诊断学英文单词
诊断学(diagnostics)ppt
正确的临床思维有时不是依靠独立思索而形成 的，临床会诊、咨询、讨论等均可起到互相启 发、诱导和取长补短的作用。 一个完整的诊断除需了解解剖学、功能学和影 象学的诊断外，在条件许可的情况下要尽可能 作出病理学、细胞学和病原学的诊断。
D、学习诊断学的要求-1
1.能独立进行系统而有针对性的问诊，能较熟练掌 握主诉、症状、体征间的内在联系和临床意义。 2.能以规范化手法进行系统、全面、重点、有序地 体格检查。 3.熟悉血、尿、粪等常规项目实验室检查的操作技 术及常用临床检验项目的目的和临床意义。熟悉 现代化自动生化分析仪器的操作程序及原理，了 解实验结果对疾病的诊断意义。
诊断学总论
绪
论
*诊断学(diagnostics)是运用医学基础理论、 基本知识和基本技能对疾病进行诊断的一 门学科。 *基础医学过度到临床医学的一门必修课。 *连接基础医学与临床医学的桥梁，是打开 临床医学大门的一把钥匙。
绪
论
A、诊断学的内容 B、诊断学的学习要领 C、建立和完善正确的诊断思维 D、学习诊断学的要求
视
诊（inspection）
医师用眼睛观察病人全身或局部表现的诊
断方法。 视诊可用于全身一般状态和许多体征的检 查。 局部视诊可了解病人身体各部分的改变。 特殊部位的视诊需借助于某些仪器 。
Inspection
Inspection
触诊 (palpation)
医师通过手接触被检查部位时的感觉来
C、问诊的方法与技巧-2
4、避免重复提问。 5、避免使用有特定意义的医学术语，有时 医生应对医学术语作必要的解释。 6、注意及时核实患者陈述中不确切或有疑 问的情况。
第二篇 体格检查
（physical examination）
诊断学英文单词
症状symptom体征sign体格检查physical examination 实验室检查laboratory examination 触诊palpation冲击触诊法ballottement清音resonance鼓音tympany过清音hyperresonance浊音dullness实音flatness听诊auscultation嗅诊smelling稽留热continued fever弛张热remittent fever间歇热intermittent fever波状热undulant fever回归热recurrent fever不规则热irregular fever寒战rigor全身性水肿anasarca心源性水肿cardiac edema肾源性水肿renal edema肝源性水肿hepatic edema黏液性水肿myxedema特发性水肿idiopathic edema血管神经性水肿angioneurotic edema 胸痛chest pain放射痛radiating pain发绀cyanosis心悸palpitation心包积液pericardial effusion充血性心力衰竭congestive heart failure 咳痰expectoration咯血hemoptysis呼吸困难dyspnea大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia慢性阻塞性肺气肿chronicobstructive emphysema支气管哮喘bronchial asthma 胸腔积液pleural effusion 气胸pneumothorax 恶心nausea呕吐vomiting呕血hematemesis黑便melena 便血hematochezia隐血occultblood里急后重tenesmus腹痛abdominal pain腹泻diarrhea便秘constipation黄疸jaundice血尿hematuria尿频frequentmicturition尿急urgent m]ctunt]on尿痛(排尿困难) dysuria少尿oliguria多尿polyuria头痛headache昏厥syncope嗜睡somnolence意识模糊confusion昏睡stupor昏迷coma生命征vital sign恶病质cachexia肥胖obesiy意识障碍disturbance ofconsciousness瘀点petechia血肿hematoma肝掌liverpalms蜘蛛痣spiderangioma淋巴结肿大lymphnodeenlargement 胸骨角sternalangle胸壁chest wall皮下气肿subcutaneousemphysema 扁平胸flatchest桶状胸barrelchest三凹征Three depressionssion酸中毒呼吸Kussmaul breath潮式呼吸chevne-stokes breath语音震颤vocaltremitus肺泡呼吸音vesicularbreathsounds支气管呼吸音bronchialbreathsounds 口罗音rale湿口啰音moistrale干口罗音rhonchi语音共振vocalresonance胸膜摩擦音pleuralfrictionrub心尖搏动apicalimpulse震颤thrill心房颤动atrial fibrillation心房扑动atrial flutter期前收缩premature beat心律cardiac rhythm大炮音cannon sound心音分裂splitting of heart sounds三音律triple rhythm四音律quadruple rhythm二联律bigeminy三联律trigeminy奔马律gallop rhythm开瓣音opening snap心包叩击音pericardial knock肿瘤扑落音tumor plop喀喇音click收缩期杂音systolic murmur舒张期杂音diastolic murmur连续性杂音continuous murmur心包摩擦音pedcardial friction sound主动脉瓣狭窄aortic stenosis主动脉瓣关闭不全aortic insufficiency二尖瓣关闭不全mitral insufficiency二尖瓣狭窄mitral stenosis肺动脉瓣相对性关闭不全杂音Graham Steell二尖瓣相对性狭窄杂音Austin Flint脉搏短绌deficit pulse水冲脉waterhammer pulse奇脉paradoxical pulse血压systemic blood pressure动态血压监测ambulatory blood pressuremonitoring(ABPM)枪击音pistol shot sound毛细血管搏动征capillary pulsation?肋脊角costovertebral angle左季肋部left hypochondrial region左腰部left lumber region；左髂部left iliac region；右季肋部right hypochondrial region 右腰部right lumber region；右髂部right iliac region；上腹部epigastric region；脐部umbilical region；umbilical 下腹部hypogastric region中上腹epigastrium腹水ascites蛙腹frog belly气腹pneumoperitoneum腹部凹陷abdominal retraction腹部膨胀abdominal distension舟状腹scaphoid abdomen水母头caput medusae胃、肠型gastral or intestinal pattern 蠕动波peristalsis板状腹board-like rigidity揉面感dough kneading sensation 压痛tenderness反跳痛rebound tenderness腹肌紧张(强直) Abdominalmuscle rigid(guarding)莫菲征Murphy's sign波动感fluctuation肝震颤liver thrill肝、脾肿大liver and spleen enlargement 肝肿大hepatomegaly脾肿大splenomegaly腹块abdominal mass直肠检查rectal examination外痔external haemorrhoids瘘管fistulae液波震颤fluid thrill振水音succussion splash移动性浊音shifting dullness尺压试验ruler pressing test肠鸣音bowel sounds摩擦音friction sound搔弹音scratch sound消化性溃疡pepticulcer黑便melena急性腹膜炎acute peritonitis肝硬化liver cirrhosis蜘蛛痣spider angioma急性阑尾炎acute appendicitis阑尾点McBurney Point肠梗阻intestinal obstruction不对称asymmetry搏动pulsation手术疤痕surgical scar脊柱后突kvohosis杵状指acrooachv肢端肥大acromegalv 肌张力muscletone 角膜反射cornealreflex 膝反射kneereflex 踝阵挛ankkclonus中性粒细胞neutrophil嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophil嗜碱性粒细胞basophil淋巴细胞lymphocyte单核细胞monocyte网织红细胞reticulocyte红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentation rate 血细胞比容hematocrit骨髓bone marrow浆细胞plasmacyte巨核细胞megakaryocyte过氧化物酶peroxidase缺铁性贫血iron deficiency anemia溶血性贫血hemolytic anemia巨幼细胞贫血megaloblastic anemia白血病leukemia骨髓增生异常综合征myelodysplastic syndrome多发性骨髓瘤multiple myeloma原发性血小板减少性紫癜idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura血小板platelet纤维蛋白原fibrinogen凝血时间clotting time出血时间bleeding time纤溶fibrinolvsis纤溶酶plasmin凝血酶thrombin凝血酶原prothrombin凝血活酶thromboplastin血粘度blood viscosity脑脊液cerebrospinal fluid 漏出液transudate渗出液exudate无尿anuria 胆红素尿bilirubinuria乳糜尿chyluria尿频frequency of micturition血尿hematuria镜下血尿microscopic hematuria少尿oliguria多尿polyuria蛋白尿proteinuria脓尿pyuna尿急urgency of micturition肝功能试验liver function test血清总蛋白serum total protein血清白蛋白serum albumin血清球蛋白serum globulin蛋白电泳protein electrophoresis前白蛋白prealbumin凝血酶原时间prothrombin time胆红素bilirubin非结合胆红素unconjugated bilirubin尿胆原urobilinoaen尿胆素urobilin胆酸eholicacid靛氰绿indocvanine green，ICG丙氨酸氨基转移酶alanine aminotransferase，ALT 天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶aspartate aminotransferase，AST同工酶isoenzyme碱性磷酸酶alkalinephosphatase，ALP Y—谷氨酰转移酶Y—glutamyl transferase单胺氧化酶monoamine oxidase，MAO甲胎蛋白alpha fetoprotein AFP免疫球蛋白immunoglobulin，Ig补体complement，C总补体溶血活性total hemolytic complemen tactivity，CH50 E玫瑰花结形成试验erythrocyte rosette formation test，ERFT 白细胞分化抗原cluster differentiation，CD表面膜免疫球蛋白surface membrane immunoglobulin，SmIg抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity，ADCC 白介素interleukin肿瘤坏死因子tumor necrosis factor，TNF干扰素interferon，IFN乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原hepatitis B virus surface antigen，HBsAg抗链球菌溶血素“O”anti—streptolysin"O"，ASO肥达反应Widal reaction，WR布氏杆菌病凝集试验Brucella agglutination test巨细胞病毒human cytomegalovirus，HCMV柯萨奇病毒Coxsaekie virus沙眼衣原体chlamydia trachomatis人获得性免疫缺陷病毒human immunodefieiency virus，HIV外斐反应Weil-Felix reaction冷凝集试验cold agglutination test肿瘤标志物tumor marker癌胚抗原carcinoembryonic antigen，CEA癌抗原125，糖链抗原125 carcinoma antigenl25，carbohydrate antigen l25，CAl25 前列腺特异抗原prostatic specific antigen，PSA前列腺酸性磷酸酶prostate acid phosphatase，PAP自身免疫耐受autoimune tolerance类风湿因子rheumatoid factor，RF抗核抗体antinuelear antibody，ANA双链DNA double stranded-DNA，ds-DNA抗线粒体抗体anti-mitoehondria antibody，AMA甲状腺球蛋白thyroglobulin，TG甲状腺微粒体thyroid microsome，TM抗乙酰胆碱受体抗体anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody，AchRA抗平滑肌抗体anti-smooth muscle antibody，ASMA循环免疫复合物circulating immunocomplex，CIC冷球蛋白cryoglobulin，CGC反应蛋白C-reaction protein，CRP心电图electrocardiogram肢体导联limb leads胸导联chest leads不应期refractory period易损期vulnerable period心律失常arrhythmia窦性心动过速sinus tachycardia窦性心动过缓sinus bradyeardia窦性静止sinusar rest病态窦房结综合征sicksinus syndrome阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysmal supraventricular tachyeardia室性心动过速ventricular tachycardia房室传导阻滞atrioventricula rblock，希氏束Hisbundle文氏现象Wenckebach phenomenon左束支传导阻滞left bundle branch block，LBBB右束支传导阻滞right bundle branch block，RBBB左前分支传导阻滞left anterior fascicular block预激综合征preexcitation syndrome逸搏心律escape rhythm反复心律reciprocal rhythm动态心电图ambulatory electrocardiography(Hoher) 平板运动试验treadmill test潮气量·tidal volume，VT补呼气量expiratory reserve volume，ERV补吸气量inspiratory capacity，IC肺活量vital capacitv，VC残气量residual volume，RV肺总量total lung capacity，TLC最大通气量maximal voluntary ventilation，MVV 用力肺活量forced vital capacity，FVC最大呼气中段流量maximal mid—expiratory，flow MMEF 肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation，VA。
诊断学常用英语词汇
abdomenal wall reflex 腹壁反射abdominal pain 腹痛abdominal retraction 腹部凹陷abdominal wall varicosis 腹壁静脉曲张absolute refractory period 绝对不应期absorption fever 吸收热accommodation reflex 调节反射achilles jerk 跟腱反射aching pain 酸痛acrocephalosyndactyly 尖颅并指（趾）畸形acromegaly 肢端肥大症acromegaly facies 肢端肥大症面容acropachy 杵状指active position 自主体位acute abdomen 急腹症acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎acute peritonitis 急性腹膜炎Adams-Stokes syndrome 亚-斯二氏综合征Addison’s disease 阿狄森氏病adolescent spurt 青春急激成长adventitious sound 附加音age 年龄albinism 白化症alternate motion 轮替动作alternative position 辗转体位alveolar ventilation, VA 肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation, VA 肺泡通气量amphorophony 空瓮音analgia 痛觉,缺失ankle clonus 踝阵挛anterior axillary line 腋前线anterior midline 前正中线aortic insufficiency 主动脉瓣关闭不全aortic stenosis 全动脉瓣狭窄Apert’s syndrome 阿佩尔氏综合征apical belly 尖腹apical impulse 心尖搏动arcus senilis 老年环areola 乳晕arrhythmia 心律失常arthresthesia 关节觉articulatio 关节articulus 关节ascites 腹水asthenic type 无力型（瘦长型）ataxia 共济失调ataxic gait 共济失调步态athetosis 手足徐动atrial fibrillation 心房颤动atrial fibrillation 房颤atrial flutter 心房扑动atrial gallop 房性奔马律audition 听力auricle 耳廓auriculo-ventricular block, AVB 房室传导阻滞auscultation 听诊Austin Flint murmur 奥斯汀.弗林特氏杂音axillary fossa 腋窝Babinski sign 巴宾斯基征bacteria pyrogen 细菌性致热原ballottement 冲击触诊法barrel chest 桶状胸basal lung capacity 基础肺容量basal lung volume 基础肺容积beefy tongue 牛肉舌belching 反酸、嗳气biceps reflex 肱二头肌反射bicycle ergometer test 踏车运动试验bimanual palpation 双手触诊法Biot’s respiration 比奥氏呼吸blood pressure, BP 血压board-like rigidity 板状腹borborygmus 肠鸣音bounding pulse 跳脉breast 乳房Broadbent’s sign 布罗德本特氏征bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘bronchial breath sound 支气管呼吸音bronchophony 支气管语音bronchovesicular breath sound 支气管肺泡呼吸音Brudzinski’s sign 布鲁金斯基氏征Budd-Chiari syndrome 巴-希二氏综合征buffalo bump 水牛背burning pain 烧灼痛bursting pain 烧灼痛、胀痛bypass bilirubin 旁路胆红素cachexia 恶病质cachexia 恶病质cannon sound 大泡音capillary pulsation 毛细血管搏动caput medusae 海蛇神头,梅杜沙氏头cardiac asthma 心原性哮喘cardiac murmurs 心脏杂音carotene 胡萝卜素carphology 摸空症centric fever 中枢性发热Chaddock’s sign 查多克氏征chemoreceptor trigger zone 化学感受器触发带chest pain 胸痛chest wall 胸壁Cheyne-Stokes respiration 呼吸节律异常chief complaints 主诉childbearing history 生育史chorea 舞蹈样运动chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎chronic obstructive emphysema 慢性阻塞性肺气肿clasp knife 折刀claw hand 爪形手clinical diagnosis 临床诊断clonus 阵挛closing volume, CV 闭合气量coarse rales 粗湿罗音cogwheel breath sound 齿轮呼吸音cogwheel rigidity 齿轮强直coin sign 叩击征colicky pain 绞痛color sensation 色觉coma 昏迷compulsive position 强迫体位compulsive squatting 强迫蹲位confusion 意识模糊conjugated bilirubin 胆红素葡萄糖醛酸酯或称结全胆红素conjunctive 结膜consciousness 意识状态consistency 硬度consistency and elasticity 硬度和弹性constipation 便秘continuous 连续型continuous fever 稽留热continuous murmur 连续性杂音contour 外形convergence reflex 辐辏反射convulsion 惊厥cornea 角膜corneal reflex 角膜反射costispinal angle 肋脊角cough 咳嗽Courvoisier’s sign 库尔瓦泽尔兹氏征Courvoisier-Terrier syndrome 库-特二氏组合征，无痛性黄疸crackles rale 爆裂音cremasteric reflex 提睾反射crepitus 捻发音crescendo 递增型crescendo-decrescendo 递增递减型cretinism 克汀病，白痴病，呆小病Crigler-Najiar’s syndrome 柯-加二氏综合征crisis 骤降，危象critical facies 病危面容Crohn’s disease 克隆氏病crossed paralysis 交叉瘫Cushing’s disea se 肾上腺皮质功能亢进Cushing’s syndrome 库辛氏综合征cyanosis 紫绀Damoiseau’s curve 曲线decrescendo 递减型deep palpation 深部触诊法deep press palpation 深压触诊法deep slipping palpation 深部滑行触诊法deforming skull 变形颅delirium 谵妄dermographism 皮肤划纹征development 发育diagnosis 诊断diarrhea 腹泻diastolic murmur 舒张期杂音dicrotic pulse 重搏脉diffusion ,DL 弥散diplopia 复视direct percussion 直接叩诊法disturbance of consciousness 意识障碍disturbance of consciousness 意识障碍dough kneading sensation 揉面感Down syndrome 道氏综合征，先天愚型dropped pulse 脱落脉drunken man gait 醉酒步态Dubin-Johnson’s syndrome 杜-约二氏综合征dull pain 钝痛dullness 浊音Duroziez’s murmur 双重杂音dydrops 积水dyspnea 呼吸困难dysuria 尿痛ear drum 鼓膜early systolic ejection sounds 收缩早期喷射音ecchymosis 瘀斑ECG exercise test 心电图运动负荷试验edema 水肿effective refractory 有效不应期egophony 羊鸣音elasticity 弹性electrocardiogram, ECG 心电图elephantedema 象皮肿elephantiasic crus 象皮腿emaciation 消瘦embryocardia 胎心律endogenous pyrogen 内源性致热原enophthalmos=enophthalmus 眼球下陷enophthalmus= enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻epistaxis 鼻衄exogenous pyrogen 外源性致热原expectoration 咯痰expiratory capacity, ERV 补呼气量expression 表情external auditory canal 外耳道eyeball 眼球eyebrow 眼眉eyelids 眼睑face 颜面facial features 面容fairly 中等family history 家族史festination gait 慌张步态fever type 热型fine rales 细湿罗音finger nose test 指鼻试验fixed splitting 固定分裂flat chest 扁平胸flatfoot 平跖足flatness 实音floating patella phenomenon 浮髌现象fluctuation 波动感fluid thrill 液波震颤forced standing position 强迫停立位forced vital capacity, FVC 用力肺活量four limbs 四肢frequent micturition 尿频frog belly 蛙腹Frohlich’s syndrome 肥胖性生殖无能,弗勒利希氏综合征function residual capacity, FRC 功能残气量funnel chest 漏斗胸gallop rhythm 奔马律Garland’s triangle 加兰德氏三角gas distribution 气体分布gastral or intestinal pattern 胃型或肠型general data 一般项目genua valgus “O” 形腿畸形genua varus 膝内翻geographic tongue 地图舌gigantism 巨人症Gilbert’s syndrome 吉尔伯氏综合征Gordon’s sign 戈登氏征Graham Steell murmur 杂音Grocco’s triangle 格罗科氏三角gums 牙龈habitus 体型hair 毛发，头发hairy tongue 毛舌Harrison’s groove 肋膈沟headache 头痛heel-knee-tibia test 跟-膝-胫试验hematemesis 呕血hematochezia 便血hematuria 血尿hemiparalysis 偏瘫hemoptysis 咯血hepatic facies 肝病面容Hippocrates 希波克拉底（被称为医学之父）history of present illness 现病史Hodgkin 霍奇金Hoffmann’s si gn 霍夫曼氏征holosystolic murmur 全收缩期杂音Horner’s syndrome 霍纳氏综合征hyperresonance 过清音hyperventilation syndrome 过度换气综合征hypogastric region 下腹部idioventricular rhythm 室性异搏心律，自发室性心律immediate percussion 直接叩诊incontinence of urine 尿失禁indirect percussion 间接叩诊法infective fever 感染性发热inferior diaphragmatic infarction 下壁心肌梗塞infrascapular region 肩胛下区infrasternal angle 胸骨下角inquiry 问诊inspection 视诊inspiratory capacity, IC 深吸气量intercostal space 肋间隙interleukin I 白细胞介素intermittent claudication 间歇性跛行intermittent fever 间歇热interscapular region 肩胛间区intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻inward impulse 负性心尖搏动iris 虹膜irregular fever 不规则热irritable bowel syndrome,IBS肠易激综合征jaundice 黄疸junctional premature beat 交界性早搏Kayser-Fleischer ring 凯-弗二氏环Kent’s bu ndle 肯特氏束，房室肌束Kernig’s sign 克尼格氏征Klebsiellar pneumonia 克雷白杆菌肺炎knee jerk 膝反射knife-like pain 刀割样痛koilonychia 匙状甲Kussmaul’s respiration 库斯毛尔氏呼吸kyphosis 脊柱后凸laryngeal pharynx 喉咽larynx 喉Lasegue’s sign 拉塞格氏征late diastolic gallop 舒张晚期奔马律latent jaundice 隐性黄疸left anterior fascicular block, left anterior bemiblock, LAH 前支传导阻滞left bundle branch block, LBBB 左束支传导阻滞left lower quadrant 左下腹left posterior fascicular block 或left posterior hemiblock, LPH 后支传导阻滞left upper quadrant 左上腹leukocytic pyrogen 白细胞致热原leukoplakia 白斑light palpation 浅部触诊法liver cirrhosis 肝硬化liver palms 肝掌liver thrill 震颤lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎location 部位lordosis 