ModelTest10
大学英语六级模拟 Model Test 1 (附答案可编辑))
Model Test 1Part I Writing (30 minutes) （P.1）Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled College Students on the Job Market. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.当今大学生面临着严重的就业压力；2.这一现象的产生有多方面的原因；3.解决的办法。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Stress （PP.1-3）This may come as a surprise, but you need stress in your life. Leading stress management experts say that without stress would be dull and unexciting. Stress adds flavor, challenge, and opportunity to life. However, too much stress can seriously affect your physical and mental well-being. A major challenge in today’s stress-filled world is to make the stress in your life work for you instead of against you.In today’s hectic, fast-paced world and with the blooming economy, stress is our constant companion. It comes from mental or emotional activity and physical activity. Too much emotional stress can result in physical illness, such as high blood pressure, ulcers, asthma, irritable colon, headaches, or even heart disease. On the other hand,physical stress from work or exercise rarely causes such ailments. In fact, physical exercise can help you to relax and to handle your mental or emotional stress.Hans Selye, M.D., a recognized expert in the field, has defined stress as a “nonspecific response of the body to a demand”. The key to reducing stress is learning how our bodies respond to those demands. When stress becomes prolonged or particularly frustrating, it can become harmful-causing distress or “bad stress”. Recognizing the early signs of distress and then doing something about them can make a significant difference in the quality of your life.In order to use stress in a positive way and prevent it from becoming distress, you should be aware of your own reactions to stressful events. The body responds to stress by going through specific stages: (1) alarm, (2) resistance, (3) exhaustion. Muscles tense, blood pressure and heart rate rise, and adrenaline and other stress-triggered hormones that increase the level of alertness are released. If the stress-causing conditions continue, your body will need time to make repairs, if that happens, you eventually may develop a physical problem that is related to stress, such as migraine headaches, high blood pressure, backache, or insomnia. That’s why when stress occurs it’s important that you recognize and deal with it in a positive way. While it’s impossible to live completely free of stress and distress, it is possible to prevent some distress as well as to minimize is impact when it can’t be avoided. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to handle stress.Try Physical ActivityWhen you’re nervous, angry or upset, try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical activity. Running, walking, playing tennis, or working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try. Physical exercise will relieve your anxiety and worry and help you relax. Your body and your mind will work together to ease the stress in your life.Share Your StressIt helps to talk with someone about your anxieties and worries. Perhaps a friend, family member, teacher, or counselor can help you achieve a more positiveperspective on what’s troubling you. It you feel your problem is serious, you might seek professional help from a psychologist, psychiatrist or social worker. Knowing when to ask for help is a positive step in avoiding more serious problems later.Take Care of YourselfYou should make every effort to eat well and to get enough rest. If you’re irritable and tense from lack of sleep, or if you’re not eating properly, you’ll be more vulnerable to stressful situations. If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should consult your doctor.Make Time for YourselfSchedule time for both work and reaction. Don’t forget, play can be just as important to your overall well-being as work. You need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have fun. Go window-shopping or work on a hobby. Allow yourself at least a half hour each day to do something you enjoy.Make a List of the Things You Need to DoStress can result from disorganization and a feeling that “there’s so much to do, and not enough time”. Trying to take care of everything at once can be overwhelming, and as a result, you may not accomplish anything. Instead, make a list of everything you have to do, then do one thing at a time, checking off each task as it is completed. Give priority to the most important tasks and do those first.Go Ahead and CryA good cry can be a healthy way to bring relief to your anxiety. It might even help you avoid headache or other physical consequence of anxiety and stress.Create a Quiet SceneYou can’t always run away, but you can allow yourself a mental “get-away”. A quiet country scene painted mentally, or on canvas, can transport you from the tension of a stressful situation to a more relaxing frame of mind. You also can create a sense of peace and tranquility by reading a good book or listening to beautiful music.Avoid Self-MedicationWhile you can use prescription or over-the-counter medications to relieve stress temporarily, they do not remove the conditions that caused the stress in the first place.In fact, many medications may be habit-forming and also may reduce your efficiency, thus creating more stress than they eliminate. They should be taken only on the advice of your doctor.RelaxThe best strategy for reducing or avoiding stress altogether is to learn how to relax. Unfortunately, many people try to relax at the same pace that they lead the rest of their lives. That doesn't work. Instead, try tuning out your worries about time, productivity and "doing right". Here are several relaxation techniques you may find helpful:--You should take a deep breath and exhale to help calm your mind, counter your body's natural stress reaction and improve your response.--You should laugh. Many stress management experts advocate laughter as a relaxation technique for relieving tension.--You should take a warm bath or shower. Whether you prefer bubble baths or long hot showers, this is an excellent way to relax after a stressful day.--You should try progressive muscle relaxation. Individual contract and relax each muscle group of your body. Begin by tensing your toes for 10 seconds, then relax them for 20.Work all the way up your body, alternately tensing and relaxing, and finish with your facial muscles.By learning the "art" of relaxation, you’ll find satisfaction in just "being", without trying or striving. Your focus on relaxation, enjoyment and health will reduce stress, anxiety and worry in your life. The result is, you will be calmer, healthier and happier.注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上作答。
新向标英语model test 1四级 -回复
尊敬的各位专家和同仁们，我想感谢您们能够抽出宝贵的时间来阅读并回复本文。
今天我将在此发表一篇新向标英语四级模拟试题，希望可以得到各位的批评和指导。
1. 阅读文章Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10,plete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Questions 1-10The Internet and globalization have changed the way people interact and develop their relationships. In the past, people often relied on face-to-facemunication to foster relationships with others. However, in today’s society, many people have turned to the Internet to meet new friends,municate with others and m本人nt本人n their relationships.In a study conducted by the Pew Research Center, it was found that 35 of adults have used social media to meet new friendsand 57 have used it to make new business contacts. This change in the way people develop relationships has had both positive and negative effects.One positive effect of the Internet and globalization on relationships is that it has allowed people to connect with others from all over the world. It is now possible for people to form friendships and business connections with individuals from different countries and cultures. This has not only broadened people’s social circles, but also increased their awareness and understanding of the world.On the other hand, the Internet and globalization have also had some negative effects on relationships. For example, some people have be so engrossed in their online relationships that they have neglected their offline relationships. Additionally, the Internet has made it easier for people to engage in dishonest behavior, such as lying about their identity and intentions.In conclusion, the Internet and globalization have brought about significant changes in the way people develop their relationships. While it has made it easier for people to connect with others from around the world, it has also brought aboutsome negative consequences.2. 听力部分Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 11-15, mark A) if the statement is true, mark B) if the statement is false, and mark C) if the statement has no information.Questions 11-1511. The Internet has changed the way people interact and develop their relationships.12. According to the study conducted by the Pew Research Center, 57 of adults have used social media to meet new friends.13. One positive effect of the Internet and globalization is that it has allowed people to form friendships with individuals from different countries.14. The Internet has made it easier for people to engage in dishonest behavior, such as lying about their identity and intentions.15. The Internet has not brought about any negative consequences in the way people develop relationships.3. 翻译部分Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.Part A请按照以下要求，将第1到第5段译成英语。
CET4 模拟测试题9 Model Test9
Model Test N i n ePart I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two ways to learn about other countries: one is to travel abroad and the other to obtain the information online. You are to make a choice. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section AQuestions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Because the storm had cut power to them.B)Because the roads to them had been flooded.C)Because there might be mud slides.D)Because there might be tsunami.2.A) It is expected to last until Saturday afternoon.B)It has caused over 300 traffic deaths.C)It is the strongest one in years.D)It will be at its strongest on Saturday afternoon.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) A car crash. B) A bushfire. C) A burglary. D) A terrorist attack.4.A) More than 15 homes had moved our.B)More than 50 homes had joined the fight.C)They had not had the fire under control yet.D)They had found a way to put out the fire.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) They are useful in terms of security but have rusted.B)They are useful in terms of security but not beautiful.C)They are no longer strong enough to protect the tower.D)They are no longer needed as a photo spot.6.A) It is the most visited monument in the world.B)It is totally free of charge for visiting.C)The entry to the forecourt of the tower is free.D)The entry to the forecourt of the tower will be charged.7.A) Less visitor entrances. C) Ornamental lights.B)More security guards. D) Better elevators.Section BQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) He played tennis for his high school team.B)He played football for his high school team.C)He played tennis starting from his junior year.D)He played tennis starting from his senior year.9.A) Tennis. B) Basketball. C) Golf. D) Volleyball.10.A) Because he has a lot in common with the woman.B)Because he thinks the woman is a good player.C)Because his team lacks girl players.D)Because his team can learn a lot from the woman.11.A) Join the man to watch a match. B) Visit a new stadium with the man.C) Watch the man play in a match. D) Join the man to play in a match. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) An interview between a customer and a shopping a ssistant.B)An interview between an airport staff and a passenger.C)A conversation between two working staff about the airport’s future improvement.D)A conversation between an air-hostess and a passenger about the inflight meal service.13.A) Because many people want to stay in shape.B)Because he wants to take every chance to improve his health.C)Because many people are tired after long flights.D)Because massaging will be a good way to kill time.14.A) Seasonal ones. B) Fresh ones. C) Local ones. D) Juicy ones.15.A) Disappointing. B) Satisfying. C) Outdated. D) Lovely.Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) Because the planets are the same size as Earth.B)Because the planets are similar in many aspects to Earth.C)Because the planets are capable of supporting life.D)Because the planets have water on their surface.17.A) They are rocky planets . B) They are gaseous like Jupiter.C) They are covered by water. D) They are covered by sea ice.18.A) Because it has the right temperature and enough greenhouse gases.B)Because it has the right amount of water and enough greenhouse gases.C)Because it has the right atmosphere and enough greenhouse gases.D)Because it has the right gravity and enough greenhouse gases.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) They should be widely used in the field of social services.B)They should be blamed for the increasing unemployment.C)They should be taxed the same amount as the people they replace.D)They should be taxed more than the ordinary people.20.A) They will surely face massive unemployment.B)They will need less income tax to spend.C)They will have less income tax to spend.D)They will have no need to cope with the changes.21.A) Psychologists. C) Room cleaners.B) Police officers. D) Doctors.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) People who sleep late are smarter and more creative.B)People who sleep late are always late for their jobs.C)People who sleep late are easily irritated.D)People who sleep hate are slow and ineffective in their jobs.23.A) You will feel exhausted all day long. B) You can’t justify your lateness.C) You will be late for your work. D) You can’t find persuasive excuses.I) flexibility J) identical K) informed L) likely M) mistake N) selectively O) shapingA) betterB) competitivelyC) contraryD) curiosityE) evidenceF) explainedG) facilityH) fact24. A) Because they can fully enjoy themselves late at night.B) Because they can fully concentrate their attention late at night.C) Because they can read the most fascinating book late at night.D) Because they can make rapid progress in mentality late at night.25. A) Group intelligence tests. C) Deductive reasoning tests.B) Emotional intelligence tests. D) Inductive reasoning tests.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section AQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Ask a left-wing Briton what they believe about the safety of nuclear power, and you can guess their answer. Ask a right-wing American about the risks posed by climate change, and you can also make a 26 guess than if you didn’t know their politic al affiliation. Issues like these feel like they should be 27 by science, not our political tribes, but sadly, that’s not what happens.Psychology has long shown that education and intelligence won’t stop your politics from 28 your broader worldview, even if those beliefs do not match the hard evidence. Instead ,your ability to weigh up the facts may depend on a less well-recognised trait- 29 .There is now a mountain of 30 to show that politics doesn’t just help predict people’s views on some scientific issues; it also affects how they interpret new information. This is why it is a 31 to think that you can somehow “ correct” people’s views on an issue by giving th em more facts, since study after study has shown that people have a tendency to 32 reject facts that don’t fit with their existing views.But smarter people shouldn’t be susceptible to prejudice swaying their opinions, right? Wrong. Other research shows that people with the most education, highest mathematical abilities, and the strongest tendencies to be reflective about their beliefs are the most 33 to resist information which should contradict their prejudices . This undermines the simplistic assumption that prejudices are the result of too much gut instinct and not enough deep thought. Rather, people who have the 34 for deeper thought about an issue can use those cognitive powers to justify what they already believe and find reasons to dismiss apparently_ 35 evidence.Section BHow to Fix the Internet[A] We have to fix the internet. After 40 years, it has begun to corrode, both itself and us . It is still a marvelous and miraculous invention, but now there are bugs in the foundation, bats in the belfry, and trolls in the basement.