(C)no approach can be truly“hunmanistic”when(D)these rights are recognized. D. until9 It is our deckine since then(A)in relation to our Europenan partners that has been so marked,in order that(B)today we are not only no longer(C)a world power,but we are not in the first rank even as(D) a European one. B. so that10 Aside with(A)overcrowding and poor public transport(B),the biggest(C)problems that(D)face Athenians are noise and pollution.. A. Aside fromuntil they can afford it financially.2 I would advise you not to press the matter too hard or become convinced that money does not matter.3 In these days, with the rising cost of living, it is dangerous for a married man to risk his place in his profession or in his community.4 He argues that he would not want his children to have to suffer hardship or not be socially acceptable because of lack of money.5 By the time people reach the sixties and are faced with（删除）retirement, the value of money as a source of security might reach its peak.6 Accordingly, this may be chief reason why some people wish to get rich as the actual goods or possessions play a secondary part to the（删除）envy or admiration that this wealth brings them.7 When a person lives on inherited income, whether it supplements what he earns, or frees him from working, he in judged as coming from a successful family.8 Man requires accurate mathematical information but may find it difficult to express numbers in a way he can understand.9 The trouble is that with everything becoming qualified, from micro up to macro, the world is becoming overburdened with numbers that defy man’s own ability to comprehend, even when they are about his own body.10 In Latin America, for example, studies indicate that women, who have completed primary school average, have about two children fewer than those who have not.make alternative arrangements to get to the airport.2.No one in this department has ever accused the governor of taking advantage of his position ;he is hard-working and considerate.3.The pet dog died when it was fifteen,not of old age,but of a head injury when it fell down a flight of stairs.4.Casualties are said to be very high and in some villages,where older and less substantial buildings predominate,it is said that not a house remains standing.5.It was an accepted custom in western countries for men to open the door for women and always to let ladies go first on social occasions.6.Early industrial people used three times as much energy as their agricultural ancestors;modern people are using three times as much as their industrial ancestors.7.Geothermal sources, though in a sense free ,in order to be maintained, would end up using more energy than they produced.8.Ever since the invenetion of the tow-day weekend,where-to-go-for-the-holiday has been live topic for people in this city.9.When we speak of leisure nowadays,we are not thinking of securing time or opportunity to do something;time weighs less heavily on our hands.and the problem is how to fill it.10.There is absolutely no reason for saying that there are no regularities in Nature with which our statements of natural law correspond.known the snowstorm would be(B) so treacherous,the hikers did not venture (C)into it(D)without proper equipment.C. would not have ventured2.His mood has swung (A) from a deep depression (B)to something(C) approaching(D)optimism.B. deep depression3.People seem to (A)respond on (B) an individual basis depended upon (C) how much hassle (D) each life eventcreates for a particular person.C. depending upon4.These are some of the key issues (A)about bringing up and educating(B)girls discussing (C)in ProfessorSimps on’s talks and confidence-building(D)workshop for women.C. discussed5.On each (A) side of the highway was (B) hundreds of billboards advertising (C)in Professor Simpson’s talks andconfidence-building(D) workshop for women.B. were6.Were it (A) not for the developments in steel production ,the railroad system had not developed (B) to open up (C)the west of the United States and to industrialize (D) England.B. would not have developed7.He had turned down (A) something he wanted to do because he was scared (B), and had ended up (C) f eelingdepressive(D).D. feeling depressed8.If (A) the highly honored Duke Ellington, who had appeared on (B) the bandstand some 1,000 times over 30 years,has anxiety attacks (C) who was l to think (D) l could avoid them?C. had anxiety attacks9.Brush strokes are not only (A) used for (B) making contour and structure, they are symbols of (C) sentiments andemotions of the painter for himself(D).D. himself10.Economists have tried to discourage(A)the use of the phrase ―undeveloped nation‖ and encouraging (B) themore (C)accurate phrase ―developing nation‖ in order to suggest an on-going (D) process.B. to encourageas happy families value pleasures that involve personal effort, so they value possessions that have personal meaning, like Grandma’s wedding ring.2：If so pervasive a medium has come into our society in the last four decades, and if our society has changed in drastic ways in that same time, why not assume that TV is the reason why American life looks so different?3：Consider the frequently heard charge that the increase in television violence is somehow responsible for the surge in crime.4：American fire departments have to be the world’s best –equipped as America has twice Japan’s population, and 40 times as many fires.5：To meet the expanding needs and demands of the visually impaired person, there is a sequence of instructions that begins during the preschool years and may continue after high school.6：Vincent Van Gogh killed himself when he was only 37, but he left behind him more than 2,000 paintings and drawings, which established his reputation in a way he would have never considered possible.7：The chairman of the department, together with some other teachers, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.8：A great book (in删除) rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading to（加of）which you are capable.9：Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility and decomposes animal remains.10：If only I had read the books on the reading list before I attended the lecture.The identical twins have adjoining rooms because they are inseparable from each other.2.His friends slapped him on the back when he said he was getting married.3.He took her by the shoulders,but she took an alarmingly long time to open her eyes.4.She suffered burnout after doing her last exam.5.She’s an excellent student-bright,attentive and conscientious.6.All the survivors of the disaster needed counseling,and the worst affected received psychotherapy.7.About 100 years ago,two American researchers theorized that tooth decay was caused by a microbe.8.His behavior is that of a manic depressive.9.She sang an emotional song about love and death.10.Life was pure misery last month;the children were ill and l had little money.s wife did not really stick by him when business fell apart and he became penniless.2,After his graduation from Shanghai Conservatory of Music,he went to Guangzhou to try his luck at a musical career. 