脊柱前凸luminar flow 层流lung volume 肺容积lymphedema 淋巴性水肿maculae 斑疹maculopapulae 斑丘疹manubrium sterni 胸骨柄Marfan’s syndrome 马方氏综合征marrital history 婚姻史masked facies 面具面容masses 包块Master 2-step exercise 二级梯运动mastoid 乳突maximal midexpiratary flow curve MMEF、MMF 最大呼气中段流量maximal voluntary ventilation, MVV 最大通气量McBurney’s incision 麦克伯尼氏切口mediate percussion 间接叩诊medium rales 中湿罗音melanin 黑色素melena 黑便menstrual history 月经史microcephaly 小颅,小头畸形midaxillary line 腋中线midclavicular line 锁骨中线middle and late systolic clicks 收缩中、晚期喀音migratory glossitis 移行性舌炎minute ventilation VE 每分钟静息通气量mitral facies 二尖瓣面容mitral insufficiency 二尖瓣关闭不全mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄mobility 活动度moist rale 湿罗音moisture 湿度mono-phasic curve 单相曲线monoplegia 单瘫moon facies 满月面容mouth 口mucocutaneous hemorrhage 皮肤粘膜出血Murphy button 墨菲氏钮（肠吻合钮）muscle atrophy 肌肉萎缩muscular tone 肌张力Musset’s sign 缪塞氏征（头节律性跳动）myocardial infarction 心肌梗塞myocardial injury “ 损伤性”改变myocardial ischemia 心肌缺血myodynamia 肌力myxedema 粘液性水肿nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动nasal sinus 鼻窦nasopharynx 鼻咽nausea 恶心nephrotic facies 肾病面容neurogenic bladder 神经原性膀胱nipple 乳头non-infective fever 非感染性发热nonparoxysmal tachycardia 非阵发性心动过速nuclear icterus 核黄疸nuclear jaundice 核黄疸nystagmus 眼球震颤obesity 肥胖obstetrician hand 助产士手olfactory examination 嗅诊Oliver’s sign 奥利弗氏征opening snap 开瓣音opisthotonos position 角弓反张位Oppenheim’s sign 奥本海姆氏征oral pharynx 口咽organic scoliosis / 脊柱器质性侧凸orthopnea 强迫坐位、端坐呼吸ortho-sthenic type 正力型（均称型）oxycephaly 尖颅pacemaker 起搏点pain /pein/ 疼痛pallor 苍白palpation 触诊palpitation 心悸papule 丘疹paradoxical pulse 奇脉paradoxical splitting 反常分裂paralytic squint 麻痹性斜视paraplegia 截瘫parasternal line 胸骨旁线parasystole 并行心律parietal pleura 壁层胸膜Parkinson’s disease 震颤麻痹parotid gland 腮腺paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, PSVT 阵发性心动过速；阵发性室上性心动过速；阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysmal tachycardia 阵发性心动过速paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia 阵发性室性心动过速past history 既往史patella clonus 髌阵挛pectoriloquy 胸语音pellagra 糙皮病pendular rhythm 钟摆律peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡percussion 叩诊percussion sound 叩诊音pericardial effusion 心包积液pericardial friction sound 心包摩擦音pericardial knock 心包叩击音peristalsis 蠕动波personal history 个人史petechia 瘀点physical examination 体格检查physiologic splitting 生理分裂pigeon chest 鸡胸pigmentation 色素沉着pitting edema 压陷性水肿pituitary dwarfism 垂体性侏儒症plantar reflex 跖反射pleural effusion 胸腔积液pleural friction fremitus 胸膜摩擦感pleural friction rub 胸膜摩擦音pneumoperitoneum 气腹pneumothorax 气胸pooly 不良position 体位positive position 被动体位posterior axillary line 腋后线posterior midline 后正中线posture 姿势posture scoliosis 姿势性侧凸premature beat 过早搏动premature beat 心房presystolic gallop 收缩期前奔马律protodiastolic gallop 舒张早期奔马律ptosis 上睑下垂pulmonary capillary wedge pressure , PCWP 肺毛细血管楔嵌pulse deficit 脉搏短绌pulse pressure 脉压pulseless 无脉病pulsus alternans 交替脉pulsus magnus 洪脉pulsus tardus 迟脉pupil 瞳孔purpura 紫癜pyrogen 致热原quadruple rhythm 四音律R on T phenomenon R波落在T波上现象rachitic chest 佝偻病胸rachitic rosary 佝偻病串珠radiating pain 放射痛radioperiosteal reflex 桡骨骨膜反射rebound tenderness 反跳痛recurrent fever 回归热redness 发红referred pain 牵涉痛reflex 反射refractory period 不应期regional lung function 区域性肺功能regular 一贯型relative refractory period 相对不应期remittent fever 弛张热residual volume, RV 残气容积resonance 清音retention of urine 尿潴留reversed splitting 逆分裂rhonchi 干罗音rib 肋骨right bundle branch block, RBBB 右束支传导阻滞right lower quadrant 右下腹right upper quadrant 右上腹rigidity 强直性rigor 寒战ringer finger test 指指试验Romberg’s sign 罗姆伯格氏征rosacea 酒渣鼻roseola 玫瑰疹Rotor’s syndrome 罗特尔氏综合征ruler pressing test 尺压试验saddle nose 鞍鼻sardonic feature 苦笑面容scalp 头皮scaphoid 舟状腹scapula 肩胛骨scapular line 肩胛线scar 瘢痕scissors gait 前刀式步态sclera 巩膜scratcb sound 搔弹音senile plaque 老年斑setting sun phenomenon 日落现象sex 性别shifting dullness 移动性浊音sibilant rhonchi 高调干罗音sick sinus syndrome , SSS 病态窦房结综合征sino-auricular block, SAB 窦房传导阻滞sinus arrest 窦性静止sinus arrhythmia 窦性心律不齐sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓sinus phrenicocostalis 肋膈窦sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速size 大小skin eruption 皮疹skin retraction 皮肤回缩skull 头颅small airway function 小气道功能small pulse 细脉smooth tongue 光滑舌somnolence 嗜睡sonorous rhonchi 低调干罗音sore tongue 舌痛spider angioma 蜘蛛痣spinous process 脊柱棘突splitting of heart sounds 心音分裂squared skull 巨颅stabbing pain 刺痛stained yellow 黄染steppage gait 跨阈步态sternal angle, Louis’s angel 胸骨角sternal line 胸骨线stethoscope 听诊器sthenic type 超力型（矮胖型）stool with occult blood 隐血便strawberry tongue 草莓舌stupor 昏睡subcutaneous emphysema 皮下气肿subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节succussion splash 振水音summation gallop 重叠奔马律superficial appearance 表观情况supraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝suprascapular region 肩胛上区suprasternal fossa 胸骨上窝suprasternal notch 胸骨上切迹symmetry 对称性symptom 症状symptomatology 症状学synaesthesia 复合感觉systems review 系统回顾systolic ejection sounds 收缩期喷射音systolic murmur 收缩性杂音tachypnea 呼吸过速tactile fremitus 触地震颤tarry stool 柏油便temperature 体温tenderness 压痛tenesmus 里急后重tetany 手足搐搦thalposis 温觉thermotaxic center 体温调节中枢thigmesthesia 触觉thirst 渴感thoracic expansion 胸廓扩张度thready pulse 丝脉three depressions sign 三凹征thrill 震颤throbbing pain 绞痛与搏动性痛thrombasthenia 血小板无力症sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓sinus phrenicocostalis 肋膈窦sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速size 大小skin eruption 皮疹skin retraction 皮肤回缩skull 头颅small airway function 小气道功能small pulse 细脉smooth tongue 光滑舌somnolence 嗜睡sonorous rhonchi 低调干罗音sore tongue 舌痛spider angioma 蜘蛛痣spinous process 脊柱棘突splitting of heart sounds 心音分裂squared skull 巨颅stabbing pain 刺痛stained yellow 黄染steppage gait 跨阈步态sternal angle, Louis’s angel 胸骨角sternal line 胸骨线stethoscope 听诊器sthenic type 超力型（矮胖型）stool with occult blood 隐血便strawberry tongue 草莓舌stupor 昏睡subcutaneous emphysema 皮下气肿subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节succussion splash 振水音summation gallop /s QmeiF([)n gAl[p/ 重叠奔马律superficial appearance 表观情况supraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝suprascapular region 肩胛上区suprasternal fossa 胸骨上窝suprasternal notch 胸骨上切迹symmetry 对称性symptom 症状symptomatology 症状学synaesthesia 复合感觉systems review 系统回顾systolic ejection sounds 收缩期喷射音systolic murmur 收缩性杂音tachypnea 呼吸过速tactile fremitus 触地震颤tarry stool 柏油便temperature 体温tenderness 压痛tenesmus 里急后重tetany 手足搐搦thalposis 温觉thermotaxic center 体温调节中枢thigmesthesia 触觉thirst 渴感thoracic expansion 胸廓扩张度thready pulse 丝脉three depressions sign 三凹征thrill 震颤throbbing pain 绞痛与搏动性痛thrombasthenia 血小板无力症thyroid 甲状腺tidal capacity TC 潮气量tone 语调tongue 舌torsive ventricular tachycardia 扭转型室性心动过速torticolis 斜颈tower skull 塔颅。
第三篇Diagnostics诊断学词汇
Diagnostics [ dai g n stiks]abdomenal wall reflex [ b d min l w :l ri:fleks]腹壁反射abdominal pain [ b d min l pein]腹痛abdominal retraction[b d min l ri tr k n]腹部凹陷abdominal wall varicosis[b d min l w:l v ri k usis]腹壁静脉曲张absolute refractory period[bs lu:t ri fr kt ri pi ri d]绝对不该期absorption fever[b s:p()n fi:v(r)]汲取热accommodation reflex[k m dei()n ri:fleks]调理反射achilles jerk[kili:z d:k]跟腱反射aching pain[eiki pein]酸痛acrocephalosyndactyly[kr u sef l usin d ktili]尖颅并指（趾）畸形acromegaly[kr u meg li]肢端肥大症acromegaly[kr u meg li]肢端肥大症acromegaly facies[kr u meg li fei ii:z]肢端肥大症面貌acropachy[kr up ki]杵状指active position[ktiv p zi()n]自主体位acute abdomen[kju:t bd m n]急腹症acute appendicitis[kju:t pendi saitis]急性阑尾炎acute peritonitis[kju:t perit naitis]急性腹膜炎Adams-Stokes syndrome [d mz st uks sindr um] 亚 -斯二氏综合征Addison ’ s disease[dis nz di zi:z]阿狄森氏病adolescent spurt[d les nt sp:t]青春急激成长adventitious sound[dven ti s saund]附带音age[eid]年纪albinism [ lbiniz m]白化症alternate motion [:lt:neit m u( )n]轮番动作alternative position[:l t:n tiv p zi()n]展转体位alveolar ventilation, V A[l vi l(r)venti lei n]肺泡通肚量alveolar ventilation, V A[l vi l(r)venti lei n]肺泡通肚量amphorophony[mf r f ni]空瓮音analgia [n ld i]痛觉 ,缺失ankle clonus[k()l kl un s]踝阵挛anterior axillary line[n ti ri(r)k sil ri lain] 腋前线anterior midline[n ti ri(r)midlain]前正中线aortic insufficiency[ei:tik ins fi nsi]主动脉瓣封闭不全aortic stenosis[ei:tik sti n usis]全动脉瓣狭小Apert ’ s syndrome[a: p tz sindr um]阿佩尔氏综合征apical belly[eipik()l beli]尖腹apical impulse[ eipik()l imp ls]心尖搏动arcus senilis[a:k s senailis]老年环areola [ri l]乳晕arrhythmia[ri mi]心律失态arthresthesia [a:ris i:zi]关节觉articulatio[a:tikju lei i u]关节articulus[a: tikjul s]关节ascites [saiti:z]腹水asthenic type [ s enik taip]无力型（瘦长型）ataxia [t ksi]共济失调ataxic gait[t ksik geit]共济失调步态athetosis[t usis]手足徐动atrial fibrillation[a:tri l faibri lei n]心房抖动atrial fibrillation[a:tri l faibri lei n]房颤atrial flutter[a:tri l fl t(r)]心房扑动atrial gallop[a:tri l g l p]房性奔马律audition[: di n]听力auricle [:rik()l]耳廓auriculo-ventricular block, AVB[ : rikjul u ven trikjul (r) bl k] 房室传导阻滞auscultation[:sk l tei()n]听诊Austin Flint murmur [:stin flint m :m (r)] 奥斯汀 .弗林特氏杂音axillary fossa[ k sil ri f s]腋窝Babinski sign[b binski sain]巴宾斯基征bacteria pyrogen[b k ti ri pai r ud n]细菌性致热原ballottement[b l tm nt]冲击触诊法barrel chest[b r()l t est]桶状胸basal lung capacity[beis()l l k p siti]基础肺容量basal lung volume[beis()l l v lju:m(lj m)] 基础肺容积beefy tongue[ bi:fi t]牛肉舌belching[ belt i]反酸、嗳气biceps reflex[baiseps ri:fleks]肱二头肌反射bicycle ergometer test[baisik()l: g mit(r)test]踏车运动试验bimanual palpation[bai m nju l p l pei n]双手触诊法Biot ’ s respiration[bi:uz resp rei n] 比奥氏呼吸blood pressure, BP[bl d pre(r)]血压board-like rigidity[b:d laik ri d id ti] 板状腹borborygmus[b:b rigm s]肠鸣音bounding pulse[ baundi p ls]跳脉breast [brest]乳房Broadbent ’ s sign[br dbents sain]布罗德本特氏征bronchial asthma [br ki l sm(zm)]支气管哮喘bronchial breath sound[br ki l bre saund]支气管呼吸音bronchophony[br k uf ni]支气管语音bronchovesicular breath sound [br k uvi sikjul bre saund] 支气管肺泡呼吸音Brudzinski’ s sign [brud inskiz sain]布鲁金斯基氏征Budd-Chiari syndrome [b dki a:ri sindr um] 巴-希二氏综合征buffalo bump[b f l u b mp]水牛背burning pain[b:ni pein]炙烤痛bursting pain[b:sti pein]炙烤痛、胀痛bypass bilirubin[baipa:s ( baip s)bili ru:bin]旁路胆红素cachexia[k keksi]恶病质cachexia[k keksi]恶病质cannon sound[k n n saund] 大泡音capillary pulsation[k pil ri p l sei n] 毛细血管搏动caput medusae [keip t mi: djusi:]海蛇神头 ,梅杜沙氏头cardiac asthma [ka:di k sm(zm)] 心原性哮喘cardiac murmurs[ ka:di k m:m(r)]心脏杂音carotene [ k r ti:n]胡萝卜素carphology[ka: f l d i]摸空症centric fever[ sentrik fi:v(r)]中枢性发热Chaddock’ s sign t[a:d ks sain]查多克氏征chemoreceptor trigger zone [kem uri sept (r) trig (r) z un] 化学感觉器触发带chest pain[t est pein]胸痛chest wall[t est w :l]胸壁Cheyne-Stokes respiration[ t ein-st uks resp rei n]呼吸节律异常chief complaints [t i:f k m pleints]主诉childbearing history[ t aildbe ri hist ri]生育史chorea [k ri ]舞蹈样运动chronic bronchitis[ kr nik br kaitis]慢性支气管炎chronic obstructive emphysema[ kr nik b str ktiv emfi si:m ] 慢性堵塞性肺气肿clasp knife [kl sp naif]折刀claw hand [kl : h nd]爪形手clinical diagnosis [ klinik( )l dai g n usis]临床诊疗clonus [ kl un s]阵挛closing volume, CV [ kl uzi v lju:m(lj m)]闭合肚量coarse rales [k :s reil]粗湿罗音cogwheel breath sound [ k gwi:l bre saund]齿轮呼吸音cogwheel rigidity [ k gwi:l ri d id ti]齿轮强直coin sign [k in sain]叩击征colicky pain[k liki pein]绞痛color sensation[k l(r)sen sei()n]色觉coma [ k um ]昏倒compulsive position[k m p lsiv p zi()n] 逼迫体位compulsive squatting[k m p lsiv skw ti]逼迫蹲位confusion [k n fju:()n]意识模糊conjugated bilirubin[k nd ugeitid bili ru:bin]胆红素葡萄糖醛酸酯或称结全胆红素conjunctive[k n d ktiv]结膜consciousness[k n snis]意识状态consistency[k n sist nsi]硬度consistency and elasticity[k n sist nsi il s tisiti]硬度和弹性constipation[k nsti pei()n]便秘continuous[k n tinju s]连续型continuous fever[k n tinju s fi:v(r)]稽留热continuous murmur[k n tinju s m:m(r)]连续性杂音contour [ k ntu(r)]外形convergence reflex[k n v:d ns ri:fleks]辐辏反射convulsion/k n v l()n/惊厥cornea / k:ni/角膜corneal reflex /k:ni l ri:fleks/角膜反射costispinal angle/k sti spain l g()l/ 肋脊角cough /k f (k :f)/咳嗽Courvoisier’ s sign/ku vwa:zi eiz sain/库尔瓦泽尔兹氏征Courvoisier-Terrier syndrome /ku vwa:zi eite jeisindr um/ 库 - 特二氏组合征，无痛性黄疸crackles rale /kr k()l reil/爆裂音cremasteric reflex/krim s terik ri:fleks/提睾反射crepitus / krepit s/捻发音crescendo /kri end u/递加型crescendo-decrescendo /kri end u- di:kri end u/递加递减型cretinism / kretiniz m/克汀病，痴人病，呆小病Crigler-Najiar’ s syndromekrigl/na:d i z sindr um/柯-加二氏综合征crisis / kraisis/骤降，危象critical facies / kritik()l fei ii:z/病危面貌Crohn’ s disease/kr unz di ’ zi:z/ 克隆氏病crossed paralysis /kr st p r lisis/交错瘫Cushing’ s disease/ ku i di zi:z/肾上腺皮质功能亢进Cushing ’ s syndrome/ku i z sindr um/ 库辛氏综合征cyanosis / sai n usis/紫绀Damoiseau’ s curve /da:mwa: z uz k :v/曲线decrescendo /di:kri end u/递减型deep palpation/ di:p p l pei n/深部触诊法deep press palpation /di:p pres p l pein/ 深压触诊法deep slipping palpation/di:p slipi p l pei n/深部滑行触诊法deforming skull/di f:mi sk l/变形颅delirium/di liri m/谵妄dermographism /d:m gr fiz m/皮肤划纹征development/di vel pm nt/发育diagnosis/dai g n usis/诊疗diarrhea/dai ri:/腹泻diastolic murmur/dai st lik m:m(r)/舒张期杂音dicrotic pulse/dai kr tik p ls/重搏脉diffusion ,D L/di fju:()n/弥散diplopia/di pl upi/ 复视direct percussion/di rekt (dai rekt)p k()n/直接叩诊法disturbance of consciousness /di st:b ns k n snis/意识阻碍disturbance of consciousness /dis t:b ns k n snis/意识阻碍dough kneading sensation /d u ni:di sen sei ()n/揉面感Down syndrome/daun sindr um/道氏综合征，天生愚型dropped pulse /dr pt p ls/零落脉drunken man gait/ dr k n m n geit/醉酒步态Dubin-Johnson ’s yndrome/du:bin d ns()nz sindr um/ 杜 - 约二氏综合征dull pain/d l pein/钝痛dullness/d lnis/浊音dullness/d lnis/浊音Duroziez ’ s murmur/dju r zi eiz m :m (r)/两重杂音dydrops /daidr ps/积水dyspnea /disp ni: /呼吸困难dysuria /dis ju ri /尿痛ear drum /i (r) dr m/鼓膜early systolic ejection sounds / :li si st lik i d ek n saund/ 缩短初期发射音ecchymosis / eki m usis/瘀斑ECG exercise test / eks saiz test/心电图运动负荷试验edema /i di:m /水肿effective refractory /i fektiv ri fr kt ri/有效不该期egophony/e g f ni/羊鸣音elasticity /il s tisiti/弹性electrocardiogram, ECG/i lektr u ka:di ugr m/ 心电图elephantedema / elif ti di:m /象皮肿elephantiasic crus /elif n tai sik kr s/象皮腿emaciation/i meisi ei n/消瘦embryocardia/embri u ka:dia/胎心律endogenous pyrogen /en d d in s pai r ud n/内源性致热原enophthalmos=enophthalmus/en f lm s/眼球下陷enophthalmus= enophthalmos /en f lm s/眼球下陷entropion/en tr upi n/睑内翻epistaxis/epi st ksis/鼻衄exogenous pyrogen/ek s d n s pai r ud n/外源性致热原expectoration/ek spekt rei n/咯痰expiratory capacity, ERV /ik spai r t ri k p siti/补呼肚量expression /ik spre ( )n/表情external auditory canal /ek st :n( )l:dit ri ( d t :ri) k n l/外耳道eyeball / aib :l/眼球eyebrow / aibrau/眼眉eyelids / ailid/眼睑face /feis/颜面facial features/fei ()lfi:t(r)/面貌fairly / fe li/中等family history/f mili hist