[B] I do not mean this to be one of those technophobic rants insulting the interne for rewiring our brains to give us the nervous attention span of Donald Trump on Twitter or pontificating about how we have to log off and smell the flowers. Those worries about new technologies have existed ever since Plato was concerned that the technology of writing would threaten memorization and oratory (演讲术) .I love the interne and all of its digital offshoots. What I feel sad for is its decline.[C]There is a bug in its original design that at first seemed like a feature but has gradually, and now rapidly, been exploited by hackers and trolls and malevolent actors: Its packets are encoded with the address of their destination but not of their authentic origin. With a circuit-switched network, you can track or trace back the origins of the information, but that’s not true with the packet-switched design of the internet.[D]Compounding this was the architecture that Tim Berners-Lee and the inventors of the early browsers created for the World Wide Web. It brilliantly allowed the whole of the earth’s computers to be webbed together and navigated through hyperlinks. But the links were one-way. You knew where the links took you . But if you had a webpage or pi ece of content, you didn’t exactly know who was linking to you or coming to use your content.[E]All of that protected the potential for anonymity. You could make comments anonymously. Go to a webpage anonymously. Consume content anonymously. With a little effort, send email anonymously . And if you figured out a way to get into someone’s servers or databases, you could do it anonymously.[F]For years, the benefits of anonymity on the net outweighed its drawbacks. People felt more free to express themselves, which was especially valuable if they were holding different opinions or hiding a personal secret. This was celebrated in the famous 1993 New Yorker cart oon, “On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog.”[G]Now the problem is nobody can tell if you’re a troll. Or a hacker . Or a bot .Or a Macedonian (马其顿的) teenager publishing a story that the Pope has supported Trump . This has poisoned civil discourse, enabled hacking, permitted cyberbullying , and made email a risk.[H]The lack of secure identification and authentication ( 身份认证) inherent in the internet’s genetic code had also prevented easy transactions, obstructed financial inclusion, destroyed the business models of content creators, unleashed the overflow of spam ( 垃圾邮件) ，and forced us to use passwords and two-factor authentication schemes that would have confused Houdini. The trillions being spent and the IQ points of computer science talent being allocated to tackle security issues make it a drag, rather that a spur, to productivity in some sectors.[I]It Pla to’s Republic, we learn the tale of the Ring of Gyges. Put it on , and you’re invisible and anonymous. The question that Plato asks is whether those who put on the ring will be civil and moral. He thinks not, The internet has proven him correct. The web is no longer a place of community, no longer a marketplace. Every day more sites are eliminating comments sections.[J]If we could start from scratch, here’s what I think we would do：Greate a system that enables content producers to negotiate with aggregators ( 整合者) and search engines to get a royalty whenever their content is used, like ASCAP has negotiated for public performances and radio airings of its members’ works. Embed (嵌入) a simple digital wallet and currency for quick and easy small payments for songs, blogs, articles , and whatever other digital content is for sale. Encode emails with an authenticated return or originating address. Enforce critical properties and security at the lowest levels of the system possible, such as in the hardware or in the programming language, instead of leaving it to programmers to incorporate security into every line of code they write. Build chips and machines that update the notion of an internet packet. For those who want, their packets could be encoded or tagged with metadata ( 元数据) that describe what they contain and give the rules for how it can be used.[K]M ost internet engineers think that these reforms are possible, from Vint Cerf, the original TCP/IP coauthor, to Milo Medin of Google, to Howard Shrobe, the director of cybersecurity at MIT. “We don’t need to live in cyber hell,”Shrobe has argued. Implementing them is less a matter of technology than of cost and social will .Some people, understandably, will resist any reduction of anonymity, which they sometimes label privacy.[L]S o the best approach, I think, would be to try to create a voluntary system, for those who want to use it, to have verified identification and authentication. People would not be forced to use such a system. If they wanted to communicate and surf anonymously, they could. But those of us who choose, at times, not to be anonymous and not to deal with people who are anonymous should have that right as well. That’s the way it works in the real world.[M]T he benefits would be many. Easy and secure ways to deal with your finances and medical records. Small payment systems that could reward valued content rather than the current incentive to concentrate on clickbait for advertising. Less hacking, spamming, cyberbullying, trolling, and spewing of anonymous hate . And the possibility of a more civil discourse.36.The one-way hyperlinks enable users to do many things online anonymously.37.Although anonymity can make people conceal their identity online, now it has poisoned their online life.38.To adopt the voluntary system would be advantageous to our online life in a number of aspects.39.There are several ways to reduce anonymity if we can rebuild the internet from the very beginning.40.The author suggested inventing a system to let people go online anonymously or not as they wish.41.The author thinks the internet should be fixed not because he is afraid of new technologies but becauseproblems arise in it.42.Pubic opposition could become one of the biggest obstacles to carrying out the reforms.43.The hazard of anonymity mentioned by Plato has been shown on the internet.44.People used to think that anonymity online did more good than harm.45.It is the design of the internet that makes it impossible to find out where the information comes from. Section CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In today’s world, online social media has become more powerful and the most destructive thing over worldwide. Although with time all generations have come to embrace the changes social network has brought about, teenagers and young adults are the most fanatic users of these sites. According to various research studies in the field of online social networks, it has been revealed that these sites are impacting the lives of the youth greatly. When using these sites such as Twitter, Facebook or Myspace, there are both positive and negative effects on the youth.Firstly, social media helps the youth and any other user updated with what is happening around the world, and helps the teenagers stay connected and interact with each other even if they are many miles apart. This strengthens their relationship. Even if they finished school and moved to different locations, they stay connected and update one another.In addition, social media sites have provided a platform whereby the youth can create groups and pages based on their common discipline and end up building connections and opportunities for their respective careers by updating various topics to discuss. Youth who have been interviewed say that social media has become their lifestyle and it makes their lives easier and more efficient.While on the one hand social network sites seem to bring people together and stay connected, on the other hand it causes many physical and mental health problems such as eyes infection, back problems, etc. Other negative effects of social networking various people suggested included encouraging poor spelling and grammar, exposing underage to online predators ( 捕食者) , allowing spread of misinformation that is seen as fact, decreasing productivity as those who are supposed to e working spend time in the sites to chat, providing a perfect platform for cyberbullying and providing details that increase risks of identity theft.“The more social media we have, the more we think we’re connecting, yet we are really disconnecting from each other.”In conclusion, social networking clearly portrays both positive and negative effects on the youth. It is the decision of individuals whether to use it in a right way or wrong.46.According to the first paragraph, .A)both online and offline social media have developed quicklyB)social medial sites are always being attackedC)the effects of social medial were welcomed in the beginningD)the most crazy fans of social medial are the youth47.What is young people’s purpose in adopting the platform offered by social media sites?A. To improve their academic performance.B)To lay the foundation for their future careers.C)To practice their debate skills.D)To change their way of living.48.What does the author mainly imply about the disadvantages of social networking?A)Increasing the prevalence of oral errors. B) Putting minors in danger.C) Spreading falsehoods and rumors. D) Leaki ng users’ personal information.49.The author’s attitude towards social media is .A)objective B) positive C) negative D) impassive50.What’s the main topic of this passage?A)The introduction of online social media history.B)The research on online social media.C)The influence of online social media on the youth.D)The correct way to use online social media.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Cutting toxic levels of city air pollution to safer levels is simple, but not easy-it requires resolve. Yet, despite the key culprit (罪犯) in the UK being well known-diesel (柴油机的) vehicles-the government has been asleep at the wheel for years.Levels of nitrogen dioxide (二氧化氮) have been illegally high across much of the UK since 2010. In 2015 86% of major urban areas broke annual limits. Cutting this pollution means choking off diesel emissions and there is a wide range of effective measures available.Creating zones in city centres where polluting care are either banned or charged is important, while making cities safe for cycling cuts traffic too.Cleaner buses and taxis have an important role to play and change to the perverse taxes that encourage people to buy diesel over cleaner cars is needed. There is also some support for a revival of a scrappage scheme which saw dirty old bangers taken off the road.The environment and transport departments were well aware of all this and proposed many of these measures internally, only for the Treasury to reject most of them, arguing they “ would be political ly very difficult, especially given the impacts on motorists.”Motorists happen to be particularly badly exposed to air pollution, but the real political difficulty for the government is two humiliating legal defeats in two years where judges ruled its air pollution plans were so bad they were illegal.Ministers have now been forced to come up with a third plan, but clean air zones and car tax changes take time to clean up the air. Yet the UK government is also in the slow lane when it comes to emergency measures.When foul air descended on Paris in December, officials there swung into action. Public transport was made free and the number of cars allowed on roads was restricted, alternately barring those with odd and even licence plates. In the UK, during the same December smog, the government sent a few tweets.At the root of the problem are diesel cars, which successive governments across Europe have utterly failed to ensure meet legal emissions limits when driving in real-world conditions on the road. The gaming of regulatory tests by carmakers was blown open by the Volkswagen scandal. The scandal of governments prioritising supposed driver freedom over the lungs and health of their citizens is only now playing out.51.What does the author think of fixing air pollution in the first paragraph？A)It is a piece of cake. B) It needs political will.C) It is the main problem. D) It has a lone way to go.52.The aim of those in favor of a scrappage scheme is .A)to reduce diesel emissions B) to encourage the use of old carsC) to retire low-end old vehicles D) to cut own on traffic accidents53.It can be inferred from the passage that the Treasury .A)was quite clear about the current situation of air pollutionB)opposed almost every proposal about reducing air pollutionC)believed the anti-pollution measures to be unaffordableD)made such objections partly due to the effects on drivers54.Why do the UK ministers have to put forward a third air pollution plan?A)Because drivers are suffering the most from sir pollution.B)Because the first two plans were found illegal by the judges.C)Because long-term solutions are ignored by the government.D)Because emergency measures are falling behind.55.Which of the following measures did the French government take when smog suddenly arrived in December?A)Establishing clean air zones. C) Limiting vehicles based on license plate number.B)Reforming car taxes. D) Posting several announcements on Twitter.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)西汉时期，中国的船队就达到了印度和斯里兰卡（Sri Lanka）,用中国的丝绸换取了琉璃（colored glaze）、珍珠等物品。
Model+Test+10
Model Test101.All of the following italicized phrases express cause EXCEPTA.He didn't answer for fear of hurting her.B.He received worldwide praise for his scientific research.C.Tom almost lost his temper for losing his pet.D.They fought for national independence.2.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A.Though she was sick,she had to do the washing.B.The ill person asked the doctor for more sleeping pills.C.He made himself sick by looking after his mother.D.She has been ill for many years and has lost her patience.3.The clause in the sentence“It seems that his idea is more practical"isA.the object clause.B.the predicative clause.C.the subject clause.D.the adverbial clause.4.They are such beautiful vases_____everybody wants to buy_____they are sold out in less than half an hour.A.which;thatB.as;asC.as;thatD.that;as5._______from the top of the hill,the city takes the round shape with a flowing river through it.A.ViewingB.To be viewedC.ViewedD.To be viewing6.In the sentence“The basket full of some fruits belongs to the old woman",the italicized part isA.an appositive.B.an attribute.C.an adverbial.D.an object.7.You______be too careful when you drive a car in the rush hour.A.might notB.must notC.can notD.may not8.Success in life does not depend so much on chance______on diligence and honesty.A.butB.norC.asD.like9.It is essential that misunderstanding_______during business negotiations.A.be avoidedB.is avoidedC.will be avoidedD.has to be avoided10.A developing country usually receives more public aids than_______a developed country.A.inB.it receives inC.doesD.it does in11.The new folk song_______on really quickly.A.carriedB.tookC.caughtD.got12.My sister is always building castles in the air.The underlined part meansA.daydreaminging imaginationC.creating a work of artD.bragging about herself13.He was almost_______to Jack,but somehow looked a little shorter.A.equalB.equivalentC.identicalD.parallel14.The novel contains some marvelously revealing_____of rural life in the19th century.A.glimpsesB.glancesC.glaresD.gleams15.There were500_____at the international academic conference this summer.A.spectatorsB.viewersC.participantsD.onlookers16.William Penn,the founder of Pennsylvania,________defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.A.peculiarlyB.indifferentlyC.vigorouslyD.inevitably17.People who don't regularly drink caffeine tend to be more____its negative effects.A.sensibleB.sensationalC.sentimentalD.sensitive18.Kelly is putting the final_____to her speech.A.notesB.remarksmentsD.touches19.Maybe you could______yourself as a waiter and sneak in there.A.coverB.screenC.disguiseD.hide20.Book publishers may modify or______a work with the permission of the copyright owner.A.shortenB.abbreviateC.abridgeD.reduce。
modeltest用法
BEGIN PAUP;
Lset Base=(0.2789 0.2637 0.2411) Nst=6 Rmat=(2.1562 4.4909 1.9751 1.8702 62557 Pinvar=0.0132;
END;
Begin paup后面的一段命令是在paup中运行，来执行这个模型的命令。
3． 在开始－运行中输入cmd命令，确认，弹出一个dos界面的窗口，将其默认目录改为model.scores文件所在文件夹，修改方式为在dos窗口输入：cd 盘符：\filename\filename，确认，这里我们输入
cd C:\modeltest3.7\” Modeltest3.7 folder” \bin\。带有空格的文件夹名要用双引号括起来。
PAML软件的一些简单的具体的使用操作（转）
2009-08-31 10:45
PAML软件的一些简单的具体的使用操作(2008-11-14 153642)标签：杂谈
1. 首先用Clustal X进行序列比对：要保证：保证核苷酸序列是三的倍数，没有终止密码子，核苷酸序列的第一位是密码子的第一位。假设序列名为cox1.fas
5、然后点击左边的按钮“select file”，找到“model.scores”，之后，点击按钮
“Modeltest！！”，然后就会出现运行结果了。
6、会出现两个运行结果，一个是hLRT得出的结果，另一个是AIC给出的结果。
[!