3,These were creatures thriwn up,so to speak,from the depths.4,It’s unlikely that the forthcoming talks will amount to very much.5,If you don’t know what you want,you might end up getting something you don’t want.6,I asked him how he was and how his project was working out.7,The strange noise turned out to be just the dog scratching at the door.8,He left his hometown to seek his fortune in big cities when he was only fifteen in spite of his parents’objection.9,Buying a stretch limousine costs big bucks and only a few people can afford one10,Not many people could have their income increased beyond their dreams.1 In order to prevent corruption, the top leaders of government are required to announce their income in public.2 Some educators think that laying too much emphasis on classroom discipline is holding back the students’ enthusiasm in study.3 With the encouragement of their teacher, most students now take comfort in speaking English with each other in class.4 People are expecting to have a robot servant at home, that is, the orders are programmed in computers and then everything will be done by it.5 We had planned a picnic for the weekend but it rained all day, so we decided to make up for it on the coming weekend.6 The projector will not work unless it is connected with that machine.7 Aside from taking twenty credits for the compulsory courses, you have to take at least twelve credits of elective courses to earn a degree.8 She is quite comfortable with her new job because she loves to talk with people.the Silent Generation?7 They training as a way to learn a new skill or behaviour that makes them more marketableThere are women with1. whom, if our paths weren’s 2. crossing all the time,we’d have no particular reason to be friends: a next-door3. neighbor, a woman in our car pool, the4. mother of one of our children’s closest friends or 5. maybe some mommy with whom we serve juice and cookies each week at the Glenwood Co-op Nursery.Convenience friends are convenient 6. indeed. They’ll lend us their cups and silverware 7. for a party.They’ll drive our kids to soccer 8. when we’re sick.They’ll take us to pick up our car when we need a 9. lift to the garage. They’ll even take our cats when we go on vacation, 10. as we will for them.But we don’t , with convenience friends, ever11. come too close or tell too much;we maintain our 12. public face and emotional distance. ―13. which means,‖says Elaine, ―that I’ll talk about14. being overweight but not about being 15. depressed.That means I’ll admit being mad but not 16. blind with rage. That means that I might say that we’re pitched this month but 17. never that I’m worried sick 18. over money.‖But that doesn’t mean that there isn’t19. sufficient value to be found in these friendships of 20. mutual aid, in convenienceViewers in Shanghai now have more than ten channels at their disposal.2.The British Army was in the throes of reorganization after War ll.3.We went to a restaurant that specializes in ltalian food during our stay in London.4.Chronic in digestion comes in a number of forms,one of which is stomachache.5.She had a talent for music and played the piano very well.6.These community services are likely to be available to all of us before long.7.Having the car stolen completely screwed up our holiday plans.8.Climate is especially important in the case of articles that are readily affected by moisture.9.She was absent today because she’s had a touch of hay fever.10.When we visited the Tower of London we had to wait outside because only a certain number of people were allowed inPsychiatnic treatment of the family__ centered on ___separating the children from their parents.2When my parents went back to ___their childhood,they began to discuss or consider some events that had happened at that time.3He__ drew on ___his experience as a joumalist to make a documentary programme.4Taking into account ____all the circumstances,he thought it wise not to say anything further.5The other members of the Council were expected to fall into step ___with the chairperson.6When at last she lost her voice,he__ took up ___the reading aloud of the story.7He got really jealous when his girlfriend___ strikes up __a fniendship with another young man.8The film__ is based on ___a short story by Thomas Mann.9Do you know when Parliament first__ came into being ___?10She has__ served on ___the committee for the last fifteen years.11“Sorry,l got interrupted”.。
研究生公共英语(下)课本翻译
Unit 1: Science vs. the Humanities科学是一门知识，是解决工业、农业、战争和医疗方面技术问题的非常有用的工具。
要了解科学在于解决个人和国家面临的物质和精神方面可以达到什么广度和深度，就必须了解科学的真实含义是什么。
科学一词来自拉丁语Scire，它的意思是“知道”。
所以，从广义上讲，科学不过是指我们所知道的事情，是人类知识的总和。
但是，把科学定义为人类的全部知识是不切实际的，因为很明显，有各种不同门类的知识。
这些知识根据其获得的方法以及它所适合的经验范围而有所不同。
我们所了解的有关艺术、文学、法律、宗教和专门技术知识等都不同程度地分属于各种独立的知识财富，与我们通常所说的科学没有什么联系。
Science is a kind of knowledge which is a very useful tool in solving the technical problems of industry, agriculture, warfare, and medicine. To understand the width and depth to which science can be applied to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations requires an understanding of what science really is.The word science comes to us from a Latin word, Scire, which means “to know”. Then, in a broad sense, science is simply what we know, the total of all human knowledge. But the definition of science as all human knowledge would not be a workable one, for it is obvious that there are different types of knowledge. The kinds differ according to how the knowledge was obtained, and also according to what frame of experience it fits. What we know of the arts, literature, law, religion, and technical know-how, are more or less separate funds of knowledge. They have little to do with what we commonly call science.Unit5: The Science of Custom对人类学家来说，文化的涵义远胜于修养、品味、温文尔雅、教育以及美术欣赏等。
Unit.2 Grad Reading Book 1(辽宁大学研究生英语课本)
Reference NotesUnit 2 Art of the TableReading FocusCulinary Delights in ChinaTopic-related InformationChinese cuisineChinese cuisine originated from various regions of China and has become widespread in many other parts of the world. Regional cultural differences vary greatly within China, givmg rise to different styles of food across the nation. Traditionally there are eight major major reglonal cuisines, or Eight Cuisines (八大菜系) coming from Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces. Sometimes four of the Eight Cuisines are given greater emphasis, and are considered to be the dominant culinary heritage of China. They are notably defined along geographical lines: Sichuan (Western China), Guangdong (Southern China), Shandong (Northern China), as well as Huaiyang Cuisine (Eastern China), a major style derived from Jiangsu cuisine and even viewed as the representation of that region's cooking.In modem times, Beijing cuisine and Shanghai cuisine on occasion are also cited along with the classical eight regional styles as the Ten Cuisines (十大菜系).French cuismeFrencn cmsme is a style of cooking derived from the nation of France. It evolved from centuries of social and political change. Ingredients and dishes vary by regmn, Cheese and wine are the major parts of the cuisine, playing different roles regionally and natmnally Frenc cmsme is renowned forr its refined cookng and fresh ingredients.About the textIn this passage, the author uses expository method to explain what culinary delights in China are. The passage is divided into three parts which are subtitled, namely, Regional Chinese Cuisines, Every Dish Has a Story, and Warmth and Hospitality Expressed by Food. The three parts, though independent from each other, work together to serve the topic of Culinary Delights in China. In each part, the authoruses vivid details to support the main idea.The author uses very specific and vivid words, interesting stories as well as a touch of humor when trying to represent the culinary delights. On the whole, the passage provides us acheerful and witty reading.参考译文中餐被公认为全球最佳美食之一，其种类之丰富，工艺之繁复，使其理所当然地成为游客大快朵颐的乐事之一。
天津外国语学院硕士研究生入学考试参考书目教学教材
1.大学日语专业教材新版
2.国际日语能力测试1级
日语语言学理论与实践
1.《日本语言》徐一平编著高等教育出版社
2.《日本語概説》加藤彰彦等编桜楓社
日本文学
1.《日本文学史》不限版本
2.《日本古典文学作品选读》不限版本
日语教育
1.《外语教学法》不限版本
2.《日本語教育事典》日本語教育学会編 大修館
作者：Karl-Heinz Wüst出版社：外语教学与研究出版社
3.《文学与认识》，作者：王炳钧，出版社：外语教学与研究出版社
基础西班牙语
1.《现代西班牙语》第二、三、四、五册，董燕生外研社
2.《新编西班牙语阅读课本》第一、二、三、四册李多外研社2000
西班牙语翻译理论
与实践
1.《西汉翻译教程》孙家孟等上海外教社1988.5.
日语同声传译
1.《新编汉日翻译教程》高宁上海外语教育出版社社
2.《新编日译汉教程》（新版）陈岩大连理工大学出版社
3.《新编汉日日汉同声传译教程》宋协毅外语教学与研究出版社
汉语
1.《中国文学史》（古代部分、凡高校使用的教材均可参考）
2 .《古汉语通论》郑铁生编写?天津市“十一五”规划教材2004年10月河北教育出版社（第4 - 8章）
3.《德语高级写作》Ralf Glitza外语教学与研究出版社2005
德语教学法
1.Storch, Geunther,2001:Deutsch als Fremdsprache – Eine Didaktik. Fink
德语文学
1.《德国文学史》，作者：余匡复，出版社：上海外语教育出版社
2.《德国文学简史》Geschichte der deutschen Literatur
《21世纪研究生英语教材》课本翻译
1. 购物新大陆1 在冰岛你如何说“维多利亚秘密”？随着美元在全球范围内与其他货币兑换率不断创低， 美国正成为世界的折扣店。
2 今年假日旺季，带给零售商一个意外收获：行李箱。
3 趁美元贬值之机飘洋过海而来的血拼客，不得不买一个更大的行李箱来装战利品。
纽约时代华纳购物中心的Tumi店称主要得益于附近酒店的海外游客，销售收入较去年同期上涨三成。
在FAO Schwarz店，顾客甚至在柜台旁买大帆布包用来购物。
4 几年来，美国一直为涓涓细流般的购物观光客而苦恼。
现在，伴随着美元的新低----假日旺季的全面促销----涓涓细流变成了购物狂潮。
5 客如潮涌，一些零售商因此为外国游客铺上了红地毯。
加州Costa Mesa的南岸广场在中央的店铺指引中印上中文，为中国游客提供便利。
本月早些时候，在底特律拥有四家购物中心的Taubman Centers 开通了穿越国境的“六小时疯狂购物”之旅，满载美酒和店家折扣券的豪华轿车运送着购物者来往于加拿大。
6 海外购物客在大肆采购的同时，也秀出有别于美国消费者的独特消费习性。
例如，第五大街Saks店表示，欧洲客钟情于UGG的靴子（大约2004年流行于美国）。
而更多的亚洲客人喜欢诸如LV、Gucci等奢华商品，但同时也会关顾按摩和维生素保健品。
7 Josefina和Carolina搭乘冰岛航空从斯德哥尔摩飞到纽约，开始购物之旅。
这对介乎21-25岁间的年轻情侣流连于“维多利亚秘店”前。
“我们来这里买化妆品和香水，”Carolina说道，而她拖着的硕大行李箱里，已经塞进了八双鞋子（她已经把包装盒都扔了）。
维多利亚内衣商尽管在瑞典没有开出门店，但仍每年飞往瑞典做秀。
Carolina又说：“这里的香波也很便宜。
”8 11月美元兑欧元创出新低，1欧元兑换1.48美元以上。
对于英国人来说，1英镑现在差不多可以换到2美元。
加上机票的廉价，欧洲游客说，他们在买衣服和礼物上省下的钱足以弥补旅游开销了。
Unit.1 Grad Reading Book 1(辽宁大学研究生英语课本)