ri/家族史festination gait/festi nei n geit/慌乱步态fever type / fi:v (r) taip/热型fine rales /fain reil/细湿罗音finger nose test / fi g (r) n uz test/指鼻试验fixed splitting /fikst spliti /固定分裂flat chest /fl t t est/扁平胸flatfoot / fl t u:t/平跖足flatness/ fl tnis/实音flatness/ fl tnis/实音floating patella phenomenon/ fl utip tel fi n min n/ 浮髌现象fluctuation /fl ktju ei n/颠簸感fluid thrill/flu:id ril/液波震颤forced standing position /f:st st ndi p zi( )n/逼迫停立位forced vital capacity, FVC / f :st vait l k p siti/使劲肺活量four limbs /f :(r) lim/四肢frequent micturition/fri:kw nt miktju ri()n/尿频frog belly/fr g (fr:g)beli/蛙腹frog belly/fr g (fr:g)beli/蛙腹Frohlich’syndrome/ fr:li z sindr um/肥胖性生殖无能 ,弗勒利希氏综合征function residual capacity, FRC/f k( )n ri zidju l k p siti/ 功能残肚量funnel chest/ f n()l t est/漏斗胸gallop rhythm/g l p ri m (ri m)/奔马律Garland ’ s triangle/ga:l ndz trai gl/加兰德氏三角gas distribution/g s distri bju:()n/气体散布gastral or intestinal pattern/g str l in testin l p t n/胃型或肠型general data/ d en r()l deit(d t)/一般项目genua valgus/ d enju v lg s/“ O”形腿畸形genua varus/ d enju v r s/膝内翻geographic tongue /d i:gr fik t/地图舌gigantism/d ai g ntiz m/巨人症Gilbert ’ s syndromegilb/tz sindr um/吉尔伯氏综合征Gordon’ s sign g/ :d nz sain/戈登氏征Graham Steell murmur/grei m sti:l m :m (r)/ 杂音Grocco ’ s triangle/gr uk z trai gl/格罗科氏三角gums /g m/牙龈habitus / h bit s/体型hair /he (r)/毛发，头发hairy tongue/ he ri t/毛舌Harrison’ s groove/ h ris nz gru:v/肋膈沟headache / hedeik/头痛heel-knee-tibia test /hi:l ni: tibi test/跟-膝-胫试验hematemesis / hi:(he)m temisis/呕血hematochezia / hem t ki:zi /便血hematuria / hi:( he)m tju ri /血尿hemiparalysis / hemi p r lisis/偏瘫hemoptysis /hi m ptisis/咯血hepatic facies /hi p tik fei ii:z/肝病面貌Hippocrates /hi p kr ti:z/希波克拉底（被称为医学之父）history of present illness / hist ri prez( )nt ilnis/现病史Hodgkin / h d kin/霍奇金Hoffmann ’ s sign h/ fm nz sain/霍夫曼氏征holosystolic murmur/h l usi st lik m:m(r)/全缩短期杂音Horner’ s syndrome/ h :n(r)z sindr um/霍纳氏综合征hyperresonance / haip rez n ns/过清音hyperresonance / haip rez n ns/过清音hyperventilation syndrome/haip venti lei()n sindr um(dr m)/过度换气综合征hypogastric region/haip g strik ri:d n/下腹部idioventricular rhythm/idi uven trikjul ri( )m/室性异搏心律，自发室性心律immediate percussion/i mi:di t p k()n/直接叩诊incontinence of urine/in k ntin ns ju rin/尿失禁indirect percussion/indi rekt p k()n/间接叩诊法infective fever /in fektiv fi:v(r)/感染性发热inferior diaphragmatic infarction/in fi ri dai fr g m tik in fa:kn/下壁心肌堵塞infrascapular region/infr sk pjul ri:d n/肩胛下区infrasternal angle /infr st:n l g()l/胸骨下角inquiry /in kwai ri ( inkwiri)/问诊inspection /in spek ( )n/视诊inspiratory capacity, IC/in spai r t ri k p siti/深吸肚量intercostal space /int k st l speis/肋空隙interleukin I /int lju:kin/白细胞介素intermittent claudication /int mit nt kl:di kei n/ 间歇性跛行intermittent fever/int mit nt fi:v(r)/体歇热interscapular region/int sk pjul(r)ri:d n/肩胛间区intestinal obstruction/in testin l b str k n/肠堵塞inward impulse/ inw d imp ls/负性心尖搏动iris / ai ris/虹膜irregular fever /i regjul(r)fi:v(r)/ 不规则热irritable bowel syndrome,IBS /irit b()l bau l sindr um/肠易激综合征jaundice / d:ndis/黄疸junctional premature beat/ d nk n l prem t u(r)bi:t/ 交界性早搏Kayser-Fleischer ring / kaiz (r)flai/凯-弗二氏环Kent ’ s bundle/kents b ndl/肯特氏束，房室肌束Kernig ’ s signk/ :nigz sain/克尼格氏征Klebsiellar pneumonia / klebzi el nju:(nu:) m uni /克雷白杆菌肺炎knee jerk /ni: d:k/膝反射knife-like pain /naif laik pein/刀割样痛koilonychia / k il u niki /匙状甲Kussmaul ’ s respiration/ kusmaulz resp rei n/库斯毛尔氏呼吸kyphosis /kai f usis/脊柱后凸laryngeal pharynx/l rind i l f ri ks/喉咽larynx / l ri ks/喉Lasegue ’ s sign/la: si:gz sain/拉塞格氏征late diastolic gallop/leit dai st lik g l p/舒张后期奔马律latent jaundice/ leit nt d:ndis/隐性黄疸left anterior fascicular block, left anterior bemiblock,LAH/left n ti ri (r) f sikjul (r)bl k/前支传导阻滞left bundle branch block, LBBB/left b nd( )l bra:nt bl k/左束支传导阻滞left lower quadrant/left l u(r)kw dr nt/ 左下腹left posterior fascicular block或 left posterior hemiblock,LPH/left p sti ri (r)f sikjul(r)bl k/后支传导阻滞left upper quadrant/left p(r)kw dr nt/ 左上腹leukocytic pyrogen/lju:k u sitik pai r ud n/ 白细胞致热原leukoplakia / lju:k u pleiki /白斑light palpation / lait p l pei n/浅部触诊法liver cirrhosis / liv (r) si r usis/肝硬化liver palms / liv (r) pa:m/肝掌liver thrill / liv (r)ril/震颤lobar pneumonia / l ub (r) nju:(nu:) m uni /大叶性肺炎location /l u kei ( )n/部位lordosis /l : d usis/脊柱前凸luminar flow/lumin fl u/层流lung volume/l v lju:m(lj m)/肺容积lymphedema / limfi di:m / 淋巴性水肿maculae /m kjuli:/斑疹maculopapulae/m kjul p pju:li:/斑丘疹manubrium sterni/m nu:bri m st:nai/胸骨柄Marfan ’ s syndrome/ma: fa:nz sindr um/马方氏综合征marrital history/ m rit l hist ri/婚姻史masked facies/ma:(m)skt fei ii:z/ 面具面貌masses /m s(ma:s)/包块Master 2-step exercise / ma:st (r) ( m st r)‘ ekssaiz/二级梯运动mastoid / m st id/乳突maximal midexpiratary flow curve MMEF、MMF/ m ksim( )l mideks pair t ri fl u k :v/最大喊气中段流量maximal voluntary ventilation, MVV/ m ksim( )l v l nt ri venti lei n/最大通肚量McBurney’ s incision /m k b :ni:z in si n/麦克伯尼氏切口mediate percussion / mi:dieit p k( )n/间接叩诊medium rales / mi:di m reil/中湿罗音melanin / mel nin/黑色素melena /m li:n/ 黑便menstrual history/menstru l hist ri/ 月经史microcephaly/maikr u sef li/小颅 ,小头畸形midaxillary line/mid k sil ri lain/腋中线midclavicular line/midkl vikjul lain/锁骨中线middle and late systolic clicks/mid( )l leit si st lik klik/ 缩短中、后期喀音migratory glossitis/maigr t ri gl saitis/移行性舌炎minute ventilation VE/minit venti lei n/每分钟静息通肚量mitral facies / maitr l fei ii:z/二尖瓣面貌mitral insufficiency/ maitr l ins fi nsi/二尖瓣封闭不全mitral stenosis / maitr l sti n usis/二尖瓣狭小mobility /m u bil ti/活动度moist rale /m ist reil/湿罗音moisture / m ist(r)/湿度mono-phasic curve/m n u feizik k:v/单相曲线monoplegia/m n u pli:gi/单瘫moon facies/ mu:n fei ii:z/满月面貌mouth /mau /口mucocutaneous hemorrhage / mju:k ukju teini s hem rid / 皮肤粘膜出血Murphy button/ m:fi b t n/墨菲氏钮（肠符合钮）muscle atrophy/ m s()l tr fi/肌肉萎缩muscular tone / m skjul (r) t un/肌张力Musset ’ s sign/mju:seits/缪塞氏征（头节律性跳动）myocardial infarction/mai u ka:di l in fa:k n/心肌堵塞myocardial injury /mai u ka:di l ind ri/“ 损害性”改变myocardial ischemia/mai u ka:di l is ki:mi/心肌缺血myodynamia/ mai udai n mi/肌力myxedema /miks di:m/黏液性水肿nasal ala flap/ neiz()l eil fl p/鼻翼扇动nasal sinus /neiz( )l sain s/鼻窦nasopharynx/ neiz u f ri ks/鼻咽nausea / n :si ( n :zi )/恶心nephrotic facies/ne fr tik fei ii:z/肾病面貌neurogenic bladder/nju r u d enik bl d(r)/神经原性膀胱nipple / nip()l/乳头non-infective fever/n in fektiv fi:v(r)/非感染性发热nonparoxysmal tachycardia/n np r ksizm l t ki ka:di / 非阵发性心动过速nuclear icterus//nju:(nu:)kli(r)ikt r s/ 核黄疸nuclear jaundice/nju:(nu:)kli(r)d:ndis/核黄疸nystagmus/ni st gm s/眼球震颤obesity /u bi:s ti/肥胖obstetrician hand/bste tri n h nd/ 助产士手olfactory examination/ l f kt ri ig z mi nei()n/ 嗅诊Oliver ’ s sign/liv z sain/奥利弗氏征opening snap/up ni sn p/开瓣音opisthotonos position/pis t n s p zi()n/角弓反张位Oppenheim’ s sign / penhaimz sain/奥本海姆氏征oral pharynx/:r l f ri ks/口咽organic scoliosis/: g nik sk li usis ( sk uli usis)/ 脊柱器质性侧凸orthopnea/:pni/逼迫坐位、端坐呼吸ortho-sthenic type/:s enik taip/正力型（均称型）oxycephaly/ksi sef li/尖颅pacemaker/peismeik(r)/起搏点pain/pein/痛苦pallor/ p l(r)/苍白palpation/p l pei n/触诊palpitation/p lpi tei( )n/心悸papule /p pju:l/丘疹paradoxical pulse/p r d ksik l p ls/ 奇脉paradoxical splitting/p r d ksik l spliti /失常分裂paralytic squint/p r litik skwint/麻木性斜视paraplegia/p r pli:d/截瘫parasternal line/p r st:n l lain/胸骨旁线parasystole/p r sist li/并行心律parietal pleura/p rait()l plu r/壁层胸膜Parkinson’ s disease/pa:kins nz di zi:z/震颤麻木Parkinson’ s disease/pa:kins nz di zi:z/震颤麻木 ,帕金森氏瘤parotid gland/pe r tid gl nd/腮腺paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, PSVT/p(p)r k(r k)sizm l t ki ka:di /阵发性心动过速paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, PSVT/p(p)r k(r k)sizm l sju:pr ven trikjul t ki ka:di/阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia,PSVT/p(p)r k(r k)sizm l sju:pr ven trikjul t ki ka:di/阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysmal tachycardia/ p(p)r k(r k)sizm l t ki ka:di /阵发性心动过速paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia/p(p)r k(r k)sizm l ven trikjul(r)t ki ka:di/阵发性室性心动过速past history /pa:st (p st)hist ri/既往史patella clonus/p tel kl un s/髌阵挛pectoriloquy / pekt ril kwei/胸语音pellagra /pi l gr/糙皮病pendular rhythm /pendju(dj)l(r)ri m (ri m)/ 钟摆律peptic ulcer/peptik ls(r)/消化性溃疡percussion/p k()n/叩诊percussion sound/p k( )n saund/叩诊音pericardial effusion/peri ka:di l i fju:( )n/心包积液pericardial friction sound/peri ka:di l frik()n saund/ 心包摩擦音pericardial knock/peri ka:di l n k/心包叩击音peristalsis /peri st ksis/蠕动波personal history / p :s n( )l hist ri/个人史petechia /pi ti:(te)ki/瘀点physical examination/fizik l ig z mi nei()n/体格检查physical examination/fizik l ig z mi nei()n/体格检查physiologic splitting/fizi u l d ik spliti/生理分裂pigeon chest / pid ( )n t est/鸡胸pigmentation /pigm n tei()n/色素沉稳pitting edema/piti i di:m/压陷性水肿pituitary dwarfism/pi tju:it ri (pi tu:teri)dw:fiz m/垂体性侏儒症plantar reflex/ pl nt(r)ri:fleks/跖反射pleural effusion/plu r l i fju:()n/胸腔积液pleural friction fremitus/plu r l frik()n fremit s/胸膜摩擦感pleural friction rub/plu r l frik()n r b/胸膜摩擦音pneumoperitoneum/nju:m u peri t uni m/气腹pneumothorax/nju:m u:r ks/气胸pooly/ pu:li/不良position/p zi()n/体位positive position/p zitiv p zi ()n/被动体位posterior axillary line/p sti ri(r)k sil ri lain/腋后线posterior midline/p sti ri(r)midlain/后正中线posture/ p st(r)/姿势posture scoliosis/p st(r)sk li usis (sk uli usis)/ 姿势性侧凸premature beat/prem t u(r)bi:t/过早搏动premature beat/prem t u(r) (pri:m tu r)bi:t/心房presystolic gallop/prisi st lik g l p/缩短期前奔马律protodiastolic gallop /pr ut dai st lik g l p/舒张初期奔马律ptosis / pt usis/ 上睑下垂pulmonary capillary wedge pressure , PCWP/ p lm n ri k pil ri wed pre(r)/肺毛细血管楔嵌pulse deficit/p ls defisit/脉搏短绌pulse deficit/p ls defisit/短绌或短绌脉pulse pressure /p ls pre(r)/脉压pulseless / p lslis/无脉病pulsus alternans/ p ls s:lt:n n/ 交替脉pulsus magnus/p ls s m gn s/洪脉pulsus tardus/p ls s ta:d s/迟脉pupil / pju:pil/瞳孔purpura/ p :pju r /紫癜pyrogen/ pai(pi)r ud n/致热原quadruple rhythm/kw drup()l (kw dru:plrim ( rim)/ 四乐律R on T phenomenon/fi n min n(n n)/rachitic chest/r(r)kitik t est/佝偻病胸rachitic rosary /r(r)kitik r uz ri/佝偻病串珠radiating pain / reidieit pein/放射痛radioperiosteal reflex/reidi u peri sti l ri:fleks/ 桡骨骨膜反射rebound tenderness /ri:baund (ri baund)tend nis/ 反跳痛recurrent fever /ri k r nt fi:v(r)/回归热redness / rednis/发红referred pain /ri f :d pein/涉及痛reflex /ri:fleks/反射refractory period /ri fr kt ri pi ri d/不该期regional lung function/ri:d n()l f k ()n/地区性肺功能regular/regjul(r)/一向型relative refractory period/rel tiv ri fr kt ri pi ri d/相对不该期remittent fever/ri mit()nt fi:v(r)/弛张热residual volume, RV/ri zidju l v lju:m(lj m)/残气容积resonance/rez n ns/清音resonance/rez n ns/清音retention of urine/ri ten()n ju rin/尿潴留reversed splitting/ri v:st spliti/逆分裂rhonchi/r kai/干罗音rib /rib/肋骨right bundle branch block, RBBB/rait b nd( )l bra:nt bl k/ 右束支传导阻滞right lower quadrant/rait l u(r)kw dr nt/右下腹right upper quadrant/rait p(r)kw dr nt/右上腹rigidity/ri d id ti/强直性rigor /raig:(r) (rig(r)/寒战ringer finger test /ri(r)fi g(r) test/指指试验Romberg’ s sign k/mb:gz sign/罗姆伯格氏征rosacea/r u zei i/酒渣鼻roseola/r u zi:l(r uzi ul)/玫瑰疹Rotor ’ s syndrome/ r ut(r)sindr um/罗特尔氏综合征ruler pressing test / ru:l (r)presi test/尺压试验saddle nose / s dl n uz/鞍鼻sardonic feature /sa: d nik fi:t(r)/苦笑面貌scalp /sk lp/头皮scaphoid / sk f id/舟状腹scapula / sk pjul /肩胛骨scapular line / sk pjul (r) lain/肩胛线scar /ska:(r)/瘢痕scissors gait / siz z geit/前刀式步态sclera / skli r(skle r )/巩膜scratcb sound/skr t saund/搔弹音senile plaque/si:nail pla:k (pl k)/老年斑setting sun phenomenon / seti s n fi n min n(n n)/ 日落现象sex /seks/性别shifting dullness/ifti d lnis/挪动性浊音sibilant rhonchi/sibil nt r kai/高调干罗音sick sinus syndrome , SSS /sik sain s sindr um(dr m)/ 病态窦房结综合征sino-auricular block, SAB/sain u: rikjul(r)bl k/窦房传导阻滞sinus arrest / sain s rest/窦性静止sinus arrhythmia/sain s ri mi/窦性心律不齐sinus arrhythmia/sain s ri mi/窦性心律不齐sinus bradycardia/sain s br di ka:di/窦性心动过缓sinus phrenicocostalis/sain s frinik k s t lis/肋膈窦sinus tachycardia / sain s t ki ka:di /窦性心动过速size /saiz/大小skin eruption /skin i r p ( )n/皮疹skin retraction /skin ri tr k n/皮肤回缩skull /sk l/头颅small airway function/sm :l e wei f k( )n/吝啬道功能small pulse /sm:l p ls/细脉smooth tongue/smu:t/ 圆滑舌somnolence /s mn l ns/嗜睡sonorous rhonchi/s n :r s ( s n r s)r kai/低调干罗音sore tongue /s:(r)t/舌痛spider angioma/ spaid(r)nd i um/蜘蛛痣spinous process/ spain s pr uses ( pr ses)/ 脊柱棘突splitting of heart sounds/ spliti ha:t saund/心音分裂squared skull / skwe (r) sk l/巨颅stabbing pain/ st bi pein/刺痛stained yellow/ stein jel u/黄染steppage gait/ stepeid geit/跨阈步态sternal angle, Louis’ s/stangel:n l g( )l lu:is (lwi:s)/ 胸骨角sternal line /st:n l lain/胸骨线stethoscope/ ste sk up/听诊器sthenic type/ s enik taip/超力型（矮胖型）stool with occult blood/stu:l( )k lt bl d/隐血便strawberry tongue/ str:b ri (beri)t/ 草莓舌stupor / stju:p (r) ( stu:p(r)/昏睡subcutaneous emphysema /s bkju: teini s emfi si:m /皮下气肿subcutaneous nodule/s bkju:teini s n dju:l/皮下结节succussion splash /s k n spl/振水音summation gallop /s mei()n g l p/重叠奔马律superficial appearance/ su:(sju:)p fi()l pi r ns/表观状况supraclavicular fossa/sju:pr kl vikjul f s /锁骨下窝suprascapular region/sju:pr sk pjul ri:d n/肩胛上区suprasternal fossa /sju:pr st:n l f s/胸骨上窝suprasternal notch /sjupr st:n l n t /胸骨上切迹symmetry / simitri/对称性symptom / simpt m/症状symptomatology / simpt m t l d i/症状学synaesthesia / sinis(ni:s) i:zi ( i )/复合感觉systems review / sist m ri vju:/系统回首systolic ejection sounds /si st lik i d ek n saund/缩短期发射音systolic murmur/si st lik m :m(r)/缩短性杂音tachypnea / t kip ni: /呼吸过速tactile fremitus/ t ktail fremit s/触地震颤tarry stool/ t ri stu:l/柏油便temperature / temprit(r)/体温tenderness / tend nis/压痛tenesmus /ti nez(s)m s/里急后重tetany / tet ni/手足搐搦thalposis / l p usis/温觉thermotaxic center /:m u t ksik sent (r)/体温调理中枢thigmesthesia /igmis i:zi /触觉thirst /:st/渴感thoracic expansion/:(u)r sik ik sp n()n/胸廓扩充度thready pulse/redi p ls/丝脉three depressions sign/ri:di pre ()n sain/三凹征thrill / ril/震颤throbbing pain/r bi pein/绞痛与搏动性痛thrombasthenia /r mb s i:ni/血小板无力症sinus bradycardia/sain s br di ka:di/窦性心动过缓sinus phrenicocostalis/sain s frinik k s t lis/ 肋膈窦sinus tachycardia/sain s t ki ka:di/ 窦性心动过速size /saiz/ 大小skin eruption/skin i r p()n/皮疹skin retraction/skin ri tr k n/皮肤回缩skull /sk l/头颅small airway function /sm :l e wei f k ( )n/吝啬道功能small pulse /sm :l p ls/细脉smooth tongue /smu:t/圆滑舌somnolence / s mn l ns/嗜睡sonorous rhonchi/s n :r s ( s n r s)r kai/低调干罗音sore tongue /s :(r)t/舌痛spider angioma / spaid (r)nd i um/蜘蛛痣spinous process/ spain s pr uses ( pr ses)/ 脊柱棘突splitting of heart sounds/spliti ha:t saund/心音分裂squared skull/skwe(r)sk l/巨颅stabbing pain/st bi pein/刺痛stained yellow/stein jel u/黄染steppage gait/stepeid geit/跨阈步态sternal angle, Louis’ s/stangel:n l g( )l lu:is (lwi:s)/ 胸骨角sternal line /st:n l lain/胸骨线stethoscope / ste sk up/听诊器sthenic type / s enik taip/超力型（矮胖型）stool with occult blood/stu:l()k lt bl d/隐血便strawberry tongue/str:b ri (beri)t/草莓舌stupor / stju:p (r) (stu:p(r)/昏睡subcutaneous emphysema /s bkju: teini s emfi si:m /皮下气肿subcutaneous nodule/s bkju:teini s n dju:l/皮下结节succussion splash/s k n spl/振水音summation gallop/s mei()n g l p/重叠奔马律superficial appearance /su:(sju:)p fi()l pi r ns/表观状况supraclavicular fossa/sju:pr kl vikjul f s /锁骨下窝suprascapular region/sju:pr sk pjul ri:d n/肩胛上区suprasternal fossa/sju:pr st:n l f s/胸骨上窝suprasternal notch/sjupr st:n l n t /胸骨上切迹symmetry / simitri/对称性symptom / simpt m/症状symptomatology / simpt m t l d i/症状学synaesthesia / sinis(ni:s) i:zi ( i )/复合感觉systems review / sist m ri vju:/系统回首systolic ejection sounds /si st lik i d ek n saund/缩短期发射音systolic murmur/si st lik m :m(r)/缩短性杂音tachypnea / t kip ni: /呼吸过速tactile fremitus/ t ktail fremit s/触地震颤tarry stool/ t ri stu:l/柏油便temperature / temprit(r)/体温tenderness / tend nis/压痛tenesmus /ti nez(s)m s/里急后重tetany /tet ni/手足搐搦thalposis/l p usis/温觉thermotaxic center/:m u t ksiksent (r)/ 体温调理中枢thigmesthesia/igmis i:zi/ 触觉thirst /:st/渴感thoracic expansion/:(u)r sik ik sp n( )n/胸廓扩充度thready pulse/redi p ls/丝脉three depressions sign/ri:di pre()n sain/三凹征thrill / ril/震颤throbbing pain/r bi pein/绞痛与搏动性痛thrombasthenia /r mb s i:ni/血小板无力症thyroid / air id/甲状腺tidal capacity TC / taid( )l k p siti/潮肚量tone /t un/语调tongue/t/舌torsive ventricular tachycardia/ t:siv ven trikjul(r)t ki ka:di/扭转型室性心动过速torticolis/t:ti k lis/斜颈sk l/塔颅tower skull/ tau(r)。