Likelihood settings from best-fit model (TrN+I+G) selected by hLRT in Modeltest 3.7 on Fri Jul 24 15:23:49 2009
计算不同model下的似然值。如果序列比较多，且长的话，需要计算一阵呢！
大学英语六级模拟测试题model-text09(含答案解析)
Model Test FourPart I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on cohesion.Your essay should include the importance of cohesion and measures to be taken to enhance cohesion.You should write at least150 words but no more than200words.Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A)How to act at a job interview.B)How to run one’s own business.C)How to dress during a job interview.D)How to communicate with your boss.2.A)Whether he should boast about his advantages.B)Whether he should dress formally for the interview.C)Whether he should mention his personal problems.D)Whether he should be honest about his bad habit.3.A)Ask some thought-provoking questions.B)Offer a firm handshake when greeting the interviewer.C)Arrive on time at the interview.D)Dress gorgeous clothes.4.A)Because it is the best way to let the conversation go smoothly.B)Because it is the best way to leave a good first impression.C)Because it can show that you are an intelligent interviewee.D)Because it can show that you are genuinely interested in the position.Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)He prefers voting for a qualified leader.B)He prefers becoming a businessman.C)He prefers joining a non-governmental organization.D)He prefers joining a political party.6.A)From states.B)From their own members.C)From their own businesses.D)From donations.7.A)Those who can offer good concepts.C)Those who deliver enlightening speeches.B)Those who can offer lots of money.D)Those who are good at managing economy.8.A)Intelligent.B)Humorous.C)Confident.D)Brave.Section BDirections：In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A)Because it is a tonal language.B)Because its grammar is irregular.C)Because its characters are difficult to remember.D)Because it has many dialects.10.A)To talk to as many Chinese as possible.B)To get a bilingual teacher who can speak Chinese and English.C)To watch as many Chinese movies as possible.D)To listen to as many Chinese recordings as possible.11.A)Find locals to talk to.B)Embrace it and use it everywhere.C)Memorize its characters.D)Read a lot of Chinese books.Questions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A)Because they get more praise from their parents.B)Because they get more mental stimulation from their parents.C)Because they get more emotional support from their parents.D)Because they get more help from their parents with their tasks.13.A)First-born children have better business achievements.B)First-born children have better thinking skills.C)First-born children have better sense of independence.D)First-born children have better logical thinking.14.A)Writing.B)Reciting.C)Matching letters.D)Calculating.15.A)They are a reasonable explanation for the observed birth-order differences.B)They are incomplete in explaining the observed birth-order differences.C)They are doubtful in explaining the observed birth-order differences.D)They are an unconvincing explanation for the observed birth-order differences.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)Using minivans to collect data.B)Using drones to collect data.C)Releasing a new operating system.D)Releasing a new version of app.17.A)Because it could not navigate.B)Because it offered wrong information.C)Because it always broke down.D)Because its operating system was too complex.18.A)It has simplified its operating system.C)It has improved its appearance.B)It has released a new version.D)It has added more information.Questions20to22are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)Useful language knowledge is laid down in the very early months of life.B)Language ability can be retained without further input of the language.C)Language knowledge cannot be retained without further input of the language.D)The process of acquiring language starts when the baby is2years old.20.A)It is abstract in nature.C)It fades with time.B)It relies on experience.D)It can be erased.21.A)When the child is born.C)When the child is6moths old.B)When the child is still in the womb.D)When the child is17months old.22.A)It is a concrete process.C)It is an abstract process.B)It depends on training.D)It depends on fetal education.Questions23to25are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)Pretending to care the patients may improve your job.B)Professionalism does not necessarily accommodate empathy.C)Whether doctors should empathize with patients.D)What is the best for patients.24.A)It improves the health of patients.C)It facilitates communication.B)It improves the mood of doctors.D)It decreases the medical risk.25.A)Leaning back in the chair when listening.C)Repeating their statements continuously.B)Seeing them eye-to-eye when listening.D)Sitting next to them when listening.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.As the recent courgette(密生西葫芦)crisis and shortages of lettuce,eggplants and broccoli(绿花椰菜)have shown,Spain’s fame as the vegetable garden of Europe is well deserved.The country’s huge agricultural sector—courgettes,lettuces,tomatoes and strawberries—__26__a huge demand.There has been a major__27__towards mechanization since the1950s,but just as in the UK,many crops still need to be harvested by hand,and many farmers rely on migrant labour.Even where mechanisation can be used, picking machines tend to be too expensive and__28__for small-scale farmers.The tension between locals and migrant workers,__29__from North and Sub-Saharan Africa and eastern Europe—is not a big problem,as many of the foreign workers have proper__30__and return to the same farms year after year.They’re known and that’s important.Alfrut—a company in the south-western province of Huelva that exports strawberries,raspberries,and other fruits around the EU—shill harvests by hand.“There is a machine that gathers strawberries,but you have to__31__the crop to the machine,”says Agustin Muriel,a technical and quality control expert at Alfrut.“If we were to use machines,we would have to__32__our entire infrastructure and it would require a lot of investment in machinery,which is designed mainly for large areas and really big companies.”He adds that the__33__,manual approach is likely to continue for the__34__future,as fruit prices aren’t high enough to allow farmers to make big__35__in machinery or spend money reconfiguring(重新配置)their operations.A)adapt I)investmentsB)attach J)modifyC)contracts K)predominantlyD)feeds L)preferenceE)foreseeable M)shiftF)heralds N)traditionalG)impractical O)unexpectedlyH)inaccessibleSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Now We’re Talking:How Voice Technology Is Transforming Computing[A]Like casting a magic spell,it lets people control the world through words alone.Any sufficiently advanced technology,noted Arthur C.Clarke,a British science-fiction writer,is indistinguishable from magic.The fast-emerging technology of voice computing proves his ing it is just like casting a spell:say a few words into the air,and a nearby device can grant your wish.[B]The Amazon Echo,a voice-driven cylindrical(圆柱体的)computer that sits on a table top and answers to the name Alexa,can all up music tracks and radio stations,tell jokes,answer trivia questions and control smart appliances;even before Christmas it was already resident in about4%of American households.V oice assistants are proliferating in smartphones,too:Apple’s Siri handles over2bn commands a week,and20%of Google searches on Android-powered handsets in America are input by voice.Dictating emails and text messages now works reliably enough to be useful.Why type when you can talk?[C]This is a huge shift.Simple though it may seem,voice has the power to transform computing,by providing a natural means of interaction.Windows,icons and menus,and then touchscreens,were welcomed as more intuitive ways to deal with computers than entering complex keyboard commands.But being able to talk to computers abolishes the need for the abstraction of a“user interface”at all.Just as mobile phones were more than existing phones without wires,and cars were more than carriages without horses,so computers without screens and keyboards have the potential to be more useful,powerful and ubiquitous than people can imagine today.[D]Voice will not wholly replace other forms of input and output.Sometimes it will remain more convenient to converse with a machine by typing rather than talking(Amazon is said to be working on an Echo device with a built-in screen).But voice is destined to account for a growing share of people’s interactions with the technology around them,from washing machines that tell you how much of the cycle they have left to virtual assistants in corporate call-centers.However,to reach its full potential,the technology requires further breakthroughs—and a resolution of the tricky questions it raises around the trade-off between convenience and privacy.[E]Alexa,what is deep learning?Computer-dictation systems have been around for years.But they were unreliable and required lengthy training to learn a specific user’s puters’new ability to recognize almost anyone’s speech dependably without training is the latest latest manifestation of the power of“deep learning”,an artificial-intelligence technique in which a software system is trained using millions of examples, usually culled(挑选)from the internet.Thanks to deep learning,machines now nearly equal humans in transcription accuracy,computerized translation systems are improving rapidly and text-to-speech systems are becoming less robotic and more puters are,in short,getting much better at handling natural language in all its forms.[F]Although deep learning means that machines can recognize speech more reliably and talk in a less stilted(不自然的)manner,they still don’t understand the meaning of language.That is the most difficult aspect of the problem and,if voice-driven computing is truly to flourish,one that must be puters must be able to understand context in order to maintain a coherent conversation about something,rather than just responding to simple,one-off voice commands,as they mostly do today(“Hey,Siri,set a timer for ten minutes”).Researchers in universities and at companies large and small are working on this very problem,building “bots”that can hold more elaborate conversations about more complex tasks,from retrieving information to advising on mortgages to making travel arrangements.(Amazon is offering a$1m prize for a bot that can converse “coherently and engagingly”for20minutes.)[G]When spells replace spelling.Consumers and regulators also have a role to play in determining how voice computing develops.Even in its current,relatively primitive form,the technology poses a dilemma:voice-driven systems are most useful when they are personalized,and are granted wide access to sources of data such as calendars,emails and other sensitive information.That raises privacy and security concerns.[H]To further complicate matters,many voice-driven devices are always listening,waiting to be activated. Some people are already concerned about the implications of internet-connected microphones listening in every room and from every smartphone.Not all audio is sent to the cloud—devices wait for a trigger phrase(“Alexa”,“OK,Google”,“Hey,Cortana”,or“Hey,Siri”)before they start relaying the user’s voice to the servers that actually handle the requests—but when it comes to storing audio,it is unclear who keeps what and when.[I]Police investigating a murder in Arkansas,which may have been overheard by an Amazon Echo,have asked the company for access to any audio that might have been captured.Amazon has refused to co-operate, arguing(with the backing of privacy advocates)that the legal status of such requests is unclear.The situation is analogous(相似)to Apple’s refusal in2016to help FBI investigators unlock a terrorist’s iPhone;both cases highlight the need for rules that specify when and what intrusions into personal privacy are justified in the interests of security.[J]Consumers will adopt voice computing even if such issues remain unresolved.In many situations voice is far more convenient and natural than any other means of communication.Uniquely,it can also be used while doing something else(driving,working out or walking down the street).It can extend the power of computing to people unable,for one reason or another,to use screens and keyboards.And it could have a dramatic impact not just on computing,but on the use of language puterized simultaneous translation could render the need to speak a foreign language irrelevant for many people;and in a world where machines can talk,minor languages may be more likely to survive.The arrival of the touchscreen was the last big shift in the way humans interact with computers.The leap to speech matters more.36.Despite the issue of invasion of privacy,voice-computing’s irresistible convenience is already receivingwide adoption.37.Conventional forms of input and output will not be entirely replaced by voice command.38.Deep learning revolutionizes speech technologies,enabling computers to process any natural language.39.Screens and keyboards of computers are not necessarily indispensable because of the invention of voicecomputing.40.Deep learning has real successes,but is not enough to understand the meaning of language.41.The convenience brought by voice computing can come at a risk of privacy or security.ws that apply to privacy and security issues for voice technology are needed in light of the two cases inAmerica.43.Despite its simple appearance,voice is capable of changing computing,by bypassing the physical realm.44.Thanks to voice computing,several devices such as smartphones have already done some tasks by voiceorders.45.To fully explore the potential of voice technology,more things need to be done to tackle the gaps betweenconvenience and privacy.