Reference NotesUnit 1 Planning Your Future CareerReading FocusTraits of the Key PlayersInformation Notes1. Abridged from the Tooling Up column series, this passage is of report style targeting at readers working in the academia or graduate students planning to find a suitable job in the industry setting. It is meant to facilitate readers with up-to-date information concerning the requirements of industry. Being both a chemist and a column writer, the author impresses readers with his objectiveness and conciseness in the presentation. Quotations from life experiences of real people who have been familiar with either academia or industry or both are used at full length so as to make every trait he puts forward more reliable. The use of many long sentences such as relative clauses, adverbial clauses not only creates the effectof considered reasoning, but also contributes to the well-knit organization. Because of the strength in those aspects mentioned above, the passage is especially valuable to those who are confronted with the task of career planning.2. Reference phone calls Usually the contact information of the reference such as name, address, telephone number is provided by yourself, the job applicant.3. The acronym AAAS is the abbreviation for the American Association for the Advancement of Science (美国科学促进协会，set up in Boston in 1848, Science is its main magazine, the headquarters is in Washington), the world's largest nonprofit membership association for science-related professionals. Produced by AAAS, is the most comprehensive source of science-related employment opportunities, funding announcements, and career develop- ment articles on the Intemet. Scientists and engineers in academia, industry, and government come to sciencecareers. org to find jobs and then return again and again to gain skills they need to land jobs and build their careers.4. The $cienceCareers Forum is a professional, industrial, academic, and postdoctoralforum coveting topics related to employment and career development in scientific and engineering careers, as well as alternative career choices for scientists and engineers.5. Formerly known as Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company until 2002, 3M is an American multinational conglomerate corporation with a worldwide presence. With over 75,000 employees they produce thousands of products, including adhesives (粘胶) , abrasives (研磨材料), laminates (薄膜), passive fire protection, dental products, electrical materials, electronic circuits and optical films. 3M has operations in more than 60 countries--29 international companies with manufacturing operations, and 35 with laboratories.6. A job description is a list of general tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position. Typically, it also includes to whom the position reports, specifications such as the qualifications required for the person in the job, salary range for the position, etc.7. A skill set is not a qualification. The Training Package Development Handbook defines "a skill set" as "a single unit of competency, or a combination of units of competency from an endorsed training package, which links to a license or regulatory requirement, or defined industry need".8. deCODE Genetics is a biopharmaceutical company, headquartered in Reykjavik, Iceland. deCODE is a global leader in gene discovery. It also applies its discoveries in human genetics to the development of drugs and diagnoses for common diseases.参考译文核心员工的特征大卫·G．詹森1 核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
新潮研究生英语读写教程课文翻译
新潮研究生英语读写教程课文翻译《新潮研究生英语读写教程》是一本为研究生学生设计的英语教材，旨在提高他们的英语读写能力。
以下是课本中的一篇课文及其翻译，内容丰富，并附有一些用法和中英文对照的例句。
原文：Title: The Importance of Critical ThinkingCritical thinking is an essential skill for graduate students. It involves analyzing and evaluating information, ideas, and arguments in a logical and systematic way. By developing critical thinking skills, students can enhance their ability to solve problems, make informed decisions, and communicate effectively.One of the key aspects of critical thinking is the ability to assess the credibility and reliability of sources. With the abundance of information available in today's digital age, it is crucial for students to be able to distinguish between reliable and unreliable sources. Critical thinking enables students to question the validity of information and seek evidence to support their claims.Moreover, critical thinking helps students to develop a deeperunderstanding of complex concepts and theories. Rather than accepting information at face value, critical thinkers engage in active learning, asking probing questions and seeking alternative perspectives. This enables them to form well-rounded opinions and make informed judgments.Critical thinking also fosters creativity and innovation. By challenging established norms and conventions, critical thinkers can generate new ideas and solutions. They are open to different possibilities and are willing to take risks in order to explore new avenues.In conclusion, critical thinking is a vital skill for graduate students as it empowers them to evaluate information, think independently, and make informed decisions. It is a skill that can be developed and honed through practice and reflection.翻译：标题：批判性思维的重要性对于研究生学生来说，批判性思维是一项必不可少的技能。
硕士研究生综合英语教程课文全文翻译9-13
课本全文Unit 9 Ambition雄心壮志上大学的时候，我的朋友贝思非常雄心勃勃。
她不仅为自己、也为她的朋友们设定远大的志向。
她对国际关系、旅游和读法学院都感兴趣。
她常常煞有介事地说：“我打算有朝一日当上国务卿。
”我俩有位共同的朋友是学文学的，准备读研究生，贝思认定他将成为耶鲁大学英文系主任。
另一位朋友对政治新闻工作感兴趣，被认定将来有一天会成为《时代》杂志的编辑。
我的专业是生物学，这就麻烦了，因为贝思有个从童年时起就最要好的朋友也是学生物的，而且贝思早已决定了她将获得诺贝尔奖。
幸好我对写小说的兴趣解决了这个问题，即我获得诺贝尔文学奖，而她的那位朋友则获得诺贝尔科学奖。
这只是一个玩笑；我们当时都是些自命不凡的一年级大学生，自以为只要我们要，整个世界就会是我们的。
但这又不完全是玩笑。
我们都是聪明的一年级大学生，有什么理由不让自己尽情梦想呢？我一向喜欢有雄心壮志的人，而且我的许多最亲密的朋友都抱有远大的理想。
我喜欢这种人，不是因为我极度渴望成为未来国务卿的好朋友，而是因为我觉得有雄心壮志的人令人愉快，与他们谈话很有趣，看着他们也很开心。
当然，我喜欢他们还因为我自己也有远大的抱负，而且我不会为此而感到愧悔。
“抱负”这个词一直以来都名声不好。
早在17世纪的时候，Spinoza认为，抱负与欲望一样，“虽然不是病，但都是疯狂的一种表现。
”特别是有抱负的女性，通常不讨人喜欢。
抱负一旦与“职业女性”联系起来，那必是一个残酷无情、铁石心肠、牺牲朋友利益以达到成功巅峰的形象。
到了十七世纪后期和十八世纪，“抱负”就变成很多人所追求的了，以至于《如何走向成功》这类书都成了畅销书。
虽然“抱负”依然被看作是败坏的品质，但是坏品质也不错啊，因为它们可以帮你谋求自身的利益。
我所说的雄心是指尽情的梦想，无尽的期盼和希望。
我并不太喜欢非常明确、可以实现的志向，像《如何走向成功》的作者在职业策略课程中教人们所树立的那种志向。
我喜欢宏大的理想，因为它让我们感到：只要我们足够坚定勤奋，外加一点好运，世界可能会在某一时刻向我们敞开大门。
研究生英语综合课本1-3课翻译translation Unit1-3
Unit One[1] 你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗？你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗? 当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。
Do you see the glass as half-full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut ,not upon the hole? Suddenly these cliches are scientific questions ,as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking.[2] 迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104 个研究项目，涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。
与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败，它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。
休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。
”[3] “你的能力固然重要,”匹兹堡卡内基–梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说，“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。
”在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。
[4] 以你的工作为例。
宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都会人寿保险公司的推销员进行了调查。
他们发现，在工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37% 的保险额。
在新雇用的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20%。
[5] 公司受到了触动，便雇用了100 名虽未通过标准化行业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。
这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出一般的推销员10%。
新时代研究生综合英语课本的1单元到9单元课文的翻译
Achilles heel
• [C usually singular] a small fault or weakness in a person or system that can result in its failure • －A misbehaving minister is regarded as a government's Achilles heel and is expected to resign. • An Achilles’s heel is a fatal weakness in spite of overall strength, actually or potentially leading to downfall. While the mythological origin refers to a physical vulnerability, metaphorical references to other attributes or qualities that can lead to their downfall are common.
workers‘ compensation
• Workers' Compensation: the government-regulated insurance plan providing for set monetary payments to employees who are injured or disabled in connection with their jobs. • It insures employees against on-the-job injury without the employee having to prove that the employer was liable for the injuries.