诊断学( Diagnostics)
临床诊断学发展简史
1.祖国医学 2.西方医学 3.近代医学
中国古代医学
辨认：心肌缺血、心梗、房室肥大、期前收缩、房颤、 室颤、传导阻滞等常见异常改变
5、能系统整理资料，书写规范化病历 6、能综合分析资料，提出诊断印象或初步诊断
心电图、超声、内窥镜、X线、CT、磁共振、PET„„
临床上常用的各种诊断操作技术：
如：胸腔穿刺、腹腔穿刺、骨髓穿刺„„
诊断学的任务
如何接触病人
如何通过问诊确 切了解病情 如何正确运用视、 触分析、鉴别诊断
初步诊断
诊断的学习要领
搜集资料
采集病史 体格检查 化验与特检 观察疾病全过程
医生用自己的感官或传统的辅助器具对患者进行系统的
观察和检查，揭示肌体正常和异常征象的临床诊断方法。
动作协调、轻柔、规范，既不使患者感到不适，又能获得准确结果。
Inspection (视） Palpation （触） Percussion （叩）
Auscultation （听）
4、实验室检查（laboratory examination）
2、症状和体征
症状(symptom): 患者患病后对肌体生理功能异 常的自身体验和感觉，即主诉（complaints）
如：瘙痒、头痛、心悸、气短、胀闷、恶心、眩晕„„
体征(sign): 患者的体表或内部结构发生可察觉 的改变
如：皮肤黄染、肝脾肿大、心脏杂音„„
3、体格检查（physical examinaton）
诊断学英文必背
诊断学英文必背！总的部分：视诊（inspection）、触诊（palpation）、叩诊（percussion）、听诊（auscultation）一、心脏部分：1、疾病：二尖瓣狭窄（mitral stenosis）、二尖瓣关闭不全（mitral insufficiency，mitral regurgitation）、主动脉狭窄（aortic stenosis）、主动脉关闭不全（aortic insufficiency，aortic regurgitation）2、视诊：心前区隆起protrusion of precordium、鸡胸（keeled chest）3、触诊：心尖搏动（apical impulse）、负性搏动（inward impulse）、震颤（thrill）4、叩诊：心浊音界（cardiac dullness border）5、听诊：窦性心律不齐（sinus arrhythmia）、期前收缩（premature beat）、二联律（bigeminal beats）、大炮音（cannon sound）、奔马律（gallop rhythm）、舒张期（diastolic）、收缩期（systolic）开瓣音（opening snap）、喀喇音（ejection click）、增强型杂音（crescendo）、二、呼吸部分：1、疾病：大叶性肺炎（lobar pneumonia）、支气管哮喘（bronchial asthma）、气胸（pneumothroax）、胸腔积液（pleural effusion）、肺气肿（pulmonary、emphysema））2、视诊：腹式呼吸（diaphragmatic）、呼吸困难（dyspnea）、三凹征（depression sigh）、3、触诊：语音震颤（vocal fremitus）4、叩诊5、听诊：moist rale（湿罗音、coarse、medium、fine、crepitus）、dry rales/rhonchi（干啰音、sonorous（低）、sibilant（高））、vocal resonance（语音共振）、支气管语音（bronchophony）、胸语音（pectoriloquy）、羊鸣音（egophony）三、腹部部分：1、疾病：大叶性肺炎（lobar pneumonia）、支气管哮喘（bronchial asthma）、气胸（pneumothroax）、胸腔积液（pleural effusion）、肺气肿（pulmonary、emphysema））2、视诊：腹水（ascites）、水母头（caput medusae）、蠕动波（peristalsis）3、叩诊：移动性浊音（shifting dullness）4、触诊：板状腹（board-like rigidity）、振水音（succusion splash）5、听诊：。
英语语法词汇详解diagnosis
英语语法词汇详解diagnosis diagnosis英[ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs]美[ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊsɪs]n.诊断；判断；特征简介复数：diagnoses同根词词根：diagnosediagnosticadj. 诊断的；特征的n. 诊断法；诊断结论diagnosticsn. 诊断学（用作单数）diagnosingn. 诊断v. 诊断（diagnose的现在分词）diagnosticiann. 诊断专家；诊断医生diagnosevi. 诊断；判断vt. 诊断；断定英文释义：diagnosis (of something) the act of discovering or identifying the exact cause of an illness or a problem(对某事物的)诊断发现或确定疾病或问题的确切原因的行为举个例子：1.They are waiting for the doctor's diagnosis.他们在等待医生的诊断。
2.An accurate diagnosis was made after a series of tests.经过一系列测试后，做出了准确的诊断。
3.Diagnosis is one of the most important parts of the doctor’s work.诊病是医生工作中最重要的环节之一。
4.I was stunned by the diagnosis and did not dare to tell him what was written there.我一看诊断书，顿时怔住了，没敢对他明说。
常用短语：diagnosis of lung cancer肺癌的诊断make a diagnosis做出诊断differential diagnosis鉴别诊断prenatal diagnosis[妇产]产前诊断；产前检查correct diagnosis正确诊断accurate diagnosis确诊；正确诊断pathologic diagnosis病理诊断；病理学诊断；病理检查诊断definite diagnosis确诊preliminary diagnosis初步诊断；初诊wrong diagnosis误诊；错误判断make diagnosis作出诊断；确定诊断computer diagnosis计算机诊断；电脑诊断computer fault diagnosis 计算机故障诊断confirm diagnosis诊断；确诊give diagnosis给出诊断；得出诊断。
诊断学(diagnostics)
五、个人史 1、 社会经历 ２、职业与工作条件 ３、习惯与嗜好 ４、情志状态与冶游史、吸毒史 ５、婚姻史 ６、月经及生育史
六、家族史
入院病历
姓名 刘德华 性别 女 年龄 32岁 民族 汉 婚姻 已 职业 工人 工作单位 上海橡胶公司 住址 上海市蒙古路202号 病史陈述者 本人 入院日期 1999.5.30 病史记录日期 1999.5..30
树立质量法制观念、提高全员质量意 识。20. 11.220. 11.2Mo nday, November 02, 2020
人生得意须尽欢，莫使金樽空对月。1 5:43:55 15:43:5 515:43 11/2/2 020 3:43:55 PM
安全象只弓，不拉它就松，要想保安 全，常 把弓弦 绷。20. 11.215: 43:5515 :43Nov -202-N ov-20
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２、问诊从主诉开始
三、问诊的注意事项: 1、问诊前先拉近医患关系 2、避免暗示性提问和逼问 3、避免使用医学术语 4、避免重复提问 5、其他
思考题
1 诊断学的内容包括哪些？ 2 问诊的方法与注意事项？ 3 问诊包括哪些内容？ 4 病史的内容包括哪些？
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诊断学(diagnostics)(一般状态)
体格检查时注意事项-3
7. 初学者应该经过反复训练，培养系统、规范 的操作技能，以避免遗漏或不必要的重复。 8. 在体格检查过程中，应注意左、右及相邻部 位等的对照检查。 9. 被检者如病情严重，暂不允许作系统检查时 ，则应根据主诉和临床主要表现做重点检查 ，并立即抢救，待病情好转后，在进行系统 、全面的体格检查。
触诊注意事项-2
4. 触诊下腹部时，应嘱病人排尿，以免将 充盈的膀胱误认为腹腔包块，有时也需 排便后检查。 5. 触诊时医师应手脑并用，边检查边思索 。应注意病变的部位特点毗邻关系，以 明确病变的性质和来源。
叩诊（percussion）
医师用手指扣击身体表面某一部位， 使之震动而产生音响，根据震动和声响 的特点来判断被检查部位的脏器状态有 无异常的一种方法。
(1)深部滑行触诊法（deep slipping palpation） →方法：医师以并拢的二、三、四指末端 逐渐触向腹腔脏器或包块，在被触及的 脏器或包块表面做上下左右的滑行触摸 。 →适用范围：腹腔脏器或深部肿块。
(2)双手触诊法 (bimanual palpation) 方法:医师将右手置于被检查部位进行触 诊，左手置于被检查脏器或肿块的后部 ，并将被检查部位的脏器、肿块推向右 手方向，使脏器固定且更接近体表，利 于右手触诊。 适用范围：肝、脾、肾等脏器及腹腔肿 块的检查。
嗅诊（olfactory examination）
通过嗅觉来判断发自病人的异常气味与
疾病之间关系的一种方法。 临床工作中，嗅诊可迅速提供具有重要 意义的诊断线索，但必须要结合其他检 查才能做出正确的诊断。
嗅诊-1
正常汗液无特殊强烈刺激气味 酸性汗液见于风湿热和长期服用水杨酸
、阿司匹林等解热镇痛药物的患者 特殊的狐臭味见于腋臭等患者。
诊断学名词解释重点全
1.问诊(inquiry):即病史采集(history taking),是通过医生与患者进行提问与回答了解疾病发生与发展的过程．2.症状(symptom):是患者患病后对机体生理功能异常的自身体验和感觉．如疼痛．瘙痒．3.体征(sign):是患者的体表或内部结构发生可察觉的改变, 如皮肤黄染,肝脾肿大．4.体格检查(physicalexamination):是医生用自己的感官或传统的辅助器具(听诊器、叩诊锤、血压计等)对患者进行系统的观察和检查, 解释机体正常和异常征象的临床诊断方法．5.实验室检查(laboratoryexamination): 是通过物理．化学和生物学等实验室方法对患者的血液、体液、分泌物、排泄物、细胞取样和组织标本等进行检查,从而获得病原学、病理形态学或器官功能状态的资料,结合病史,临床症状和体征进行全面分析的诊断方法．6.主诉(chief complaints):患者感受最主要的痛苦或最明显的症状或体征,也就是本次就诊最主要的原因．7.现病史:记述患者病后的全过程,即发生、发展、演变和诊治经过.8.系统回顾:指各系统疾病均有其各自的特有症状,初学者必须按系统逐一询问,以便了解病人过去的健康状况和所患疾病.9.婚姻史:指询问未婚或已婚 , 结婚或离婚年龄,对方健康状况,夫妻关系如何,若已故要询问死因.10.发热(fever):当机体在致热源作用下或各种原因引起体温调节中枢的功能障碍时,体温升高超出正常范围,称发热. 11.中枢性发热:炙热因素不通过内源性致热源而直接作用与体温调节中枢使体温调定点上移后发出调节冲动,使体温升高,称为.12.稽留热(continued fever):体温恒定地维持在 39－40℃以上的高水平,达数天或数周,24小时内体温波动范围不超过1摄氏度,常见于大叶性肺炎.斑疹伤寒及伤寒高热期.13.弛张热(remittent fever):又称败血症热型.体温常在39℃以上,波动幅度大,24 小时内波动范围超过2℃,但都在正常水平.常见于败血症、风湿热、重症肺结核及化脓性炎症等.14.波状热:体温逐渐上升至39度或以上,数天后又逐渐下降至正常水平,持续数天后又逐渐升高,如此反复多次,多见于布鲁氏菌,称.15.症状(symptom):患者主观感受到不舒适或痛苦的异常感觉或病态改变称症状.16.体征(sign):医生或其他人能客观检查到的改变称体征.17.水肿(edema):人体组织间隙有过多的液体积聚使组织肿胀称为水肿.18.咯血(hemoptysis):喉及喉以下呼吸道任何部位的出血,经口排出者称咯血.19.牵涉痛(referred pain):是指内脏器官或深部组织的疾病引起的疼痛,可在体表的某一部位也发生痛感或痛觉过敏区.20.发绀(cyanosis):又称紫绀，是指血液中还原血红蛋白增多,使皮肤、粘膜呈青紫色的表现.21.中心性发绀:由于心肺疾病导致SaO2降低所指的发绀.22.呼吸困难(dyspnea):是指患者感到空气不足 ,呼吸费力: 客观表现呼吸运动用力,重者鼻翼扇动,张口耸肩,甚至出现发绀,呼吸辅助肌也参与活动,并伴有呼吸频率 ,深度与节律的异常.23.夜间阵发性呼吸困难:由于睡眠中迷走神经兴奋刺激冠状动脉收缩,心肌供血减少或者仰卧时肺活量减少肺淤血加重,因这种呼吸困难多在夜间睡眠中发作,故称.24.呕血(hematemesis):是上消化道疾病(指屈氏韧带以上的消化器官,包括食管、胃、十二指肠、肝、胆、胰疾病)或全身性疾病所致的急性上消化道出血,血液经口腔呕出.25.腹泻(diarrhea):是指排便次数增多,粪质稀薄,或带有粘液.脓血或未消化的食物.26.黄疸(juandice):由于血清中胆红素升高致使皮肤,黏膜和巩膜黄染的现象称黄疸.它是症状,也是体征.27.血尿(hematuria):尿液离心沉淀后,镜检下每高倍视野有红细胞3个以上,即为血尿.28.少尿(oliguria):正常成人如果24小时尿量小于400毫升,或每小时尿量小于17毫升,称为少尿.29.多尿:正常成人24小时尿量超过2500 毫升者称为多尿(polyuria).30.尿三杯试验:患者一次排尿, 将最初10〜20毫升尿液留于第一杯中，中间30〜40毫升尿液留在第二杯中，终末5〜10 毫升留在第三杯中 . 若第一杯尿液异常,病变部位可能在前尿道；第三杯尿液异常,病变在膀胱或后尿道；若三杯尿液均异常,病变在膀胱颈以上, 称.31.膀胱刺激征:膀胱区或后尿道病变,出现尿频、尿急、尿痛, 也称尿道刺激征.32.晕厥(faint):由于一时性广泛性脑供血不足所致的短暂意识丧失状态,发作时病人因肌张力消失不能保持正常姿势而倒地.一般为突然发作 , 迅速恢复,少有后遗症.33.昏睡:指接近于不省人事的意识状态,患者处于熟睡状态 , 不易唤醒.虽在强烈性刺激下可被唤醒,但很快又入睡.醒时答话含糊或答非所问.34.抽搐(tic):指全身或局部成群骨骼肌非自主地抽动或强烈收缩,常可引起关节运动和强直.35.惊厥(convulsion):全身或局部成群骨骼肌收缩表现为强直性和阵挛性时,称为惊厥.36.意识障碍(disturbance ofconsciousness):是指人对周围环境及自身状态的识别和觉察能力出现障碍.多由于高级神经中枢功能活动受损引起.37.低热:体温在37.3~38摄氏度.38.高热:体温在38~40摄氏度.39.超高热:体温在 41 摄氏度以上.40.放射痛:某一器官有病变 .除患病器官局部疼痛外,还可防射到远离该器官的某部相应体表出现疼痛感觉.41.绞痛:反腐剧烈疼痛及缓解交替出现.42.心悸(palpitation):指患者自觉心中悸动,甚至不能自主的一类症状.发生时,患者自觉心跳快而强,并伴有心前区不适感.43.恶心:指上腹部一种特殊不适的主观感觉.44.柏油便:消化道或小肠出血并在肠内停留时间较长,则因红细胞破坏后,血红蛋白在肠道内与硫化物结合形成硫化亚铁,使得粪便呈黑色,更由于附有黏液而发亮 ,类似柏油, 故又称柏油便.45.体格检查(physicalexamination):是医生运用自己的感官或借助于简便的检查器具(如体温表、血压计、叩诊锤、听诊器、检眼镜等) 来了解和评估机体健康状况的一系列最基本的检查方法.46.检体诊断(physicaldiagnosis):通过体格检查提出的临床判断称为检体诊断.47.视诊(inspection):是以视觉来观察患者全身或局部表现的诊断方法.48.触诊(palpation):是应用触觉来判断某一器官特征的一种诊法.49.叩诊(percussion):是用手指叩击身体某部表面,使之震动而产生音响,经传导至其下的组织器官,然后反射回来,被检查者的触觉和听觉所接收, 根据震动和音响的特点可判断被检查部位的脏器有无异常的一种方法.50.清音:频率约为100-128次/震动持续时间较长的音响.是正常肺部叩诊音.51.听诊(auscultation):听诊是医师根据病人身体各部分发出的声音判断正常与否的一种诊断方法52.生命征(vital sign):是评价生命活动存在与否及其质量的指标,包括体温、脉搏、呼吸和血压,为体格检查时必须检查的项目之一.53.热型:许多发热性疾病时 ,体温曲线的形状可有一定规律性,称为热型.54.嗜睡(somnolence):是一种轻度的意识障碍.患者呈病理性持续睡眠状态,经刺激可唤醒, 醒后能回答问题,能配合体格检查.刺激停止后又复入睡.55.意识模糊(confusion):是一种较嗜睡更重的意识障碍.患者虽能保持简单的精神活动, 但对周围事物的刺激判断能力下降,出现定向力障碍,常伴有错觉和幻觉,思维不连贯.56.昏睡(stupor):是一种较严重的意识障碍.须强烈刺激方能唤醒,但很快又入睡.醒时回答问题含糊不清或答非所问, 昏睡时随意运动明显减少或消失,但生理反射存在.57.谵妄(delirium):是一种以兴奋性增高为主的急性脑功能活动失调状态,其特点为意识模糊,定向力丧失伴有错觉和幻觉,烦躁不安,言语紊乱.可见于急性感染的发热期、颠茄类药物中毒、肝性脑病及中枢神经系统疾病等.58.被动体位(positiveposition):病人不能自己调整和变换肢体和躯干的位置, 见于极度衰弱和意识丧失者59.强迫体位(compulsiveposition):为了减轻疾病所致的痛苦,病人被迫采取的某种体位,称强迫体位.60.蹒珊步态(waddling gait):走路时左右摇摆如同鸭步,见于佝楼病、大骨节病、进行性肌营养不良、先天性双侧髋关节脱位等.61.体型(habitus):是身体各部发育的外观表现,包括骨骼肌肉的成长与脂肪分布状态等.62.二尖瓣面容(mitral facies):面色晦暗,双颊紫红,口唇轻度发绀,见于风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄.63.满月面容(moon facies):面圆如满月,皮肤发红,呈多血质表现,常有座疮,唇可有小须.见于库欣综合征(cushingsyndrome)及长期应用糖皮质激素患者.64.甲亢面容:面容惊愕,眼裂增大,眼球突出,目光闪烁,兴奋不安,烦躁易怒,见于甲状腺功能亢进,故称.65.间歇性破行(intermittentclaudication):病人行走过程中,因下肢突发性酸痛 ,软弱无力,而被迫停止行进 ,需小憩后方能继续走动.见于高血压、动脉硬化病人.66.慌张步态(festinating gait)起步困难,起步后小步行走 , 双脚擦地,身体前倾,越走越快,有难以止步之势,双上肢缺乏摆动动作,见于震颤麻痹.67.斑疹(maculae):只有局部皮肤颜色变化,既不高起皮面也无凹陷的皮肤损害,见于斑疹伤寒、丹毒、风湿性多形性红斑等.68.丘疹(papules):是一种较小的实质性皮肤隆起伴有颜色改变的皮肤损害,见于药物疹、麻疹、猩红热、湿疹等.69.斑丘疹(maculopapulae):在斑疹的底盘上出现丘疹为斑丘疹,见于猩红热、风疹及药疹等.70.荨麻疹(urticaria):又称风团,是局部皮肤暂时性的水肿性隆起,大小不等,形态不一,颜色苍白或淡红,消退后不留痕迹,是皮肤速发型变态反应所致,见于异性蛋白性食物、药物或其他物质过敏、虫咬伤等.71.玫瑰疹(roseolas):常于胸腹部出现的一种鲜红色、小的(直径多为2〜3mm)、圆形斑疹,压之退色.这是对伤寒和副伤寒具有重要诊断价值的特征性皮疹.72.瘀点(petechia):皮下出血斑点直径V2m m者，称为瘀点.73.紫癜(purpura):皮下出血斑点直径径为3〜5m m者,称为紫癜.74.瘀斑(ecchymosis):皮下出血斑点直径＞ 5mm者,称为瘀斑.75.血肿:片状出血伴皮肤显著隆起者称为血肿.76.蜘蛛痣(spider angioma):皮肤小动脉末端分支性血管扩张所形成的血管病,形似蜘蛛, 称为蜘蛛痣77.肝掌:慢性肝病患者的大、小鱼际及指腹处,皮肤常发红, 加压后褪色,称为肝掌.78.直接对光反射:用手电筒直接照射瞳孔并观察其动态反应,正常人照射瞳孔立即缩小,移开光源后立即恢复,称为.79.间接对光反射:用手隔开两眼,用手电筒照射一侧瞳孔观察另一侧瞳孔反应,正常当一侧瞳孔受光刺激,另一侧也立即缩小,称为.80.锁骨中线(midclavicularline):为通过锁骨的肩峰端与胸骨端两者中点的垂直线. 即通过锁骨中点向下的垂直线,左右各一条.81.Louis(胸骨)角：胸骨柄与胸骨体交接处向前突起而形成的夹角.82.腋前线(anterior axillaryline):为通过腋窝前皱襞沿前侧胸壁向下的垂直线,左右各一条.83.腋后线(posterior axillaryline):为通过腋窝后皱襞沿后侧胸壁向下的垂直线,左右各一条.84.肩胛线(scapular line):为双臂下垂时通过肩胛下角与后正中线平行的垂直线,左右各一条.85.肩胛间区(interscapularregion):为两肩胛骨内缘之间的区域.后正中线将此区分为左右两部.86.肩胛下角:肩胛骨的最下端称为肩胛下角.被检查者取直立位两上肢自然下垂时,肩胛下角可作为第7或第8肋骨水平的标志,或相当于第8胸椎的水平.此可作为后胸部计数肋骨的标志.87.肋脊角(costospinal angle):由第12 肋骨与脊柱构成的夹角称为肋脊角.此前为肾脏和输尿管所在的区域.88.肋膈窦(sinusphrenicocostalis):胸膜腔内每侧的肋胸膜与膈胸膜于肺下界以下的转折处称为肋膈窦,约有两三个肋间高度 . 由于其位置低,当深吸气时也不能完全被扩张的肺所充满.89.皮下气肿(subcutaneousemphysema):胸部皮下组织有气体积存时谓之皮下气肿.以手按压可出现埝发感或握雪感.90.桶状胸(barrel chest):为胸廓前后径增加,有时与左右径几乎相等,甚或超过左右径 , 故呈圆桶状.肋骨的斜度变小, 其与脊柱的夹角常大于 45o.肋间隙增宽且饱满.腹上角增大,且呼吸时改变不明显 .见于严重肺气肿的患者,亦可发生于老年或矮胖体形者.91.佝偻病串珠(rachiticrosary):在前胸壁沿胸骨两侧各肋软骨与肋骨交界处肥大隆起,形成串珠状,称.92.漏斗胸(funnel chest):若胸骨剑突处显著内陷,使胸廓呈漏斗状,谓之漏斗胸.93.鸡胸(pigeon chest):胸廓的前后径略长于左右径,其上下距离较短,胸骨下端常前突 , 胸廓前侧壁肋骨可凹陷,称为鸡胸.94.三凹征(three depressionsign):当上呼吸道部分梗阻，吸气时气体入肺不畅,呼吸肌收缩,肺内负压极度增高,吸气时间延长,发生吸气性呼吸困难.同时出现胸骨上窝、锁骨上窝及肋间隙向内凹陷.95.Cheyne-Stokes (潮式呼吸)呼吸:是一种由浅慢为深快 ,达到最大呼吸后再由深快逐渐变为浅漫,直至呼吸暂停一段时间之后再开始由浅慢变深快,如此周而复始的周期性呼吸.每一周期持续30s至2min 不等,其中暂停呼吸的时间为 5〜30s.96.腹式呼吸:呼吸以膈肌运动为主,胸廓下部及上腹部的动度较大,故称为腹式呼吸,多见于正常男性和儿童.97.胸式呼吸:呼吸以肋间肌的运动为主,称为胸式呼吸,多见于女性.98.呼吸过缓:呼吸频率低于12次 /分.99.呼吸过速:呼吸频率超过24次 /分.100.Litten现象:Litten现象又称膈波影,是借光线照射显示膈肌移动的一种方法.检查时被检查者取仰卧位,光源置于被检查者的头部或足部,检查者位于光源的对面或侧面,视线与被检查者前腹壁取平.被检查者吸气时可见一条狭窄的阴影由腋前线第7肋间向第10 肋间移动:呼气时阴影由下而上移动回归原位.此现象系膈肌随呼吸而上下移动所致,正常人移动范围为6cm,其变异的临床意义同肺下缘移动度. 101.Kussmaul呼吸:严重的代谢性酸中毒病人为排出体内较多的二氧化碳,调整酸碱平衡,可出现深而快的呼吸,称为Kussmaul呼吸或深长呼吸. 102.Biots(间停呼吸)呼吸：Biots 呼吸又称间停呼吸,表现为有规律地呼吸数次后突然停止呼吸,间歇短时间后又突然开始有规律地呼吸,如此周而复始.103.语音震颤:被检查者发音时产生声波,沿气管、支气管及肺泡,传到胸壁引起共鸣振动, 可用手掌在胸壁触到,故又称为触觉震颤(tactile fremitus).根据其振动的增强或减弱,可判断胸内病变的性质. 104.间接叩诊(indirectpercussion):检查者一手的中指第1和第2指节作为扣诊板,置于欲叩诊的部位上,另一手的中指指端作为叩诊锤, 以垂直的方向扣击于扳指上, 判断由胸壁及其下面的结构发出的声音.该法目前应用最为普遍.105.直接叩诊(directpercussion):检查者用中指掌侧或将手指并拢以其指尖对胸壁进行扣击,从而显示不同部位叩诊音的改变.106.Garland 三角区:胸腔积液时在Damoiseau曲线与脊柱之间可扣得一轻度浊鼓音的倒置三角区,称为Garland三角区.107.肺下界移动范围:受检者分别作深呼气,后屏住呼吸,叩出的两个最高和最低肺下界的之间的距离即.108.肺泡呼吸音:肺泡呼吸音是由于空气在细支气管和肺泡内进出移动的结果.109.支气管呼吸音(bronchialbreath sound):为吸入的空气在声门、气管或主支气管形成的湍流所产生的声音,颇似将舌抬高后经口腔呼气时发出的"ha"的音响，该呼吸音强而高调,吸气时相较呼气相短.110.管样呼吸音(异常支气管呼吸音)指在正常肺泡呼吸音分布区听到支气管呼吸音.111.支气管肺泡呼吸音(bronchovesicular breathsound):是兼有支气管呼吸音及肺泡呼吸音特点的混合呼吸音.音调较高且较响亮.但强度稍弱,音调稍低,管样性质少些和呼气相短些,在吸气和呼气之间有极短暂的间隙.112.齿轮呼吸音:由于肺脏局部性炎症或支气管狭窄,使空气不能均匀地进入肺泡,引起断续性呼吸音,因伴短促的不规则间歇,又称齿轮呼吸(cogwheel breathsound)音. 常见于肺炎、肺结核等.但应与因寒冷、疼痛或精神紧张所致的断续性肌肉收缩时的附加音相鉴别,后者与呼吸运动无关.113.啰音(rale):是呼吸音以外的附加音(adventitious sound), 该音正常情况下并不存在,故非呼吸音的改变,按性质不同可分为湿啰音和干啰音.114.湿啰音(moist rales):是由于吸气时气体通过呼吸道内的分泌物如渗出液、痰液、血液、粘液和脓液等,形成的水泡破裂所产生的声音,故又称水泡音(bubble sound).或认为由于小支气管壁因分泌物粘着而陷闭,当吸气时突然张开重新充气所产生的爆裂音 (crackles).115.干啰音(rhonchi):亦称为哮鸣,是一种持续时间较长的呼吸附加音,其发生机理是由于气管、支气管或细支气管狭窄或部分阻塞,空气吸入或呼出时发生湍流所产生的声音.116.Velcro啰音:弥漫性肺间质纤维化患者吸气后期出现的细湿啰音,其音调高,近耳颇似撕开尼龙扣带时发出的声音, 谓之Velcro啰音.117.捻发音(crepitus):是一种极细小而均匀一致的湿啰音.多在吸气末易听到.听诊时好象在耳旁用手指捻搓一来头发所产生的声音,故称捻发音. 其发生机理是由于细支气管和肺泡壁因分泌物存在而互相粘着陷闭,在吸气时被气流冲开而产生的高音调、高频率的细小破裂声.118.哨笛音:即高调干啰音(sibilant rhonchi),其音调高,其音频率可达500Hz以上，呈短促的"zhi-zhi"声或带音乐性.用力呼气时其音质常呈上升性,多起源于较小的支气管或细支气管.119.鼾音: 即低调干啰音(sonorous rhonchi),其音调低,其音频率约为100〜200Hz,呈呻吟声或鼾声的性质,多发生于气管或细支气管.120.