(90KW) Line-Frequency Cored Induction Furnaces
完整的焊接方法代号(数字+字母)
焊接方法代号分类焊接代号AW——ARC WELDING——电弧焊AHW——atomic hydrogen welding——原子氢焊BMAW——bare metal arc welding——无保护金属丝电弧焊CAW——carbon arc welding——碳弧焊CAW-G——gas carbon arc welding——气保护碳弧焊CAW-S——shielded carbon arc welding——有保护碳弧焊CAW-T——twin carbon arc welding——双碳极间电弧焊EGW——electrogas welding——气电立焊FCAW——flux cored arc welding——药芯焊丝电弧焊FCW-G——gas-shielded flux cored arc welding——气保护药芯焊丝电弧焊FCW-S——self-shielded flux cored arc welding——自保护药芯焊丝电弧焊GMAW——gas metal arc welding——熔化极气体保护电弧焊GMAW-P——pulsed arc——熔化极气体保护脉冲电弧焊GMAW-S——short circuiting arc——熔化极气体保护短路过度电弧焊GTAW——gas tungsten arc welding——钨极气体保护电弧焊GTAW-P——pulsed arc——钨极气体保护脉冲电弧焊MIAW——magnetically impelled arc welding——磁推力电弧焊PAW——plasma arc welding——等离子弧焊SMAW——shielded metal arc welding——焊条电弧焊SW——stud arc welding——螺栓电弧焊SAW——submerged arc welding——埋弧焊SAW-S——series——横列双丝埋弧焊RW——RWSISTANCE WELDING——电阻焊FW——flash welding——闪光焊RW-PC——pressure controlled resistance welding——压力控制电阻焊PW——projection welding——凸焊RSEW——resistance seam welding——电阻缝焊RSEW-HF——high-frequency seam welding——高频电阻缝焊RSEW-I——induction seam welding——感应电阻缝焊RSEW-MS——mash seam welding——压平缝焊RSW——resistance spot welding——点焊UW——upset welding——电阻对焊UW-HF——high-frequency ——高频电阻对焊UW-I——induction——感应电阻对焊SSW——SOLID STATE WELDING——固态焊CEW——co-extrusion welding——CW——cold welding——冷压焊DFW——diffusion welding——扩散焊HIPW——hot isostatic pressure diffusion welding——热等静压扩散焊EXW——explosion welding——爆炸焊FOW——forge welding——锻焊FRW——friction welding——摩擦焊FRW-DD——direct drive friction welding——径向摩擦焊FSW——friction stir welding——搅拌摩擦焊FRW-I——inertia friction welding——惯性摩擦焊HPW——hot pressure welding——热压焊ROW——roll welding——热轧焊USW——ultrasonic welding——超声波焊S——SOLDERING——软钎焊DS——dip soldering——浸沾钎焊FS——furnace soldering——炉中钎焊IS——induction soldering——感应钎焊IRS——infrared soldering——红外钎焊INS——iron soldering——烙铁钎焊RS——resistance soldering——电阻钎焊TS——torch soldering——火焰钎焊UUS——ultrasonic soldering——超声波钎焊WS——wave soldering——波峰钎焊B——BRAZING——软钎焊BB——block brazing——块钎焊DFB——diffusion brazing——扩散焊DB——dip brazing——浸沾钎焊EXB——exothermic brazing——反应钎焊FB——furnace brazing——炉中钎焊IB——induction brazing——感应钎焊IRB——infrared brazing——红外钎焊RB——resistance brazing——电阻钎焊TB——torch brazing——火焰钎焊TCAB——twin carbon arc brazing——双碳弧钎焊OFW——OXYFUEL GAS WELDING——气焊AAW——air-acetylene welding——空气乙炔焊OAW——oxy-acetylene welding——氧乙炔焊OHW——oxy-hydrogen welding——氢氧焊PGW——pressure gas welding——气压焊OTHER WELDING AND JOINING——其他焊接与连接方法AB——adhesive bonding——粘接BW——braze welding——钎接焊ABW——arc braze welding——电弧钎焊CABW——carbon arc braze welding——碳弧钎焊EBBW——electron beam braze welding——电子束钎焊EXBW——exothermic braze welding——热反应钎焊FLB——flow brazing——波峰钎焊FLOW——flow welding——波峰焊LBBW——laser beam braze welding——激光钎焊EBW——electron beam welding——电子束焊EBW-HV——high vacuum——高真空电子束焊EBW-MV——medium vacuum——中真空电子束焊EBW-NV——non vacuum——非真空电子束焊ESW——electroslag welding——电渣焊ESW-CG——consumable guide eletroslag welding——熔嘴电渣焊IW——induction welding——感应焊LBW——laser beam welding——激光焊PEW——percussion welding——冲击电阻焊TW——thermit welding——热剂焊THSP——THERMAL SPRAYING——热喷涂ASP——arc spraying——电弧喷涂FLSP——flame spraying——火焰喷涂FLSP-W——wire flame spraying——丝材火焰喷涂HVOF——high velocity oxyfuel spraying——高速氧燃气喷涂PSP——plasma spraying——等离子喷涂VPSP-W——vacuum plasma spraying——真空等离子喷涂TC——THERMAL CUTTING——热切割OC——OXYGEN CUTTING——气割OC-F——flux cutting——熔剂切割OC-P——metal powder cutting——金属熔剂切割OFC——oxyfuel gas cutting——氧燃气切割CFC-A——oxyacetylene cutting——氧乙炔切割CFC-H——oxyhydrogen cutting——氢氧切割CFC-N——oxynatural gas cutting——氧天然气切割CFC-P——oxypropanne cutting——氧丙酮切割OAC——oxygen arc cutting——氧气电弧切割OG——oxygen gouging——气刨OLC——oxygen lance cutting——氧矛切割AC——ARC CUTTING——电弧切割CAC——carbon arc cutting——碳弧切割CAC-A——air carbon arc cutting——空气碳弧切割GMAC——gas metal arc cutting——熔化极气体保护电弧切割GTAC——gas tungsten arc cutting——钨极气体保护电弧切割PAC——plasma arc cutting——等离子弧切割SMAC——shielded metal arc cutting——焊条电弧切割HIGH ENERGY BEAM CUTTING——高能束切割EBC——electron beam cutting——电子束切割LBC——laser beam cutting——激光切割LBC-A——air——空气激光切割LBC-EV——evaporative——蒸气激光切割LBC-IG——inert gas——惰性气体激光切割LBC-O——oxygen——氧气激光切割如有侵权请联系告知删除，感谢你们的配合！。
AWSE焊接术语
ASME锅炉和压力容器规范中有关焊接术语定义电弧缝焊 arc seam weld 采用电弧焊方法焊成的缝形焊缝。
电弧点焊 arc spot weld 采用电弧焊方法焊成的点状焊缝。
弧伤 arc strike 由于疏忽大意，使电能在完成的焊缝（或母材）表面与焊条或磁探头（电流源）之间通过，从而发生电弧，造成在完成的焊缝（或母材）的外形轮廓上的任何烧伤。
螺柱弧焊 arc stud swelding 一种弧焊方法。
此法在金属螺柱（或类似零件）和另一工件之间引发电弧，直至被连接的表面受到适当加热，然后再以压力使两者接合起来。
在螺柱外围加一陶瓷护套，可以获得适当的部分保护。
焊剂或保护气体可用可不用。
电弧焊 arc welding 电弧焊是指某一焊接方法群，此焊接方法群是以单弧或多弧加热的办法来实现接合，填充金属可用可不用，外加压力亦可用可不用。
焊态 as-welded 焊缝金属、焊接接头和焊件，在焊接后未接受任何后续处理例如热处理、机械处理或化学处理之前的状态。
自动焊 automatic welding 采用施焊时间无需焊接操作工调节控制钮的机器进行的焊接。
这类焊机可以也可以不执行装卸工件的工作，参见机动焊。
背面清根 back gouging 从一个部分焊接的接头的另一面清除一些焊缝金属和母材，以保证从这一面作后续焊接时能完全焊透。
后焊法 backhand welding 焊炬或焊枪的指向与焊接方向相反的一种焊接技术。
衬垫 backing 为了支撑熔化的焊接金属在焊接接头的根部放置一材料。
背面气体 backing gas 采用氩、氦、氮或活性气体之类，从焊接接头根部的背面（与焊接侧相反的一面）排除氧气。
母材 base metal 被焊接的或被切割的金属。
熔合线 bond line, fusion line 见fusion line对接接头 butt joint 在近乎同一的平面内对装在一起的两元件之间的接头。
211104802_双燃料集装箱LNG燃料供应系统仪表控制设计方案
双燃料集装箱LNG燃料供应系统仪表控制设计方案李玉涛，汪丹萍（上海中远船务工程有限公司，上海200231）摘要：随着我国能源结构调整和节能减排战略的逐步实施，LNG作为清洁能源之一，在船舶行业越来越得到广泛应用。
为定时定量地提供给船舶主机或其他用气设备，LNG燃料供应系统尤为关键。
文章以集装箱船为母型船，详细介绍了LNG燃料供应系统（FGSS）改装时涉及的仪表控制设计方案，包括FGSS的组成、主要设备的仪表控制逻辑和各设定点的主要参数。
关键词：液化天然气燃料供应系统；液化天然气燃料罐；蒸发气压缩机；蒸发器中图分类号：U672文献标志码：A doi：10.13352/j.issn.1001-8328.2023.02.009Abstract：In recent years，China's energy structure adjustment and energy conservation and emission reduc⁃tion strategies are gradually implemented.LNG as one of the clean energy，is widely used in the shipbuilding in⁃dustry.The LNG fuel supply system is critical for providing regular and quantitative supply to the ship's main en⁃gine or other gas-burning equipment.This paper introduces in detail the instrument control design scheme involved in the refitting of the LNG fuel gas supply system(FGSS)，taking the container ship as the parent ship.The scheme includes the composition of the FGSS，the instrument control logic of the main equipment，and the main param⁃eters of each set point.Key words：liquefied natural gas fuel gas supply system；liquefied natural gas fuel tank；boiled off gas com⁃pressor；evaporator随着国际航运事业的不断发展以及海洋生态压力的加深，国际海事组织（IMO）颁发了“2020全球限硫令”以进一步减少全球硫排放限额，全球范围内燃油硫含量从3.5%降至0.5%。
焊接专业英语词汇5