研究生英语听力第3章课本原文
Chapter 3Part Two Main DialogueExercise 1 Scanning for the Main IdeaRuth: Good morning, David, Wow, what happened to you?David: Hey, Ruth. Boy, do I need coffee. I was up till 2:30 last night for the second night in a row.Ruth: More trouble with the lovebirds?David: Yeah, good ole Michael and Betty were at it again all night. Ruth: Were they breaking dishes again?David: No, I don‟t think they have any dishes left after the last fight.They were yelling about his old girlfriend.Ruth: Haven‟t you spoken to them/ I mean, don‟t they know they‟re keeping you up all night?David: I think when they‟re fighting, they don‟t care about anything else.I banged on the ceiling with a broom for about five minutes and theykept yelling.Ruth: They sound like very selfish people.David: You‟ve got that right, Ruth.Ruth: Why don‟t you just call the landlord?David: He doesn‟t care if I‟m unhappy. He wants me to move! I‟ve lived in the building the longest, and with rent control, I pay half as much as they do. If I move, he can jack up the price.Ruth: What about the other neighbors? Can‟t you all get together and complain?David: Are you kidding? I have had problems with everybody in that building! Rob and Steve, the people who live next door to Michael and Betty, crank-up the volume of their stereo at all hours of the night.Ruth: That‟s terrible.David: yeah, those two guys are so busy throwing parties that they probably never even hear the fighting.Ruth: Well, there has to be someone in your building who you like. David: There is Mrs. Anderson, the woman who lives below me. She‟s 87 years old, as sweet as can be with a heart of gold. Unfortunately, she‟s a little deaf and I‟m sure she never hears any of the noise in the building. Actually, as much as I like her, she‟s also a problem. Ruth: How so?David: Her niece phones from out of state every Sunday morning at 6:30 to check on her. The trouble is because she‟s deaf, she screams into the phone, and it wakes me up.Ruth: Every Sunday?David: Yes, and the sound of her voice goes right up through the floor “Hello? Yes, dear. It‟s so good to hear your voice.”She‟s more reliable than an alarm clock!Ruth: Wow, that sounds like a real nightmare!David: It‟s not her fault, poor old thing. She‟s just very old and her health isn‟t good.Ruth: I‟m pretty lucky. The biggest problem I have is the garbage collectors waking me up at 5:30 in the morning three times a week when they empty the cans. But, I can usually fall asleep again after they leave.David: At least your neighbors put their garbage into the cans! Art, the guy who lives next door to Mrs. Anderson, is sometimes such a pig.He ever seems to throw away his garbage. Whenever I walk by his door I have to hold my nose.Ruth: Maybe you just need to start looking for a new place to live. David: And give up my book?Ruth: Book? What book?David: I told you about my book, didn‟t I? I‟m writing a book about a guy who lives in an apartment building with a bunch of crazy people.I hope it‟ll be a big Hollywood movie someday.Ruth: That sounds fantastic, but can‟t you write the book in a nice quiet apartment in another building?David: No way! Every week I get a new idea for a chapter from somebody in the building. If I move now, I‟ll never be able to finish the book!Exercise 4 Vocabulary in ContextNarrator: 1. SENTENCEDavid: Yeah, good …ole Michael and Betty were at it again all night. Narrator: CONTEXTDavid: Yeah, good …ole Michael and Betty were at it again all night. Ruth: Were they breaking dishes again?David: No, I don‟t think they have any dishes left after the last fight.They were yelling about his old girlfriend.Narrator: SENTENCEDavid: Yeah, good …ole Michael and Betty were at it again all night.Narrator: 2. SENTENCEDavid: If I move, he can jack up the price.Narrator: CONTEXTTom: He doesn‟t care if I‟m unhappy. He wants me to move! I‟ve lived in the building the longest, and with rent control, I pay half asmuch as they do. If I move, he can jack up the price. Narrator: SENTENCEDavid: If I move, he can jack up the price.Narrator: 3. SENTENCERuth: How so?Narrator: CONTEXTDavid: Actually, as much as I like her, she‟s also a problem.Ruth: How so?David: Her niece phones from out of state every Sunday morning at 6:30 to check on her. The trouble is because she‟s deaf, she screamsinto the phone, and it wakes me up.Narrator: SENTENCERuth: How so?Narrator: 4. SENTENCEDavid: She‟s more reliable than an alarm clock!Narrator: CONTEXTDavid: The trouble is because she‟s deaf, she screams into the phone, and it wakes me up.Ruth: Every Sunday?Narrator: SENTENCEDavid: Yes, and the sound of her voice goes right up through the floor.She‟s more reliable than an alarm clock!Narrator: 5. SENTENCEDavid: Poor old thing.Narrator: CONTEXTDavid: It‟s not her fault, poor old thing. She‟s just very old and her health isn‟t good.Narrator: SENTENCEDavid: Poor old thing.Narrator: 6. SENTENCEDavid: Art, the guy who lives next door to Mrs. Anderson is sometimes such a pig.Narrator: CONTEXTDavid: At least your neighbor put their garbage into the cans! Art, the guy who lives next door to Mrs. Anderson is sometimes such apig. He never seems to throw away his garbage. Whenever Iwalk by his door I have to hold my nose.Narrator: SENTENCEDavid: Art, the guy who lives next door to Mrs. Anderson is sometimes such a pig.Part Three ExpansionSection 1: Household FurnishingsExercise 1D1.Husband: Honey, I think it‟s time we redid this room.Wife: Gee, I kind of like it the way it is.Husband: Oh, come on. Look at this floor—it‟s totally scratched. It needs to be refinished or carpeted.Wife: Yeah, and while we‟re at it, we might as well paint the wall around the fireplace. There are smoke stains all over it from last year‟s Christmas party.Husband: Now you‟re talking! Why don‟t we wallpaper the other three walls in here too? Then if we get some new drapes and maybe a couple of lamps—Wife: Wait a second. This is getting out of hand. Why don‟t we just move the armchair over to cover the scratched floor and save ourselves a lot of money and trouble.2.Painter: Good morning. I‟m from Daniel‟s Paint-O-Rama.Woman: Oh, good. Com on in. Would you like some coffee?Painter: Maybe later. Now, have you decided on the color?Woman: I was thinking white might be nice.Painter: I wouldn‟t have white in this room. It would get dirty pretty quickly.Woman: Couldn‟t we use enamel paint? It‟s easy to clean, right?Painter: But it smells horrible and takes a long time to dry. You wont‟be able to use this room until tomorrow.Woman: Oh, my. Well, I guess we could go to a restaurant…Painter: Why don‟t you choose a color that goes with your linoleum?I could nix up a shade of latex semi-gloss that matches this blue.Woman: What about the latex semi-gloss in white? Couldn‟t I wash that down if it got dirty?Painter: Yes, you could, but you‟ll still have to do it more often than if you choose another color. And if you clean it too often, the finish will start to rub off.Woman: Maybe we‟d better stick with the enamel then.3.Tenant: Look at the ceiling; it‟s cracked and peeling over here; there‟sa big water stain on the wall in the corner, and—Landlord: Okay, why don‟t you get some paint and fix it up and I‟ll pay for it.Tenant: I don‟t think that‟s going to fix the problem. It‟s happened before and I don‟t feel like wasting my time and energy covering up problem that‟s just going to happen again.Landlord: Well, I‟m not sure what else you want me to do. I said I‟d pay to fix it.Tenant; I want you to find out what‟s causing this!Landlord: Well, I‟ll talk to Steven upstairs and warn him to be more careful in the future.Tenant: I don‟t think Steven is the problem. The last time this happened he was n‟t even home. Besides, he‟s always been aconsiderate neighbor.Landlord: Maybe you steam up the room yourself. That can cause a lot of chipping and peeling. A small room like this full of steam can do a lot of damage.Tenant: Look, don‟t try to turn this around on me. I always leave the window and door open so it doesn‟t steam up. Either you send someone over to repair this, or else I‟ll get somebody and deduct the cost from the rent. It‟s up to you.4.Meg: Tony? Tony? Tony!Tony: Huh? What?Meg: I can‟t stand it. It‟s freezing in here. Aren‟t you cold?Tony: Well, turn the heat on.Meg: I tried. There‟s no heat coming up.Tony: What time is it?Meg: It‟s about 5:30. The heat should be on by now. This is the third time this week that we haven‟t gotten heat until after 8:00. Isn‟t that against the law?Tony: Yeah, the heat is supposed to be on between 5 AM and 11 AM every day. What he‟s doing is illegal.Meg: I‟m going to call the Housing Authority and report him.Tony: Maybe we should talk to him first.Meg: We already complained in the note we sent with the rent checklast week. I‟m tired of waiting for him to give up enough heat. If we don‟t do something right away, you‟re going to wake up next to an icicle one morning.Section 2: Tenants’ RightsExercise 11.It is against the law to change your locks.2. A tenant must clean an apartment when he or she moves in.3.It is always illegal for a landlord to enter your apartment withoutyour permission.4.You should always keep the receipts for any repairs that youmake.5.You can deduct money from the rent to pay for a window that youbroke.6. A landlord