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Police officers may hope that their presence in schools will help them build strong relationships with students, improving police-community relations over the long term.But achieving that goal may require rethinking law enforcement’s role in education,a new report suggests.Looking at federal data from the2012-2014school year,researchers at Education Week found that students in schools with at least one school resource officer(STO)were1.5times likely to be arrested than their peers in schools that did not have a police presence.The disparity is particularly stark for black students,possibly because police presence is concentrated in districts with a higher proportion of minority students.Black buys were three times more likely to be arrested at school than white boys,the report found.Rather than building relationships and improving outcomes,students who are arrested or referred to law enforcement can see a drop in school performance and are disproportionately more likely to get involved with the law again as adults,researchers say.Racial bias means that outcomes are particularly poor in communities of color.Spurred by rising fears of violent crime during the1980s and1990s,some schools began turning to police to increase safety on campus.With federal funding,their presence only grew.Following tragedies like the school shooting at Columbine High School in Colorado,an increasing number of parents called for security measures like metal detectors and armed officers.By2013-2014,44,000“school resource officers”worked in schools on a full-or part-time basis.In some cases,hiring these officers has resulted in an impressive drop in incidents.But the national picture is less positive.Particularly in schools with a high proportion of minorities,the SROs are overused,taking on disciplinary functions that classroom teachers have traditionally performed,experts say.Arresting students,rather than having a classroom teacher discipline them,brings financial and emotional costs.An American Civil Liberties Union report found that arrested students were twice as likely to drop out of high school—and for those who appeared in court,that figure doubled.Compounding the problem,the cost of employing school resource officers means many schools with a police presence are less likely to have school counselors who can keep an eye on the psychological and developmental effects of arrests on children,Education Week reported.Detaining students also drains the budget of money that could be used to educate them.So how can police officers help ensure safety without becoming disciplinarians(纪律严明者)who grease the school-to-prison pipeline?Training is key,National Association of School Resource Officers executive director Mo Canady told Education Week.SROs should see themselves not only as members of law enforcement,but also embrace their role as educators on issues like drug prevention and as informal counselors for students,Mr.Canady said.46.The federal data quoted in Paragraph Two indicate that_____.A)schools in minority district are in need of SROsB)police officers tend to arrest minority studentsC)the existence of SROs intensified campus violenceD)the SROs may have failed to function as expected47.What may be the negative effect of deploying SROs?A)It exerted more law enforcement than necessary.B)It disturbed the normal teaching practices.C)It posed risks to students’psychological health.D)It frustrated the enthusiasm of faculty members.48.What does the author think of the measure of employing SRO?A)Its real effect remains to be seen.B)It should be vigorously promoted.C)There’s still room for improvement.D)It causes more harm than good.49.What does“grease the school-to-prison pipeline”(Line2,Para.8)most probably mean?A)To effectively prevent juvenile crime.B)To lead more students to be arrested.C)To help ensure the safety on campus.D)To tighten the school-to-prison link.50.In the last paragraph,the author advises the SROs to______.A)work harder to ensure school safety B)reinforce their roles as disciplinariansC)adjust their function in education D)care more about students’mental healthPassage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Clear Macro CEO Mike Simcock,who has25years of professional asset management experience,says he started the company to help investment managers that were drowning in a deluge of data.There has been a massive explosion in data sources,many offering the prospect of more timely information and more impactful signals.But the big data revolution is actually compounding a problem that was already there, says Simcock.Advancements in technology are making analytical processes accessible beyond the world of hedge funds（对冲基金）and CTAs(交易顾问)；things like back testing tools and ways of aggregating information and visualizing information in a really efficient way.Clear Macro is building a“Wikipedia of investment strategies”.It applies strategic,tactical and systematic asset allocation strategies,alongside a combination of select data sets providing real time macro insights,from text media and now-casting to cross border central bank liquidity statistics.Simcock suggests a less is more approach to data.“We are not scraping the internet for data.We are doing aggregation in the sense that we are sourcing what we call best quality data sets for the categories of information that we think decision makers care about holistically,as well as tools to back test and gain conviction over what works and what doesn’t.“He said big data sets within the hedge fund space tend to be really focused on tactical, higher frequency,shorter term decision making,such as trying to gain an edge on payrolls or the next move in inflation,or company results.The industry is very quickly going to move much further toward data driven automated research and investible strategies.“Funds or products that are essentially driven more and more by rules,and can be delivered in different ways,whether it’s an ETF structure or simply connecting to interactive brokers.”Suddenly all sorts of owners of data are realizing the power of their data sets.“We are completely unaware of whether we use traditional data or new data.If we can demonstrate it adds some value then that can justify paying for it.”Data does not come cheap:all sorts of entities are offering to sell their data,from anywhere between￡25K and￡250K,and upward.“The value of data is in the eyes of the beholder,”said Simcock.“Typically I think the way that data sales work is that everything is up for negotiation,”he said.“Some of the things we are finding is a lot of the classic data sets are delivering better performance when you build them into strategies.The message I would give to someone asking how should I deal with this landscape—embrace technologies that can make your job easier and take your time.”51.It is indicated in the first two paragraphs that_____.A)Simcock himself is an investment consultantB)Simcock’s company offers timely messageC)it’s hard to make a selection in data explosionD)high-tech provides ne analytic tools for CTAs52.What can we learn about the“Wikipedia of investment strategies”?A)It makes investment suggestions.B)It sorts and analyzes timely data.C)It provides macro data reports.D)It predicts the statistics of banks.53.According to Simcock,the key to an efficient process with the data is_____.A)aggregation B)allocation C)combination D)simplification54.What opinion does Simcock express in the last paragraph?A)The price of data may soar up in the future.B)Any kind of data can be sold out nowadays.C)Classic data can provide better information.D)It’s worth time to get adapted to new tech.55.What can be the best title of this passage?A)How to Avoid Drowning in Data C)How to Apply Investment StrategiesB)How to Respond to Data Explosion D)How to a Systematic Data SetPartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.春联（Spring Festival couplets）是中国独特文化的一部分，有着悠久的历史。
Model test 1-参考答案
Model test 1
得分
评卷人
一、词汇题
1-5 bbbcb
6-10 bcddb
11-15 cdabc
16-20 abcdc
二、判断题
21-25. FFFFF26-30. FFFTT
三、完型填空题
31. I32. O33. J34. C35. L
36. N37. E38. F39. D40. K
四、阅读理解题
46-50.ABDCB51-55.BDDAA56-60.BCBCC61-65.ACBAB
5、阅读评论题
评分标准
分数
标准
18-20分
文章切题,内容充实,有独到之处;行文流畅,语言得体;篇幅适当;结构严谨;句子结构有变化,用词有变化.避免了单调和粗俗;无语法错误.
16-17分
基本切题;语体基本得当;篇幅适当;篇章结构进行了适当的计划或调整;只有少量语法错误;或拼ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ错误,不致阅读困难.
13-15分
基本切题,但内容有待充实;语体不当之处较少;篇幅适当;结构有待改善;常用结构中无语法错误,其他语法和词汇错误不致引起严重的阅读困难.
7-12分
大致切题,但有关内容欠缺或包含无关内容;缺乏语体意识;篇幅不够;篇章结构松散不当;各种语言错误导致严重阅读困难或误解.
0-6分
错误过多,无法阅读.
model test 10
1.单词辨析：predecessor、successor与processor。
三词意思有明显区别。
predecessor指前辈；successor指后继者；processor指处理器。
2.同上：overdue、overdose与overtax。
其中overdue指事件逾期；overdose常指药剂服用过量；overtax常指工作负荷过重。
3.有关“result”的短语。
“result from”指由……导致；“result in”指导致……；另外再补充一个短语：’acquaint sb. with sth ‘指熟悉某人某物；被动语态为“sb. be acquainted with sth”.4.关于“throw”的短语：“throw away”指抛弃、扔掉；“throw out”指拒绝接收；“throw off”指摆脱，从……中恢复；“throw up”指产生、带来；“throw back at someone”指说某人过去的坏事以羞辱某人；“throw in”随意介入（谈话）等。
5.词义辨析：sensory、sensible、sensitive与sensational. “sensory”指感官上的、感觉上的；“sensible”指合情合理的；“sensitive”指敏感的，常用短语“be sensitive to ”;“sensational”指轰动的（事件）。
6.有关几个动词的用法：write、smell、taste、touch等（此处用法较特殊，只是引起大家的注意）。
通常下：“说笔很容易写”应为，The pen writes easily. (这类词遇到此种情况一般不会用被动)。
例如：The meal smells good. This cake tastes delicious.等7.四个词组辨析：”rather than”指而不是……；“other than”指除过……；”less than”指不足……；“more than”指超过、非常。
与自闭症相关英文缩写简介
1、ASD Autism Spectrum Disorder 自闭症谱系障碍Autism [ˈɔ:tɪzəm] ：自闭症Spectrum ['spektrəm] ：光谱Disorder [dɪs'ɔ:də(r)] ：障碍自闭症谱系障碍是一个医学名词，它是一种广泛性发展障碍，现多使用于儿童身上。
其病征包括异常的语言能力、异常的交往能力、狭窄的兴趣以及固执的行为模式。
在这个谱系障碍中，儿童自闭症是儿童精神类疾病当中最为严重的一种。
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD，Autism Spectrum Disorder ），是根据典型自闭症的核心症状进行扩展定义的广泛意义上的自闭症，既包括了典型自闭症，也包括了不典型自闭症，又包括了阿斯伯格综合症、自闭症边缘、自闭症疑似等症状。
自闭症，又称孤独症，是一种较为严重的广泛性发展障碍疾病。
目前，自闭症的病因仍是世界医学的未解难题，可以排除的是自闭症与后天的家庭教养无关。
该病男女发病率差异显著，在我国男女患病率比例为6—9：1。
典型自闭症，其核心症状就是所谓的“三联症”，主要体现为在社会性和交流能力、语言能力、仪式化的刻板行为三个方面同时都具有本质的缺损。
其主要症状为：1、社会交往障碍：一般表现为与他人交往困难或不愿意交往，严重者甚至与父母缺乏情感依恋；2、语言交流障碍：完全无语言、语言发育落后、语言能力倒退，或者鹦鹉学舌式重复语言；3、重复刻板行为：兴趣狭窄、异常动作频繁、性格固执不愿意接受改变。
不典型自闭症则在前述三个方面不全具有缺陷，只具有其中之一或之二。
2、PDD Pervasive Developmental Disorder 广泛性发育障碍Pervasive [pə'veɪsɪv] ：普遍的Developmental [dɪˌveləpˈmentl] ：发展Disorder [dɪs'ɔ:də(r)] ：障碍广泛性发育障碍（pervasive developmental disorder，简称PDD。
四级听力强化训练-答案速查
四级听力强化训练答案Model Test OneSection A1. B2. C3. C4. B5. D6. A7. D8. C9. C 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. C Section B16. B 17. D 18. B 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. BSection C26. vehicles 27. offerings 28. spicy 29. jewelry 30. mini-store31. stylish 32. trying on 33. definitely 34. breaks down 35. impulse purchasingModel Test TwoSection A1. D2. D3. A4. A5. A6. B7. C8. C9. B 10. A 11. D 12.C 13. C 14. B 15. A Section B16. B 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. B 21. D 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. BSection C26. layered 27. related to 28. loose 29. occasionally 30. receptive31. associates with 32. in turn 33. naturalists 34. document 35. interactionsModel Test ThreeSection A1. B2. B3. C4. D5. D6. D7. D8. C9. B 10.A 11. B 12. C 13. C 14.A 15.B Section B16. A 17. A 18. C 19.A 20. C 21. B 22.D 23.D 24.B 25.DSection C26. participated in 27. perfectly 28. resumes 29. occur 30. brought into 31. temporarily 32. mechanism 33. minimize 34. contact 35. staring atModel Test FourSection A1. D2. A3. C4. B5. D6.D7. B8. C9. B 10.C 11.A 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. B Section B16. B 17. D 18. C 19. C 20.B 21. A 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. CSection C26. undramatic 27. considering 28. function 29. genetically 30. makes sense31. figure out 32. as compared to 33. medical 34. subtle 35. vocalizingModel Test FiveSection A1. C2. C3. B4. D5. D6. B7. C8. C9. B 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A Section B16. B 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. DSection C26. slips on 27. episode 28. given 29. registering 30. suggestive31. previous 32. related to 33. active 34. emotion 35. point outModel Test SixSection A1. C2.B3.A4.A5.C6.C7.A8.D9.C 10.D 11.D 12.D 13.C 14.A 15.B Section B16.D 17.B 18.D 19.D 20.C 21.B 22.C 23.B 24.A 25.BSection C26. attention 27. probably 28. comparative 29. a series of 30. hint 31. raised 32. interpretation 33. suggesting 34. branched off from 35. encodedModel Test SevenSection A1.D2. B3. C4. D5. D6. C7. B8. D9.D 10. A 11.B 12. B 13.A 14. C 15.C Section B16. C 17. B 18. A 19. D 20.B 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. BSection C26. single 27. sticking 28. pushed up 29. formation 30. nutrition31. protein 32. suffers from 33. combination 34. growth cycle 35. completelyModel Test EightSection A1.D2.B3.A4.C5.A6.C7.D8.C9.D 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.B Section B16.B 17.A 18.B 19.B 20.C 21.B 22.D 23.A 24.D 25.DSection C26. associated 27. partner 28. extreme 29. awfully 30. suicidal31. obsessive 32. forehead 33. imagine 34. thinking about 35. investigateModel Test NineSection A1.A2.C3.C4.B5.C6.D7.B8.A9.D 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.D Section B16.A 17.A 18.D 19.A 20.A 21.C 22.B 23.B 24.D 25.BSection C26. chess 27. suggests 28. strategies 29. moves 30. means31. fascinated by 32. board 33. rational 34. opponents 35. predictModel Test TenSection A1.B2.D3.B4.D5.C6.D7.B8.A9.C 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.CSection B16.B 17.B 18.C 19.C 20.C 21.D 22.C 23.C 24.A 25.CSection C26. economics 27. advantage 28. toss a coin 29. fake 30. roughly31. landed 32. dishonest 33. play fair 34. trustworthy 35. reputationModel Test ElevenSection A1.C2.A3.C4.B5.B6.A7.B8.C9.C 10.A 11.D 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.B Section B16.A 17.B 18.C 19.C 20.A 21.B 22.C 23.C 24.D 25.BSection C26. Wake up 27. bargain 28. idioms 29. judgment 30. washing31. term 32. set up 33. injury 34. accounts for 35. leaking gasModel Test TwelveSection A1.B2.D3.A4.D5.B6.C7.A8.B9.B 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.D Section B16.A 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.B 21.D 22.A 23.A 24.D 25.CSection C26. confirmed 27. habitable 28. based on 29. fundamental 30. atmosphere 31. traditionally 32. liquid water 33. generated 34. frozen 35. alienModel Test ThirteenSection A1.D2.B3.C4.B5.A6.C7.A8.B9.A 10.B 11.D 12.D 13.A 14.B 15D Section B16.D 17.C 18.B 19.A 20.B 21.C 22.C 23.B 24.C 25.ASection C26. financial 27. a shortage of 28. traced back to 29. credit 30. mortgages 31. certainly 32. acquiring 33. available 34. compensate for 35. ConsequentlyModel Test fourteenSection A1.B2.C3.A4.D5.B6.C7.C8.D9.B 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.D Section B16.C 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.B 21.B 22.A 23.A 24.B 25.CSection C26. overwhelming 27. calendar 28. adapt to 29. prospect 30. rush into31. survive 32. hospital 33. positive 34. motivation 35. passing onModel Test FifteenSection A1.D2.C3.C4.C5.D6.B7.B8.B9.D 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.ASection B16.D 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.A 21.B 22.D 23.C 24.A 25.CSection C26. wondered 27. impulse buying 28. assistants 29. transactions 30. target31. technology 32. perfume 33. appeal to 34. screened 35. offering对话答案Test One1.B2.D3.C4.B5.A6.C7.B8.A9.C 10. B 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.B 15. B Test Two1.C2.A3.A4.C5.B6. D7.B8.C9. B 10.C 11.D 12.B 13. C 14.C 15.A\ Test Three1.B2. C3.C4.C5.B6.A7.B8.b9.C 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.C Test Four1.B2.C3.A4.A5.B6.B7.B8.A9.C 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.A Test Five1.C2.B3.D4.D5.D6.B7.B8.A9.D 10.B 11.B 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.A Test Six1.D2.B3.D4.D5.A6.A7.C8.D9.A 10.B 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.C Test Seven1.C2.B3.C4.C5.C6.D7.D8.A9.B 10.B 11.D 12.C. 13.B 14.A 15.B Test Eight1.D2.D3.D4.D5.D6.C7.A8.C9.B 10.D 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.C。