焊接专业英语词汇5焊接专业英语词汇(5)焊点welding spot熔核nugget熔核直径diameter of nugget塑性金属环区corona bond焊透率penetration rate压痕indentation压痕深度depth of indentation压深率indentation ratio翘离sheet separation缩孔shrinkage cavity胡须intrusion电极粘损electrode pick up喷溅splash/ expulsion毛刺fin飞边upset metal/ fin焊点距weld spacing/ spot weld spacing边距edge distance分流shunt current接触电阻contact resistance电阻焊机resistance welding machine点焊机spot welding machine多点焊机multiple spot welding machine移动式点焊机portable spot welding machine缝焊机seam welding machine纵横两用缝焊机universal seam welder对焊机butt resistance welding machine凸焊机projection welding machine三相低频焊机three phase low frequency welder二次整流电阻焊机direct current resistance welder secondary rectification电容储能电阻焊机condenser discharge resistance welder电容储能点焊机condenser type spot welder/ capacitor spot welding machine 工频电阻焊机mains frequency resistance welding machine低频电阻焊机frequency converter resistance welding machine高频焊机high frequency induction welder逆变式电阻焊机inverter type resistance welding machine全波阻焊电源full wave resistance welding power source斩波阻焊电源chopped wave resistance welding power source旋转焊接变压器rotary welding transformer点焊钳spot welding headC形点焊钳C-type welding head/ C-type gunX形点焊钳pincer spot welding head/ pliers spot welding head 断续器contactor同步断续器synchronous contactor异步断续器non-synchronous contactor程序控制器sequencer程序时间调节器sequencer timer电极臂arm电极握杆electrode holder电极台板backup die/ bolster电极水冷管electrode cooling tube电极头electrode tip电极帽electrode cap锥头电极truncated tip electrode平头电极flat tip electrode尖头电极pointed tip electrode球面电极radius tip electrode偏心电极offest electrode直电极straight electrode弯电极cranked electrode双弯电极double cranked (swannecked) electrode滚轮电极circular electrode/ welding wheel斜棱滚轮电极bevelled wheel顶锻机构upsetting mechanism电极总行程total electrode stroke工作行程operational stroke辅助行程electrode travel/ electrode stroke臂间距离horn spacing/ throat opening电极臂伸出长度arm extension摩擦焊friction welding (FW)转速friction speed摩擦压力friction pressure/ heating pressure摩擦转矩friction torque摩擦时间friction time摩擦变形量burn-off length摩擦变形速度burn-off rate停车时间stopping time顶锻变形量forge length顶锻变形速度forge rate摩擦表面friction surface储能摩擦焊fly-wheel type friction welding径向摩擦焊radial friction welding扩散焊diffusion welding (DW)过渡液相扩散焊transient liquid phase diffusion welding 热等静压扩散焊hot isotatic pressure diffusion welding热轧扩散焊roll diffusion welding扩散缝焊seam diffusion welding超塑成形扩散焊supperplastic forming diffusion bounding 隔离剂buttering material爆炸焊explosive welding (EW)爆炸点焊explosive spot welding爆炸线焊explosive line welding多层板爆炸焊explosive welding of multiplayer plates多层管爆炸焊explosive welding of multiplayer tubes覆板（覆管）cladding plat (tube)/ flyer plate (tube)基板（基管）base plate(tube)/ parent plate (tube)保护层buffer/ protector基础base预置角preset angle间距initial stand-off/ spacing装药量explosive load装药密度charge density/ loading density质量比mass ratio平行法parallel plate configuration角度法preset angle configuration均匀布药average arranging explosive梯形布药gradient arranging explosive爆炸焊参数explosive welding parameters初始参数initial parameters动态参数dynamic parameters界面参数interface parameters爆轰速度detonation velocity覆板速度cladding plate velocity碰撞点impact point碰撞点速度velocity of the impact point弯折角bending angle碰撞角collision angle碰撞压力impact pressure格尼能Gurney energy垂直碰撞normal impact倾斜碰撞oblique impact/ inclined impact对称碰撞symmetrical impact来流upper stream出流down stream再入射流re-entrant jet自清理oneself cleaning结合区bond zone平面结合plane bond波状结合wave-like bond界面波长length of the interfacial wave界面波幅amplitude of the interfacial wave熔化层molten layer熔化袋molten pocket雷管区detonator zone边界效应edge effect焊接性窗口weldability windows焊着率ratio of welding area起爆方法method of initiation内爆法internal explosion process外爆法external explosion process半圆柱试验法semi-cylinder experiment method 超声波焊ultrasonic welding (UW)超声波点焊ultrasonic spot welding超声波缝焊ultrasonic seam welding超声波点焊机ultrasonic spot welder超声波缝焊机ultrasonic seam welder冷压焊cold pressure welding (CPW)热压焊hot pressure welding热轧焊hot roll welding旋弧压力焊rotating arc pressure welding埋弧压力焊submerged arc pressure welding电渣压力焊electroslag pressure welding气压焊gas pressure welding锻焊forge-welding/ blacksmith welding磁力脉冲焊magnetic-pulse welding硬钎焊brazing软钎焊soldering烙铁钎焊iron soldering火焰钎焊torch brazing/ torch soldering热风钎焊hot gas soldering感应钎焊induction brazing电阻钎焊resistance brazing接触反应钎焊contact-reaction brazing电弧钎焊arc brazing浸渍钎焊dip brazing/ dip soldering盐浴钎焊saltbath dip brazing (soldering)金属浴钎焊molten metal bath dip brazing炉中钎焊furnace brazing/ furnace soldering保护气氛钎焊brazing in controlled atmosphere真空钎焊vacuum brazing蒸气钎焊vapor phase soldering超声波钎焊ultrasonic soldering扩散钎焊diffusion brazing波峰钎焊flow soldering/ wave soldering分级钎焊step brazing/ step soldering不等间隙钎焊brazing with the unparalleled clearance红外线钎焊infra-red brazing (soldering)光束钎焊light soldering (brazing)激光钎焊laser brazing (soldering)电子束钎焊electron beam brazing钎接焊braze-welding钎料brazing filler metal/ solder硬钎料brazing filler metal软钎料solder (m)自钎剂钎料self-fluxing brazing alloy/ self-fluxing filler metal 活性钎料active filler metal/ active metal brazing alloy成形钎料preformed filler metal/ solder preform非晶态钎料amorphous filler metal粉状钎料powdered filler metal钎料膏braze cream/ braze paste/ solder cream/ solder paste药皮钎料flux coated brazing(soldering)rod层状钎料sandwich filler metal药芯钎料丝flux-cored colder wire敷钎料板clad brazing sheet钎剂brazing flux; soldering flux气体钎剂gas flux反应钎剂reaction flux松香钎剂colophony flux; rosin flux钎剂膏flux paste阻流剂stopping-off agent钎剂活性flux activity钎剂活性温度范围activation temperature range of flux 钎剂热稳定性thermal stability of flux钎焊过程brazing (soldering) process钎焊操作brazing (soldering) operation工艺镀层technological coating钎焊面faying face钎缝间缝joint gap; joint clearance钎焊参数brazing process variables钎焊温度brazing temperature钎焊时间brazing time钎焊保温时间holding time of brazing钎缝brazing seam; soldering seam钎缝界面区interfacial region钎缝金属brace metal钎角fillet钎焊接头braced joint; soldered joint平面搭接头joggled lap joint; flush lap joint搭接对接接头butt and lap joint搭接T形接头lapped T-joint; flanged T-joint锁缝接头folded joint平面锁缝接头lick side seam joint; flat lock seam joint 锁缝角接接头lock corner joint; corner double seam嵌入T形接头inset T jointT形管接头branch T saddle joint套管接头socket joint外喇叭口套管接头flare tube fitting扩口套管接头spigot joint钎焊性brazability; solderability润湿性wettability润湿角wetting angle; contact angle铺展性spreadability铺展系数spread factor; coefficient of spreading钎着率brazed rate脱钎de-brazing; de-soldering润湿称量试验wetting balance test铺展性试验spreadability test填缝性试验clearance