must fix any problem within thirteen days.7.If you change the locks on your apartment, you have to pay for ityourself.8. A landlord must tell you three days before he or she enters yourapartment.9.If you want a bigger sink, your landlord must pay for it.10.Tenants who have trouble with their landlords can get help fromspecial housing agencies.Exercise 21.Recording: You have reached the offices of the City HousingAuthority. Our hours are 10 to 4 Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday;and 10 to 3 on Friday. Our offices are closed on Wednesday,Saturday, and Sunday and all legal holidays. This office handlestenant and landlord disputes. At the sound of the tone, pleaseleave your name, phone number, and a brief description of yourproblem. Thank you for calling, and have a wonderful day.Mr. Hansen: Uh, yeah. Umm. My name is Henry Hansen. I won amultiple dwelling apartment building on 24th and Pine Avenue.One of my tenants has been complaining about a leak in hisbathroom that we think is coming from the apartment upstairs.The problem is that I can‟t get into the upstairs unit. The tenant isnever home and he keeps telling me that he‟s too busy to let me into have a look. I‟ve been trying to get in for over three weeks. Theleak is really starting to cause a lot of damage, and the downstairstenant is very angry. I need to get in to that apartment.2.Vivian: Hey Susan, how‟s it going/Susan: Terrible. I‟m really angry at Pat, my landlord.Vivian: Why? What did he do this time?Susan: When I came home yesterday, the front door was wideopen, the cat was hiding in the closet, and there was Pat—Vivian: Uh oh. “Mr. Fix-it” strikes again. What was your landlord, quote, fixing this time?Susan: You should have seen it. He must have had seventeen different wrenches, pliers, hammers, and screwdrivers spread out all over my kitchen floor just to change a little washer in the leaky sink.Vivian: Well that‟s good. You‟ve been complaining about that fora long time.Susan: Yeah, but he didn‟t even tell me that he was coming. He just showed up while I was at work. He does this all the time.Once when I was throwing a dinner party for eight people, I spent all day cooking and cleaning, and when I ducked out for a minute to buy some wine, “good ole” Pat snuck into to repair the broken light in my bedroom closet. I nearly had a heart attack when I walked in and found him there.Vivian: At least he fixed the light. My landlord doesn‟t even return my phone calls when I have complaints.Susan: But it‟s creepy not knowing when Pat is going to show up.Vivian: Look, your rent is dirt cheap, and you have a landlord who cares about the condition of your building. I don‟t think you have anything to complain about.3.(Phone ringing)Advocate: Tenants Advocacy Resource Center. May I help you? Tenant: Yes, I‟m having a problem with my landlord and I need your help.Advocate: What‟s the problem?Tenant: I moved into my apartment two and a half years ago. I was really happy at first. I mean, the neighborhood is great, the apartment gets good light, the neighbors are considerate, and the rent is actually quite reasonable.Advocate: It sounds O.K. so far.Tenant: The landlord is even a nice enough guy, but he and I just can‟t seem to agree on repair costs.Advocate: Has he been unwilling to make repairs?Tenant: It‟s not that he‟s unwilling. He just takes too long. When I first moved in, the heater was broken, and it took him three months to fix it.Advocate: Not having heat in the winter is an emergency situation. You only have to wait three days. Your landlord—Tenant: No, it wasn‟t an emergency. I moved in in the summer, so I didn‟t need the heater right away, but still, it took him three months.Advocate: And what‟s your current problem?Tenant: Two weeks ago was my thirtieth birthday. My friendsthrew me a surprise party. They showed up with a ton of food and a keg of beer, and they even had a live rock and roll band. It turned into an all-night party, and—Advocate: And your neighbors started complaining about the noise.Tenant: No, everyone in the building was there. It was a great party. Unfortunately, at one point, things got a little out of control, and a couple of guys started throwing around a football and accidentally broke the living room window.Advocate: Was anyone hurt?Tenant: No, we cleaned up the glass and covered the open window with a board. The first thing the next day, I got a repair person to come over and fix the window. Since he was already there, I had him fix the broken stove which I had been complaining to the landlord about for over two months. I figured I‟d kill two birds with one stone. Then, last week, when I mailed in the rent check, I deducted the repair costs. Of course, I remembered to include copies of the receipts. But this morning, my landlord called me and said that he won‟t pay for the repairs. He said I owe him the amount that I deducted from the rent check. That doesn‟t seem fair. What should I do?PART FOUR FOCUS: AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE YES/NO QUESTIONSExercise 1Example: Isn‟t the rent due on the first day of the month?1.Can‟t a landlord throw you out without 30 days notice?2.Don‟t‟ you own your own home?3.Did you complain to the housing authority about your brokentoilet?4.Didn‟t you have a view from the apartment on Main Street?5.Are the utilities included in the rent?6.Can‟t the landlord evict you because you complain to the housingauthority?7.Aren‟t you going to stop paying your rent until the landlord fixesyour sink?8.Don‟t you have a two-bedroom condominium?9.Isn‟t Pete‟s apartment under rent control?10.Did Barbara just refinish her hardwood floors?Exercise 21.Can‟t a landlord throw you out without 30 days notice?2.Don‟t‟ you own your own home?3.Did you complain to the housing authority about your brokentoilet?4.Didn‟t you have a view from the apartment on Main Street?5.Are the utilities included in the rent?6.Can‟t the landlord evict you because you complain to the housingauthority?7.Aren‟t you going to stop paying your rent until the landlord fixesyour sink?8.Don‟t you have a two-bedroom condominium?9.Isn‟t Pete‟s apartment under rent control?10.Did Barbara just refinish her hardwood floors?Exercise 3ACindy: Well, I‟ve just moved here from Chicago. I don‟t know anyone in this city yet, but the people at work are very friendly. I work downtown and don‟t have a car, so I‟d really like to find a place that has a bus line that goes directly downtown. Even though I‟m single, I would like a two-bedroom apartment, but I can only pay $600 a month. Since I‟m new in this city, I don‟t have any furniture, so I‟ll need a furnished place. Now, I won‟t need a very big kitchen. I don‟t really like to cook. But I must have a bathtub. Exercise 3B1.Now, let‟s see. Don‟t you need a one-bedroom apartment?2.Didn‟t you say you wanted to drive to work?3.Didn‟t you tell me you found a job?4.Can‟t you pay $700 a month?5.Don‟t you live with someone?6.Didn‟t you live in Chicago before?7.Don‟t you have some friends in this city?8.Won‟t you need a garage?9.Didn‟t you want a furnished apartment?10.Don‟t you prefer a place with a bathtub?PART FIVE LISTENING PRACTICEExercise 11.Haven‟t you moved in yet?2.What‟s your new apartment like?3.When will the landlord fix the stove?4.Where is all of that noise coming from?5.What seems to be the problem?6.How do you like your new house?Exercise 21.He suggested that I deduct the cost from next month‟s rent.2.Doesn‟t this city have rent control?3.Poor Mr. Thompson. His heater is broken again.4.There‟s a one-bedroom apartment with a garage, and a studio witha view.5.I don‟t want Jeffrey to move in with me because Edward says he‟sa real pig in the kitchen.6.My bathroom sink is broken again.7.Sam is looking for a studio apartment near his office.Exercise 31.QUESTION: Where is this conversation probably take place?Advocate: How can I help you?Tenant: The heater in my apartment is broken. I asked the landlordto fix it four weeks ago, but he still hasn‟t done it. He says thatsince my rent is so low, I have to pay for a new heater. Is thattrue?Advocate: No, it isn‟t. The law in this city says that your landlordmust make sure that your heater works.Tenant: But, I‟ve asked him many times to fix it, and he won‟t doit. I don‟t have the money to move to another apartment! And, if Imake trouble, he might make me leave!Advocate: Don‟t worry, that wont‟ happen. We will help you dealwith your landlord. First, We‟ll write him a letter, and if thatdoesn‟t work, we‟ll take legal action.2.Question: How many rooms are there in this house?Agent: Come right this way, Ms. Lindeman. Take a look at theview from that window. Isn‟t it spectacular?Ms. Lindeman: Oh my, yes, it is quite lovely, but this room isn‟t big enough for my desk. I do need a large space for my desk.Agent: No problem. It‟s just you and your husband, right? So you could use the second bedroom as an office.Ms. Lindeman: Yes… But what if we have guests—I really don‟t like having guests sleep in the living room.Agent: No, I agree, but you could put a sofa bed in the dining room. You know the dining room has a really lovely picture window–the sofa bed would go very well under that window.Ms. Lindeman: Oh I don‟t think I want a sofa bed in the dining room.Agent: It‟s really a