胸语音(pectoriloquy):胸语音是一种更强、更响亮和较近耳的支气管语音,言词清晰可辨,容易听及.常见于更大范围的肺实变区域.有时在支气管语音尚未出现之前,即可查出.121.胸膜摩擦音:正常胸膜表面光滑,在胸膜腔内有微量液体起润滑作用,呼吸时脏、壁两层胸膜无摩擦音响.当胸膜有炎症或其他因素使表面变粗糙, 呼吸时可听到两层胸膜摩擦的声音,称为胸膜摩122.呼气性呼吸困难:下呼吸道阻塞患者,因气流呼出不畅 ,呼气需要用力,从而引起肋间隙膨隆,因呼气时间延长 ,称为呼气性呼吸困难,常见于支气管哮喘和阻塞性肺气肿.123.猫喘:震颤是触诊时感觉到的一种细小震动,此震颤与猫在安逸时产生的呼吸震颤相似, 故称.124.Graham Steel 杂音：二尖瓣狭窄造成严重肺动脉高压者,在肺动脉区可闻及舒张期杂音, 称Graham Steell 杂音.125.奔马律: 系在第二心音之后出现的响亮额外音,当心率快时与原有的第一、第二心音组成类似马奔跑时的蹄声.126.重叠型奔马律:为舒张早期和晚期奔马律在快速性心率或房室传导时间延长时在舒张中期重叠出现引起,使此额外音明显增强.127.心脏瓣膜听诊区:心脏各瓣膜开闭时产生的声音常沿血流方向传到体表,听诊最清楚的部位称为.128.大炮音: 完全性房室传导阻滞时房室分离,当心房心室同时收缩时可使第一心音增强, 称大炮音.129.心尖搏动:心尖搏动主要代表左室搏动,心脏收缩时心尖向前冲击前胸壁相应部位,使肋间软组织向外搏动而形成心尖搏动.130.负性心尖搏动:在心脏收缩时,心尖搏动内陷者,称负性心尖搏动.131.抬举性心尖搏动: 心尖抬举性搏动是指心尖区徐缓、有力、较局限的搏动,可使手指尖端抬起且持续至第二心音开始.与此同时心尖搏动范围也扩大,为左室肥厚的体征.132.脉搏短绌:在心脏听诊时,同时测定心率和脉搏,若脉率少于心律,这种脉搏脱落的现象称. 133.心率: 指每分钟心搏次数. 134.心律: 指心脏跳动的节律. 135.期前收缩: 指在规则心律基础上,突然提前出现一次心跳, 其后有一较长间歇.136.二联律: 期前收缩规律出现, 可形成联律.如每一次窦性搏动后出现一次期前收缩,称二联律.137.心音分裂: 第一心音或第二心音的两个主要成分之间的间距延长,导致听诊时其分裂为两个声音,即称心音分裂.138.第二心音固定分裂:房间隔缺损时,吸气时血量回流多 ,分流少；呼气时血量回流少,分流多,右室排血量及时间大致稳定,第二心音分裂几乎不受吸气呼气的影响,分裂的两个成分的时间距相对固定,故称. 139.额外心音: 指在正常心音之外听到的附加心音,但与心脏杂音不同.140.开瓣音(二尖瓣开放拍击音): 又称,出现于心尖内侧第二心音后0.07秒,听诊特点为音调高、历时短促而响亮、清脆,呈拍击样.见于二尖瓣狭窄时,舒张早期血液自左房迅速流入左室时,弹性尚好的瓣叶迅速开放后又突然停止所致瓣叶振动引起的拍击样声音.141.心脏杂音: 心脏杂音是指在心音与额外心音之外,在心脏收缩或舒张时血液在心脏或血管内产生湍流所致的室壁、瓣膜或血管壁振动所产生的异常声音.142.Austin Flint杂音：主动脉瓣关闭不全时,由于主动脉血液返流,使左室舒张期容量增加,故二尖瓣一直处于较高位置而形成相对性二尖瓣狭窄,因此,心尖区可闻及舒张中期隆隆样杂音，称Austin Flint杂音.143.无害性杂音:在颈根部近锁骨处甚至在锁骨下(尤其是右侧)可出现连续性柔和杂音,系颈静脉血液快速回流产生,又称颈静脉营营声.以手指压迫颈静脉,使血流暂时中断 ,杂音即消失.还有在正常儿童及青年,锁骨上可有轻而短的收缩期杂音,当双肩向后高度伸张可使杂音消失.该杂音发生原理尚不明确,可能来144.心包叩击音(pericardialknock):缩窄性心包炎时，可在第二心音后约0.1s处出现一个较响的短促声音.这是由于心包增厚,在心室快速充盈时,心室舒张受限,被迫骤然停止,使室壁振动产生此声音.145.毛细血管搏动征: 用手指轻压病人指甲末端或以玻片轻压病人口唇粘膜,可使局部发白,当心脏收缩时则局部又发红,随心动周期局部发生有规律的红、白交替改变即为毛细血管搏动征.主要见于主动脉瓣关闭不全等脉压增大的疾病.146.水冲脉:脉搏骤起骤落犹如潮水涨落,故名水冲脉.147.周围血管征:指是在某些疾病条件下检查周围血管时所发现的血管搏动或波形的改变, 统称为.148.奇脉:正常人吸气时由于胸腔负压增大.回心血量增多,肺循环血流量也增多,因而左心搏出量无明显变化.当有心脏压塞或心包缩窄时,吸气时由于右心舒张受限,回心血量减少继而影响右心排血量,致使肺静脉回流入左心房血量减少,形成脉搏减弱,甚至不能扪及,故又称“吸停脉”.明显的奇脉触诊时即可检知,不明显的可用血压计检测,吸气时收缩压较呼气时低10mmHg 以上.149.脉压:收缩压与舒张压之比.150.枪击音:在外周较大动脉表面,常选择股动脉,轻放听诊器鼓型胸件时可闻及与心跳一致短促如射枪的声音.主要见于主动脉瓣关闭不全、甲状腺功能亢进和严重贫血.151.Duroziez 双重杂音: 以听诊器鼓型胸件稍加压力于股动脉可闻及收缩期与舒张期双期吹风样杂音即Duroziez杂音.主要见于主动脉瓣关闭不全等脉压增大的疾病.152.窦性心律不齐: 正常人心律规则,部分青年人可出现随呼吸改变的心律:吸气时心率增快,呼气时减慢,称呼吸性窦性心律不齐,一般无临床意义.153.二尖瓣面容: 面色晦暗、双颊暗红,口唇轻度发绀,称二尖瓣面容.154.二尖瓣型心: 左房与肺动脉段均增大时,胸骨左缘第二、三肋间心浊音界增大,心腰更为丰满或膨出,心界形如梨, 常见于二尖瓣狭窄,故又称为二尖瓣型心.155.心力衰竭: 指在静脉回流无器质性障碍的情况下,由于心脏损害引起心排血量减少,不能满足机体代谢需要的一种综合征.临床上以肺和/或体循环淤血以及组织灌注不足为特征,又称充血性心力衰竭.156.板状腹(board-likerigidity):急性胃肠穿孔或脏器破裂所致急性弥漫性腹膜炎时,由于腹膜刺激而引起腹肌痉挛,腹壁常有明显紧张, 甚至强直硬如木板,称板状腹.157.揉面感(dough kneadingsensation):结核性腹膜炎发展较慢,对腹膜刺激缓渐 ,且有腹膜增厚和肠管、肠系膜的粘连,故导致腹壁柔韧而具抵抗力,不易压陷,称揉面感或柔韧感,亦可见于癌性腹膜炎.158.反跳痛(rebound tenderness):医师用手触诊腹部出现压痛后手指可于原处稍停片刻,使压痛感觉趋于稳定,然后迅速将手抬起,如此时患者感觉腹痛骤然加重,并伴有痛苦表情或呻吟,称为反跳痛.159.肝颈静脉回流征阳性:当右心衰竭及心脏压塞引起肝脏淤血肿大时,用手压迫可使颈静脉怒张更明显,称.160.Murphy征阳性:医师以左手掌平放于患者右肋下部,以拇指指腹勾压于右肋下胆囊点（腹直肌外缘与肋弓交界处）,然后嘱患者缓慢深吸气,如因剧烈疼痛而致吸气终止（不敢继续吸气）称Murphy征阳性,见于胆囊炎症.161.胃泡鼓音区:即Traube区.位于左前胸下部肋缘以上,约呈半圆形,为胃底穹窿含气而形成,叩诊呈鼓音,其上界为横膈及肺下缘,下界为肋弓,左界为脾,右界为肝左缘.162.移动性浊音（shiftingdullness）:腹腔内游离腹水在1000ml以上,病人移动体位时,液体因重力而移动,浊音区也随之变动,这种因体位不同而出现浊音区变动的现象, 称移动性浊音.163.腹膜炎三联征:急性腹膜炎时,出现的腹壁肌紧张,腹部压痛和反跳痛,称.164.肠鸣音（gurgling sound）:肠蠕动时,肠管内气体和液体随之而流动,产生一种断断续续的咕噜声（或气过水声）.165.振水音（succession splash）:胃内有多量液体及气体存留时可出现振水音,检查时患者仰卧,医生以一耳凑近上腹部, 同时以冲击触诊法振动胃部, 即可听到气、液撞击的声音.166.杵状指:亦称鼓棰指,表现为手指或足趾末端增生、肥厚、呈杵状膨大称为杵状指.167.指鼻试验:被检者手臂外展伸直,再以示指尖触自己的鼻尖, 由慢到快,先睁眼,后闭眼重复进行.168.偏瘫:为一侧肢体（上、下）瘫痪,常伴有同侧脑神经损害, 多见于颅内病变或脑卒中.169.截瘫:为双下肢瘫痪,是脊髓横贯性损伤的结果,见于脊髓外伤、炎症等。
诊断学单词英汉对照
一总论问诊inquiry症状symptom体征sign体格检查physical examination 实验室检查laboratory examination 初步诊断primary diagnosis视诊inspection触诊palpation冲击触诊法ballottement清音resonance鼓音tympany过清音hyperresonance浊音dullness实音flatness听诊auscultation二症状１发热稽留热continued fever弛张热remittent fever间歇热intermittent fever波状热undulant fever回归热recurrent fever不规则热irregular fever寒战rigor２水肿、胸痛、发绀、心悸心源性水肿cardiac edema肾源性水肿renal edema肝源性水肿hepatic edema黏液性水肿myxedema特发性水肿idiopathic edema血管神经性水肿angioneurotic edema胸痛chest pain放射痛radiating pain发绀cyanosis心悸palpitation心包积液pericardial effusion３咳嗽、咳痰、咯血、呼吸困难咳痰expectoration咯血hemoptysis呼吸困难dyspnea大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia慢性阻塞性肺气肿chronic obstructive emphysema 支气管哮喘bronchial asthma胸腔积液pleural effusion４恶心、呕吐、消化道出血、腹痛、腹泻、黄疸呕吐vomiting呕血hematemesis黑便melena隐血occultblood里急后重tenesmus腹痛abdominal pain腹泻diarrhea便秘constipation５血尿、尿频、尿急、尿痛、少尿、多尿尿频frequentmicturition尿急urgent m]ctunt]on尿痛(排尿困难) dysuria少尿oliguria多尿polyuria６头痛、昏厥、昏迷昏厥syncope嗜睡somnolence意识模糊confusion昏睡stupor昏迷coma三体格检查１一般检查和头、颈部检查恶病质cachexia肥胖obesiy意识障碍disturbance of consciousness 瘀点petechia血肿hematoma蜘蛛痣spiderangioma水肿edema淋巴结肿大lymphnodeenlargement ２胸部、肺部体格检查胸壁chest waH皮下气肿subcutaneousemphysema 扁平胸flatchest桶状胸barrelchest乳房breast三凹征threedepressionssign 酸中毒呼吸kussmaulbreath潮式呼吸chevne-stokesbreath 语音震颤vocaltremitus肺泡呼吸音vesicularbreathsounds 支气管呼吸音bronchialbreathsounds 啰音rale湿啰音moistrale干罗音rhonchi语音共振vocalresonance３心脏、血管检查震颤thrill心房颤动atrial fibrillation 心房扑动atrial flutter期前收缩premature beat心律cardiac rhythm心音分裂splitting of heart sounds三音律triple rhythm四音律quadruple rhythm二联律bigeminy三联律trigeminy奔马律gallop rhythm开瓣音opening snap心包叩击音pericardial knock肿瘤扑落音tumor plop喀喇音click收缩期杂音systolic murmur舒张期杂音diastolic murmur连续性杂音continuous murmur心包摩擦音pedcardial friction sound主动脉瓣狭窄aortic stenosis主动脉瓣关闭不全aortic insufficiency二尖瓣关闭不全mitral insufficiency二尖瓣狭窄mitral stenosisGraham Steell肺动脉瓣相对性关闭不全杂音Austin Flint二尖瓣相对性狭窄杂音脉搏短绌deficit pulse水冲脉waterhammer pulse奇脉paradoxical pulse血压systemic blood pressure动态血压监测ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(ABPM) 枪击音pistol shot sound毛细血管搏动征capillary pulsation４腹部检查左季肋部left hypochondrial region左腰部left lumber region；左髂部left iliac region；右季肋部right hypochondrial region右腰部right lumber region；右髂部right iliac region；上腹部epigastric region；脐部umbilical region； umbilical下腹部hypogastric region中上腹epigastrium腹水ascites蛙腹frog belly气腹pneumoperitoneum腹部凹陷abdominal retraction腹部膨胀abdominal distension舟状腹scaphoid abdomen水母头caput medusae胃、肠型gastral or intestinal pattern蠕动波peristalsis板状腹board-like rigidity揉面感dough kneading sensation压痛tenderness反跳痛rebound tenderness腹肌紧张(强直) Abdominal muscle rigid(guarding) 莫菲征Murphy's sign波动感fluctuation肝震颤liver thrill肝肿大hepatomegaly脾肿大splenomegaly腹块abdominal mass直肠检查rectal examination外痔external haemorrhoids 瘘管fistulae液波震颤fluid thrill振水音succussion splash移动性浊音shifting dullness尺压试验ruler pressing test肠鸣音bowel sounds摩擦音friction sound搔弹音scratch sound消化性溃疡pepticulcer黑便melena急性腹膜炎acute peritonitis肝硬化liver cirrhosis蜘蛛痣spider angioma急性阑尾炎acute appendicitis阑尾点McBurney Point肠梗阻intestinal obstruction 不对称asymmetry搏动pulsation５脊柱、四肢和神经系统检查杵状指acrooachv肌张力muscletone角膜反射cornealreflex膝反射kneereflex四病历书写主诉chief complaints现病史history of present illness既往史past history系统回顾review of systems个人史personal history婚姻史marrital history月经史menstrual history生育史childbearing history家族史family history五实验诊断１血细胞检查嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophil嗜碱性粒细胞basophil淋巴细胞lymphocyte单核细胞monocyte网织红细胞reticulocyte红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentation rate 血细胞比容hematocrit２骨髓细胞学检查浆细胞plasmacyte过氧化物酶peroxidase缺铁性贫血iron deficiency anemia溶血性贫血hemolytic anemia巨幼细胞贫血megaloblastic anemia白血病leukemiamyelodysplastic syndrome骨髓增生异常综合征多发性骨髓瘤multiple myelomaidiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 原发性血小板减少性紫癜３出血、凝血检验纤维蛋白原fibrinogen凝血时间clotting time出血时间bleeding time纤溶fibrinolvsis纤溶酶plasmin凝血酶thrombin凝血酶原prothrombin凝血活酶thromboplastin血粘度blood viscosity４脑脊液、浆膜腔积液检验漏出液transudatebilirubinuria胆红素尿尿频frequency of micturition血尿hematuria镜下血尿microscopic hematuria少尿oliguria多尿polyuria蛋白尿proteinuria脓尿pyuna６肝脏病常用的实验室检查血清总蛋白serum total protein血清白蛋白serum albumin血清球蛋白serum globulin蛋白电泳protein electrophoresis前白蛋白prealbumin凝血酶原时间prothrombin time胆红素bilirubin非结合胆红素unconjugated bilirubin尿胆原urobilinoaen尿胆素urobilin胆酸eholicacid靛氰绿indocvanine green，ICG丙氨酸氨基转移酶alanine aminotransferase，ALT 天门冬氨酸氨基转aspartate aminotransferase，AST 移酶同工酶isoenzyme碱性磷酸酶alkalinephosphatase，ALPY—谷氨酰转移酶Y—glutamyl transferase甲胎蛋白alpha fetoprotein AFP７常用的临床免疫学检查补体complement，C总补体溶血活性total hemolytic complemen tactivity，CH50erythrocyte rosette formation test，ERFTE玫瑰花结形成试验白细胞分化抗原cluster differentiation，CD表面膜免疫球蛋白surface membrane immunoglobulin，SmIgantibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity，ADCC 抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒白介素interleukin肿瘤坏死因子tumor necrosis factor，TNF干扰素interferon，IFNhepatitis B virus surface antigen，HBsAg乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原抗链球菌溶血素anti-streptolysin"O"，ASO“O”肥达反应Widal reaction，WR布氏杆菌病凝集试Brucella agglutination test验巨细胞病毒human cytomegalovirus，HCMV柯萨奇病毒Coxsaekie virus沙眼衣原体chlamydia trachomatishuman immunodefieiency virus，HIV人获得性免疫缺陷病毒外斐反应Weil-Felix reaction冷凝集试验cold agglutination test癌胚抗原carcinoembryonic antigen，CEA癌抗原125，糖链抗carcinoma antigenl25，carbohydrate antigen l25，CAl25 原125前列腺特异抗原prostatic specific antigen，PSA前列腺酸性磷酸酶prostate acid phosphatase，PAP自身免疫耐受autoimune tolerance类风湿因子rheumatoid factor，RF抗核抗体antinuelear antibody，ANA双链DNA double stranded-DNA，ds-DNA抗线粒体抗体anti-mitoehondria antibody，AMA甲状腺球蛋白thyroglobulin，TG甲状腺微粒体thyroid microsome，TManti-acetylcholine receptor antibody，AchRA抗乙酰胆碱受体抗体抗平滑肌抗体anti-smooth muscle antibody，ASMA循环免疫复合物circulating immunocomplex，CIC冷球蛋白cryoglobulin，CG六器械检查１心电图检查肢体导联limb leads胸导联chest leads电轴axis不应期refractory period易损期vulnerable period心律失常arrhythmiasinus tachycardia窦性心动过速窦性静止sinusar rest病态窦房结综合征sicksinus syndromeparoxysmal supraventricular tachyeardia 阵发性室上性心动过速室性心动过速ventricular tachycardia房室传导阻滞atrioventricula rblock，希氏束Hisbundle文氏现象Wenckebach phenomenon左束支传导阻滞left bundle branch block，LBBB右束支传导阻滞right bundle branch block，RBBB左前分支传导阻滞left anterior fascicular block预激综合征preexcitation syndrome逸搏心律escape rhythm反复心律reciprocal rhythm动态心电图ambulatory electrocardiography(Hoher) 平板运动试验treadmill test２肺功能检查补呼气量expiratory reserve volume，ERV补吸气量inspiratory capacity，IC肺活量vital capacitv，VC残气量residual volume，RV肺总量total lung capacity，TLC最大通气量maximal voluntary ventilation，MVV用力肺活量forced vital capacity，FVC最大呼气中段流量maximal mid—expiratory，flow MMEF肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation，VA。
诊断学英语词汇
诊断学英语词汇诊断学英语词汇大全诊断学，是运用医学基本理论、基本知识和基本技能对疾病进行诊断的.一门学科。
以下是小编带来的诊断学英语词汇大全，欢迎阅读。
abdomenal wall reflex 腹壁反射abdominal pain 腹痛abdominal retraction 腹部凹陷abdominal wall varicosis 腹壁静脉曲张absolute refractory period 绝对不应期absorption fever 吸收热accommodation reflex 调节反射achilles jerk 跟腱反射aching pain 酸痛acrocephalosyndactyly 尖颅并指(趾)畸形acromegaly 肢端肥大症acromegaly facies 肢端肥大症面容acropachy 杵状指active position 自主体位acute abdomen 急腹症acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎acute peritonitis 急性腹膜炎Adams-Stokes syndrome 亚-斯二氏综合征Addison’s disease 阿狄森氏病adolescent spurt 青春急激成长adventitious sound 附加音age 年龄albinism 白化症alternate motion 轮替动作alternative position 辗转体位alveolar ventilation, VA 肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation, VA 肺泡通气量amphorophony 空瓮音analgia 痛觉,缺失ankle clonus 踝阵挛anterior axillary line 腋前线anterior midline 前正中线aortic insufficiency 主动脉瓣关闭不全aortic stenosis 全动脉瓣狭窄Apert’s syndrome 阿佩尔氏综合征apical belly 尖腹apical impulse 心尖搏动arcus senilis 老年环areola 乳晕arrhythmia 心律失常arthresthesia 关节觉articulatio 关节articulus 关节ascites 腹水asthenic type 无力型(瘦长型)ataxia 共济失调ataxic gait 共济失调步态athetosis 手足徐动atrial fibrillation 心房颤动atrial fibrillation 房颤atrial flutter 心房扑动atrial gallop 房性奔马律audition 听力auricle 耳廓auriculo-ventricular block, AVB 房室传导阻滞auscultation 听诊Austin Flint murmur 奥斯汀.弗林特氏杂音axillary fossa 腋窝Babinski sign 巴宾斯基征bacteria pyrogen 细菌性致热原ballottement 冲击触诊法barrel chest 桶状胸basal lung capacity 基础肺容量basal lung volume 基础肺容积beefy tongue 牛肉舌belching 反酸、嗳气biceps reflex 肱二头肌反射bicycle ergometer test 踏车运动试验bimanual palpation 双手触诊法Biot’s respiration 比奥氏呼吸blood pressure, BP 血压board-like rigidity 板状腹borborygmus 肠鸣音bounding pulse 跳脉breast 乳房Broadbent’s sign 布罗德本特氏征bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘bronchial breath sound 支气管呼吸音bronchophony 支气管语音bronchovesicular breath sound 支气管肺泡呼吸音Brudzinski’s sign 布鲁金斯基氏征Budd-Chiari syndrome 巴-希二氏综合征buffalo bump 水牛背burning pain 烧灼痛bursting pain 烧灼痛、胀痛bypass bilirubin 旁路胆红素cachexia 恶病质cachexia 恶病质cannon sound 大泡音capillary pulsation 毛细血管搏动caput medusae 海蛇神头,梅杜沙氏头cardiac asthma 心原性哮喘cardiac murmurs 心脏杂音carotene 胡萝卜素carphology 摸空症centric fever 中枢性发热Chaddock’s sign 查多克氏征chemoreceptor trigger zone 化学感受器触发带chest pain 胸痛chest wall 胸壁Cheyne-Stokes respiration 呼吸节律异常chief complaints 主诉childbearing history 生育史chorea 舞蹈样运动chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎chronic obstructive emphysema 慢性阻塞性肺气肿clasp knife 折刀claw hand 爪形手clinical diagnosis 临床诊断clonus 阵挛closing volume, CV 闭合气量coarse rales 粗湿罗音cogwheel breath sound 齿轮呼吸音cogwheel rigidity 齿轮强直coin sign 叩击征colicky pain 绞痛color sensation 色觉coma 昏迷compulsive position 强迫体位compulsive squatting 强迫蹲位confusion 意识模糊conjugated bilirubin 胆红素葡萄糖醛酸酯或称结全胆红素conjunctive 结膜consciousness 意识状态consistency 硬度consistency and elasticity 硬度和弹性constipation 便秘continuous 连续型continuous fever 稽留热continuous murmur 连续性杂音contour 外形convergence reflex 辐辏反射convulsion 惊厥cornea 角膜corneal reflex 角膜反射costispinal angle 肋脊角cough 咳嗽Courvoisier’s sign 库尔瓦泽尔兹氏征Courvoisier-T errier syndrome 库-特二氏组合征，无痛性黄疸crackles rale 爆裂音cremasteric reflex 提睾反射crepitus 捻发音crescendo 递增型crescendo-decrescendo 递增递减型cretinism 克汀病，白痴病，呆小病Crigler-Najiar’s syndrome 柯-加二氏综合征crisis 骤降，危象critical facies 病危面容Crohn’s disease 克隆氏病crossed paralysis 交叉瘫Cushing’s disease 肾上腺皮质功能亢进Cushing’s syndrome 库辛氏综合征cyanosis 紫绀Damoiseau’s curve 曲线decrescendo 递减型deep palpation 深部触诊法deep press palpation 深压触诊法deep slipping palpation 深部滑行触诊法deforming skull 变形颅delirium 谵妄dermographism 皮肤划纹征development 发育diagnosis 诊断diarrhea 腹泻diastolic murmur 舒张期杂音dicrotic pulse 重搏脉diffusion ,DL 弥散diplopia 复视direct percussion 直接叩诊法disturbance of consciousness 意识障碍disturbance of consciousness 意识障碍dough kneading sensation 揉面感Down syndrome 道氏综合征，先天愚型dropped pulse 脱落脉drunken man gait 醉酒步态Dubin-Johnson’s syndrome 杜-约二氏综合征dull pain 钝痛dullness 浊音Duroziez’s murmur 双重杂音dydrops 积水dyspnea 呼吸困难dysuria 尿痛ear drum 鼓膜early systolic ejection sounds 收缩早期喷射音ecchymosis 瘀斑ECG exercise test 心电图运动负荷试验edema 水肿effective refractory 有效不应期egophony 羊鸣音elasticity 弹性electrocardiogram, ECG 心电图elephantedema 象皮肿elephantiasic crus 象皮腿emaciation 消瘦embryocardia 胎心律endogenous pyrogen 内源性致热原enophthalmos=enophthalmus 