fillability test未钎透incomplete penetration虚钎cold soldered joint钎料熔析liquation of filler metal溶蚀erosion钎料流失brazing filler metal erosion钎剂夹杂flux inclusion晶间渗入intergranular penetration波峰钎焊机wave soldering machine冷壁真空钎焊炉cold wall type vacuum brazing热壁真空钎焊炉hot wall type vacuum brazing furnace 钎焊盒brazing retort钎剂涂敷器fluxer钎炬brazing (soldering) blowpipe喷灯brazing lamp烙铁solder iron热喷涂thermal spraying火焰喷涂flame spraying电弧喷涂electric arc spraying等离子喷涂plasma spraying高频感应喷涂high frequency spraying气体爆燃式喷涂detonation flame spraying金属喷涂metal spraying; metallizing塑料喷涂plastic spraying陶瓷喷涂ceramic spraying喷熔spray-fusing表面粗糙化处理surface roughening电火花拉毛electrospark roughening抛锚效应anchoring喷涂层spray-fused coating喷熔层spray-fused coating结合层bond coating; under coating工作层work coating结合强度adhesive strength涂层强度strength of coating封孔处理sealing封孔剂sealant喷涂率spray rate沉积效率deposition efficiency孔隙率porosity喷涂材料spraying material自熔剂合金粉末self-fluxing alloy powder喷炬（枪）spray torch;热切割thermal cutting (TC)气割gas cutting; oxygen cutting氧溶剂切割powder cutting氧-石英砂切割quartz powder cutting电弧切割arc cutting氧气电弧切割oxy-arc cutting空气电弧切割air arc cutting等离子弧切割plasma arc cutting (PAC)空气等离子弧切割air plasma arc cutting氧等离子切割oxygen plasma arc cutting水再压缩空气等离子弧切割air plasma water injection arc cutting双层气流等离子弧切割dual gas plasma arc cutting; shielded gas plasma arc cutting。
灯具英语词汇
English Chinesefirework lamp / light烟花灯holiday lamp / light节日灯Christmas lamp / light圣诞灯coconut lamp / light椰树灯Halide Lamps / Halogen Lamps卤素灯incandescent light bulbs白炽灯泡integral switch组合开关illumination专业照明stage lamp舞台灯emergency lamp / light应急灯recessed light / lamp嵌灯/嵌入灯/埋地灯car lamp车灯head lamp车头灯spot light / lamp投光灯light linear走线灯flood light / lamp泛光灯landscape light / lamp景观灯electronic senor light / lamp电子感应灯mosquito killer lamp灭蚊灯light光源bulb灯泡energy saving lamp节能灯Compact Fluorescent Lamp节能灯(紧凑型荧光灯) fluorescent light /lamp荧光灯fluorescent light fixtures荧光灯支架flashlight/torch light / lamp电筒lamp cup灯杯metal halide/halogen lamp金卤灯Bromine tungsten lamp溴钨灯mercury lamp汞灯Sodium lamp钠灯Halogen tungsten lamp卤钨灯iodine tungsten lamp碘钨灯neon lamp氖灯/霓虹灯quartz lamp石英灯Banner lighting company倍尔诺照明halogen lamp金卤灯light fittings灯饰配件lamp shade灯罩lamp holder灯头/灯座lamp base灯头/灯座lamp house灯盘Gas discharge lamp气体放电灯fluorescent light /lamp荧光灯current-carry载(电)流的current-conducting导电的acrylic fitting压克力配件plastic fitting塑胶配件ceramic fitting陶瓷配件hardware fitting五金配件glass fitting玻璃配件die-casting fitting压铸件switch开关electric wire / power cored电线Pin (plug)插针/插头socket插座Inductive / magnetic ballast电感镇流器electronic ballast电子镇流器adapter适配器transformer变压器starter启动器commutator整流器sensor感应器dimmer调光器termianl端子台Linear fluorescent light tube荧光灯管tri-phosphor三基色tri-phosphor Fluorescent Powder三基色稀土荧光粉tri-phosphor tube light三基色灯管tri-phosphor LEDS三基色发光二极管pseudo-color LED panel伪彩色LEDall-color LED panel全彩色LEDLight and radiation光及辐射Luminous flux , Φ光通量(单位为：流明lm) luminous intensity, I光强度candela, cd光强度单位：坎德拉Illuminance, E照度Lux, lx照度单位：勒克斯Luminance, L辉度cd/㎡辉度单位：坎德拉每平方米Co1or Temperature色温Kelvin, K色温单位：绝对温度Light color光色Color rendering演色性general color rendering index, (Ra)平均演色性指数Luminaire efficiency灯具效率Invisible Light不可见光Spectrum光谱Incandescent bulb白炽灯泡ceiling lamp / light吸顶灯crystal lamp / light水晶灯residential lamp / light室内灯chandeliers枝状大吊灯pendant lamp / light吊灯half pendant lamp / light半吊灯table lamp / light台灯wall lamp / light壁灯floor lamp / light落地灯water pearl lamp / light水珠灯track lamp / light导轨灯pillar lamp / light柱灯tiffany lamp / light蒂凡尼灯water fountain lamp / light风水灯outdoor lamp / light户外灯street lamp / light路灯down lamp / light筒灯spot lamp / light投光射灯garden lamp / light庭院灯lawn lamp / light草坪灯water proof lamp / Under water lampcurrent-limiter防水灯marble lamp / light石艺灯parchment lamp / light羊皮灯mirror front lamp / light镜前灯grille lamp / light格栅灯wooden lamp / light木灯palace lamp / light宫灯imitated crystal lamp / light仿水晶灯low voltage lamp / light低压灯artificial lamp / light工艺灯picture lamp / light镜画灯track / line lamp / light吊线灯water jet lamp / light柱头灯underwater lamp / light水底灯outdoor wall lamp / light户外壁灯assembled lamp / light组合灯solar lamp / light太阳能灯rainbow lamp / lighta彩虹灯holiday lamp / light彩灯chromatic (perceived) colour无彩（知觉）色acdjustable luminarie可调式灯具area (surface) light source面光源average cylinderical illuminance平均柱面照度average illuminance平均照度average life平均寿命average luminance平均亮度average spherical illuminance, scalar illuminance平均球面照度；标量照度ballast镇流器bayonet cap插口式灯头beam angle光束角brightness视亮度calculatinb height of luminaire灯具计算高度cap灯头ceiling luminaire, surface mounted luminaire吸顶灯具chroma彩度chromatic adaptation色适应chromatic (perceived )colour有彩（知觉）色chromaticity色品；色度）CIE standard clear sky CIE标准全晴天空CIE standard overcast sky CIE标准全阴天空CIE standard photometric observer CIE标准光度观察者circular fluorescent lamp环形荧光灯coefficient ofsunshine spacing日照间距系数colorimeter色度计colorimetry色测量colour appearance色表）colour atlas色（谱）集colour chip色卡colour contrast色对比colour correction色修正colour of light source光源色olour rendering显色性colour rendering index显色指数colour sensation色感觉colour stimulus色刺激colour temperature色温（度）combined lughting混光照明compact fluorescent lamp紧凑型荧光灯cool colour冷色cool white fluorescent lamp冷白色荧光灯correction coefficient for beight-span ratio高跨比修正系数correction coefficient of window width窗宽修正系数correlated colour temperature相关色温（度）cosine correction余弦修正cut-off截光cut-off angle截光角dark adaptation暗适应daylight昼光daylight climate coefficient光气候系数daylight factor采光系数daylight factor of window or rooflight opening窗洞口采光系数daylight fluorescent lamp日光采荧光灯decorative lamp装饰灯泡diffused lighting漫射照明diffused luminaire漫射型灯具diffuser漫射体diffuse reflectance漫射射比diffuse reflection漫反射diffuse sky radiation天空漫射辐射diffuse transmission漫透射diffuse transmittance漫透射比direct flux直接光通量diffusion漫射direct glare直接眩光direct lighting直接照明direct luminaire直接型灯具directional lighting向定照明direction sign luminaire指向标志灯direct solar radiation直接日辐射disability glare失能眩光discharge lamp放电灯discomfort glare不舒适眩光distribution of luminous intensity光强分布；配光downlight下射式灯具downward flux下半球光通量dust-proof luminaire防尘灯具dust-tight luminaire尘密型灯具electric light source电光源electromagnetic radiation电磁辐射emergency lighting应急照明emergency luminaire应急灯escape lighting疏散照明escape sign luminaire疏散标志灯exit sign luminaire出口标志灯exterior critical illuminance室外临界照度externally reflected component of daylight