very big room. And speaking of big, you have got to see the kitchen. It‟s the most modern updated kitchen I‟ve shown anyone in a long time…3.Question: Who is causing noise problems in the building?Rob: Yes?Adele: Hi. My name‟s Adele. I‟m your downstairs neighbor.Rob: Oh, hi. My name‟s Rob; Rob Adams.Adele: yeah, well listen, Rob, we need to talk about the noise problem.Rob: I‟m glad you stopped by, Adele. I‟ve been having a problem with noise myself.Adele: Well, I‟m sure it‟s not coming from my apartment. I never play my stereo after nine at night because I go to bed early.Unfortunately, you don‟t…Rob: I didn‟t realize my stereo was waking you up.Adele: I don‟t think you‟re playing it that loud, Rob. It‟s just that I can feel the vibrations through the ceiling. All that thump-thump-thumping drives me crazy.Rob: Yeah, I guess it would. Stereo are almost as annoying as the sound of a TV bright and early in the morning.Adele: You can hear my TV?Rob: It wakes me up all the time.Adele: Gee, these walls are a lot thinner than I thought…Rob: Uh-hum; and since our schedules are so different, we‟re going to have to make some changes.4.Question: What kind of place will Alice probably get?Frank: So Alice, how do you like where you‟re living?Alice: Well Frank, the neighborhood is very safe and shopping is really convenient. But I‟m kind of getting ready to look for a new place.Frank: Why? What‟ s the matter?Alice: I don‟t know. I guess it‟s just such an old house. There‟s always something going wrong. Last week it was the water heater.This week the sink got stopped up. And there‟s always the lawn.Frank: Yeah, I guess it must be difficult. Having your own homeis a lot of work. If something breaks you have to fix it. How aboutselling your house and buying a condo? They just built thosebeautiful new condos over by the golf course. I bet you can get agreat place with two bathrooms and a private deck for good price.Alice: I‟m just not crazy about condos. They feel like apartment,but you pay almost as much as you would for a house.Frank: Well, now that your kids are grown, you rally don‟t needthat much room. Maybe you should rent a small apartment. Youcould rent a four-room place at a pretty reasonable rate. If you hadany trouble, all you‟d need to do is call the landlord to come andfix it.Alice: Oh, I‟m too used to having privacy and not worrying aboutnoise. No, I just need a place tha t‟s in better condition. I don‟t‟want to spend all of my time fixing things. Still, I want my ownplace. But next time I want a place that‟s in perfect condition. Nomore fixer-uppers.Exercise 31.Don‟t forget to sign your complete name and add the date.Otherwise, it won‟t be legal.2.I‟m warning you. If you don‟t pay the rent by Friday, you‟re outof here.3.My landlord‟s fantastic. Every time I have a problem, he‟s therethe next day.4.My neighbors were at it again until 7 AM this morning.5.I‟m looking for an apartment that‟s not too expensive, but I amwilling to pay enough for a nice place.6.In my new apartment, I‟ll have my own room, where I can keepmy computer, and where no one will bother me.7.My landlord just raised my rent from $800 to $1200 a month.8.Sam spilled a glass of red wine one the couch and I can‟t get itout.9.Oh boy! The kitchen sink is full of water and the plunger won‟twork.10.The total for my electric, gas and water bills was over $250 lastmonth.。
研究生英语听说教程第二册课本英语课后段落翻译
One problem with lectures is that listening intelligently is hard work.……Many students believe years of watching television have sabotaged their attention span, but their real problem is that listening attentively is much harder than they think.听讲课存在的一个问题是：会听是很难的事。
阅读课本中的相同内容是更有效的学习方法，因为学生可以根据其需要慢慢阅读直到他们理解这些内容。
有时甚至仅仅做到专心听讲都很难。
人们可以以每分钟400-600个字的速度听，而最富有激情的教授说话的速度也很难达到这个速度的1/3。
讲话和理解之间的时间差导致开小差。
很多学生认为多年来看电视已经削弱了他们保持注意力的能力。
但是他们真正的问题是专心听课比他们认为的要难得多。
Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene both because they seem to be economically necessary and because they spring from a long tradition in a setting that values tradition for its own sake.……After all, students must learn to listen before they can listen to learn.讲课这一方式不会完全从大学消失。
一是因为讲课似乎从经济上是必需的，二是讲课起源于悠久的传统，而且人们又把传统本身看得很重。
但是，讲课通常出现在学生接受教育生涯的错误的那一端——在大学的第一和第二年，那时他们最需要密切的、甚至是针对个体需要的指导。
研究生英语课本选择与填空题
第一单元填词discernible impeccable imprint striking arrogance vowsloppy glisten sagacious slender homonym fix the blame on1. There is a contrast between the two interpretations.2. She's got a beautiful figure and taste in clothes.3. The difference between the two is readily .4. She didn’t recognize him in his everyday clothes.5. __________ unlike cleverness, may increase with age.6. It is easy to misconstrue confidence as ___________.7. The soldier followed his heart and still went through with the __________.8. In the process of studying English, it is likely to confuse homograph, ___________, and homophone.9. The grass is ___________ with dew-drops.10. You can’t _______________ me. I can prove I was somewhere else.选择题1. I had a teacher once who called his students "idiots" when they screwed up.A. mess upB. clean upC. put upD. stay up2. He corrected our wayward hands and arms by poking at us with a pencil.A. stirB. stabC. pickD. point3. I was among them, toting my long-neglected viola.A. holdB. carryC. dragD. tackle4. Now I'm not calling for abuse; I'd be the first to complain if a teacher called my kids names.A. insult kidsB. check kids' namesC. praise kidsD. scolding kids5. Grit is a better predictor of success than SAT scores.A. factorB. indicatorC. elementD. component6. And the following eight principles––a manifesto if you will, a battle cry inspired by my old teacher and buttressed by new research––explain why.A. declarationB. displayC. interplayD. presentation7. In a 2012 study, 111 French sixth-graders were given anagram problems that were too difficult for them to solve.A. word playB. homonymC. polysemyD. synonym8. The fear, of course is that failure will traumatize our kids, sapping them of self-esteem.A. upsetB. shockC. distressD. hurt9. The researchers had assumed that the most effective teachers would lead students to knowledge through collaborative learning and discussion.A. captiveB. motiveC. communicativeD. cooperative10. Instead, they found disciplinarians who relied on traditional methods of explicit instruction, like lectures.A. sectarianB. humanitarianC. authoritarianD. librarian第二单元填词integrate retention compelling clerical undeniablyalert hyperactive condense molecular aesthetically1. Those students are studying such fields as genetics and __________ biology.2. His research was used in planning treatments for __________ children.3. The company was __________ with the computer giant.4. The Citizens’ Forum supported special powers for Quebec but also argued for the __________ of a strong central government.5. When you summarize, you _________ an extended idea or argument into a sentence or more in your own words.6. _________ jobs, skills, and workers are concerned with routine work that is done in office.7. The bank is __________ to the danger.8. Art experts say it is tasteless and __________ wrong to replace the missing body parts.9. We have _________ reasons for doing so.10. She is ___________ the most gifted student in the class.选择题1. The president is attempting to dispel the notion that he has neglected the economy.A. illustrateB. eliminateC. disposeD. display2. The task won’t feel so overwhelming if you break it down into small,easy-to-accomplish steps.A. strongB. intenseC. powerfulD. tough3. Extrinsic motivatio n is a motivation that comes from outside, like when you’re paid to achieve something specific.A. exteriorB. extraC. extraordinaryD. extroverted4. In 1950, the infamous husband and wife were accused by the FBI of passing nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union.A. inferiorB. notoriousC. deceitfulD. criminal5. Our football fan club began to recruit new members last week.A. trainB. uniteC. selectD. change6. In language learning it is attitude, not aptitude, that determines success.A. adaptabilityB. skillC. mannerD. talent7. The American language owes much to its writers for its enrichment.A. abundanceB. enhancementC. entertainmentD. enforcement8. In recent years the Austrian economy has outperformed most other industrial economies.A. outputB. outdoneC. outflowedD. outraged9. He could never replicate his brilliant performance of the magic trick.A. representB. reportC. repelD. repeat10. Rituals, celebrations, and festivals form an integral part of every human society.A. interiorB. internalC. entireD. external第三单元填词revel in preoccupation deficiency deviation elaboratefacilitate for the sake of in theory boggle at influx1. The government’s plans seem good ____________ but I doubt if they will work in practice.2. Many diseases are caused by a ___________ of Vitamins E and K in diet.3. I really dislike him because he seems to be __________ all the attention he’s getting.4. There was a great _________ of tourists into Brazil during the World Cup, bringinga huge sum of wealth.5. I usually check the door at night before I go to bed, just _______________ safety.6. His ____________ with business left little time for his family, so no wonder his wife complains a lot.7. They found the __________ of the ship from her intended course, and then they timely adjusted the ship by use of the compass.8. The friendly contacts between different peoples __________ the cultural interchange.9. Some of these points will have to be further _________ as we go into more details on this issue.10. Never ___________ a difficulty because those who never tries will never succeed.