眼球下陷enophthalmus= enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻epistaxis 鼻衄exogenous pyrogen 外源性致热原expectoration 咯痰expiratory capacity, ERV 补呼气量expression 表情external auditory canal 外耳道eyeball 眼球eyebrow 眼眉eyelids 眼睑face 颜面facial features 面容fairly 中等family history 家族史festination gait 慌张步态fever type 热型fine rales 细湿罗音finger nose test 指鼻试验fixed splitting 固定分裂flat chest 扁平胸flatfoot 平跖足flatness 实音floating patella phenomenon 浮髌现象fluctuation 波动感fluid thrill 液波震颤forced standing position 强迫停立位forced vital capacity, FVC 用力肺活量four limbs 四肢frequent micturition 尿频frog belly 蛙腹Frohlich’s syndrome 肥胖性生殖无能,弗勒利希氏综合征function residual capacity, FRC 功能残气量funnel chest 漏斗胸gallop rhythm 奔马律Garland’s triangle 加兰德氏三角gas distribution 气体分布gastral or intestinal pattern 胃型或肠型general data 一般项目genua valgus “O” 形腿畸形genua varus 膝内翻geographic tongue 地图舌gigantism 巨人症Gilbert’s syndrome 吉尔伯氏综合征Gordon’s sign 戈登氏征Graham Steell murmur 杂音Grocco’s triangle 格罗科氏三角gums 牙龈habitus 体型hair 毛发，头发hairy tongue 毛舌Harrison’s groove 肋膈沟headache 头痛heel-knee-tibia test 跟-膝-胫试验hematemesis 呕血hematochezia 便血hematuria 血尿hemiparalysis 偏瘫hemoptysis 咯血hepatic facies 肝病面容Hippocrates 希波克拉底(被称为医学之父) history of present illness 现病史Hodgkin 霍奇金Hoffmann’s sign 霍夫曼氏征holosystolic murmur 全收缩期杂音Horner’s syndrome 霍纳氏综合征hyperresonance 过清音hyperventilation syndrome 过度换气综合征hypogastric region 下腹部idioventricular rhythm 室性异搏心律，自发室性心律immediate percussion 直接叩诊incontinence of urine 尿失禁indirect percussion 间接叩诊法infective fever 感染性发热inferior diaphragmatic infarction 下壁心肌梗塞infrascapular region 肩胛下区infrasternal angle 胸骨下角inquiry 问诊inspection 视诊inspiratory capacity, IC 深吸气量intercostal space 肋间隙interleukin I 白细胞介素intermittent claudication 间歇性跛行intermittent fever 间歇热interscapular region 肩胛间区intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻inward impulse 负性心尖搏动iris 虹膜irregular fever 不规则热irritable bowel syndrome,IBS肠易激综合征jaundice 黄疸junctional premature beat 交界性早搏Kayser-Fleischer ring 凯-弗二氏环Kent’s bundle 肯特氏束，房室肌束Kernig’s sign 克尼格氏征Klebsiellar pneumonia 克雷白杆菌肺炎knee jerk 膝反射knife-like pain 刀割样痛koilonychia 匙状甲Kussmaul’s respiration 库斯毛尔氏呼吸kyphosis 脊柱后凸laryngeal pharynx 喉咽larynx 喉Lasegue’s sign 拉塞格氏征late diastolic gallop 舒张晚期奔马律latent jaundice 隐性黄疸left anterior fascicular block, left anterior bemiblock, LAH 前支传导阻滞left bundle branch block, LBBB 左束支传导阻滞left lower quadrant 左下腹left posterior fascicular block 或left posterior hemiblock, LPH 后支传导阻滞left upper quadrant 左上腹leukocytic pyrogen 白细胞致热原leukoplakia 白斑light palpation 浅部触诊法liver cirrhosis 肝硬化liver palms 肝掌liver thrill 震颤lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎location 部位lordosis 脊柱前凸luminar flow 层流lung volume 肺容积lymphedema 淋巴性水肿maculae 斑疹maculopapulae 斑丘疹manubrium sterni 胸骨柄Marfan’s syndrome 马方氏综合征marrital history 婚姻史masked facies 面具面容masses 包块Master 2-step exercise 二级梯运动mastoid 乳突maximal midexpiratary flow curve MMEF、MMF 最大呼气中段流量maximal voluntary ventilation, MVV 最大通气量McBurney’s incision 麦克伯尼氏切口mediate percussion 间接叩诊medium rales 中湿罗音melanin 黑色素melena 黑便menstrual history 月经史microcephaly 小颅,小头畸形midaxillary line 腋中线midclavicular line 锁骨中线middle and late systolic clicks 收缩中、晚期喀音migratory glossitis 移行性舌炎minute ventilation VE 每分钟静息通气量mitral facies 二尖瓣面容mitral insufficiency 二尖瓣关闭不全mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄mobility 活动度moist rale 湿罗音moisture 湿度mono-phasic curve 单相曲线monoplegia 单瘫moon facies 满月面容mouth 口mucocutaneous hemorrhage 皮肤粘膜出血Murphy button 墨菲氏钮(肠吻合钮)muscle atrophy 肌肉萎缩muscular tone 肌张力Musset’s sign 缪塞氏征(头节律性跳动) myocardial infarction 心肌梗塞myocardial injury “ 损伤性”改变myocardial ischemia 心肌缺血myodynamia 肌力myxedema 粘液性水肿nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动nasal sinus 鼻窦nasopharynx 鼻咽nausea 恶心nephrotic facies 肾病面容neurogenic bladder 神经原性膀胱nipple 乳头non-infective fever 非感染性发热nonparoxysmal tachycardia 非阵发性心动过速nuclear icterus 核黄疸nuclear jaundice 核黄疸nystagmus 眼球震颤obesity 肥胖obstetrician hand 助产士手olfactory examination 嗅诊Oliver’s sign 奥利弗氏征opening snap 开瓣音opisthotonos position 角弓反张位Oppenheim’s sign 奥本海姆氏征oral pharynx 口咽organic scoliosis / 脊柱器质性侧凸orthopnea 强迫坐位、端坐呼吸ortho-sthenic type 正力型(均称型)oxycephaly 尖颅pacemaker 起搏点pain /pein/ 疼痛pallor 苍白palpation 触诊palpitation 心悸papule 丘疹paradoxical pulse 奇脉paradoxical splitting 反常分裂paralytic squint 麻痹性斜视paraplegia 截瘫parasternal line 胸骨旁线parasystole 并行心律parietal pleura 壁层胸膜Parkinson’s disease 震颤麻痹parotid gland 腮腺paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, PSVT 阵发性心动过速;阵发性室上性心动过速;阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysmal tachycardia 阵发性心动过速paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia 阵发性室性心动过速past history 既往史patella clonus 髌阵挛pectoriloquy 胸语音pellagra 糙皮病pendular rhythm 钟摆律peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡percussion 叩诊percussion sound 叩诊音pericardial effusion 心包积液pericardial friction sound 心包摩擦音pericardial knock 心包叩击音peristalsis 蠕动波personal history 个人史petechia 瘀点physical examination 体格检查physiologic splitting 生理分裂pigeon chest 鸡胸pigmentation 色素沉着pitting edema 压陷性水肿pituitary dwarfism 垂体性侏儒症plantar reflex 跖反射pleural effusion 胸腔积液pleural friction fremitus 胸膜摩擦感pleural friction rub 胸膜摩擦音pneumoperitoneum 气腹pneumothorax 气胸pooly 不良position 体位positive position 被动体位posterior axillary line 腋后线posterior midline 后正中线posture 姿势posture scoliosis 姿势性侧凸premature beat 过早搏动premature beat 心房presystolic gallop 收缩期前奔马律protodiastolic gallop 舒张早期奔马律ptosis 上睑下垂pulmonary capillary wedge pressure , PCWP 肺毛细血管楔嵌pulse deficit 脉搏短绌pulse pressure 脉压pulseless 无脉病pulsus alternans 交替脉pulsus magnus 洪脉pulsus tardus 迟脉pupil 瞳孔purpura 紫癜pyrogen 致热原quadruple rhythm 四音律R on T phenomenon R波落在T波上现象rachitic chest 佝偻病胸rachitic rosary 佝偻病串珠radiating pain 放射痛radioperiosteal reflex 桡骨骨膜反射rebound tenderness 反跳痛recurrent fever 回归热redness 发红referred pain 牵涉痛reflex 反射refractory period 不应期regional lung function 区域性肺功能regular 一贯型relative refractory period 相对不应期remittent fever 弛张热residual volume, RV 残气容积resonance 清音retention of urine 尿潴留reversed splitting 逆分裂rhonchi 干罗音rib 肋骨right bundle branch block, RBBB 右束支传导阻滞right lower quadrant 右下腹right upper quadrant 右上腹rigidity 强直性rigor 寒战ringer finger test 指指试验Romberg’s sign 罗姆伯格氏征rosacea 酒渣鼻roseola 玫瑰疹Rotor’s syndrome 罗特尔氏综合征ruler pressing test 尺压试验saddle nose 鞍鼻sardonic feature 苦笑面容scalp 头皮scaphoid 舟状腹scapula 肩胛骨scapular line 肩胛线scar 瘢痕scissors gait 前刀式步态sclera 巩膜scratcb sound 搔弹音senile plaque 老年斑setting sun phenomenon 日落现象sex 性别shifting dullness 移动性浊音sibilant rhonchi 高调干罗音sick sinus syndrome , SSS 病态窦房结综合征sino-auricular block, SAB 窦房传导阻滞sinus arrest 窦性静止sinus arrhythmia 窦性心律不齐sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓sinus phrenicocostalis 肋膈窦sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速size 大小skin eruption 皮疹skin retraction 皮肤回缩skull 头颅small airway function 小气道功能small pulse 细脉smooth tongue 光滑舌somnolence 嗜睡sonorous rhonchi 低调干罗音sore tongue 舌痛spider angioma 蜘蛛痣spinous process 脊柱棘突splitting of heart sounds 心音分裂squared skull 巨颅stabbing pain 刺痛stained yellow 黄染steppage gait 跨阈步态s ternal angle, Louis’s angel 胸骨角sternal line 胸骨线stethoscope 听诊器sthenic type 超力型(矮胖型)stool with occult blood 隐血便strawberry tongue 草莓舌stupor 昏睡subcutaneous emphysema 皮下气肿subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节succussion splash 振水音summation gallop 重叠奔马律superficial appearance 表观情况supraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝suprascapular region 肩胛上区suprasternal fossa 胸骨上窝suprasternal notch 胸骨上切迹symmetry 对称性symptom 症状symptomatology 症状学synaesthesia 复合感觉systems review 系统回顾systolic ejection sounds 收缩期喷射音systolic murmur 收缩性杂音tachypnea 呼吸过速tactile fremitus 触地震颤tarry stool 柏油便temperature 体温tenderness 压痛tenesmus 里急后重tetany 手足搐搦thalposis 温觉thermotaxic center 体温调节中枢thigmesthesia 触觉thirst 渴感thoracic expansion 胸廓扩张度thready pulse 丝脉three depressions sign 三凹征thrill 震颤throbbing pain 绞痛与搏动性痛thrombasthenia 血小板无力症sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓sinus phrenicocostalis 肋膈窦sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速size 大小skin eruption 皮疹skin retraction 皮肤回缩skull 头颅small airway function 小气道功能small pulse 细脉smooth tongue 光滑舌somnolence 嗜睡sonorous rhonchi 低调干罗音sore tongue 舌痛spider angioma 蜘蛛痣spinous process 脊柱棘突splitting of heart sounds 心音分裂squared skull 巨颅stabbing pain 刺痛stained yellow 黄染steppage gait 跨阈步态sternal angle, Louis’s angel 胸骨角sternal line 胸骨线stethoscope 听诊器sthenic type 超力型(矮胖型)stool with occult blood 隐血便strawberry tongue 草莓舌stupor 昏睡subcutaneous emphysema 皮下气肿subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节succussion splash 振水音summation gallop /s QmeiFn gAl[p/ 重叠奔马律superficial appearance 表观情况supraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝suprascapular region 肩胛上区suprasternal fossa 胸骨上窝suprasternal notch 胸骨上切迹symmetry 对称性symptom 症状symptomatology 症状学synaesthesia 复合感觉systems review 系统回顾systolic ejection sounds 收缩期喷射音systolic murmur 收缩性杂音tachypnea 呼吸过速tactile fremitus 触地震颤tarry stool 柏油便temperature 体温tenderness 压痛tenesmus 里急后重tetany 手足搐搦thalposis 温觉thermotaxic center 体温调节中枢thigmesthesia 触觉thirst 渴感thoracic expansion 胸廓扩张度thready pulse 丝脉three depressions sign 三凹征thrill 震颤throbbing pain 绞痛与搏动性痛thrombasthenia 血小板无力症thyroid 甲状腺tidal capacity TC 潮气量tone 语调tongue 舌torsive ventricular tachycardia 扭转型室性心动过速torticolis 斜颈tower skull 塔颅。
医学英语--诊断(疾病英文名称)[Diagnosis(disignation of diseases
诊断（疾病名称）[Diagnosis(disignation of diseases)]•病因诊断[pathogenic diagnosis (diagnosis of etiology)]•病理解剖诊断[diagnosis of pathological anatomy]•病理生理诊断[diagnosis of pathological physiology]•并发症[complication]•合并症（伴发疾病）[accompanying diseases](1)心内科疾病[heart d iseases]•cardiac insufficiency (heart failure)[心功能不全（心衰）] •cardiogenic (hypovolemic, septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic) shock[心原性（低血容量性，感染性，过敏性，神经原性）休克]•sinus tachycardia (bradycardia, arrhythmia, arrest)[窦性（心动过速，心动过缓，心律不齐，停搏）]•sinus rhythm[窦性心律]•sick si nus syndrome(SSS)[病窦综合征]•Adams –stokes syndrome[阿-斯综合征]•junctional (ventricular) escape beat[交界性（室性）逸搏]•escape rhythm[逸搏心律]•left atrial rhythm[左房心律]•chaotic atrial rhythm[房性紊乱心律]•wandering rhythm[游走心律]•premature atrial(ventricular, junctional) beats[房性（室性，交界性）早搏] •multifocal (multimorphic)[多源性（多形性）]•bigeminy (trigeminy)[二（三）联律]•paroxysmal atrial (supraventricular, ventricular) tachycardia[阵发性房性（室上性，室性）心动过速]•sustained ventricular tachycardia[持续性室速]•sinus nodal reentrant tachycardia[窦房结折返性心动过速]•To rsade de pointes (TDP)[尖端扭转型室速]•A-V(A-V nodal)reentrant tachycardia[房室（房室结）折返性心动过速]•atrial flutter (fibrillation)[房扑（颤）]•ventricular flutter (fibrillation)[室扑（颤）]•sino-auricular (intra-auricular, intra-ventricular)block[窦房（房内，室内）传导阻滞] •first (second, third) degree atrioventricular (A-V)block[I（II、III）度房室传导阻滞] •second degree, type I(II) A-V block[II度I（II）型房室传导阻滞]•Wenckebach phenomena[文氏现象]•Mobitz type I(II)[莫氏I（II）型]•complete (incomplete) left (right) bundle branch block[完全性（不完全性）左（右）束支传导阻滞]•advance d (high grade) A-V block[高度房室传导阻滞]•left anterior (posterior) fascicular block[左前（后）分支阻滞]•type A(B) wolff-parkinson-white syndrome (pre-excitation syndrome)[A（B）型预激（W-P-W）综合征]•Lown-Ganong-Levime (L-G-L) syndrome[L-G-L综合征（短P-R综合征）] •accelerated idioventri cular (idiojunctional) rhythm[加速性室性（交界性）自主心律] •ectopic (junctional, reciprocal) rhythm[异位（交界性，反复）心律]•ventricular hypertrophy[心室肥厚]•left(right) atrial enlargement[左（右）房扩大]•idiopathic[特发性]•interfering atrioventricular dissociation[干扰性房室分离]•Brugada syndr ome [Brugada 综合征]•cardiac arrest (sudden death)[心脏骤停（猝死）]•acute rheumatic fever [急性风湿热]•rheumatic carditis[风湿性心脏炎]•chorea[舞蹈病]•rheumatic heart disease[风湿性心脏病]•multivalve disease[多瓣膜病]•valvular heart disease[心瓣膜病]•mitral(aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid) stenosis[二尖瓣（主动脉瓣，肺动肪瓣，三尖瓣）狭窄] •mitral (aortic, tricuspid) regurgitation(insufficiency)[二尖瓣（主动脉瓣，三尖瓣）反流（关闭不全）]•coronary artery (heart) disease[冠心病]•acute coronary syndrome [急性冠脉综合征]•acute (old) myocardial infarction (MI)[急性（陈旧性）心肌梗死]•Q wave (non-Q wave) MI[Q波（非Q波）心梗]•unstable (stable) angina pectoris[不稳定（稳定）型心绞痛]•cardiogenic sudden death[心源性猝死]•initial onset angina peotoris[初发型心绞痛]•angina decubitus[卧位型心绞痛]•variant angina pectoris[变异型心绞痛]•intermediate syndrome [中间综合症]•post-infarction angina pectoris[梗死后心绞痛]•congenital heart disease[先天性心脏病]•pulmonary (aortic) stenosis[肺（主）动脉狭窄]•coartation of aorta[主动脉缩窄]•idiopathic (primary) pulmonary hypertension [原发性肺动脉高压]•persistent left superior vena cava[左侧上腔静脉永存]•superior vena caval obstruction syndrom e[上腔静脉阻塞综合征]•dextro cardia[右位心]医学全.在线.网.站.