factor采光系数的室外反射光分量flame-proof luminaire隔爆型灯具flicker闪烁floodlight泛光灯floodlighting泛光照明floor lamp落地灯fluorescent high pressure mercury (vapour) lamp荧光高压汞（蒸气）灯fluorescent lamp荧光灯frosted lamp磨砂灯泡full cut-off luminaire截光型灯具gas-filled lamp充气灯泡general colour rendering index一般显色指数general diffused lighting一般漫射照明general lighting一般照明general light souree普通照明灯泡glare眩光glare by reflection反射眩光global daylight illuminance总昼光照度global solar radiation总日辐射gloss光泽gloss meter光泽计goniophotometer变角光度计hand lamp手提灯high-frequency fluorescent lamp高频荧光灯high-frequency induction lamp高频无极感应灯high intensity discharge lamp高强度气体放电灯high mast lighting高杆照明high pressure mercury (vapour) lamp高压汞（蒸气）灯high pressure sodium (vapour) lamp高压钠（蒸气）灯high pressure sodium (vapour) lamp with high colour rendering高显色型高压钠（蒸气）灯high pressure sodium (vapour) lamp with improved colour rendering中显色型高压钠（蒸气）灯horizontal illuminance水平面照度hue色调，色相ignitor触发器illuminance照度illuminance meter照度计illuminance ratio照度比illuminance vector照度矢量incandescent lamp白炽灯increased safety luminaire增安型灯具increment coefficient due to interior reflected light室内反射光增量系数indirect flux间接光通量indirect lighting间接照明indirect luminaire间接型灯具infrared radiation红外辐射initial average illuminance初始平均照度inspection lighting检修照明instant-start fluorescent lamp瞬时启动式荧光灯integrating sphere积分球intermediate colour中间色internally reflected component of daylight factor采光系数的室内反射光分量iso-illuminance curve等照度曲线iso-intensity curve等光强曲线iso-luminance curve等亮度曲线isotropic diffuse reflection各向同性漫反射isotropic diffuse transmission各向同性漫透射lambert's (cosine) law朗伯（余弦）定律lamp current灯电流lampholder灯座lamp voltage灯电压life (of a lmap)(灯的）寿命light adaptation光light center (of a light source of luminaire)明适应）light climate光源的或灯具的）光中心lightness (of a related colour)光气候light loss coefficient due to obstruction or exterior building明度（相关色）line light souree室外建筑挡当折减系数local lighting线光源localised lilghting局部照明louvre, lourver分区一般照明low pressure sodium (vopour) lamp遮光格栅luminaire低压钠（蒸气）灯low-voltage tungsten halogen lamp灯具luminaire efficiency低压卤钨灯luminaire for explosive atmosphere灯具效率luminaire for road lighting防爆灯具luminaire guard道路照明灯具luminance灯具保护网luminance contrast亮度luminance meter亮度对比luminous ceiling lighting亮度计luminous efficiency (of a lamp)发光顶棚照明laminous environment灯的）发光效率luminous flux光环境luminous flux maintenance factor光通量luminous flux ratio of combined light source光通量维持率luminous intensity混光光源通量比maintained average illuminance发光强度maintenance factor维持平均照度maximum illuminance维护系数maximum permissable spacing height ratio of luminaire最大照度median life灯具最大允许距离高比mercury (vapour) lamp中值寿命mesopic vision汞（蒸气）灯metal halide lamp中间视觉）method of utilization factor, lumen method金属卤化物灯middle angle luminaire利用系数法；流明法minimum illuminance中照型灯具minimum sunshine spacing最小照度mixed lighting最小日照间距mixed reflection混合照明mixed transmission混合反射moisture-proof lampholder混合透射monochromatic radiation防潮灯座mounting height of luminaire单色辐射narrow angle luminaire灯具安装高度neon tubing深照型灯具non-cut-off luminaire霓虹灯normal illuminance非截光型灯具mormal lighting法向照度object colour正常照明obstracle lighting物体色obstruction障碍照明on-duty lighting天空遮挡物opal lamp值班照明optical bench乳白灯泡optical radiation光具座；测光导轨ordianry luminaire光学辐射orientation coefficient of clear sky普通灯具pendant luminaire晴天方向系数（perceived) colour悬吊式灯具perfect reflecting diffuser(觉）色，颜色perfect transmitting diffuser理想漫反射体permanent supplementary artificial lighting理想漫透射体photocell常设辅助人工照明photometry光电池photopic vision光测量pin cap明视觉point light source插脚式灯头point method点光源portable luminaie逐点法possible sunshine duration (at a particular locationg)可移式灯具power per unit area可照明间（某一特定地点）prefocus lamp单位面积功率preheat start fluorescent lamp聚光灯泡projector预热启动式荧光灯protected luminaire投光灯protective glass防护型灯具Quick start fluorescent lamp保护玻璃radiant flux快速启动式荧光灯rated current辐射通量rated luminous flux (of a type of lamp)额定电流rated power (of a type of lamp)(灯的）额定光通量rated voltage(灯的）额定功率ratio of glazing to floor area额定电压recessed luminaire窗地面积比reference surface嵌入式灯具reflectance参考平面reflected (global) solar radiation反射比reflection反射（总）日辐射reflectometer反射reflector反射计reflector lamp反射器refraction反射型灯泡refractor折射regular reflectance折射器regular reflection规则反射比specular reflection规则反射；镜面反射regular transmission规则透射；直接透射direct transmission规则透射比regular transmittance相对光谱分布relative spectral distribution日照率relative sunshine duration逆反射retroreflection反射型高压汞（蒸气）灯reflector type high pressure mercury (vapour) lamp再启动时间re-starting time升降悬吊式灯具rise and fall pendant luminare道路照明road lighting室空间比room cavity ratio室形指数room index旋转对称光强分布rotationally symmetrical luminous intensity distribution安全照明safety lighting暗视觉）scotopic vision螺口式灯头screw cap封闭型光束灯泡sealed beam lamp探照灯searchlight警卫照明security lighting自镇流荧光高压汞（蒸气）灯self-ballasted fluorescent high pressure mercury (vapour) lamp半截光型灯具semi-cut-off luminaire半直接照明semi-direct lighting半直接型灯具semi-direct luminaire半高杆照明semi-high mast lighting半间接照明semi-indirect lighting半间接型灯具semi-indirect luminaire遮光角shielding angle天空（漫射）光skylight采光系数的天空光分量sky component of daylight factor钠（蒸气）灯sodium (vapour) lamp日辐射solar radiation灯具距高比spacing height ratio of luminaire空间等照度曲线spacing iso-illuminance curve灯具间距spacingof luminaire特殊显色指数）special colour rendering index光谱（密）集度；光谱分布spectrial concentration, spectral distribution谱线spectral line光谱光（视）效率spectral luminous effciency光谱光度计；分光光度计spectrophotometer光谱spectrum聚光灯，射灯spotlight重点照明spotlighting启动器stand-by lighting备用照明starting time启动时间starting current启动电流starting voltage启动电压straight tubular fluorescent lamp直管形荧光灯stroboscopic effect频闪效应sunlight阳光；直射日光sunshine duration日照明间sunshine on building建筑日照sunshine spacing日照间距surface colour表面色symmetrical (asymmetrical) luminaire对称配光型（非对称配光型）灯具symmetrical luminous intensity distribution对称光强分布table lamp台灯three-band fluorescent lamp三基色荧光灯total cloud amount总云量total flux总光通量total power (of a type of lamp)(灯的）全功率total transmittance of daylighting采光的总透射比transmission透射transmittance透射比tungsten halogen lamp卤钨灯tubular incandescent lamp管形白炽灯泡ultraviolet radiation紫外辐射）underwater luminaire水下灯具uniformity of daylighting采光均匀度uniformity ratio of illuminance照度均匀度upward flux上半球光通量utilization factor利用系数vacuum lamp真空灯泡veiling reflection光幕反射vertical illuminance垂直面照度vibration service lamp耐震灯泡visibility可见度visible radiation可见辐射vision视觉visual acuity视力；视觉敏税度visual adaptation视觉适应visual angle视角visual environment视觉环境visual field视野visual performance视觉功效visual task视觉作业wall luminaire壁灯warm colour暖色warm white fluorescent lamp暖白色荧光灯water-proof luminaire防水灯具water-tight luminaire水密型灯具white coating lamp涂白灯泡wide angle luminaire广照型灯具working plane工作面xenon lamp氙灯。