选择题1. Chinese government has taken measures to clean up any signs of “Chinglish,” the trend of English fuesd with Chinese.A. mixedB. mergedC. combinedD. infringed2. Indo-European groups encompass half of the world’s dialec ts, including Hindi, Persian, Norwegian, and English.A. compassB. encloseC. compriseD. embrace3. The globalization of conquest, trade, and religion created an overlapping of languages, but it also fortified linguistic divisions in the world.A. strengthenedB. forcedC. enhancedD. improved4. Interestingly English (considered a Germanic language), is a fusion of this segregation, a product of both Germanic and Romance origins.A. isolationB. segmentationC. insulationD. separation5. English is often used in foreign countries due to the mounting tension within countries to choose one local language over another.A. buildingB. maintainingC. increasingD. climbing6. English is thus seen as an ethnically neutral choice to avoid the conquest of one Indian culture over another.A. epicallyB. morallyC. raciallyD. empirically7. English thus helps to muffle fears of cultural and political hegemony in both India and Iraq.A. depressB. concealC. repressD. marvel8. The standardization of a few languages is responsible for wiping out smaller, indigenous language.A. clearing upB. clearing outC. putting outD. putting off9. Many of the indigenous people have different ties and perspective on nature that science has not tapped into thus far.A. digged intoB. marched onC. touched uponD. trapped in10. The transformation could potentially lead to new languages in the future, leading to a trend counter to the one seen with native languages.A. close toB. oppose toC. contrary toD. compared to第四单元填词immerse mediate alternative villain eclipsetreacherous with regard to condemn depict wield1. Was he really a ___________, or just a scapegoat?2. ____________ hardness, the diamond is in a class by itself.3. The time when a solar __________ will occur can be calculated.4. Some praise him, whereas other __________ him.5. I’ve seen such desire of success before in people who held ________ power.6. There are ____________ times for many foreign business in China.7. He who knows only how to _________ a pen usually feels quite helpless in the face of practical problems.8. The author tried to _________ the splendor of the sunset.9. They may be able to __________ between parties with different interests.10. Revisionism is already offering __________ views of his achievements.选择1. Steve Jobs had been in conflict with some other members of his crew.A. different fromB. in opposition toC. indifferent toD. unfriendly to2. An entrepreneur is more than just a risk taker. He is a visionary.A. visual artistB. hard workerC. fortune-tellerD. foreseer3. The Prime Minister’s fragile government was on the brink of collapse.A. blinkB. edgeC. basisD. process4. She loved to ride; on horseback, she was reckless and utterly without fear.A. flawlessB. tirelessC. boldD. restless5. Writers of history books often attempt to integrate the past with the present.A. put togetherB. put up withC. put asideD. put on6. A language teacher should initiate students into the elements of grammar.A. startB. leadC. ensureD. install7. Signature must be consistent with that in your policy record.A. be clear aboutB. be nice toC. be concerned aboutD. be the same as8. Cultivating and training college students setback-resistance should be an important part in quality education.A. feebackB. flashbackC. discouragementD. retreat9. If you can’t dazzle people with brilliance, dazzle them with your sm ile.A. impressB. terrifyC. helpD. get along with10. As far as quality is concerned, we must not make do with what we have, but must constantly strive for excellence.A. look forB. serve forC. try hard forD. praise第五单元填词underscore authoritarian herald disseminate premium authoritative permeate unprecedented downside notorious1. His subtle satisfaction seemed to __________ the space around them.2. The Internet has enabled levels of individual expression and discussion that are__________ in China.3. It took years to ___________ information about AIDS in Africa.4. Air traffic between Shanghai and Beijing, and other cities, has long be __________ for its delays.5. Rising stocks imply slowing demand and ___________ falling prices.6. Senior officers could be considering a coup to restore _____________ rule.7. The new management puts a ___________ on efficiency.8. The rash of accidental shootings __________ how difficult it will be to restore order here.9. There is a ____________ to these keyboards: they are almost useless on your lap.10. The first ____________ study of polio was published in 1840.选择1. However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment.A. concernB. determinationC. extensionD. extent2. Throughout the wilderness, post bands provided entertainment and boosted morale.A. influencedB. establishedC. raisedD. maintained3. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would ensure wide spread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.A. expansionB. extensionC. opportunity to useD. excitement4. Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century.A. long warsB. rapid increasesC. new lawsD. exciting changes5. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life.A. changeB. deathC. transformationD. recovery6. I admire your foresight and sagacity.A. integrityB. quick-witC. insightD. acquaintance7. Regularity ought to be observed, as regularity is very conducive to health.A. beneficialB. constructiveC. exclusiveD. classical8. It was courageous enough for Galileo to defy the falling object theory developed by Aristotle, the authoritative Greek scientist.A. advanceB. refuteC. justifyD. translate9. Free medical service is available to nearly all the college students in China.A. obtainableB. appealingC. convenientD. average10. No one can supersede the position of Irish poet William Butler Yeats in the circle of English poem in the 20th century.A. changeB. surpassC. improveD. replace第六单元填空entry be bound to arrive at sense draw onindicate beyond all recognition index encounter take account of1. Bill was among the first to gain __________ to Buckingham Palace when it opened to the public recently.2. Urban planners in practice have to _______________ many interest groups in society.3. The situation in Eastern Europe has changed _______________.4. Then she remembered that they had no mind in any real __________ of that word.5. He _________ his experience as a yachtsman to make a documentary program.6. When drivers ___________, they make lights flash on one side of their vehicle to show that they are going to turn in that direction.7. Your _________ finger is the finger that is next to your thumb.8. The author tells of a remarkable ___________ with a group of South Vietnamese soldiers.9. I’ll show it to Benjamin. He _________________ know.10. These fingers are __________ on the basis of dentists’ receipts for 1991-1992.选择1. Now where, once the great pile had had been gathered and assembled, to put it all?A. constructedB. collectedC. fabricatedD. accumulated2. The Sunnyside back garden, it turned out, was large enough to accommodate one of the large models.A. adaptB. provide forC. assistD. supply3. They had succumbed to an understandable temptation to send in slips for interesting words, but not for the prosaic ones.A. ordinaryB. poeticC. prosaismD. unusual4. Take special note of passages which show or imply that a word is either new and tentative.A. temporaryB. cautiousC. preliminaryD. tempting5. One has to assume, if unkindly, that those living under the heel of firmly prescriptive linguistic authorities were a little unsure how prudent it might be to read for a book that would be so wildly different in its constitution from those they were used to.A. prudishB. hare-heartedC. carefulD. crude6. Murray and his tiny band of workers were kept furiously busy sifting, sorting, and deciding, day after day after day.A. scrutinizingB. sievingC. separatingD. choosing7. And all the words used in the definition must appear elsewhere in the dictionary, so that any reader’s puzzlement can be rectified by his simply looking those up as well.A. rectitudeB. testifiedC. verifiedD. corrected8. In his definition of the word elephant, for example, he writes of the animal’s pudicity.A. bashfulnessB. purityC. obesityD. good nature9. Queries of all kinds are asked and answered in an instant.A. InquiriesB. QuestsC. QuestionsD. Surveys10. “The circle of the English language has a well-defined centre,” James Murray wrote in his famous Introduction, “but no discernible circum ference.”A. discerningB. perceptiveC. noticeableD. discriminative第七单元填空retardation relentless outrageous skirmish inculcatesmug squander mediocrity rack expel1. It is _________ that these buildings remain empty while thousands of people have no homes.2. My brother was ___________ from school for bad behavior.3. Severe iron deficiency can cause development delay and growth _____________.4. A goal just before half-time rescued the match from ___________.5. She has campaigned _____________ for her husband’s release from prison.6. There was a short _____________ between the political party leaders when the government announced it was to raise taxes.7. Our football coach has worked hard to ____________ a team spirit in/into the players.8. There are a hint of ___________ self-satisfaction in her voice.9. They’ll quite happily ____________ a whole year’s savings on two weeks in the sun.10. Our landlord ___________ up the rent by 15% this year.