大学英语四级考试modeltesttwo
大学英语四级考试Model Test TwoPart ⅠWritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Should Parents Be Responsible for Children's Crimes? You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:1．青少年犯罪成为社会焦点，父母应该负责；2．父母应该负责的原因。
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Robot Cars to Do Battle in Desert Race When 15 competitors lined up in Nevada last year for the U.S. Defense Department's first million-dollar robot race, hopes were high. The challenge: to drive a vehicle without a human driver or remote control some 150 miles (241 kilometers) through the Mojave Desert.But those hopes quickly went up in a cloud of dust as most robots barely managed to get off the starting line. The best performer, a modified Humvee built by engineers at Pennsylvania's Carnegie Mellon University, traveled 7 miles (11 kilometers) before breaking down.To robot devotees (热爱者), however, it was a minor hiccup.No surprise, then, that 43 teams showed up to try out for this year's race, dubbed (被称作) the Grand Challenge. For the past week, teams ranging from garage enthusiasts to well-funded university engineers have been fine-tuning their machines at qualifying rounds here at the California Speedway in Fontana, California. (Watch the robots in action in our exclusive video.)Twenty-three finalists were announced Thursday for Saturday's Grand Challenge. The 175-mile (282-kilometer) course starts and finishes in Primm, Nevada.The race promises to be even tougher than last year's run. But 18 months is an eternity in the robotics world, and the technology has vastly improved.Organizers believe several teams have a real shot of finishing the race in less than ten hours to earn the grand prize of two million U.S. dollars."When the first team out of the Chute (斜道)--Mojavaton, a small team out of Colorado--made it successfully around the 2.2-mile (3.5-kilometer) qualification course, I knew right there and then that we had something special," said Ron Kurjanowicz, the chief of staff for the Pentagon's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which is sponsoring the race.Unknown CourseThe aim of the Grand Challenge, Defense Department! officials say, is to spur development of autonomous ground vehicles that can operate in dangerous environments, such as war zones, keeping soldiers out of harm's way.A U.S. Congress mandate (训令) requires that one-third of military ground vehicles drive themselves by 2015, but the technology to meet that mandate does not yet exist.So the government looked to enterprising teams to develop the technology for driverless vehicles, sweeteningNone of the 23 teams knows what lies ahead for this year's race. DARPA won't reveal the exact route until two hours before the start of the race on Saturday.But the obstacles on the Fontana qualification course--including a steel-enforced tunnel that wipes out a vehicle's global positioning system--are made to resemble the rugged, real-life conditions that the vehicles will have to navigate.The vehicles use sensors such as lasers, cameras, and radar to help them avoid obstacles such as rocks and cliffs. The computer's brain has to figure out how to resolve unexpected conflicts, like a boulder sitting in the middle of the road."Think about all the decisions that you and I have to make when we drive from our house to the store," Kurjanowicz said. "These vehicles have to do the same thing, without a driver."Among the top contenders in Saturday's race is TerraMax, a massive truck originally built by the Wisconsin-based Oshkosh Truck Corporation for the U.S. Marine Corps.In last year's race, TerraMax managed to go only 1.2 miles (2 kilometers). Team leader Gary Schmiedel expects to do much better this year. He pointed to the new all-wheel steering feature on the truck as an important addition."We can move this large, 15-ton (13.5-metric ton) payload vehicle in a turn that's equivalent to that of a Humvee," he said.GhostriderThe resources of teams like TerraMax or Carnegie Mellon University, which has two vehicles in the race this year, are a far cry from those of some of the other competitors, including inventors, electricians, and even a high school team.One entry, from a Southern California team of engineers, racers, and hot-rodders, is called It Came From the Garage. It has a beer keg (小桶) stuck on the back and an on-offswitch that says "brain.""Most of the schools and organizations we're up against are just accessorizing conventional vehicles," said team leader Chris "C.J." Pedersen, a former actor. "Our vehicle is a custom-built, 21st-century hot plete with hood scoop and exhaust coming off the side."Anthony Levandowski, a robotics builder from Berkeley, California, is back with Ghostrider, the only motorcycle robot in the qualifications. Studded with sensors and computers, it toppled (翻倒) over after 3 feet (1 meter) in last year's race.Levandowski, who had to postpone his graduate studies when he couldn't find a faculty advisor who believed it would be possible to build the motorcycle robot, says his vehicle has some distinct advantages."We're smaller and go a lot more places," he said while tinkering with the robot before another trial run. "We're also a lot less expensive. This bike costs as much as a tire or a wheel of some of these other guys' machines."Smart MoneyNeither Ghostrider nor It Came From the Garage made the final cut at this week's qualifying races.However, another crowd-pleaser, Cajunbot--or the Ragin' Cajun--a converted all-terrain vehicle developed by a team from the University of Louisiana in Lafayette, did.The smart money in Saturday's race may be on Stanley, a converted V olkswagen Touareg made by a team at California's Stanford University. It was the only vehicle that didn't hit an obstacle in the trial runs.Even if none of the vehicles finishes the race this year, DARPA's Kurjanowicz said, the event has succeeded in galvanizing robotics developers and pushing the creation of new technologies."The beauty of the Grand Challenge is that it doesn't tell people how to solve the problem," he said. "The community has come up with its own elegant solutions."1. The passage mainly describes the advantages and disadvantages of robot car races.3. It is a surprise that up to 43 teams came for this year's race called the Grand Challenge.4. The Pentagon's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is sponsoring the race.5. The aim of the Grand Challenge is to spur development of autonomous ground vehicles.6. Ghostrider and It Came From the Garage both made the final cut at this week's qualifying races.7. TerraMax will finish the race and win the grand prize of two million U.S. dollars.8. The obstacles on the Fontana qualification course are made to resemble the ______ .9. The only motorcycle robot in the qualifications is ______ .10. The only vehicle that didn't hit an obstacle in the trial runs is ______ .Part ⅢListening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear B short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.11. [A] He'll be speaking at the end of the meeting.[B] He was supposed to speak last night instead.[C] He suddenly decided not to speak.[D] He already spoke very briefly tonight.12. [A] It's too high.[B] It's acceptable.[C] It's cheap indeed.[D] The woman should have bargained for it.13. [A] At two o'clock.[B] At three o'clock.[C] At four o'clock.[D] At five o'clock.14. [A] Shop assistant and customer.[B] Post clerk and customer.[C] Store keeper and customer.[D] Waitress and customer.15. [A] His girlfriend complained of his going to the party without her.[B] He was together with his girlfriend yesterday.[C] He has been busy dating his girlfriend these days.[D] He brought his girlfriend to the party.16. [A] She regretted having bought the second-hand car.[B] It is unnecessary to rent another house.[C] They should sell their second-hand car and buy a new one.[D] They can afford a second-hand car.17. [A] She loves the film too.[B] She doesn't think much of the film.[C] She asks the man to repeat his words.[D] Ifs not as good as she expected.18. [A] Go out with his wife.[C] Stay at home with his wife.[D] Go out with his boss.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] It's hereditary.[B] The shampoo he used caused it[C] He combs his hair too much.[D] He is old enough to lose hair.20. [A] Use some special shampoo.[B] Wear a wig.[C] Don't try to comb hair over the bald or thin patch.[D] Go to the doctor for advice.21. [A] Over the radio.[B] At a doctor's office.[C] At the man's house.[D] At a drug store.22. [A] It suits him.[B] It looks ridiculous.[C] It looks old.[D] It's getting worse.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] Once a week.[B] Three every month.[C] Five every month.[D] Two every month.24. [A] When there are more than twelve people.[B] When there are five people.[C] When there are fifteen people.[D] When there are more than fifteen people.25. [A] Call the office.[B] Sign your name on the notice board in advance.[C] Pay the money.[D] There is no need to reserve a place.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] Because it isn't closed.[B] Because the students have to pass all examinations before entering it.[C] Because there is no examination before they are accepted as students.[D] Because its door is open.27. [A] At the airport.[B] By plane.[D] On radio and TV.28. [A] Four.[B] Eight.[C] Three.[D] Five.29. [A] In four or five years.[B] In one year.[C] In three or four years.[D] In 36 weeks.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. [A] A new way to take notes.[B] A short name for survey reading method.[C] The five steps in the reading process.[D] Different ways to study for examinations.31. [A] That one should think about the ideas while reading the words.[B] That one should always take notes.[C] That one should read only the title and important words.[D] That one should read sequences of words.32. [A] Read.[B] Recite.[C] Review.[D] Reread.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] V acations.[B] Wages.[C] Overcrowded classrooms.[D] Paid sick leaves.34. [A] They want the teachers to resign.[B] They want the teachers to return to work.[C] They are very sympathetic toward the strike.[D] They are refusing to comment on the situation.35. [A] Parent Board.[B] District Court.[C] Teachers' Union.[D] School Committee.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.There are 17 kinds of penguins in the world. All of them live in the southern (36) . Only a few (37)about 100 (38) tall and weigh about 30 kilograms. Their special (39) of mating makes them different from all other penguins.For thousands of years the emperor penguins have lived on the (40) continent of Antarctica. These black and white birds live in large groups or colonies. There are about 40 emperor penguin colonies on Antarctica. In total there are about 400,000 birds.These birds spend the summer swimming in the ocean in (41) of food such as fish and (42) . Penguins are not able to fly, but they are (43) swimmers. (44) . But when summer ends, so does this easy time spent by the water. (45) .(46) . They must find an area with some shelter from the freezing winds.Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections:In this part there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the staements in the fewest possible words. Write your answers in the spaces provided on Answer Sheet 2.Culture shock is so named because of the effect it has on people when they enter a new culture. Experts have been interested in these effects and have agreed on five basic stages of culture shock. These stages are general and should only be used as a reference. Not every individual will go through each stage, and one stage may last longer than another for different individuals.The hardest thing for most travelers to deal with is the emotional "roller coaster" they seem to be riding. One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture, and the next moment very negative. It seems common that international visitors and immigrants vacillate (犹豫不定) between loving and hating a new country. Feelings of separation and alienation can be intensified if they do not have a sense of fitting in or belonging.Fatigue is another problem people face when entering a new culture. There can be a sense of a greater need for sleep. This is due not only to physical tiredness, but also to mental fatigue. This mental fatigue comes from straining to comprehend the language, and coping with new situations.The impact of culture shock can vary from person to person. There can be significant differences because some people may be better prepared to enter a new culture. Four factors which play into these are personality, language ability, length of stay, and the emotional support received.It is logical to think that when people are deprived of their familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented. One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home. Pictures, wall hangings, favorite utensils, and keepsakes (纪念品) are all good candidates to make things feel more familiar. Another helpful activity is to establish little routines that become familiar over time. Even better is fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the routine established in the new culture. This will make people feel more at home.47. According to the 1st paragraph, experts have interests in ______ .48. Emotional "roller coaster" refers to ______ .49. When entering a new culture, the problems people face are ______ .50. Coping with new situations may result in ______ .51. According to the author, the more effective way to solve "cultural shock" is ______ .Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneSixteen years ago, Eileen Doyle's husband, an engineer, took his four children up for an early morning cup ofThey had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, there had been nothing wrong with their marriage.Every day of the year, a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and without so much as a note or a good-bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, their worries and their confused families behind them.Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women were reported missing from home---the highest in 15 years. Many did return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity.To those left behind this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self-confidence. Even the finality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection or failure. Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes most departures of this kind to be well planned rather than impulsive. "It's typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore other people's pain and difficulties. Running away, like killing yourself, is a highly aggressive act. By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty, upset and empty."The Salvation Army's Investigation Department has a 70 percent success rate in tracking missing people down. According to Lt. Co. Bramwell Pratt, head of the department, men and women run away for very different reasons though lack of communication is often the biggest motive. "The things that disturb a mall's personality are problems like being tied up in debt or serious worries about work. And some women make impossible demands on their husbands. Women usually leave for more obvious reasons but fear is at the root of it. Men are more often prepared to give their marriage another try than women, but we are aware that, for some wives, it would be a total impossibility to return after the way they've been treated."52. When her husband left home, Eileen Doyle ______ .[A] could not forgive him for taking the children[B] had been expecting it to happen for some time[C] could not understand why[D] blamed herself for what had happened53. Most people who leave their families behind them ______ .[A] do so without warning[B] do so because of their debts[C] come back immediately[D] change their names54. The man or woman left behind usually ______ .[A] admits responsibility for the situation[B] wishes the person who has left were dead[C] feels embarrassed and useless[D] will have no legal marriage life for seven years55. Paul Brown regards leaving home in such circumstances as ______ .[A] an act of despair[B] an act of selfishness[C] the result of a sudden decision[D] the result of the enormous sense of guilt56. The Salvation Army believes that ______ .[A] most men run away because of the impossible demands of their wives[B] men's reasons are more understandable than women's[D] women are often afraid to start marriage againPassage TwoThe English have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed some attitudes and habits distinguishing him from other nationalities.Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, and reserved person among people, he knows well. Before strangers he often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness a railway compartment any morning or evening to see the truth. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing (打盹) in a comer, and no one speaks. An English wit once suggested to overseas visitors, "On entering a railway compartment shake hands with all the passengers." Needless to say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior, which, if broken, makes the person immediately the object of suspicion.It is well known that the English seldom show openly extremes of enthusiasm, emotion etc. Of course, an Englishman feels no less than any other nationality. Imagine a man commenting on the great beauty, of a young girl. A man of more emotional temperament might describe her as "a marvelous jewel", while the Englishman will flatly state "Um, she's all right." An Englishman may recommend a highly successful and enjoyable film to friends by commenting, "It's not bad." The overseas visitors must not be disappointed by this apparent lack of interest. They must realize that; "all right", "not bad" are very often used with the sense of "first class", "excellent". This special use of language is particularly common in English.57. One explanation for the different character of English people is that ______ .[A] they are geographically isolated from the European continent[B] they have nothing to do with the other Europeans[C] they like to keep quiet among their acquaintances[D] they tend to be reserved by nature58. The word "inhibited" (Line 2, Para. 2) in this passage probably means ______ .[A] unable to have good manners[B] unable to express and relax freely[C] able to act properly[D] able to talk freely59. According to the passage, on entering a railway compartment, an overseas visitor is expected to ______ .[A] inquire about the code of behavior in the train[B] shake hands with all the passengers[C] shake hands with the person he knows[D] behave like an Englishman60. The English way of commenting on something or somebody suggests that ______ .[A] the English are modest in most circumstances[B] the English feel no less than any other nationality[C] the English tend to display less emotion than they feel[D] the English don't take a strong interest in making comment61. What does the passage mainly discuss?[A] The differences between the English and the other Europeans.[B] The different character of the Englishman and its reason.[C] The reasons for English people's shyness.[D] The code of behavior of the nationalities in Europe.Part ⅤCloze[C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor: you must be able to (62) the attention and interest of your students; you must be a (63) speaker, with a good, strong, (64) voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to (65) what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear.(66) a good teacher and you will see that he does not sit still (67) his class: he stands the whole time when he is teaching; he walks about, using his (68) , hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will (69) the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always (70) according to what he is (71) about. The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn't (72) that he will indeed be able to act (73) on the stage, for there are very important (74) between the teacher's work and the actor's. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the (75) words each time he plays a certain part; (76) his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually (77) beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem (78) on the stage.A good teacher (79) in quite a different way. His students take an active part in his (80) they ask and answer questions; they obey orders; and if they don't understand something, they will say so. The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his students. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must (81) it as he goes along.62. [A] pay[B] hold[C] give[D] know63. [A] clear[B] slow[C] quick[D] loud64. [A] frightening[B] fearing[C] exciting[D] pleasing65. [A] act[B] talk[C] say[D] repeat66. [A] Listen[B] Look[C] Watch[D] Observe67. [A] for[B] before[C] behind[D] with68. [A] tongue[B] words[C] sound69. [A] hear[B] see[C] think[D] guess70. [A] making[B] changing[C] expressing[D] giving71. [A] talking[B] thinking[C] hearing[D] saying72. [A] tell[B] express[C] show[D] mean73. [A] good[B] badly[C] well[D] actively74. [A] things[B] differences[C] points[D] jobs75. [A] different[B] same[C] above[D] following76. [A] just[B] never[C] ever[D] even77. [A] read[B] known[C] fixed[D] written78. [A] natural[B] real[C] false[D] clear79. [A] is[B] works[C] has[D] teaches80. [A] group[C] class[D] play81. [A] invent[B] discover[C] teach[D] continuePart ⅥTranslationDirections: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.82. We offer a range of beverage, __________ (从矿泉水到酒精饮料都有).83. There is a drinks reception on in Boston __________ (为欢迎所有与会者).84. If you eat cookies or other fattening snacks between meals, __________ (你会变胖的)!85. Too often we believe what accounts for other's success is some special secret or a lucky break, __________ (但成功却很少如何神秘).86. Any kind of exercise will do well to the heart, (只要它能加速心跳).大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷二答案详解Part ⅠWritingShould Parents Be Responsible for Children's Crimes?Nowadays there are more and more crimes committed by the young, which 'becomes the main concern of the public. However, those youngsters are not morally responsible for what they did. On the contrary, their parents should take the responsibility for what could be prevented in advance.The soundest reason is that children are supervised not only by school but also by their parents. No matter how we blame the children, they have limited awareness of knowing what should be done and what should not. For parents, however, they are not free from the duty endowed by the society to ensure that their children are mentally healthy. Moreover, it's parents' inevitable duty to let children know about legal issues and right behaviors.Parents who don't do their duty well should receive the same punishment as their children because it is their irresponsibility in educating that ruins the children's future. Other parents can learn from those cases, and educate their children to behave well in an effective way.One thing is sure that parents are responsible for their children's crimes.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning}1．N 本题考查文章的大意，可在做完后面9题后再解答。
Model Test 试题解析 (10)
试题解析Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A1. W: I hear you’ve got a new job. Do you like it?M: Sure. The salary is good.Q: Why does the man like the new job?【答案】D【解析】事实细节题。
女士问：我听说你找了份新工作，你喜欢这份新工作吗？男士说：当然，薪水很丰厚。
可知选项D为正确答案。
2. M: Mary, can you help me copy some papers?W: Sure, but where is the copy room. I’m new here.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?【答案】A【解析】事实细节题。
男士询问玛丽是否可以帮他复印一些文件。
女士回答当然可以，但是不知道复印室在哪，她是新来的。
可知选项A为正确答案。
3. W: What can I do for you, Sir?M: I’d like to ask about flights to London.Q: What does the man want to know?【答案】C【解析】事实细节题。
女士询问男士需要什么帮助。
男士回答想了解飞往伦敦的航班。
可知选项C为正确答案。
4. W: I want to buy a new car, but I’m not sure what model I need.M: Well, we have a large selection and I can show you around.Q: What will the man do?【答案】B【解析】事实细节题。
女士说她想买辆新车，但是不知道需要购买哪种型号。
男士说他们有很多种选择，可以带她参观一下。
可知选项B为正确答案。
sklearn十折交叉验证法 模型评估
sklearn十折交叉验证法模型评估一、介绍在机器学习领域中，模型评估是非常重要的一部分。
为了准确评估模型的性能，我们需要使用一种可靠的评估方法。
其中，十折交叉验证法是一种常用且有效的模型评估方法。
本文将详细介绍什么是十折交叉验证法，以及如何使用scikit-learn （sklearn）库来进行模型评估。
二、什么是十折交叉验证法十折交叉验证法（10-fold cross-validation）是一种常用的模型评估方法，它将原始数据集分成10个大小相等的子集，其中9个子集被用作训练数据，剩下的1个子集被用作测试数据。
然后，我们将模型在每个子集上进行训练和测试，最终得到10个模型的评估结果。
最后，通过求取这10个模型评估结果的平均值，来评估整个模型的性能。
使用十折交叉验证法进行模型评估有以下优点： - 在每一轮中，都会用到所有的训练数据和测试数据，从而最大程度上利用了数据集。
- 可以减小模型评估结果的方差，提高评估结果的稳定性。
- 可以更好地估计模型在未知数据上的性能。
scikit-learn（sklearn）是Python中一个广泛使用的用于机器学习的库，它提供了丰富的模型评估方法和工具。
我们可以使用sklearn库中的交叉验证模块来实现十折交叉验证。
三、使用sklearn进行十折交叉验证在使用sklearn进行十折交叉验证之前，我们首先需要准备好数据集和模型。
下面将分为三个步骤进行说明。
3.1 准备数据集首先，我们需要准备一个数据集用于模型评估。
我们可以使用sklearn自带的数据集，也可以使用自己的数据集。
这里以鸢尾花数据集（iris）为例进行说明。
from sklearn import datasets# 加载鸢尾花数据集iris = datasets.load_iris()X = iris.datay = iris.target3.2 定义模型然后，我们需要选择一个合适的模型作为我们的评估对象。
Model Test9听力原文及答案
Model Test 9Section A1. M: Liz took a taxi to her office today.W: Yes. Her friend Ted usually drives her to the office but now he is out of town on business.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?2. W: Joe suggested going to the party.M:Whatever he suggested is fine with me. Q:What will the man probably do?3. M: Jan's husband is certainly easy going and friendly.W: Yes, the exact opposite of her father.Q: What is Jan's father like?4. W: Do you happen to know how to call New York from here?M: I've no idea, I'm afraid. Why don't you ask Helen?Q: What does the man imply about Helen?5. W: I was surprised to see you and your family at the Shopping Mall yesterday.M: Our junior school closed down because flu broke out.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?6. W: I hope you like the novel I lent you. I wasn't sure whether it was the kind of bookyou would be interested in. M: You know, I had the same doubt at first. But once I started I simply couldn't put it down.Q: What does the man mean?7. M: Wasn't it terrific?W: Well, the music was enjoyable, but the story didn't make much sense to me. I still prefer traditional drama with strong characters and an exciting plot. Q: What does the woman think of the play?8. W: Your exam is over, isn't it? Why aren't you cheerful?M: Oh, I don't know. It isn't that the questions were too hard, but I always feel uneasy when the exam doesn't seem to have much to do with the book Q:What was the man's opinion of the exam?Now you will hear two long conversations.Conversation OneM: Well, Claudia, how is your first day on campus working out?Wi: Actually I'm overwhelmed. This campus is too large. I am not really sure how to get around it. How about you? M: Yeah, I'm having the same problem. That's why we should leave a bit earlier to get toour biology class on time. W, : That sounds like a good plan to me! It's 9 : 30 right now. I think our class starts at10 i 00 a. m.M: Actually it starts at 10 : 15 a. m. The schedule says the class is at the Darwin Building, but I can't seem to find on the map. Wi: Why don't you ask that woman sitting on the bench? M; All right,it can't hurt to ask. (To another woman. )M: Excuse me, Miss. Could you tell us how to get to Darwin Building?W2: Darwin Building? Oh yes,I remember... Do you see that building to our right there? That's the East Dormitory. Next to it is the Science Library. Just follow the path between those two buildings until you reach the other side. Then take the left-hand path and follow it to the end.It leads straight to the Darwin Building.M: Let me say, after we pass between the Dorm and the Library, we follow the path to the left until the end of the road,then we should be there,right?W2: Yes, that's it.M: Thank you very much, indeed.W2: You are welcome.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. What is their first impression of the campus?10.What are the two students doing?11.How many minutes were left to them before the biology class began?Conversation TwoM: So you're going to be writing for the school newspaper?W: Yes, I'm excited about it. I'm thinking about journalism as a career.M: Oh! Congratulations! How do they decide whom to hire?W: I have to send the writing sample. I used one of the essays I've written for the literature class, then the editor assigned me a topic to write a short article about it. M: What did you write about? W: Actually, it was a lot of fun. I wrote about the students' play that has been performing this month.M: Oh, I saw that play. The director is a friend of mine. It really called in a stir around here.W: Yeah, I know. That's what I wrote about—People's reaction to it. It's really interesting.M: Have you finished the article? Can I read it?W: Sure. I just made a couple of copies. So you can have one.M: Thanks. I wish I were a better writer. Working for the paper sounds like lots of fun. W: Well, they're looking to add one or two photographs to the staff. If you want we could walk over to the newspaper office and I'll introduce you to the photography editor. M; That will be terrific! But can we go tomorrow?W; Sure. Or maybe you should call and set up a time to meet tomorrow. M:Good idea. I'll do that before I go to class. W; All right. See you tomorrow.