iPACS-5711线路保护测控装置技术说明书
3.3. 过流保护.........................................................................................................6
1.2. 保护配置和功能....................................................................................................................................1 1.2.1. 保护配置 ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2.2. 测控功能 ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2.3. 保护信息功能 ..................................................................................................................................... 1
061115管道工程英语词汇(按工作分类编制)
061115管道工程英语词汇(按工作分类编制)管道施工英语词汇手册English Nomenclator for Pipeline Construction目录Catalogue第一章线路施工 Mainline Construction1、焊接、防腐补口 Welding, Field Joint Coating2．技术资料和图纸 Technical Data Information and Drawings3．材料和管件 Material and Pipepiece4．管沟开挖、下沟和回填 Trenching,Lowering-in and Backfilling第二章无损检测 Non Destructive Testing (NDT)1.无损检测 Non Destructive Testing(NDT)2.射线检测 Radiography Testing(RT)3.全自动超声波检测 Automatic Ultrasonic Testing (AUT)第三章穿跨越 Underground Crossing and Overhead-Crossing第四章站场、阀室 Processing Stations and Valve Stations第五章试压 Hydrostatic Testing第六章进度、变更与投资控制 Schedule, Variation and Investment Control第七章健康、安全、环境 Health, Safety and Environment第八章文档控制Document Control第一章线路施工 Mainline Construction1、焊接、防腐补口 Welding, Field Joint CoatingAdvance gas injection提前注气Ambient temperature环境温度Anemoscope风速仪Annular torch环形火炬加热器Arc burn引弧烧伤Argon arc welding氩弧焊Argon shielded arc welding氩气保护电弧焊Automatic submerged arc welding自动埋弧焊Automatic welding自动焊Batch Number批号Bevel 坡口Bevelling machine坡口机Butt welding对接焊Cap welding盖面焊Carbon dioxide gas arc welding二氧化碳气体保护焊Carbon dioxide二氧化碳Carbon steel碳钢Crack裂纹Current电流DC welding machine直流焊机Deep fillet welding深熔角焊Defect缺陷Deficiency缺欠Downhand welding俯焊Dry extension干伸长度Electrode [electrical arc] welding电弧焊Electrode offset焊条偏心度Electrode/ welding rod/ welding stick焊条welding wire焊丝flux cored welding药芯焊丝焊Electrogas welding气电焊Electropercussive welding电冲击焊Eutectic welding低温焊Exothermic welding铝热焊External line-up clamp外对口器Face Bend test面弯试验Filler welding/bead填充焊Fine welding精密焊接Fine wire welding细丝焊接position welding定位焊接Flat position welding平焊Flow rate流速Flux药皮Forehand welding顺手焊接Frequency 频率Fusion pressure welding熔化压接Gas metal arc welding气体保护金属极电弧焊Gas porosity气孔Gas shielded magnetic flux arc welding磁性焊剂气体保护焊Girth welding环缝焊接Gravity welding重力焊Grinding 打磨Ground wire地线Hardness test硬度试验Helium shielded welding氦气保护焊接HIC test 氢致裂纹（HIC）试验High frequency induction welding高频感应焊接Horizontal fillet welding水平角焊接Hot welding/bead热焊Impact test冲击试验Indirect spot welding间接点焊Inert gas shielded arc welding惰性气体保护焊Inert gas tungsten arc welding钨板惰性气体保护焊Inert gas惰性气体active gas活性气体Inertial welding惯性焊接Internal line-up clamp内对口器Internal pit/root concave内凹Inter-pass temperature层间温度Lack of fusion 未熔合Lack of penetration未焊透Lap fillet welding搭角焊Lap welding搭焊; 搭头焊接Liquid metal welding熔焊Longitudinal seam welding纵向缝焊接Low carbon steel低碳钢Low hydrogen electrode低氢焊条Macro test宏观试验Magnetic discharge welding电磁焊Magnetic force welding磁力焊接法Manual welding手工焊Mitre welding斜接焊接Multiple projection welding多点凸焊Multiple resistance welding复式电阻焊Multiple electrode welding多焊条焊接Multiple impulse welding多脉冲焊Multiple wire multiple power submerged arc welding多丝埋弧焊Multi run welding多道焊Nick Break test刻槽锤断试验Non gas shielded arc welding无气体保护电弧焊Offset错边量Onsite handover stake现场交桩Open arc welding明弧焊接Open butt gas pressure welding开式加压气焊Oscillation摆幅Overhead position welding仰焊Overlap welding搭接焊Overlaying welding堆焊, 补焊Oxygen cut氧气切割Pad welding垫块焊接Penetration fusion welding深熔焊接Penetration test渗透检测Pile up welding堆焊Pinpoint welding点焊Pipe alignment管对口Position welding定位焊Post heat treatment焊后热处理Power polarity电源极性Preheat预热Push welding手压点焊(接)Radio frequency welding射频焊接Repair返修Resistance butt seam welding电阻对缝焊接Resistance spot welding接触点焊Resistance stud welding电阻栓焊Root Bend test背弯试验Root face钝边Root gap对口间隙Root welding/ bead根焊Rotating arc welding旋转电弧焊Self procured material 自购材料Self adjusting [self regulating] arc welding自动调节电弧焊Semiautomatic welding半自动焊Shape welding异形焊Shielding Gas保护气体Side Bend test侧弯试验Single pass [run] welding单焊道焊接Skip block welding分段多层跳焊Skys welding间隔焊接Slanting butt seam welding斜对接缝焊Solid phase (pressure) welding固相压焊Solid state welding固态焊Spatter飞溅Special build up welding特殊堆焊Spin welding旋转熔接Spring type welding弹力式焊接Stack welding多层接触点焊Staggered welding错列焊Staggered intermittent fillet welding错综式间断角焊Stitch welding叠焊(法), 跳焊Stitch and seam welding点线焊, 断续焊缝Straight bead welding直线焊接Stud welding螺柱焊接Submerged arc welding埋弧焊Submerged slag pool welding埋弧电渣焊接Super low hydrogen electrode超低氢焊条Symmetry welding对称焊接Sack welding平头焊接, 点焊Tensile Strength test抗拉强度试验Test plate试板Thermal compression welding热压焊接Three phase arc welding三相电弧焊接Tie-in Welding连头焊Torch braze welding焊矩钎焊Track welding轨道焊接Under cut咬边Underside welding仰焊Vacuum diffusion welding真空扩散焊(接) Vertical downhill welding垂直下向焊Vertical Filler Welding立填焊Vertical position welding立焊Vertical uphill welding 垂直上向焊Visual inspection/examination外观检查Voltage 电压Wall thickness壁厚Water gas welding水煤气焊接Water vapor arc welding水蒸汽保护焊接Weaving welding摆动焊Weld bead焊缝、熔敷焊道, 焊珠Weld crater/ welding pool/ welding tub焊接熔池Weld gauge焊缝量规Weld holder焊接架Weld interval焊接时间间隔Weld joint焊接接头Weld junction熔合线Weld length焊缝长度Weld metal deposition焊缝金属熔敷（法）Weld metal焊接[焊缝]金属Weld pass焊道, 焊层Welded body焊体Welded cathode焊接阴极Welded connection焊接头Welded eye焊眼Welded joint焊接缝Welded plate girder焊接板梁Welding above trench沟上焊Welding beading焊瘤Welding bench焊接工作台Welding blow lamp焊炬Welding booth焊接棚Welding burner焊炬喷嘴Welding contactor电焊接触器Welding cut bit焊割工具Welding direction焊接方向Welding dynamo焊接发电机Welding equipment焊接设备Welding fixture/ jig焊接夹具Welding flash弧光灼伤Welding fluid/ welding flux焊剂Welding gang焊工班, 焊接组Welding generator电焊发电机Welding handle焊条夹，电极夹钳Welding in trench沟下焊Welding manipulator焊件支架, 焊接机械手Welding mask电焊面罩Welding power lead焊接用输电线Welding Procedure Qualification焊接工艺评定Welding Procedure Specification（WPS）焊接工艺规程Welding process parameters焊接参数Welding regulator焊接(电流)调节器Welding residual stress焊接残余应力Welding rod core焊条药芯Welding screen电焊遮光罩Welding slag焊渣Welding Speed焊接速度Welding spot焊点Welding station焊接站Welding stress焊接应力Welding torch pipe焊枪管Welding torch/ welding gun焊枪Welding transformator焊接变压器Wire drive feeder送丝机Wire feed speed送丝速度2．