选择1. The labor union and the company’s management, despite their long history of unfailingly acerbic disagreement on nearly every issue, have nevertheless reached an unexpectedly ___________, albeit still tentative, agreement on next year’s contract.A. conclusiveB. onerousC. hesitantD. swift2. Human reaction to the realm of thought is often as strong as that to sensible presences; our higher moral life is based on the fact that _________ sensations actually present may have a weaker influence on our action than do ideas of_________ facts.A. familiar… symbolicB. material… remoteC. emotional… impersonalD. definitive… controversial3. In response to the follies of today’s parliament, the councilor does not___________ inflamed indignation, but rather ___________ the detachment and smooth aphoristic prose of an eighteenth-century wit.A. resort to… s purnsB. rely on… avoidsC. suppress… clings toD. express… affects4. As is often the case with collections of lectures by __________ authors, the book asa whole is ___________, although the individual contributions are outstanding in themselves.A. different… spurnsB. incompetent… abysmalC. famous… systematicD. mediocre… unexciting5. The essence of belief is the establishment of ________; different beliefs are distinguishable by the different modes of action to which they give rise.A. allegiancesB. practiceC. trustD. commitments6. The results of the experiments performed by Elizabeth Hazen and Rachel Brown were _____ not only because there results challenged old assumptions but also because they called the _____ methodology into question.A. specious… originalB. predictable… contemporaryC. provocative… prevailingD. inconclusive… traditional7. As early as the seventeenth century, philosophers called attention to the ____ character of the issue, and their twentieth-century counterparts still approach it with ____.A. problematic… uneasinessB. unusual… composureC. complex… antipathyD. auspicious… caution8. The ____ with which the French aristocracy greeted the middle-class Rousseau was all the more ____ because he showed so little respect for them.A. appreciation… deservedB. suspicion… uncannyC. reserve… unexpectedD. deference… remarkable9. Congress is having great difficulty developing a consensus on energy policy, primarily because the policy objectives of various members of Congress rest on such ____ assumptions.A. fundamentalB. trivialC. divergentD. commonplace10. Hydrogen is the _____ element of the universe in that it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.A. expendableB. fundamentalC. lightestD. steadiest第八单元填词Trip off the tongue rampart lurk sparky slumpteeming staggering tumble dart off heave1. With her strikingly different looks and _________ presence, Tsui just needs the right vehicle to launch her beyond supporting roles.2. They ________ out a missile, and the pilot regains control.3. The council’s land is now worth much less than originally hoped because of a_______ in property prices.4. The hare _________ with the velocity of a bird.5. Behind his cool exterior ________ a reckless and frustrated person.6. As we know by now, the galaxy is ________ in worlds to exploit, and many in our cosmic neighborhood will contain similar materials to Earth.7. Its _________ still stand strikingly as a reminder of its strategic importance, and the bustling alleyways of the old city retain a medieval flavor.8. Anyone who saw Yao Ming __________ to the floor against the Portland Trailblazers（波特兰开拓者队）in the first round of the NBA Playoffs had to feel for the man.9. I know this is a terrible n ame, but when you mentioned the word “Jim”, the name ____________.10. A ________ 8.4 million jobs have been lost and the unemployment rate remains near double digits.填词exacerbate sprawl trek disparate strewindigenous sewage amenities drain adverse1. Latin America and central and eastern Europe were less dynamic and more vulnerable to ________ external shocks.2. Meanwhile, china’s state help to troubled industries will likely ________ global overcapacity and put off recovery in businesses ranging from shipbuilding to solar panels.3. A bursting of the bubble would _______ household wealth and hurt the share prices of developers, construction companies, home-appliance makers and car companies.4. The hotel ________ include health clubs, conference facilities, and banqueting rooms.5. Economic models dictate that where there is a growing population and limited landa rise in property prices is inevitable, leading to urban _________.6. The garage floods, windows are drafty and back-up toilets flood apartments with_________.7. The World Trade Centre is a bit of a __________ from Soho, but it’s worth it.8. Analysts say china’s ________ reactor designs are quickly catching up.9. These __________ challenges share one thing in common: they cannot be addressed successfully without cooperation between the U.S. and China. 10. The racoons knock over the rubbish bins in search of food, and ________ thecontents all over the ground.。
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1
Part I(1-3)
Introduction to key players:what and how
Part II(4-12)
Traits of key players:
Trait1:The selfless collaborator
Trait2:A sense of urgency
Trait3:Risk tolerance
Trait4:Strength in interpersonal relationships
第一部分（1-3）
关键球员介绍：什么和如何
第二部分（4-12）
关键球员的特征：
特点1：无私的合作者
特质2：紧迫感
特质3：风险承受能力
特质4：人际关系中的力量
4
Part I Introduction(Paras.1-3)
Love is essential for human survival.
Part II Body(Paras.4-7)
What is love?
Part III Conclusion(Para.8-12)
What brings people together?And is there a person out there that one in meant for?
第一部分导论（第1-3）
爱是人类生存的基本。
第二部分体（了4-7）
什么是爱？
第三部分结论（Para。
8-12）
什么东西把人们聚集在一起？有一个人在那里，一个意味着？
6
1.Gifts of loneliness and privacy,and opportunities for fulfillment;
2.Full of tall deeds,great people and wonderful undertakings;
3.18inches far from/near to those famous people;
4.The option of participation or insulation;
5.The choice is with the individual--New Yorkers are lucky in this regard;
6.The insulation may weaken them as individual;
7.However,the insulation has a positive effect on the creative capacities of New Yorkers;
8.The abundance of excitments prevents New Yorkers from a deficiency of spirit
1。
礼物的孤独和隐私，以及实现的机会；
2。
高大的事迹，伟大的人民和美好的事业；
3。
离那些名人近18英寸远；
4。
参与或隔离的选择；
5。
个人的选择——纽约人在这方面是幸运的；
6。
隔离可能削弱他们作为个人；
7。
然而，隔离对纽约人的创造能力的积极作用；
8。
丰富的激动使纽约人从精神的缺乏
7
Part I Introduction(Para.1)
What is human nature?
Part II Body(Paras.2-9)
Characteristics of human nature
(8characteristics)
The basic nature of human beings does not change
No one wishes his nature to change
Human nature is ever true to itself,not to systems of faith or education
The constancy(稳定性)of human nature is proverbial(众所周知的)
Human nature can be studied,controlled and directed
Man’s spirit(精神)is perfect,only the personality and the physical body become imperfect
Man’s majesty(伟大;王权)and nobility(高尚;高贵)are taken for granted.Only behaviors deviated from the normal attract attention
Man’s inherent goodness is revealed by his countless acts of heroism
Part III Conclusion(Para.10)
Human nature can only be understood,not changed
第一部分介绍（第，1）
什么是人性？
第二部分体（第2-9）
人性特征
（8个特点）
人类的基本本性不改变
没有人希望他的本性改变
人性永远忠于自己，而不是信仰或教育体系
恒定（稳定性）人性是众所周知的（众所周知的）
人性可以被研究、控制和引导
人的精神（精神）是完美的，只有人格和身体变得不完美
人的威严（伟大；王权）和贵族（高尚；高贵）是理所当然的。
只有偏离正常的行为才会引起注意
他无数的英雄主义行为揭示了人的内在善良
第三部分结论（第10段）
人性只能被理解，而不是改变
9
Part I(1-2)
Affordable housing has become a problem not only for the urban poor but also for the suburban middle-class.
Part II(3-9)
Causes of the problem(government3-8,mismatch9)
Part III(10)
Consequences of the problem
Part IV(11-13)
Solutions to the problem
Part V(14)
Summary:Home ownership:the American dream that remains to be realized
第一部分（1-2）
负担得起的住房已成为一个问题，不仅为城市贫民，但也为郊区中产阶级。
第二部分（3-9）
引起问题的原因（government3-8，mismatch9）
第三部分（10）
问题的后果
第四部分（11-13）
解决问题的方法
第五部分（14）
总结：居者有其屋：美国梦还有待实现
10
Para.1
American society has a long-standing consensus(共识)about the value of education. Para.2
Our society's confidence in its institutions of higher education is clear from the generosity of government investment in research but it comes with expectation. Para.3
Modern academic study relates to the world;it is not apart from it as in the past. Para.4
We have an obligation to search for new ideas and knowledge.
Para.5
We have an obligation to disseminate(传播)new ideas and knowledge.
Para.6
We have an obligation to educate the next generation of citizens and leaders. Para.7
We should cultivate(培养)the qualities of thought and discernment(洞察力)in our students.
1段。
美国社会有一个长期的共识（共识）关于教育的价值。
2段。
我们的社会对其高等教育的信心从政府投资研究的慷慨是显而易见的，但它伴随着期望.。
3段。
现代学术研究与世界有关，与过去不分。
4段。
我们有义务寻找新思想和新知识。
5段。
我们有义务传播（传播）新思想和新知识。
6段。
我们有义务教育下一代公民和领导人。
7段。
我们应该培养学生的思考能力和洞察力（洞察力）在我们的学生。