提供•marfan`s syndrome [马凡氏综合征]•atrial (ventricular) septal defect(ASD/VSD)[房（室）间隔缺损]•patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)[动脉导管未闭]•single atrium (ventricle)[单心房（室）]•endocardial cushion defect[心内膜垫缺损]•aortic sinus an eurysm[主动脉窦瘤]•coronary arteritis[冠状动脉炎]•coronary artery fistula[冠状动脉瘘]•malformation of coronary artery[冠状动脉畸形]•coronary arteriovenous fistula[冠状动静脉瘘]•tetralogy(trilogy) of Fallot[法乐氏四（三）联征]•complete (corrected) transposition of great vessels[完全性（纠正型）大血管转位]•double-outlet of right ventricle [右室双出口]•partial (complete) anomalous pulmonary venous drainage[部分（完全）性肺静脉畸形引流]•Eisenmenger (Ebstein) syndrome[艾生曼格综合征（埃勃斯坦畸形）]•persistent trumcus arteriosus[永存主动脉干]•congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistula[先天性肺动静脉瘘]•primary (secondary) hypertension [原发（继发）性高血压]•hypertensive crisis (urgencies, emergencies)[高血压危象（急诊）]•hypertensive nephropathy (papillo-retinopathy, cerebral hemorrhage)[高血压性肾病（视乳头-视网膜病，脑出血）]•acute (subacute) becterial endocarditis[急（亚急）性细菌性心内膜炎]•infective endocarditis[感染性心内膜炎]•acute (chronic) cor pulmonale[急（慢）性肺原性心脏病]•chronic pulmonary heart disease[慢性肺心病]•acute (chronic) pericarditis [急（慢）性心包炎]•constrictive pericarditis[缩窄性心包炎]•purulent (tuberculous) pericarditis[化脓(结核)性心包炎]•syphilitic heart disease[梅毒性心脏病]•acute viral myocarditis [急性病毒性心肌炎]•primary (specific) cardiomyopathy[原发（特异）性心肌病]•dilated (hypertrophic, restrictive) cardiomyopathy[扩张（肥厚，限制）型心肌病] •hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)[肥厚型梗阻性心肌病] •arrhythmogenic right ven tricula dysplasia(ARVD)[致心律失常性右室发育不全] •tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy[心动过速性心肌病]•hypertensive(alcoholic,ischemic,diabetic,peripartum,hyperthyroid )cardio- myopathy[高血压（酒精，缺血，糖尿病，围生期，甲亢）性心肌病]•drug-induced cardiomyopathy[药物性心肌病]•keshan disease[克山病]•my xoma of left atrium[左房粘液瘤]•metastatic cardiac tumor[心脏转移性肿瘤]•cardiac neurosis[心脏神经官能症]•mitral prolapse syndrome[二尖瓣脱垂综合征]•long Q-T syndrome[长QT间期综合征]•aortic (dissecting) aneurysm[主动脉（夹层动脉）瘤]•multiple (primary) arteritis of aorta and main branches[多发性大动脉炎]•Takayasu arteritis [大动脉炎（高安动脉炎）]•Raynaud disease[雷诺氏病]•systemic vasculitis[系统性血管炎]•thromboangitis obliterans[血栓闭塞性脉管炎]•deep vein thrombosis[深静脉血栓形成]•superficial thrombophlebitis[血栓性浅静脉炎]•syndrome X[X 综合征]•peripheral arteriosclerosis obliterat ion[闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化]•Churg-Strauss syndrome[变应性肉芽肿性血管炎]•radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA)[射频消融术]•percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV)[经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术] •transluminal extraction catheter(TEC)[经皮腔内切吸导管]•percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation(PTSMA)[经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术] •percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)[经皮腔内冠脉成形术]•acute left-sided heart failure [急性左心衰竭]•pulmonary (lung) edema[肺水肿]•chronic heart failure[慢性心衰]•systolic (diastolic) insufficiency heart failure[收缩（舒张）功能不全性心衰]•cardiac insufficiency (NYHA I-Ⅳ)[心功能不全（I~Ⅳ级）]•intractable heart failure[顽固性（难治性）心衰]•artificial cardiac pacing[人工心脏起搏]•subclavian steal syndrome[锁骨下动脉窃血综合征]•pulselessness disease[无脉症]•myocardial bridging[肌桥]•postpericardiostomy syndrome[心脏损伤后综合征]•cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)[心肺复苏]•aortic arch syndrome[主动脉弓综合征](2)呼吸内科疾病[lung diseases]•silicosis[矽肺]•acute (chronic) bronchitis[急（慢）性支气管炎]•tracheobronchitis[气管-支气管炎]•bronchial asthma[支气管哮喘]•status asthmatics[哮喘持续状态]•bronchiectasis[支气管扩张]•upper respiratory tract infection[上呼吸道感染]•lung fibrosis[肺纤维化]•allergic airway inflammation[变应反应性气道炎症]•bacterial (viral, mycoplasma, reckettsia, radiaton) pneumonia[细菌性（病毒性，支原体，立克次体，放射性）肺炎]•community acquited pneumonia(CAP)[社区获得性肺炎]•pneumococcal (sta phylococcal, streptococcal, gram-negative bacillus) pneumonia[肺炎球菌（葡萄球菌，链球菌，革兰氏阴性杆菌）肺炎]•influenza (common cold)[流行性（普遍）感冒]•pulmonary candidiasis (aspergillosis, mucormycosis, histoplasmosis, actinomycosis, nocardiosis)[肺念球菌（曲菌、毛霉菌，组织胞浆菌，放线菌，奴长菌）病]•pulmo nary mycosis[肺真菌病]•cryptococcosis[肺隐球菌病]•lung abscess[肺脓肿]•anaphylactic pneumonia (Leoffer`s syndrome)[过敏性肺炎（吕弗琉综合征）] •extrinsic allergic alveolitis[外源性过敏性肺泡炎]•pulmonary eosinophia(eosinophilosis)[肺嗜酸粒细胞浸润症]•chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)[慢性阻塞性肺病]•obstructive pulmonary emphysema[阻塞性肺气肿]•pulmonary embolism (PE)[肺栓塞]•pulmonary vascular thrombosis [肺血管血栓形成]•pulmonary edema[肺水肿]•respiratory failure (type I/II) [呼吸衰竭（I、II型）]•adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)[成人呼吸窘迫综合征]•lung (pul monary) tuberculosis[肺结核]•miliary TB [粟粒性肺结核]•endobronchial tuberculosis[支气管内膜结核]•pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[胞泡蛋白沉积症]•pulmonary encephalopathy[肺性脑病]•sleep apnea syndrome[睡眠呼吸暂停综合征]•respiratory alkalosis (acidosis)[呼吸性碱（酸）中毒]•acute lung injury[急性肺损伤]•interstitial lung disease[间质性肺病]•dry (exudative) tuberculosis pleuritis (pleurisy)[干性（渗出性）结核性胸膜炎] •empyema[脓胸]•pleural effusion [胸腔积液]•Legionella pneumonia(LP)[军团菌肺炎]•drug-induced lung disease[药物性肺病]•sarcoidosis[结节病]•pneumothorax[气胸]•lung eosi nophilic granuloma [肺嗜酸细胞肉芽肿]•primary mediastinal tumor[原发性纵隔肿瘤]•pleural mesothelioma[胸膜间皮瘤]•primary bronchogenic carcinoma[原发性支气管肺癌]•small cell lung cancer [小细胞肺癌]•metastatic tumor (carcinoma) of lung[肺结移瘤（癌）]•lung fibroma[肺纤维瘤]•undifferentiated ca rcinoma of lung[肺未分化癌]•paraneoplastio syndrome[副癌综合征]•bronchial adenoma[支气管腺瘤]•pulmonary hamartoma[肺错构瘤]•bronchogenic cyst [支气管囊肿]•amyloidosis[淀粉样变性]•middle lobe syndrome [肺中叶综合征]•cor pulmonale[肺心病]•pueumosclerosis[肺硬化]•lober atelectasis[肺叶不张]•pu lmonary lobectomy[肺叶切除术]•pulmonary hypertension[肺高压]•angio-pneumography[肺血管造影术]•foreign body in lung[肺异物]•intratracheal foreign body[气管内异物]•hyaline membrane disease[肺透明膜病]•lung consolidation[肺实变]•lung sequestration[肺内隔离症]•tracheostomy (tracheotomy)[气管造口（切开）术] •endotracheal intubation[气管插管术](3)消化内科疾病[GI diseases]•stenosis of esophagus[食管狭窄] •esophageal atresia[食道闭锁]•esophageal and gastric varices (varicosis) [食管-胃静脉曲张] •hiatus hernia[食管裂孔疝]•diverticulum of esophagus[食管憩室]•carcinoma of esophagus[食管癌]•reflux esophagitis[反流性食管炎]•esophageal achalasia[食道贲门失弛缓症]•esophageal perforation[食管穿孔]•benign esophageal tumor[食管良性肿瘤]•esophageal mucosa erosion[食管粘膜糜烂]•esophageal polyp[食管息肉]•foreign body in esophagus[食管异物]•congenital esophageal anomaly[食管先天性畸形]•Barrett esophagus [Barrett 食管]•acute simple (corrosive, phlegmonous, hemorrhagic erosive) gastritis[急性单纯性（腐蚀性，化脓性，糜烂出血性）胃炎]•chronic superficial (atrophic,hypertrophic, erosive) gastritis[慢性浅表性（萎缩性，肥厚性，糜烂性）胃炎]•bile regurgitation gastritis[胆汁反流性胃炎]•peptic ulcer[消化性溃疡]医学全在线•gastric ulcer[胃溃疡]•prolapse of gastric mucosa[胃粘膜脱垂]•gastrinoma (zollinger-Ellison syndrome) [胃泌素瘤（卓-艾综合征）]•acute gastric dilation[急性胃扩张]•gastric retention[胃潴留]•postgastrectomy syndrome[胃切除术后综合征]•gastroduodenoscopy[胃十二指肠镜检查]•polyp of stomach (intestinal tract)[胃（肠道）息肉]•carcinoma (benign tumor, leiomyosarcoma, malignant lymphoma) of stomach[胃癌（良性肿瘤，平滑肌肉瘤，恶性淋巴瘤）]•foreign body of stomach [胃内异物]•dumping syndrom e[倾倒综合征]•late postprandial hypoglycemia[餐后低血糖症]•stomal ulcer[吻合口溃疡]•syndrome of the gastric remnant[残胃综合征]•duodenal ulcer[十二指肠溃疡]•duodenitis[十二指肠炎]•upper (lower) gastrointestinal bleeding[上（下）消化道出血]•crohn disease[克隆病]•intestinal tuberculosis[肠结核]•acute hemorrhage necrotizing enteritis[急性出血性坏死性肠炎]•intestinal malabsorption syndrome[小肠吸收不良综合征]•enteric volvulus[小肠扭转]•small intestinal (duodenal) stasis syndrome[小肠（十二指肠）淤滞综合征] •adhesion of small intestine[小肠粘连]•short bowel syndrome[短肠综合征]•malignant (benign) tumor of small intestine[小肠恶（良）性肿瘤]•carcinoid tumor (carcinoid syndrome)[类癌（类癌综合征）]•intestinal fibroma (sarcoma, diverticulum, diverticulitis)[小肠纤维瘤（肉瘤，憩室，憩室炎）]•enteritis[小肠炎]•ulcerative colitis[溃疡性结肠炎]•intestinal obstruction[肠梗阻]•carcinoma of the colon (rectum)[结（直）肠癌]•gastrointestinal neurosis[胃肠神经宫能症]•irritable bowel syndrome[肠易激综合征]•motility diarrhea [肠运动功能异常性腹泻]•functional constipation (gastrointestinal disorders)[功能性便秘（胃肠病）] •functional dyspepsia [功能性消化不良]•intestinal allergic purpu ra[小肠过敏性紫癜]•tuberculous peritonitis[结核性腹膜炎]•chronic diarrhea[慢性腹泻]•inflammatory bowel disease (diarrhea)[炎症性肠病（腹泻）]•spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)[自发性细菌性腹膜炎]•Helicobacter Pylori(HP)[幽门螺旋杆菌]•toxic magacolon [中毒性巨结肠]•acute (chronic) hepatitis[急（慢）性肝炎]•drug-induced liver disease[药物性肝病]•post hepatitis (schistosomal, alcoholic) cirrhosis[肝炎后（血吸虫性，酒精性）肝硬化]•nodular (biliary) cirrhosis[结节（胆汁）性肝硬化]•alcoholic liver disease [酒精性肝病]•primary carcinoma of the liver [原发性肝癌]•hepatocellular carcinoma[肝细胞癌]•hepatocellular jaundice[肝细胞性黄疸]•hepatic fibrosis[肝纤维化]•hepatic encephalopathy[肝性脑病]•hepatic cyst [肝囊肿]•carvernous hemangioma[海绵状血管瘤]•hepatic coma [肝性昏迷]•acute (chronic) hepatic failure [急（慢）性肝功能衰竭]•portal hypertension[门脉高压]•hepatorenal syndr ome[肝肾综合征]•liver parasitosis (abscess, aneurysm, hamartoma)[肝寄生虫病（脓肿，动脉瘤，错构瘤）] •cholecystitis[胆囊炎]•cholelithiasis[胆囊结石]•cholecystic carcinoma[胆囊癌]•cholangiohepatoma[胆管细胞癌]•cholestatic jaundice[胆汁淤积性黄疸]•pancreatic cyst(pseudocyst)[胰腺（假性）囊肿]•pancreati tis[胰腺炎]•acute necrotising (interstitial) pancreatitis[急性坏死（水肿）型胰腺炎]•pancreatic carcinoma[胰腺癌]•insulinoma (gastrinoma)[胰岛素（胃泌素）瘤]•retroperitoneal tumor(abscess)[后腹膜肿瘤（脓肿）]•hypersplenism [脾亢]•fatty liver[脂肪肝](4)神经内科疾病[neurological diseases]•optic neuritis[视神经炎]•trigeminal neuralgia[三叉神经痛]•facial neuritis[面神经炎]•meniere`s disease[美尼尔尼症]•polyneuritis[多发性神经炎]•sciatica(ischialgia)[坐骨神经痛]•garpal tunnel syndrome[腕管综合征]•acute (purulent) myelitis[急性（化脓性）脊髓炎] •syringomyelia[脊髓空洞症]•hereditary atexia[遗传性共济失调症]•compression of spinal cord[脊髓压迫症]•bifid spine[脊柱裂]•transverse injury of spinal cord[脊髓横贯性损伤] •poliomyelitis[脊髓灰质炎]•myelocyst[脊髓囊肿]•myelocele[脊髓膨出]•deformity of spine[脊柱畸形]•migraine[偏头痛]•vascular headache[血管性头痛]•headache due to muscular co ntraction[肌肉收缩性头痛] •traumatic headache[外伤性头痛]•epilepsy[癫痫]•focal seizure[局限性发作]•grand mal[大发作]•petit mal[小发作]•status epilepticus[癫痫持续状态]•transient ischemic attack(TIA)[短暂脑缺血发作]•cerebral embolism(infarction, hemorrhage)[脑栓塞（梗塞，出血）] •subarachnoid hem orrhage(SAH)[蛛网膜下腔出血]•encephalitis (encephalopathy)[脑炎（脑病）]•delayed neuropathy (encephalopathy)[迟发性神经病（脑病）] •meningitis[脑膜炎]•cerebral echinococcosis[脑包虫病]•cerebral aneurysm[脑动脉瘤]•hydrocephalus[脑积水]•cerebroma[脑瘤]•cerebromalacia[脑软化]•intracerebral he matoma[脑内血肿]•concussion of brain[脑震荡]•postconcussion syndrome[脑震荡后综合征]•neuroglioma[神经胶质瘤]•meningioma[脑膜瘤]•neurofibroma [神经纤维瘤]•neurinoma[神经鞘瘤]•brain abscess[脑脓肿]•intracranial hypertension[颅内高压]•arkinson`s disease(paralysis agitans)[帕金森氏病（震颤麻痹）] •hepatolenticular degeneration [肝豆状核变性]•athetosis[手足徐动症]•spasmodic torticollis[痉挛性斜颈]•myasthenia gravis[重症肌无力]•periodic paralysis[周期性麻痹]•progressive muscular dys trophy[进行性肌营养不良症]•Bell paralysis[贝耳氏面瘫]•chorea minor (rheumatic caorea) [小舞蹈病]•polymyositis[多发性肌炎]•inclusion body myositis[包涵体肌炎]•dermatomositis[皮肌炎]•Hypothalamus syndrome[下丘脑综合征](5)血液科疾病[hematological diseases]•iron deficiency (megaloblastic, apl astic, hemolytic) anemia[缺铁性（巨幼细胞性，再生障碍性，溶血性）贫血]•pernicious (refeactory) anemia[恶性（难治性）贫血]•paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)[阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿]•hereditary spherocytosis[遗传性球形细胞增多症]•favism[蚕豆病]医学全在线网站•thalassemia[地中海贫血]•sickle cell disease[镰刀细胞病]•methemoglobinemia[高铁血红蛋白血症]•hemolytic disease of newborn[新生儿溶血症]•autoimmune hemolytic anemia (ATH)[自身免疫性溶血性贫血]•post-hemorrhagic anemia[失血性贫血]•leukopenia (agranulocytosis)[白（粒）细胞减少（缺乏）症]•po lycythemia vera [真性红细胞增多症]•eosinophilia[嗜酸性粒细胞增多症]•hereditary spherocytosis[遗传性球形红细胞增多症]•acute (chronic) myelocytic (lymphocytic) leukemia [急（慢）性粒（淋巴）细胞性白血病] •acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL)[急性非淋巴细胞性白血病]•acute monocytic leukemia [急性单核细胞性白血病]•acu te promyelocytic leukemia[急性早幼粒细胞性白血病]•chloroma[绿色瘤]•plasma-cell(megakaryocytic) leukemia[浆（巨核）细胞性白血病]•hairy cell leukemia[多毛细胞白血病]•preleukemia[白血病前期]•leukemoid reaction[类白血病反应]•myelofibrosis[骨髓纤维化]•McCune-Albright syndrome[多发性骨纤维营养不良]•primary thro mbocythemia[原发性血小板增多症]•Hodgkin disease[何杰金氏病]•non-Hodgkin lymphoma[非何杰金氏淋巴瘤]•multiple myeloma(MM)[多发性骨髓瘤]•eosinophilic granuloma[嗜酸性肉芽肿]•malignant histiocytosis[恶性组织细胞病]•hypersplenism[脾功能亢进症]•anaphylactoid (Henoch-Schonlein) purpura[过敏性紫癜]•idiopath ic (selondary) thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)[原发（继发）性血小板减少性紫癜] •hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia[遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张] •thrombasthenia (thrombopathia)[血小板无力症（病）]•von Willebrand disease (VWD)[血管性假血友病]•hereditary (acquired) hypofibrinogenemia[遗传性（获得性）纤维蛋白原缺乏症] •disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)[弥漫性血管内凝血] •myelodysplastic syndrome[骨髓增生异常综合征]•myeloproliferation disease[骨髓增生性疾病]•osteoporosis (OP) [骨质疏松症]•heterogenous (autologous) bone marrow transplantation[异体（自体）骨髓移位] •hemapoietic stem cell (cord bl ood) transplantation (HSCT)[造血干细胞（脐血）移植] •hypercoagulable states (hypercoagulability)[高凝状态](6)肾内科疾病[nephrological diseases]•multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)[多器官功能障碍综合征]•acute renal failure pre-renal (post-renal)[肾前（后）性急性肾衰]•（non）oliguric acute renal failure[（非）少尿型急性肾衰]•acute tublar necrosis[急性肾小管坏死]•chronic renal failure[慢性肾衰]•uremia[尿毒症]•azotemia[氮质血症]•acute(chronic)nephritis(glomerulonephritis)[急性(慢性)肾炎（肾小球肾炎）] •crescentric glomerulonephritis[新月体性肾炎]•pulmonary-renal (Goodpasture )syndrome[肺出血肾炎综合征]•latent (focal) glomerulonephritis[隐匿（局灶）性肾炎]•malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis[恶性肾小动脉硬化]•rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis[急进性肾小球肾炎]•proliferative (sclerosing) glomerulonephritis[增生性（硬化性）肾炎]•mesangial proliferative (capillary) glomerulonephritis[系膜增生性（毛细血管性）肾炎] •membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis[系膜增生性肾炎]•hereditary nephritis[遗传性肾炎]•interstitial nephritis[间质性肾炎]•endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis[毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎] •tubulointerstitial nephritis[肾小管间质性肾炎]•membra nous nephropathy[膜性肾病]•nephrotic syndrome[肾病综合征]•renal artery stenosis (embolism)[肾动脉狭窄（栓塞）]•renal vein thrombosis[肾静脉血栓形成]•renal tubular acidosis[肾小管性酸中毒]•nephrogenic diabetes insipidus[肾性尿崩症]•yelonephritis [肾盂肾炎]•polycystic kidney[多囊肾]•nephrolithiasis[肾积石]•diabetic(hypertensive,lupus) nephropathy[糖尿病（高血压，狼疮）性肾病] •minimal change nephropathy[微小病变性肾病]•hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)[溶血性尿毒症综合征]（7）内分泌科疾病[endocrine diseases]•hypothalamus (empty sella) syndrome[下丘脑（空泡蝶鞍）综合征] •hypopituitarism[腺垂体功能减退症]•pituitary dwarfism[垂体性侏儒症]•hypothalamic-pituitary amenorrhea[下丘脑-垂体性闭经]•Simons (Sheenhan) disease[西蒙（席汉）氏病]•gigantism (acromegaly)[巨人（肢端肥大）症]•pituitary tumor[垂体瘤]•central diabetes insipidus[中枢性尿崩症]•adrenal crisis (acute adrenocortical hypofunction)[肾上腺危象（急性肾上腺皮质功能减退症）]•Addison’s disease(chronic adrenocortical hypofunction)[阿狄森氏病（慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症）]•congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)[先天性肾上腺皮质增生]•syndrome of i nappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)[抗利尿激素不适当分泌综合征]•Cushing syndrome (hypercortisolism)[柯兴氏综合征（皮质醇增多症）]•primary (secondary) aldosteronism[原（继）发性醛固酮增多症] •pheochromocytoma[嗜铬细胞瘤]•hyperthyroidism(hypothyroidism)[甲亢（甲减）]•subclinical hype rthyroidism[亚临床甲亢]•simple (toxic diffuse, toxic multinodular) toiter[单纯性（毒性弥漫性，毒性多结节性）甲状腺肿]•autonomic hyperfunctional adenoma[自主性功能亢进性甲状腺瘤]•T3(T4)-thgrotoxicosis [T3 (T4)型甲亢]•acute (chronic lymphocytic, subacute) thyroiditis[急性（慢性淋巴细胞性，亚急性）甲状腺炎]•Hashi moto thyroiditis[桥本甲状腺炎]•thyroid adenoma (carcinoma, nodule)[甲状腺腺瘤（癌，结节）]•hyper (hypo) thyroid heart disease[甲亢（减）性心脏病]•thyrotoxic myopathy (exophthalmos,encephalopathy)[甲状腺素毒性肌病（突眼，脑病）] •thyrotoxic (parathyroid) crisis[甲状（旁）腺危象]•hyperthyroidsim crisis[甲亢危象]•hypo-(hyper-) parathyroidism[甲状旁腺功能减退（亢进）]•total (subtotal, partial) thyroidectomy[甲状腺全部（次全，部分）切除术]•goitrous cretinism[甲状腺肿呆小症]•thyreoprival tetany[甲状腺切除后手足搐搦]•premenstrual tension[经前紧张症]•menopausal syndrome[绝经期综合征]•oophoritic (ovarian) poly cyst[卵巢多发性囊肿]•pinealoma (pinealocytoma)[松果体瘤]•gynaecomastia[男性乳房发育症]•diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)[糖尿病酮症酸中毒]•diabetic hyperosmotic