技术资料和图纸 Technical Data Information and DrawingsAirscape/bird’s eye view鸟瞰图Auxiliary view辅助图Base map 底图Bidding document投标文件Construction contract 施工合同Construction drawing budget施工图预算Construction drawing joint review施工图会审Construction Execution Plan施工方案Construction Organization Plan施工组织设计Construction standard and acceptance specification,施工标准和验收规范Cut away view剖视图Design document设计文件Design drawing设计图纸Design handover设计移交Drawing number图号Drawing size/scale 图纸尺寸/图纸比例Factory/field prefabrication工厂/现场预制Front view正视图General layout drawing 总平面图General view总图Kick off Application Report开工申请报告Operation procedure操作规程Pipe installation dimension/elevation/orientation/direction管道安装尺寸/标高/方位/方向Rear view后视图Right view右视图Side view/side elevation侧视图Social support 社会依托Technical handover技术交接Technical instruction/manual/document技术说明书/手册/文件Technical specification技术规程Top view顶视图（俯视图）3．材料和管件 Material and PipepieceBending Angle弯曲角度Bend 弯管elbow弯头Breast wall护壁Coated pipe防腐管Curvature radius曲率半径Curvature 曲率Distortion slot变形缝Groove坡口Internal and external coatings 内外涂层Material and fitting type 材料和管件类型Specification/quality certificate 规格/合格证Quality certification/instructions 质量证明文件/使用说明Pressure grade压力等级Spiral/longitudinal seam螺旋焊缝/直焊缝4．管沟开挖、下沟和回填 Trenching,Lowering-in and BackfillingAirtight pressure test 气密性实验Annular holiday detector 环形检漏仪Building with bricks and stones 砖石砌筑建筑Civil works 土建工程Construction Supervision Team(CST) 施工监理组Cross-section type and dimension 断面形式及尺寸CST Headquaters (CST HQ) 监理总部CST Site Office 监理分部Construction Contrator施工承包商Inspection Company检测公司Dozer 推土机Field stringing 现场布管Fine soil 细土Fit-up 组对Ground holiday detector 地面检漏仪High Density Polyethylene(HDPE)硅管High-pressure air gun 高压气枪Kilometer stake 里程桩Landform restoration 地貌恢复Man (Hand) hole 人（手）孔Marker stake 标志桩Mountainous area 山区地段Primary backfill 一次回填Right of way (ROW) clearning 施工作业带清理Sand blasting 喷砂Secondary backfill 二次回填Slope stake 边坡桩Station alignment 站场放线Stopper air blow test 通棒试验Swamp 沼泽Tow tractor 牵引机Trench excavation 管沟开挖Turning point stake 转角桩第二章无损检测 NDT1.无损检测 Non Destructive TestingAcoustic Emission( AE) 声发射探伤法Automatic ultrasonic testing（AUT）自动超声波检测Magnetic Particle Inspection (MT) 磁粉探伤法Magnetic testing (MT) 磁粉探伤法Non Destructive Testing (NDT) 无损检测Optical holography techniques 光学全息技术Penetrant Testing (PT) 渗透探伤法Radiography testing（RT）射线检测2.射线检测 Radiography TestingAbsorb dose 吸收计量Acceptable defect level 缺陷合格等级Acceptable quality level(AQC) 像质验收等级，像质验收标准Acceptance criterion 验收准则Acceptance standard 验收标准Accessory device 辅助装置Accessory equipment 附属设备Accident error 偶然错误。
焊接相关英文缩写及常用焊接词汇
焊接相关英文缩写收集整理：John Zhang 2007-7-18AW——ARC WELDING——电弧焊AHW——atomic hydrogen welding——原子氢焊BMAW——bare metal arc welding——无保护金属丝电弧焊CAW——carbon arc welding——碳弧焊CAW-G——gas carbon arc welding——气保护碳弧焊CAW-S——shielded carbon arc welding——有保护碳弧焊CAW-T——twin carbon arc welding——双碳极间电弧焊EGW——electrogas welding——气电立焊FCAW——flux cored arc welding——药芯焊丝电弧焊FCW-G——gas-shielded flux cored arc welding——气保护药芯焊丝电弧焊FCW-S——self-shielded flux cored arc welding——自保护药芯焊丝电弧焊GMAW——gas metal arc welding——熔化极气体保护电弧焊GMAW-P——pulsed arc——熔化极气体保护脉冲电弧焊GMAW-S——short circuiting arc——熔化极气体保护短路过度电弧焊GTAW——gas tungsten arc welding——钨极气体保护电弧焊GTAW-P——pulsed arc——钨极气体保护脉冲电弧焊MIAW——magnetically impelled arc welding——磁推力电弧焊PAW——plasma arc welding——等离子弧焊SMAW——shielded metal arc welding——焊条电弧焊SW——stud arc welding——螺栓电弧焊SAW——submerged arc welding——埋弧焊SAW-S——series——横列双丝埋弧焊RW——RWSISTANCE WELDING——电阻焊FW——flash welding——闪光焊RW-PC——pressure controlled resistance welding——压力控制电阻焊PW——projection welding——凸焊RSEW——resistance seam welding——电阻缝焊RSEW-HF——high-frequency seam welding——高频电阻缝焊RSEW-I——induction seam welding——感应电阻缝焊RSEW-MS——mash seam welding——压平缝焊RSW——resistance spot welding——点焊UW——upset welding——电阻对焊UW-HF——high-frequency——高频电阻对焊UW-I——induction——感应电阻对焊SSW——SOLID STATE WELDING——固态焊CEW——co-extrusion welding——CW——cold welding——冷压焊DFW——diffusion welding——扩散焊HIPW——hot isostatic pressure diffusion welding——热等静压扩散焊EXW——explosion welding——爆炸焊FOW——forge welding——锻焊FRW——friction welding——摩擦焊FRW-DD——direct drive friction welding——径向摩擦焊FSW——friction stir welding——搅拌摩擦焊FRW-I——inertia friction welding——惯性摩擦焊HPW——hot pressure welding——热压焊ROW——roll welding——热轧焊USW——ultrasonic welding——超声波焊S——SOLDERING——软钎焊DS——dip soldering——浸沾钎焊FS——furnace soldering——炉中钎焊IS——induction soldering——感应钎焊IRS——infrared soldering——红外钎焊INS——iron soldering——烙铁钎焊RS——resistance soldering——电阻钎焊TS——torch soldering——火焰钎焊UUS——ultrasonic soldering——超声波钎焊WS——wave soldering——波峰钎焊B——BRAZING——软钎焊BB——block brazing——块钎焊DFB——diffusion brazing——扩散焊DB——dip brazing——浸沾钎焊EXB——exothermic brazing——反应钎焊FB——furnace brazing——炉中钎焊IB——induction brazing——感应钎焊IRB——infrared brazing——红外钎焊RB——resistance brazing——电阻钎焊TB——torch brazing——火焰钎焊TCAB——twin carbon arc brazing——双碳弧钎焊OFW——OXYFUEL GAS WELDING——气焊AAW——air-acetylene welding——空气乙炔焊OAW——oxy-acetylene welding——氧乙炔焊OHW——oxy-hydrogen welding——氢氧焊PGW——pressure gas welding——气压焊OTHER WELDING AND JOINING——其他焊接与连接方法AB——adhesive bonding——粘接BW——braze welding——钎接焊ABW——arc braze welding——电弧钎焊CABW——carbon arc braze welding——碳弧钎焊EBBW——electron beam braze welding——电子束钎焊EXBW——exothermic braze welding——热反应钎焊FLB——flow brazing——波峰钎焊FLOW——flow welding——波峰焊LBBW——laser beam braze welding——激光钎焊EBW——electron beam welding——电子束焊EBW-HV——high vacuum——高真空电子束焊EBW-MV——medium vacuum——中真空电子束焊EBW-NV——non vacuum——非真空电子束焊ESW——electroslag welding——电渣焊ESW-CG——consumable guide eletroslag welding——熔嘴电渣焊IW——induction welding——感应焊LBW——laser beam welding——激光焊PEW——percussion welding——冲击电阻焊TW——thermit welding——热剂焊THSP——THERMAL SPRAYING——热喷涂ASP——arc spraying——电弧喷涂FLSP——flame spraying——火焰喷涂FLSP-W——wire flame spraying——丝材火焰喷涂HVOF——high velocity oxyfuel spraying——高速氧燃气喷涂PSP——plasma spraying——等离子喷涂VPSP-W——vacuum plasma spraying——真空等离子喷涂TC——THERMAL CUTTING——热切割OC——OXYGEN CUTTING——气割OC-F——flux cutting——熔剂切割OC-P——metal powder cutting——金属熔剂切割OFC——oxyfuel gas cutting——氧燃气切割CFC-A——oxyacetylene