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.What are the speakers mainly discussing?13.What was the topic of the woman's article?14.What job is the man going to apply for?15.What will the woman do tomorrow?Section BPassage OneHow much living space does a person need? What happens when his space requiremerits are not adequately met? Sociologists and psychologists are conducting experiments on rats to try to determine the effects of overcrowded conditions on man. Recent studies have shown that thebehavior of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have adequate living space,they eat well,sleep well,and reproduce well.However if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior patterns and e-ven their health perceptibly change. They cannot sleep and eat well, and signs of fear and tension become obvious. The more crowded they are, the more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other. Thus for rats, population and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well? Is adequate space not only desirable, but essential for human survival? Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.For what purpose did the scientists conduct the experiments on rats?17.When the rats become over-crowded, which one of the behavior patterns is not shown in theexperiment?18.What did the experiments prove?Passage TwoColumbus sailed from Spain in September 1492, looking for gold. Native Americans greeted him, offering gifts of corn. Columbus found little gold on that trip,but he collected many plants,including corn to bring back to Spain. Columbus didn't know it. But the corn was much more valuable than gold. Farmers from Europe to Asia accepted it immediately. They grew it on cold mountain sides and in tropical forest. Today it feeds millions of people all over the world. On his second trip, Columbus brought back a bag of chocolate beans to make chocolate. Europeans and Asians loved this new drink,and soon they were paying a great deal of money for the beans.Chocolate beans became so valuable in Central America that they were used as cash for 200 years. Tomatoes and potatoes took some time to become popular. Eventually, however, they became the basis of a lot of popular food. It is hard to imagine life without fried potatoes and chocolate. Thanks to native American cultures, many people are able to enjoy lots of tasty food. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.Why is corn feeding millions of people today?20.What did Columbus bring back on his second trip?21.What was the result of Columbus' two trips to America?Passage ThreeIn its early years, the Children's Book Show was intended mainly for teachers and librarians. As it became more widely known.and successful, more and more family and school parties began to come so that it grew into a real children's book show and a show with a double purpose. For years it was held in various halls in London. In answer to enthusiastic invitations to bring it to different parts of the country, the decision was taken to move outside the capital. One year it was held in Leeds, then in Bristol as well as in London, and now it comes to Glasgow. This year's show will again interest both the general public and specialists. Admission will be free, but school parties must be booked in advance. In a large room near the entrance there will be a self-service bookshop where every book on show will be for sale.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.What are the books in the exhibition intended for?23.Who was the show intended for in its early years?24.What caused the book show to grow?25.What must parties of school children do this year?Section CHave you had a headache recently? The pain can be (26) temporary, mild and cured by a simple painkiller like aspirin. Or, it can be (27) severe.More than forty five (28) million people in the United States suffer chronic(fj|'|4l^J) headaches. The US Headache Consortium is a group with seven member (29) organizations. They are (30) attempting to improve treatment of one kind of headache—the mi-graine(j^^'H:'i^^tc^). Some people experience this kind of pain as often as two weeks every month. About seventy percent of migraine (31) sufferers are women.Some people (32) describe the pain as similar to a repeated beat. Others compare it to someone driving a sharp (33) object into the head. Some people take medicine every day to prevent or ease migraine headaches. (34) Others use medicine to control pain already developed. Doctors treating migraine sufferers often order medicines from a group of certain drugs. (35) Most migraines react at least partly to existing medicine. And most people can use existing medicine without experiencing bad effects. (36) Doctors sometimes use caffeine to treat migraine headaches. Interestingly, caffeine also can cause some migraines.Model Test 91-5 DDBCC 6-10 ACBBC 11-15 CCBCD 16-20 BCDDD 21-25 BDADC 26. temporary 27. severe 28. million 29. organizations 30. attempting 31. sufferers 32. describe 33. object34. Others use medicine to control pain already developed35. Most migraines react at least partly to existing medicine36. Doctors sometimes use caffeine to treat migraine headaches。
TEST EQUIPMENT Model MM10数字多功能电测仪说明书
ModelMM10Digital MultimeterMeasures DC /AC Voltage, DC Current and Resistance, Overload Protection Model MM10 Digital Multimeter is ideal for general electricaltesting and troubleshooting. This full function multimeter measures DC and AC voltage to 600 V, DC current to 10 A and resistance to 20 MΩ. In addition to volts, amps and ohms, this meter includes audible continuity, diode, LED and transistor hFE tests. The 3-1/2 digit LCD features automatic polarity correction, low battery and overload indication. Rugged, high impact case comes equipped with built-in tilt-stand for versatile, hands-free operation. Overload protected to 600 VAC/600 VDC for voltage ranges and to 500 VAC/500 VDC for resistance, diode and continuity test ranges. Current ranges are protected by 0.5A/250V, replaceable fuse. Multimeter is furnished with 22˝ test leads, 9 V battery and instruction manual.DC VOLTAGERanges:2 V, 20 V, 200 V, 600 V.Resolution: 1 mV, 10 mV, 100 mV, 1 V.Accuracy:2V: ±(0.5% + 1 digit); 20 to600V: ±(1.5% + 1 digit).AC VOLTAGERanges: 200 V, 600 V.Resolution: 100 mV, 1V.Accuracy:200V: ±(2% + 3 digits);600V: ±(2.5% + 3 digits).RESISTANCERanges: 200 Ω, 2 kΩ, 20 kΩ, 200 kΩ, 2MΩ, 20 MΩ.Accuracy: 200 Ω: ±(2% + 2 digits); 2kΩ to 2 MΩ: ±(1.5% + 2 digits); 20 MΩ:±(2.5% + 2 digits).DC CURRENTRanges: 2 mA, 20 mA, 200 mA, 10 A.Resolution: 1 µA, 10 µA, 100 µA, 10mA.Accuracy: 2 to 200 mA: ±(1.5% + 1digit); 10A: ±(2% + 1 digit).Range: < 30 Ω.Resolution:0.1 Ω.DIODE TESTResolution: 1 mV.Test Current:1 mA.TRANSISTOR (hFE) TESTType:NPN, PNP.Range: 0-1000.LED TESTTest Voltage:< 3 V.Range: 1.5 - 3 V.GENERALDisplay: 3-1/2 digit LCD with amaximum reading of 1999.Sampling Rate: 2.5 times per second.Ambient Operating Temperature: 32to 104°F (0 to 40°C), 0 to 80% RH.Storage Temperature: 14 to 140°F(-10 to 60°C), 0 to 80% RH.Power Requirements: 9 V alkalinebattery, installed functional, userreplaceable .Battery Life:150 hrs. approx.Model MM10, Digital Multimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$19.99。
计算flops代码 python tensorflow
计算flops代码 python tensorflowFLOPs（浮点运算次数）是衡量深度学习模型计算复杂度的重要指标。
在TensorFlow 中，可以使用tf.profiler模块来计算模型的FLOPs。
以下是一个简单的示例代码，演示如何使用TensorFlow计算模型的FLOPs：pythonimport tensorflow as tf//定义一个简单的模型model = tf.keras.Sequential([yers.Dense(64, activation='relu', input_shape=(784,)),yers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')])//编译模型pile(optimizer='adam',loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',metrics=['accuracy'])//加载MNIST数据集并进行训练(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = tf.keras.datasets.mnist.load_data() x_train = x_train.reshape(-1, 784).astype('float32') / 255x_test = x_test.reshape(-1, 784).astype('float32') / 255y_train = tf.keras.utils.to_categorical(y_train, 10)y_test = tf.keras.utils.to_categorical(y_test, 10)model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=5, validation_data=(x_test, y_test)) //计算模型的FLOPsflops = tf.profiler.profile(graph=model.make_callable(x_test[0:10]),options=tf.profiler.ProfileOptionBuilder.float_operation())print('FLOPs: ', flops.total_float_ops)在这个示例中，我们首先定义了一个简单的全连接神经网络模型，并使用tf.profiler 模块计算了模型在输入数据上的FLOPs。
黄皮练习册答案1-5(1)
Model Test 1Part II Skimming and scanning1-7 CBACDAB8. troubles 9. handling parental conflicts 10. threateningPart III Listening Comprehension11-20. DDCCB CCBAC21-30 ADACB ABBCD31-35 BCAAB36. accurate 37. predict 38. identifying 39. significant40. greater 41. attitude 42. contact 43. positive44. A good ear and the ability to imitate help, but are far less significant than the other threefactors.45. the sex of the student and the personality--- whether the learner is outgoing or shy.46. Therefore, we have considerable influence over our own progress with pronunciation.Part IV Reading in Depth47-56 FGJEA ONBHL57-66 BBDCA CDABCPart V Cloze67-76CABBA DCAAC77-86BBDAA DBBBAPart VI Translation87. On behalf of the staff/On the staff’s behalf88. that the plan (should) be carried out immediately89. for which I have to thank you90. than lose contact/touch with you91. unless you have made up your mindModel Test 2Part II Skimming and scanning1-7 CABACBD8. parent bonding and the childhood development 9. well-to-do 10. the United StatesPart III Listening Comprehension11-20 BCBDD DBCAA21-30 BCCCD CCBCC31-35 ADDCA36. essential 37. amazing 38. enables 39. Discovering40. preserves 41. pursuits 42. apologizes 43. compromised44. All the rest of us must accept the responsibility to make an effort to remember things.45. Students and faculty should understand that a good education involves an emphasis on understanding rather than sheer memorization.46. If you want to retain what you learn, you must spread out the learning processPart IV. Reading in Depth47-56KCOIA DFNJG57-66DDCBA CDACBPart V Cloze67-76 BCABA DBBAC77-86 BCAAC BBCDDPart VI Translation87. would have bought the ring without any hesitation88. whether (it is) heated or not89. having been canceled because of the bad weather90. a movie (that is) worth watching91. will have been out of breathModel Test 3Part II Skimming and scanning1-7 BACDDBD8. the Central and South Florida Project 9. wading birds 10. Southeast AsiaPart III Listening Comprehension11-20 CCBDA BDBAA21-30 CDACA ABDAD31-35 CCBAC36. adults 37. value 38. traditionally 39. additional40. Modern 41. purpose 42. similar 43. formed44. Usually each group was studying the same thing, so the word “college” came to mean onearea of study.45. They were seen as different from subjects that were considered more useful in everydaylife.46. The first American universities divided their studies into many areas and called each one acollege.Part IV Reading in Depth47-56 BGNOI LAKEC57-66 BCDCA ADACBPart V Cloze67-76 DBACD BAACD77-86 CBCCA BDDCAPart VI Translation87. for fear of losing her temper88. whether/if you are for or against the plan89. It was not until the second year that he adapted90. are facing the problem of lack of water resource91. (that) the article were publishedModel Test 4Part II Skimming and scanning1-7 CAACBDD8. computer power 9. America’s economy/America 10. the model of joint businessPart III Listening Comprehension11-20 CBBDD ADADC21-30 ABDCB ACCAC31-35 BBDCC36. continuously 37. noted 38. commented 39. exhausted40. Previously 41. species 42. Furthermore 43. alarming44. fish are a much more needed food resource, and people throughout the world depend on fishas an important part of their diet.45. annually harvest 20 billion pounds of fish to satisfy food demand, but the world needs torecognize that these practices cannot continue.46. Unlike the scholars in the nineteenth century, we now know that food supplies in the seacannot last forever.Part IV Reading in Depth47-56 HNAID LBJOE57-66 CBDAB CCDBAPart V Cloze67-76 CBDCA CADBA77-86 BABCD CCBDCPart VI Translation87. herself to caring for the poor88. so as to gain weight89. which has done me a lot of good90. think twice before signing the contract91. no one has received more praiseModel Test 5Part II Skimming and scanning1-7 CBBDACD8. a few weeks or months 9. the medical conference 10. valuable learning experiences Part III Listening Comprehension11-20 BBCDC ABAAB21-30 CDBCA CABCA31-35 BCCAB36. joint-ventures 37. executive’s 38. ordinary 39. undoubtedly40. benefits 41. derived 42. inspires 43. principle44. while it is true that the income gap may stimulate the social development to some extent45. neither contribute to the stability of a country nor promote its economic development46. we should tolerate the narrow income gap but narrow the wide onePart IV Reading in Depth47-56 MOIFH KCDBL57-66 BCBCA DBAACPart V Cloze67-76 BACDA CCDBA77-86 CDADC CABCCPart VI Translation87. must be some traffic accident ahead88. The more you argue with him89. attributed the loss to their coach90. no matter what color the student’s skin is91. can’t be overemphasized/can’t be emphasized too much。