coma[糖尿病高渗性昏迷]•nonketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma[糖尿病非酮症高渗性昏迷]•lactic acidosis[乳酸性酸中毒]•diabetic microangiopathy (macr oangiopathy, nephropathy)[糖尿病性微血管病变（大血管病变，肾病）]•hypoglycemia[低血糖症]•glucagonoma[胰高糖素瘤]•β-cell tumor of pancrease islet[胰岛β细胞瘤]•insulinoma [胰岛素瘤]•hepatogenous (alcoholic, reactive, drug-induced) hypoglycemia[肝源性（酒精性，反应性，药物性）低血糖]•insulin resistance syndr ome[胰岛素抵抗综合征]•obesity[肥胖症]•glycogen storage disease[糖原累积病]•xanthoma[黄色瘤]•gout (hyperuricemia) [痛风（高尿酸血症）]•porphyria [血卟啉病]•hemochromatosis[血色病]•amyloidosis[淀粉样变性]•osteoporosis[骨质疏松]•hyperlipoproteinemia[高脂蛋白血症]•hypercholesterolemia[高胆固醇血症]•hyper triglyceridemia[高甘油三酯血症]•hyperlipemia[高脂血症]•rheumatoid arthritis[类风湿性关节炎]•still disease[幼年型类风关]•Felty (Reiter) syndrome[弗尔提（赖特尔）综合征]•systemic (discoid) lupus erythematosus (SLE/DLE)[系统性（盘型）红斑狼疮] •dermatomyositis[皮肌炎]•systemic vasculitis[系统性血管炎]•Sjog ren`s syndrome [干燥综合征]•ankylosing spondylitis[强直性脊柱炎]•seronegative spondyloarthropathy[血清阴性脊柱关节病]•scleroderma[硬皮病]•polyarteritis[结节性多动脉炎]•Wegener`s granulomatosis[韦格纳肉芽肿]•candidiasis-endocrinopathy syndrome[念珠菌-内分泌病综合征] •abnormal glucose tolerance[糖耐量异常]•psoriatic arthritis[银屑病关节炎](8)精神病科疾病[psychosis]•mental disturbance[精神障碍]•general paralysis of insanity[麻痹性痴呆]•infective (toxic, physical) psychosis[感染性（中毒性，躯体性）精神病] •somopsychosis[躯体性精神病]•senile (presenile) dementia [老年性（老年前期）痴呆]•Traumatic ps ychosis [外伤性精神病]•schizophrenia[精神分裂症]•menic-depression (affective psychosis)[狂躁抑郁症（情感性精神病）]•involutional melancholia[更年期忧郁症]•menopausal syndrome[更年期综合征]•reactive (psychogenic) psychosis[反应性（心因性）精神病]•paranoid psychosis (paranoia, paranoid)[偏执性精神病（偏执狂，类偏执狂）] •neurosis (nervous exhausation) [神经官能症（神经衰弱）]•anxiety (obsession) [焦虑（强迫）症]•hysteria[癔症]医学全在线网站•mental retardation (obigophrenia)[精神发育不全]•offective disorder[情感障碍]•anorexia nervosa[神经性厌食]•anxious mania[焦虑性躁狂]•aquaphobia[恐水症]•concussion of brain[脑震荡]•dilirious mania[谵妄性躁狂]•organic (inborn, traumatic) dementia[器质性（先天性，外伤性）痴呆]•fugue[神游症]•fetishism[恋物癖]•exhibitionism[露阴癖]•voyeurism[窥淫癖]•transvestism[易装癖]•pica[异食症]•schizoid pe rsonality[人格分裂](9)皮肤科疾病[skin diseases]•contact (autosensitive, allergic, seborreic, atopic, diaper, infections eczematoid, light sensitive) dermatitis[接触性（自身致敏性，过敏性，脂溢性，遗传过敏性，尿布，传染性湿疹样，光敏性）皮炎]•eczema[湿疹]•acute (chronic) urticaria[急（慢）性荨麻疹]•papular u rticaria[丘疹性荨麻疹]•cold (factitial, pressure, solar) urticaria[冷性（人工性，压迫性，日光性）荨麻疹] •dermatographism[皮肤划痕症]•angioedema[血管性水肿]•dermatomyositis[皮肌炎]•discoid (systemic) lupus erythematosus[盘状（系统性）红斑狼疮]•foot and mouth disease[口蹄病]•drug eruption[药疹]•common warts (verruca planae, condyloma acuminata)[寻常（扁平，尖锐湿）疣] •herpes simplex[单纯疱疹]•herpes zoster[带状疱疹]•impetigo bullosa[大疱性脓疱疮]•impetigo vulgaris[寻常脓疱疮]•folliculitis[毛囊炎]•furuncle[疖]•leprosy[麻风病]•skin tuberculosis[皮肤结核]•erysipelas (erysipeloid) [（类）丹毒]•candidiasis[念珠菌病]•tinea capitis(corporis, cruris, manus, pedis, versicolor)[头（体，股，手，足，甲）癣] •primary (secondary, tertiary) syphilis[一（二、三）期梅毒]•acquired (congenital) syphilis[获得（先天）性梅毒]•scabies[疥疮]•bee sting[蜂螫]•mite dermatitis[螨皮炎]•gaterpillar derma titis[毛虫皮炎]•pruritus[瘙痒症]•neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎]•psoriasis [银屑病]•erythema multiform[多形性红斑]•lichen planus[扁平苔癣]•solar dermatitis[日光皮炎]•miliaria rubra[痱子]•pernio[冻疮]•clavus (callus)[鸡眼（胼胝）]•rhagadia manus et pedis[手足皲裂]•radiodermatitis[放射性皮炎]•ich thyosis[鱼鳞病]•keratoderma (keratosis)[角化病]•erythema nodosum[结节性红斑]•allergic purpura[过敏性紫癜]•circumscribed (diffuse) scleroderma[局限（弥漫）性硬皮病]•mixed connective tissue disease[混合性结缔组织病]•pemphigus (pemphigoid) [(类)天疱疮]•acne[痤疮]•rosacea[酒渣鼻]•anhidrosis (dyshidrosis, hyperhidrosis, bromidrosis)[无汗症（出汗不良，多汗症，腋臭）] •canities[白发]•alopecia areata (totalis)[斑（全）秃]•freckles (chloasma) [雀（黄褐）斑]•vitiligo [白癜疯]•nevus pigmentosus[色素痣]•mixed (intradermal) naevus [混合（皮内）痣]•hemangioma cavernosum[海锦状血管瘤]•leukoplak ia[粘膜白斑]•squamous cell carcinome in situ [原位癌]•aget`s disease[湿疹样癌]•basal cell carcinoma[基底细胞癌]•granuloma[肉芽肿]•squamous cell carcinoma[鳞状细胞癌]•allergic (nodula r, systemic) vasculitis[过敏（结节，系统）性血管炎]•ulcer [溃疡]医学全在.线提供•tuberous sclerosis[结节性硬化症]•thrush [鹅口疮]•Behcet`s syndrome[白塞（口-眼-生殖器）综合征]•sunburn[晒斑]•steatocystoma multiplex[多发性皮脂囊肿]•roseola[玫瑰疹]•pretibial myxedema[胫前粘液性水肿]•paronychia[甲沟炎]•melasma[黄褐斑]•lipoid proteinosis[类脂蛋白沉积症]•livedo reticularis[网状青斑]•hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia[遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症]•hirsutism (hypotrichosis)[多（少）毛症](10)传染科疾病[infectious diseases]•healthy (chronic, permanent, temporary) carrier[健康（慢性，终身，暂时）带菌者] •bacteremia (septicemia, pyemia, toxemia)[菌（败，脓毒，毒）血症]•septic shock [感染性休克]•upper respiratory infection (influenza, common cold)[上呼吸道感染（流感，普通感冒）] •viral myocarditis (pneumonia)[病毒性心肌炎（肺炎）]•double (cross, general) infection[双重（交叉，全身）感染]•chickenpox (varicella)[水痘]•r ubella (German mealses)[风疹]•measles[麻疹]•smallpox (variola)[天花]•herpes simplex (zoster)[单纯（带状）疱疹]•infectious lymphocytosis [传染性淋巴细胞增多症]•infectious mononucleosis[传染性单核细胞增多症]•acute viral (chronic persistent, fulminant, chronic, chronic active) hepatitis[急性病毒性（慢性迁延性，暴发性，慢性，慢性活动性）肝炎]•icteric (anicteric) hepatitis[（非）黄疸型肝炎]•viral hepatitis type A(B,C,D,E,non A and non B)[甲（乙，丙，丁，戊，非甲非乙）型肝炎] •Dengue (Dengue hemorrhagic, epidemic hemorrhagic) fever[登革（登革出血，流行性出血）热]•relapsing (rat-bite)fever[回归（鼠咬）热]•Q (ye llow, lassa ,scarlet) fever [Q （黄，拉沙，猩红）热]•rabbit fever (tularemia)[ 兔热病]•foot-mouth disease[口蹄病]•forest (influenzal) encephalitis[森林（流感性）脑炎]•panencephalitis[全脑炎]•epidemic encephalitis B[流行性乙脑]•poliomyelitis[脊髓灰质炎]•meningitis[脑膜炎]•epidemic myalgia[流行性肌痛]•viral (human rotaviral) enteritis[病毒性（人轮状病毒性）肠炎]•epidemic parotitis (mumps)[流行性腮腺炎]•roseola infantum [婴儿玫瑰疹]•infantile diarrhea[婴儿腹泻]•rabies (hydrophobia) [狂犬病（恐水症）]•scrub typhus (tsatsugamushi disease)[恙虫病]•acute streptococcal tonsillitis[急性链球菌性扁桃体炎]•pertussis (whooping cough)[百日咳]•laryngeal (pharyngeal) diphtheria [喉（咽）白喉]•cholera[霍乱]•bacillary dysentery[菌痢]•anthrax[炭疽病]•anaerobic infection[厌氧菌感染]•kuru[库鲁病]•leptospirosis[钩端螺旋体病]•mycoplasma pneumonia[支原体肺炎]•syphilis[梅毒]•Lyme diseas e[莱姆病]•rickettsia disease[立克次体病]•epidemic (endemic) typhus[流行（地方）性斑疹伤寒]•typhoid (paratyphoid) [伤寒（副伤寒）]•botulism[肉毒中毒]•bacterial food poisoning[细菌性食物中毒]•plague [ 鼠疫]•tetanus[破伤风]•leprosy[麻风]•trachoma [沙眼]•yaws[雅司]•pulmonary (bronchial, lymph nod e, intestinal, liver, renal, skin) tuberculosis[肺（支气管，淋巴结，肠，肝，肾，皮肤）结核]•tuberculous peritonitis (meningitis, pleurisy)[结核性腹膜（脑膜，胸膜）炎] •aspergillosis[曲霉菌病]•deep candidiasis[深部念珠菌病]•cryptococcosis[隐球菌病]•mucormycosis[毛霉菌病]•mycosis[真菌病]•tinea[癣]•actinomy cosis[放射菌病]•amebic liver abscess[阿米巴肝脓肿]•intestinal amebiasis[阿米巴肠病]•malaria[疟疾]•kala-azar[黑热病]•schistosomiasis[血吸虫病]•fasciolopsiasis[姜片虫病]•paragonimiasis[肺吸虫病]•taeniasis[绦虫病]•cysticercosis[囊虫病]•echinococciasis[包虫病]•filariasis[丝虫病]•ascariasis[蛔虫病]•enterobiasis[蛲虫病]•trichuriasis[鞭虫病](11)普外科疾病[surgical diseases]•furuncle (carbuncle)[疖（痈）]•cellulitis (abscess)[蜂窝织炎（脓肿）] •lymphangitis (lymphadenitis)[淋巴管（结）炎] •paronychia[甲沟（周）炎]•subungual abscess[甲下脓肿]•tenosynovitis[腱鞘炎]•dry (moist,gas) gan grene[干（湿，气）性坏疽] •necrosis (ulcer)[坏死（溃疡）]•sinus (fistula)[窦道（瘘）]•wart (cyst)[疣（囊肿）]•fibroma (neurofibrom)[（神经）纤维瘤] •imperforatus (atresia)[闭锁]•stenosis[狭窄]•dipoma (hemangioma)[脂肪（血管）瘤] •nevus (melanoma)[黑痣（黑色素瘤）] •thyroglossal cyst [甲状舌骨囊肿]•tubercul osis of cervical lymph node[颈淋巴结结核] •thyroid adenoma (carcinoma)[甲状腺腺瘤（癌）]。
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症状symptom体征sign体格检查physical examination实验室检查laboratory examination 触诊palpation冲击触诊法ballottement清音resonance鼓音tympany过清音hyperresonance浊音dullness实音flatness听诊auscultation嗅诊smelling稽留热continued fever弛张热remittent fever间歇热intermittent fever波状热undulant fever回归热recurrent fever不规则热irregular fever寒战rigor全身性水肿anasarca心源性水肿cardiac edema肾源性水肿renal edema肝源性水肿hepatic edema黏液性水肿myxedema特发性水肿idiopathic edema血管神经性水肿angioneurotic edema胸痛chest pain放射痛radiating pain发绀cyanosis心悸palpitation心包积液pericardial effusion充血性心力衰竭congestive heart failure 咳痰expectoration咯血hemoptysis呼吸困难dyspnea大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia慢性阻塞性肺气肿chronicobstructive emphysema支气管哮喘bronchial asthma 胸腔积液pleural effusion 气胸pneumothorax恶心nausea呕吐vomiting呕血hematemesis黑便melena 便血hematochezia隐血occultblood里急后重tenesmus腹痛abdominal pain腹泻diarrhea便秘constipation黄疸jaundice血尿hematuria尿频frequentmicturition 尿急urgent m]ctunt]on尿痛(排尿困难)dysuria少尿oliguria多尿polyuria头痛headache昏厥syncope嗜睡somnolence意识模糊confusion昏睡stupor昏迷coma生命征vital sign恶病质cachexia肥胖obesiy意识障碍disturbance ofconsciousness瘀点petechia血肿hematoma肝掌liverpalms蜘蛛痣spiderangioma淋巴结肿大lymphnodeenlargement 胸骨角sternalangle胸壁chest wall皮下气肿subcutaneousemphysema 扁平胸flatchest桶状胸barrelchest三凹征Three depressionssion 酸中毒呼吸Kussmaul breath潮式呼吸chevne-stokes breath 语音震颤vocaltremitus肺泡呼吸音vesicularbreathsounds 支气管呼吸音bronchialbreathsounds 口罗音rale湿口啰音moistrale干口罗音rhonchi语音共振vocalresonance胸膜摩擦音pleuralfrictionrub心尖搏动apicalimpulse震颤thrill心房颤动atrial fibrillation心房扑动atrial flutter期前收缩premature beat心律cardiac rhythm大炮音cannon sound心音分裂splitting of heartsounds三音律triple rhythm四音律quadruple rhythm二联律bigeminy三联律trigeminy奔马律gallop rhythm开瓣音opening snap心包叩击音pericardial knock肿瘤扑落音tumor plop喀喇音click收缩期杂音systolic murmur舒张期杂音diastolic murmur连续性杂音continuous murmur心包摩擦音pedcardial frictionsound主动脉瓣狭窄aortic stenosis主动脉瓣关闭不全aortic insufficiency二尖瓣关闭不全mitral insufficiency二尖瓣狭窄mitral stenosis肺动脉瓣相对性关闭不全杂音Graham Steell二尖瓣相对性狭窄杂音Austin Flint脉搏短绌deficit pulse水冲脉waterhammer pulse奇脉paradoxical pulse血压systemic blood pressure 动态血压监测ambulatory bloodpressuremonitoring(ABPM)枪击音pistol shot sound毛细血管搏动征capillary pulsation?肋脊角costovertebral angle左季肋部left hypochondrialregion左腰部left lumber region；左髂部left iliac region；右季肋部right hypochondrialregion右腰部right lumber region；右髂部right iliac region；上腹部epigastric region；脐部umbilical region；umbilical下腹部hypogastric region中上腹epigastrium腹水ascites蛙腹frog belly气腹pneumoperitoneum腹部凹陷abdominal retraction腹部膨胀abdominal distension舟状腹scaphoid abdomen水母头caput medusae胃、肠型gastral or intestinalpattern蠕动波peristalsis板状腹board-like rigidity揉面感dough kneading sensation 压痛tenderness反跳痛rebound tenderness腹肌紧张(强直)Abdominalmuscle rigid(guarding)莫菲征Murphy's sign波动感fluctuation肝震颤liver thrill肝、脾肿大liver and spleenenlargement肝肿大hepatomegaly脾肿大splenomegaly腹块abdominal mass直肠检查rectal examination外痔external haemorrhoids瘘管fistulae液波震颤fluid thrill振水音succussion splash移动性浊音shifting dullness尺压试验ruler pressing test肠鸣音bowel sounds摩擦音friction sound搔弹音scratch sound消化性溃疡pepticulcer黑便melena急性腹膜炎acute peritonitis肝硬化liver cirrhosis蜘蛛痣spider angioma急性阑尾炎acute appendicitis阑尾点McBurney Point肠梗阻intestinal obstruction 不对称asymmetry搏动pulsation手术疤痕surgical scar脊柱后突kvohosis 杵状指acrooachv肢端肥大acromegalv肌张力muscletone角膜反射cornealreflex 膝反射kneereflex踝阵挛ankkclonus中性粒细胞neutrophil嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophil嗜碱性粒细胞basophil淋巴细胞lymphocyte单核细胞monocyte网织红细胞reticulocyte红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentationrate血细胞比容hematocrit骨髓bone marrow浆细胞plasmacyte巨核细胞megakaryocyte过氧化物酶peroxidase缺铁性贫血iron deficiency anemia溶血性贫血hemolytic anemia巨幼细胞贫血megaloblastic anemia白血病leukemia骨髓增生异常综合征myelodysplastic syndrome 多发性骨髓瘤multiple myeloma原发性血小板减少性紫癜idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura血小板platelet纤维蛋白原fibrinogen凝血时间clotting time出血时间bleeding time纤溶fibrinolvsis纤溶酶plasmin凝血酶thrombin凝血酶原prothrombin凝血活酶thromboplastin血粘度blood viscosity脑脊液cerebrospinal fluid 漏出液transudate渗出液exudate无尿anuria 胆红素尿bilirubinuria乳糜尿chyluria尿频frequency of micturition 血尿hematuria镜下血尿microscopic hematuria少尿oliguria多尿polyuria蛋白尿proteinuria脓尿pyuna尿急urgency of micturition肝功能试验liver function test血清总蛋白serum total protein血清白蛋白serum albumin血清球蛋白serum globulin蛋白电泳protein electrophoresis前白蛋白prealbumin凝血酶原时间prothrombin time胆红素bilirubin非结合胆红素unconjugated bilirubin尿胆原urobilinoaen尿胆素urobilin胆酸eholicacid靛氰绿indocvanine green，ICG丙氨酸氨基转移酶alanine aminotransferase，ALT天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶aspartateaminotransferase，AST同工酶isoenzyme碱性磷酸酶alkalinephosphatase，ALP Y—谷氨酰转移酶Y—glutamyl transferase单胺氧化酶monoamine oxidase，MAO甲胎蛋白alpha fetoprotein AFP免疫球蛋白immunoglobulin，Ig补体complement，C总补体溶血活性total hemolytic complemen tactivity，CH50E玫瑰花结形成试验erythrocyte rosette formation test，ERFT白细胞分化抗原cluster differentiation，CD表面膜免疫球蛋白surface membrane immunoglobulin，SmIg抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity，ADCC 白介素interleukin肿瘤坏死因子tumor necrosis factor，TNF干扰素interferon，IFN乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原hepatitis B virus surface antigen，HBsAg抗链球菌溶血素“O”anti—streptolysin"O"，ASO肥达反应Widal reaction，WR布氏杆菌病凝集试验Brucella agglutination test巨细胞病毒human cytomegalovirus，HCMV柯萨奇病毒Coxsaekie virus沙眼衣原体chlamydia trachomatis人获得性免疫缺陷病毒human immunodefieiency virus，HIV外斐反应Weil-Felix reaction冷凝集试验cold agglutination test肿瘤标志物tumor marker癌胚抗原carcinoembryonic antigen，CEA癌抗原125，糖链抗原125carcinoma antigenl25，carbohydrate antigen l25，CAl25前列腺特异抗原prostatic specific antigen，PSA前列腺酸性磷酸酶prostate acid phosphatase，PAP自身免疫耐受autoimune tolerance类风湿因子rheumatoid factor，RF抗核抗体antinuelear antibody，ANA双链DNA double stranded-DNA，ds-DNA抗线粒体抗体anti-mitoehondria antibody，AMA甲状腺球蛋白thyroglobulin，TG甲状腺微粒体thyroid microsome，TM抗乙酰胆碱受体抗体anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody，AchRA抗平滑肌抗体anti-smooth muscle antibody，ASMA循环免疫复合物circulating immunocomplex，CIC冷球蛋白cryoglobulin，CGC反应蛋白C-reaction protein，CRP心电图electrocardiogram肢体导联limb leads胸导联chest leads不应期refractory period易损期vulnerable period心律失常arrhythmia窦性心动过速sinus tachycardia窦性心动过缓sinus bradyeardia窦性静止sinusar rest病态窦房结综合征sicksinus syndrome阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysmal supraventricular tachyeardia 室性心动过速ventricular tachycardia房室传导阻滞atrioventricula rblock，希氏束Hisbundle文氏现象Wenckebach phenomenon左束支传导阻滞left bundle branch block，LBBB右束支传导阻滞right bundle branch block，RBBB左前分支传导阻滞left anterior fascicular block预激综合征preexcitation syndrome逸搏心律escape rhythm反复心律reciprocal rhythm动态心电图ambulatory electrocardiography(Hoher)平板运动试验treadmill test潮气量·tidal volume，VT补呼气量expiratory reserve volume，ERV补吸气量inspiratory capacity，IC肺活量vital capacitv，VC残气量residual volume，RV肺总量total lung capacity，TLC最大通气量maximal voluntary ventilation，MVV用力肺活量forced vital capacity，FVC最大呼气中段流量maximal mid—expiratory，flow MMEF肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation，VA（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。