cutting——氧乙炔切割CFC-H——oxyhydrogen cutting——氢氧切割CFC-N——oxynatural gas cutting——氧天然气切割CFC-P——oxypropanne cutting——氧丙酮切割OAC——oxygen arc cutting——氧气电弧切割OG——oxygen gouging——气刨OLC——oxygen lance cutting——氧矛切割AC——ARC CUTTING——电弧切割CAC——carbon arc cutting——碳弧切割CAC-A——air carbon arc cutting——空气碳弧切割GMAC——gas metal arc cutting——熔化极气体保护电弧切割GTAC——gas tungsten arc cutting——钨极气体保护电弧切割PAC——plasma arc cutting——等离子弧切割SMAC——shielded metal arc cutting——焊条电弧切割HIGH ENERGY BEAM CUTTING——高能束切割EBC——electron beam cutting——电子束切割LBC——laser beam cutting——激光切割LBC-A——air——空气激光切割LBC-EV——evaporative——蒸气激光切割LBC-IG——inert gas——惰性气体激光切割LBC-O——oxygen——氧气激光切割焊接英文词汇收集整理：John Zhang 2007-7-18电阻焊resistance welding (RW)点焊spot welding; resistance spot welding凸焊projection welding缝焊seam welding滚点焊roll-spot welding连续点焊stitch welding多点焊multiple spot welding手压点焊push welding; poke welding脉冲点焊pulsation spot welding; multiple-impulse welding 双面点焊direct spot welding单面点焊indirect spot welding串联点焊series spot welding多点凸焊multiple projection welding频道进缝焊step-by-step seam welding压平缝焊mash seam welding串联缝焊series seam welding对接缝焊butt seam welding; foil-butt seam电阻对焊upset butt welding闪光对焊flash butt welding (FBW)储能焊stored energy welding电容储能点焊condenser discharge spot welding高频电阻焊high frequency resistance welding冲击电阻焊percussion welding胶接点焊spot weld-bonding; weld-bonding闪光flashing; flash过梁bridge; lintel顶锻upsetting; upset夹紧力clamping force顶锻力upsetting force; upset force电极压力electrode force; electrode pressure电极滑移electrode skid焊接循环welding cycle预压时间squeeze time锻压时间forge-delay time; forge time焊接通电时间（电阻焊）welding time (resistance welding) 预热时间preheat time加热时间heat time冷却时间cool time间歇时间quench time; chill time回火时间temper time维持时间hold time休止时间off time闪光时间flash time; flashing time顶锻时间upset time; upsetting time有电顶锻时间upset current time无电顶锻时间upset current-off time闪光速度flashing speed闪光电流flashing current; flash current顶锻电流upset current预热电流preheat current回火电流temper current调伸长度initial overhange; extension总留量total allowance闪光留量flash allowance顶锻留量upset allowance顶锻速度upset speed电极接触面electrode contact surface贴合面faying surface焊点welding spot熔核nugget熔核直径diameter of nugget塑性金属环区corona bond焊透率penetration rate压痕indentation压痕深度depth of indentation压深率indentation ratio翘离sheet separation缩孔shrinkage cavity胡须intrusion电极粘损electrode pick up喷溅splash/ expulsion毛刺fin飞边upset metal/ fin焊点距weld spacing/ spot weld spacing边距edge distance分流shunt current接触电阻contact resistance电阻焊机resistance welding machine点焊机spot welding machine多点焊机multiple spot welding machine移动式点焊机portable spot welding machine 缝焊机seam welding machine纵横两用缝焊机universal seam welder对焊机butt resistance welding machine凸焊机projection welding machine三相低频焊机three phase low frequency welder二次整流电阻焊机direct current resistance welder secondary rectification电容储能电阻焊机condenser discharge resistance welder电容储能点焊机condenser type spot welder/ capacitor spot welding machine 工频电阻焊机mains frequency resistance welding machine低频电阻焊机frequency converter resistance welding machine高频焊机high frequency induction welder逆变式电阻焊机inverter type resistance welding machine全波阻焊电源full wave resistance welding power source斩波阻焊电源chopped wave resistance welding power source旋转焊接变压器rotary welding transformer点焊钳spot welding headC形点焊钳C-type welding head/ C-type gunX形点焊钳pincer spot welding head/ pliers spot welding head断续器contactor同步断续器synchronous contactor异步断续器non-synchronous contactor程序控制器sequencer程序时间调节器sequencer timer电极臂arm电极握杆electrode holder电极台板backup die/ bolster电极水冷管electrode cooling tube电极头electrode tip电极帽electrode cap锥头电极truncated tip electrode平头电极flat tip electrode尖头电极pointed tip electrode球面电极radius tip electrode偏心电极offest electrode直电极straight electrode弯电极cranked electrode双弯电极double cranked (swannecked) electrode滚轮电极circular electrode/ welding wheel斜棱滚轮电极bevelled wheel顶锻机构upsetting mechanism电极总行程total electrode stroke工作行程operational stroke辅助行程electrode travel/ electrode stroke臂间距离horn spacing/ throat opening电极臂伸出长度arm extension摩擦焊friction welding (FW)转速friction speed摩擦压力friction pressure/ heating pressure摩擦转矩friction torque摩擦时间friction time摩擦变形量burn-off length摩擦变形速度burn-off rate停车时间stopping time顶锻变形量forge length顶锻变形速度forge rate摩擦表面friction surface储能摩擦焊fly-wheel type friction welding径向摩擦焊radial friction welding扩散焊diffusion welding (DW)过渡液相扩散焊transient liquid phase diffusion welding 热等静压扩散焊hot isotatic pressure diffusion welding热轧扩散焊roll diffusion welding扩散缝焊seam diffusion welding超塑成形扩散焊supperplastic forming diffusion bounding 隔离剂buttering material爆炸焊explosive welding (EW)爆炸点焊explosive spot welding爆炸线焊explosive line welding多层板爆炸焊explosive welding of multiplayer plates多层管爆炸焊explosive welding of multiplayer tubes覆板（覆管）cladding plat (tube)/ flyer plate (tube)基板（基管）base plate(tube)/ parent plate (tube)保护层buffer/ protector基础base预置角preset angle间距initial stand-off/ spacing装药量explosive load装药密度charge density/ loading density质量比mass ratio平行法parallel plate configuration角度法preset angle configuration均匀布药average arranging explosive梯形布药gradient arranging explosive爆炸焊参数explosive welding parameters初始参数initial parameters动态参数dynamic parameters界面参数interface parameters爆轰速度detonation velocity覆板速度cladding plate velocity碰撞点impact point碰撞点速度velocity of the impact point弯折角bending angle碰撞角collision angle碰撞压力impact pressure格尼能Gurney energy垂直碰撞normal impact倾斜碰撞oblique impact/ inclined impact对称碰撞symmetrical impact来流upper stream出流down stream再入射流re-entrant jet自清理oneself cleaning结合区bond zone平面结合plane bond波状结合wave-like bond界面波长length of the interfacial wave界面波幅amplitude of the interfacial wave熔化层molten layer熔化袋molten pocket雷管区detonator zone边界效应edge effect焊接性窗口weldability windows焊着率ratio of welding area起爆方法method of initiation内爆法internal explosion process外爆法external explosion process半圆柱试验法semi-cylinder experiment method 超声波焊ultrasonic welding (UW)超声波点焊ultrasonic spot welding超声波缝焊ultrasonic seam welding超声波点焊机ultrasonic spot welder超声波缝焊机ultrasonic seam welder冷压焊cold pressure welding (CPW)热压焊hot pressure welding热轧焊hot roll welding旋弧压力焊rotating arc pressure welding埋弧压力焊submerged arc pressure welding电渣压力焊electroslag pressure welding气压焊gas pressure welding锻焊forge-welding/ blacksmith welding磁力脉冲焊magnetic-pulse welding硬钎焊brazing软钎焊soldering烙铁钎焊iron soldering火焰钎焊torch brazing/ torch soldering热风钎焊hot gas