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Model Test TenDirections: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections.Section ADirection ： This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both the dialoguesand questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decide on thecorrect answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper. Then youshould mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A. The woman is concerned about the color choice.B. The woman doesn 't care which color is chosen.C. The man has chosen a nice color.D. The woman 's choice is different from the man 's.2. A. A waiter B. A salesman3. A. To unlock her carC. Her house needs another lock4. A. Sally wouldn 't call the man againB. Sally didn 't callC. Sally would call next time she came to townD. Sally hoped to come for dinner next time she came to town5. A. Next Tuesday B. Next Thursday C. Next Wednesday D. Next Friday Section BDirection ： This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 2recorded conversations in it. After each conversation, there are some recorded questions. Boththe conversations and questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you shoulddecide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your testpaper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Conversation 1Conversation 2 8. A. She is too much worried about her business.B. She is short of money.C. She has no time to take a vacation.D. She is always having a headache.9. A. To sleep more and not think about her job.B. To take the medicine regularly.C. To do more exercise everyday.Part IListening ComprehensionC. A managerD. Areceptionist B. Her keys are broken D. Her back door lock doesn 't work well 6. A. 1kilo 7. A. One B. 2 kilos B. Two C. 3 kilos C. Three D. 4 kilos D. FourD. To take a vacati on or cha nge her job.10. A. Kill herselfC. Make herself happy Section CDirection : This section is to test your ability to comprehend short passages .You will hear arecorded p assage. After that you will hear five questi ons . Both the p assage and the questions will be read two times. When you hear a questi on, you should compi ete the an swer to itwith a word or a short phrase (in not more than 3 words ). The questions and incompiete answersare printed in your test paper. You should write your an swers on the An swer Sheet correspondin gly. Now liste n to the p assage.11. Looking for __________________________________________________________________________ .12. Working at ___________________________________________________________________________ .13. At a _________________________________________________________________________________ .14. _______________________________________________________________________________________ .15. _______________________________________________________________________________________ .Directions: This part is to test your ability to con struct grammatically correct senten ces.It con sists of 2 sect ions. Section ADirection: In this sect ion there are 10 incompi ete senten ces. You are required to compi eteeach one by decid ing on the most approp riate an swer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe cen ter.16. Albert is fond of light music,A. whe nB. and 17. Only one of the musicia ns we in vited to the concert did nA. aroundB. overC. off18. Because of the Theory of Relativity, scie ntists no Ion ger regarded the world .A. as did they beforeB. as they before didC. as they did beforeD. as before did they19. It was 3 years ago _______ he went to teach in the mountains, and we have never seen himsince the n.do it myself tha n try to p ersuade others.B. Relax herself D. Make herselfPart nVocabulary & Structure his brother is kee n on rock and roll. D. for'show _D. up D. afterA. whe nB. beforeC. that 20. Had I known the result, I _____ you to tell me.A. would not askB. had not askedC. would not have askedD. have not asked21. Miss Woods is the doctor of the nearby hospital, _____ the professor of a medical school aswell.A. andB. butC. orD. then22.A. I ' betterB. I ' ratherC. I ' likeD. I 'e better23. He ______ have missed the first bus, or he _____ be here so early.A. needn ', shouldn 'B. couldn ', can 'C. shouldn ' mayn 'D. mustn ', wouldn '24. The government is determined to carry ______ the new policy of developing industry in thebackward regi ons.A. offB. onC. upD. out25. Enclosed you _______ an application form that you are asked to fill out.A. will findB. findC. foundD. are findingSection BDirection: There are also 10 incompi ete stateme nts here. You should fill in each bla nk with the proper form of the words give n in the brackets. Write your an swers in the corres ponding space on the An swer Sheet.26. If ______ (keep) in the fridge, the vegetable can remain fresh for more than a week.27. His French is even ______ (bad) than mine.28. The country now has 15 factories _____ (p roduce) TV sets, with an ann ual out put of 40.000sets.29. She got to know that the Earth30. Professor Smith has fini shed31. With such a short time _ experime nt.32. Listen! Who ________ (cry) over there?33. It 'no use _______ (read) without un dersta nding.34. The room is in a mess. Toys and books ______ (scatter) all over the floor.35. The professor suggested that we ______ (study) more English before entering the university. Part III Reading Comp rehension (40 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your readi ng ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the readi ng materials carefully and do the tasks as you are in structed.Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished stateme nts, numbered 36 to 40. for each questi on or stateme nt there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). you should make the correct choice and mark the corres ponding letter on the An swer Sheet with a sin gle line through the cen ter.There is a wides pread belief that people who get on in life may be successful not because they deserve it, but because of in flue ntial friends or the right backgro und. Sometimes it may just be a comforti ng and harmless belief, while at the other extreme it can be very destructive. I once met a brilliant young engineer who worked in a chemical plant. Because of her knowledge and exp erie nee, she should have bee n p romoted to P roductio n Man ager. I nstead, the job went to a man who was totally un suited for the po st. Everyone knew that he only got it because he was p olitically acceptable to his superiors. This injustice demoralized the young engineer and many of her colleagues. It also mea nt that the factory was much less efficie nt tha n it could have bee n. All the same, we should not be pessimistic. More and more, the modem world depends on having people who are in the job because they are good enough, not just because heir face fits. There is a story of a factory owner who __ (move) around the sun at the age of 3. — (correct) the stude nts’pap ers. (leave), it' impossible for us to finish this complicatedsent for an engineer to see to a machine which would not go. He examined it, then took out a hammer and tapped it, once. The machine started up immediately.When he presented his bill, the owner protested, “This can't be fight! 100 pounds just for tapping amachine with a hammer? ” The engineer wrote out a new bill: “ For tappipnoguandm; achine, 1for knowing where to tap it, 99 pounds. ”36.It is believed that some people have succeeded in life because .A)they feel superior to othersB)they are both influential and powerfulC)they have some special advantageD) they have a poor background37.The engineer at the chemical plant was not promoted because .A)it is more difficult for a woman to get a promotion that for her male colleaguesB)her boss did not think she had the right qualifications for the jobC)the man who got the promotion was more experienced that she wasD)her bosses did not approve of her political views and opinions38.The engineer who repaired the machine was right to charge 100 pounds becauseA)he was the only person who could find out what was wrong with itB)the factory owner could not have repaired it himselfC)he hit the machine to get it started againD)he was charging for his knowledge and expert skills39.The author's attitude towards the widespread belief is .A)positive B) negative C) neutral D) sympathetic40.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A)Having influential friends or right background seems helpful sometimesB)The engineer had good reason to overcharge the factory owner.C)Not all those who are good in their jobs have the chance to be promoted.D)Those who are good in their job are still largely needed by the modern society.Task 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 to 45. Tests conducted at the University of Pennsylvania 's Psychological Laboratory showed that anger is one of the most difficult emotions to detect from facial expression. Professor Dallas E. Buzby showed 716 students pictures of extremely angry persons, and asked them to identify the emotion from the facial expression. Only two percent made correct judgments. Anger was most frequently judged as "pleased". And a typical reaction of a student seeing the picture of a man who was very angry was to classify his expression as either "puzzled" or simply "astonished." Other studies showed that it is extremely difficult to tell whether a man is angry or not just by looking at his face.The investigators found further that women are better at detecting anger from facial expression than men are. Surprisingly, they also found that psychological training does not sharpen one's ability to judge a man' s emotions by his expressions but appears actually to slow it down. For in the university tests, the more courses the student had taken in psychology, the poorer judgment scores he turned in.41.The main information in this passage centers around _____ .A)the relation between anger and other emotionsB)the detection of anger from facial expressionC)the differences between men and women with respect to emotionD)the influence of psychology on one' s emotion42.From the passage we know that _________ .A)anger is difficult to detect by looking at a person's faceB)anger is often mixed with other emotionsC)men may get angry more easilyD)anger can be detected by a psychologically trained person43.Students with psychological training who were tested ____A)marked less than two percent of their possible choices correctlyB)were less able to judge correctly than the average studentC)did better than the average student in the groupD)did as well as the women students44.To achieve the greatest success in detecting anger from facial expression, it would be best toA)use adults rather than students as judgesB)ask women in fields other than psychology to judgeC)ask women rather than men to judgeD)ask psychologists to judge45.The word "sharpen" is closest in meaning to ______ .A)mireB)help developC)weakenD)help estimateTask 3Directions: The following is a a letter recommending a product. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it (No. 46 to No. 50 ). You should write your answers briefly ( in no more than 3 words) on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.Dear Ms. Li,Thank you very much for allowing us to recommend our PRN Air Conditioning System. After thoroughly analyzing your company ' s engineering resq, uwireembeelinetve that you willfind this proposed PRN system satisfactory. It will provide the maximum return on your investment dollar. In addition, the PRC system protects you against obsolescence ( 过时 ) in the near future - if your business continues to experience the normal growth you have experienced in the last few years - because the equipment PRN proposes to install is a modular ( 模块的 ) design to which you may add additional units as the need arises.We believe that you will find this system practical, efficient, and economical for the needs of your company both now and in the near future. It is our sincere hope that the information in the enclosed proposal will make your decision to install a PRN Air Conditioning System much easier.Sincerely yours,An drew BlackSales Man agerRecommendation of a P roductProduct recomme nded: PRN 46PRN' s proposal: based on the analysis of the buyer 47 ' sFeatures of the Product:1. It' s a 48 design;2. It' s p ractical, 49 a nd econo mical.Docume nt En closed: a / the 50Task 4Directions: The followi ng is a list of terms related to food and drink. After read ing it, you are required to find the items equivale nt to (与 ......... 等同)those give n in Chin esein the table below. Then you should put the corres ponding letters in brackets on the An swer Sheet, nu mbered 51 through 55.A — ox tail soupB — Canton ese cuis ineC — p reserved bea n curdD — chef's sp ecialE — p ickled vegetablesF — s oft drinksG — rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves H — b anq uet hallI — esse nee of chickenJ —hon ey-dew melonK — tomato ketch upL — late sn ackM — French toastN — app etizerO —club steakP — canned beerQ — marrons glacesExamp les: ( G ) 粽子51. 52. 53. ( )哈密瓜 ()不含酒精饮料 ( )广东菜)开胃菜)主厨特餐)鸡精)宴会厅 )法国土司( )番茄酱 ( )泡菜 Task 5Directions: There is a piece of Visitor s Advice below. After reading it, you should give briefan swers to the 5 questio ns (No.56 to No. 60) that follow. The an swers (in not more tha n 3words) should be writte n after the corres ponding nu mbers on the An swer Sheet. 54. 55. (P)罐装啤酒We hope that by observing the following points you will enjoy your visit to Sunday Church without disturbing the life of the college.* Please obey all notices and do not enter the areas marked Private.* Please avoid leaving litter ; picnicking within the college is not permitted.* Please do not smoke.* Please do not gather so as to obstruct ( 阻塞 ) paths or passages, particularly in the Hall.* Please be as quiet as possible, remembering that this is a college where people areworking.* In the event of a fire or other danger, or if you hear a fire alarm or warning, please leave the building without delay. At all times please follow the advice of the Custodians ( 保安人员 ) who are here to help you.* Closed circuit television surveillance ( 监视 ) is in operation. Images are beingrecorded for purposes of crime prevention and public safety.* Thank you for visiting Sunday Church.56. What is the name of the place open to tourists?It 57. Which areas are not allowed for tourists to visit?The areas and any college rooms______________________ .58. What is not permitted to do during the visit to the college?Leaving litter, __________________ inside the college or smoking, etc.59. What should tourists do in the event of a fire or any other danger?They should leave the building and ________________________ of the Custodians.60. Why is closed circuit television surveillance in operation?To ______________________ and ensure public safety,Part IV Translation---English to Chinese (25 minutes)Directions: This part, numbered 61 through 65, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. After each of the sentences numbered 61 to 64, you will read four choices of suggested translation. You should choose the best translation and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. And for the paragraph numbered 65, write your translation in the corresponding space on the Translation/Composition Sheet.61. Your failure in delivering thegoods within the stipulated time has greatly inconvenienced us.A) B) C)D)62. With increasing awareness of the environment, people have realized that the way coal is used is s你们在规定时间交代货物方面的失败，极大地不方便了我们。