soldering感应钎焊induction brazing电阻钎焊resistance brazing接触反应钎焊contact-reaction brazing电弧钎焊arc brazing浸渍钎焊dip brazing/ dip soldering盐浴钎焊saltbath dip brazing (soldering)金属浴钎焊molten metal bath dip brazing炉中钎焊furnace brazing/ furnace soldering保护气氛钎焊brazing in controlled atmosphere真空钎焊vacuum brazing蒸气钎焊vapor phase soldering超声波钎焊ultrasonic soldering扩散钎焊diffusion brazing波峰钎焊flow soldering/ wave soldering分级钎焊step brazing/ step soldering不等间隙钎焊brazing with the unparalleled clearance红外线钎焊infra-red brazing (soldering)光束钎焊light soldering (brazing)激光钎焊laser brazing (soldering)电子束钎焊electron beam brazing钎接焊braze-welding钎料brazing filler metal/ solder硬钎料brazing filler metal软钎料solder (m)自钎剂钎料self-fluxing brazing alloy/ self-fluxing filler metal 活性钎料active filler metal/ active metal brazing alloy成形钎料preformed filler metal/ solder preform非晶态钎料amorphous filler metal粉状钎料powdered filler metal钎料膏braze cream/ braze paste/ solder cream/ solder paste药皮钎料flux coated brazing(soldering)rod层状钎料sandwich filler metal药芯钎料丝flux-cored colder wire敷钎料板clad brazing sheet钎剂brazing flux; soldering flux气体钎剂gas flux反应钎剂reaction flux松香钎剂colophony flux; rosin flux钎剂膏flux paste阻流剂stopping-off agent钎剂活性flux activity钎剂活性温度范围activation temperature range of flux钎剂热稳定性thermal stability of flux钎焊过程brazing (soldering) process钎焊操作brazing (soldering) operation工艺镀层technological coating钎焊面faying face钎缝间缝joint gap; joint clearance钎焊参数brazing process variables钎焊温度brazing temperature钎焊时间brazing time钎焊保温时间holding time of brazing钎缝brazing seam; soldering seam钎缝界面区interfacial region钎缝金属brace metal钎角fillet钎焊接头braced joint; soldered joint平面搭接头joggled lap joint; flush lap joint搭接对接接头butt and lap joint搭接T形接头lapped T-joint; flanged T-joint锁缝接头folded joint平面锁缝接头lick side seam joint; flat lock seam joint 锁缝角接接头lock corner joint; corner double seam 嵌入T形接头inset T jointT形管接头branch T saddle joint套管接头socket joint外喇叭口套管接头flare tube fitting扩口套管接头spigot joint钎焊性brazability; solderability润湿性wettability润湿角wetting angle; contact angle铺展性spreadability铺展系数spread factor; coefficient of spreading钎着率brazed rate脱钎de-brazing; de-soldering润湿称量试验wetting balance test铺展性试验spreadability test填缝性试验clearance fillability test未钎透incomplete penetration虚钎cold soldered joint钎料熔析liquation of filler metal溶蚀erosion钎料流失brazing filler metal erosion钎剂夹杂flux inclusion晶间渗入intergranular penetration波峰钎焊机wave soldering machine冷壁真空钎焊炉cold wall type vacuum brazing热壁真空钎焊炉hot wall type vacuum brazing furnace 钎焊盒brazing retort钎剂涂敷器fluxer钎炬brazing (soldering) blowpipe喷灯brazing lamp烙铁solder iron热喷涂thermal spraying火焰喷涂flame spraying电弧喷涂electric arc spraying等离子喷涂plasma spraying高频感应喷涂high frequency spraying气体爆燃式喷涂detonation flame spraying金属喷涂metal spraying; metallizing塑料喷涂plastic spraying陶瓷喷涂ceramic spraying喷熔spray-fusing表面粗糙化处理surface roughening电火花拉毛electrospark roughening抛锚效应anchoring喷涂层spray-fused coating喷熔层spray-fused coating结合层bond coating; under coating工作层work coating结合强度adhesive strength涂层强度strength of coating封孔处理sealing封孔剂sealant喷涂率spray rate沉积效率deposition efficiency孔隙率porosity喷涂材料spraying material自熔剂合金粉末self-fluxing alloy powder喷炬（枪）spray torch;热切割thermal cutting (TC)气割gas cutting; oxygen cutting氧溶剂切割powder cutting氧-石英砂切割quartz powder cutting电弧切割arc cutting氧气电弧切割oxy-arc cutting空气电弧切割air arc cutting等离子弧切割plasma arc cutting (PAC)空气等离子弧切割air plasma arc cutting氧等离子切割oxygen plasma arc cutting水再压缩空气等离子弧切割air plasma water injection arc cutting双层气流等离子弧切割dual gas plasma arc cutting; shielded gas plasma arc cutting 激光切割laser cutting(LC); laser beam cutting电子束切割electron beam cutting喷气激光切割gas jet laser cutting碳弧切割carbon arc cutting水下切割underwater cutting喷水式水下电弧切割waterjet method underwater arc cutting氧矛切割oxygen lancing; oxygen lance cutting溶剂氧切割powder lancing手工气割manual oxygen cutting自动气割automatic oxygen cutting仿形切割shape cutting数控切割NC (numerical-control) cutting快速切割high-speed cutting垂直切割square cut叠板切割stack cutting坡口切割beveling; bevel cutting碳弧气割carbon arc air gouging火焰气刨flame gouging火焰表面清理scarfing氧熔剂表面修整powder washing预热火焰preheat flame预热氧preheat oxygen切割氧cutting oxygen/ cutting stream切割速度cutting speed切割线lone of cut/ cut line切割面face of cut/ cut face切口kerf切口上缘cutting shoulder切口宽度kerf width后拖量drag切割面平面度evenness of cutting surface/ planeness of cutting surface割纹深度depth of cutting veins/ stria depth切割面质量quality of cut face上缘熔化度shoulder meltability/ melting degree of shoulder切口角kerf angle缺口notch挂渣adhering slag结瘤dross割炬cutting torch/ cutting blowpipe/ oxygen-fuel gas cutting torch割枪cutting gun割嘴cutting nozzle/ cutting tip快速割嘴divergent nozzle/ high-speed nozzle表面割炬gouging blowpipe水下割炬under-water cutting blowpipe水下割条electrode for under-water cutting粉剂罐powder dispenser数控切割机NC cutting machine门式切割机flame planer光电跟踪切割机photo-electric tracing cutting火焰切管机pipe flame cutting machine磁轮式气割机gas cutting machine with magnetic wheels 焊接结构welded structure/ welded construction焊件weldment焊接部件weld assembly组装件built-up member接头设计joint design焊接应力welding stress焊接瞬时应力transient welding stress焊接残余应力welding residual stress热应力thermal stress收缩应力contraction stress局部应力local stress拘束应力constraint stress固有应力inherent stress固有应变区inherent strain zone残余应力测定residual stress analysis逐层切割法Sach’s methodX射线衍射法X-ray stress analysis小孔释放法Mathar method固有应变法inherent strain method消除应力stress relieving局部消除应力local stress relieving应力重分布stress redistribution退火消除应力stress relieving by annealing温差拉伸消除应力low temperature stress relieving机械拉伸消除应力mechanical stress relieving应力松弛stress relaxation焊接变形welding deformation焊接残余变形welding residual deformation局部变形local deformation角变形angular distortion自由变形free deformation收缩变形contraction deformation错边变形mismatching deformation挠曲变形deflection deformation波浪变形wave-like deformation火焰矫正flame straightening反变形backward deformation焊接力学welding mechanics断裂力学fracture mechanics弹塑性断裂变形elasto-plastic fracture mechanics线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics延性断裂ductile fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture应力腐蚀开裂stress corrosion cracking热应变脆化hot straining embrittlement临界裂纹尺寸critical crack size裂纹扩展速率crack propagation rate裂纹张开位移（COD）crack opening displacement拘束度restraint intensity拘束系数restraint coefficient应变速率strain rate断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factor临界应力强度因子critical stress intensity factors应力腐蚀临界应力强度因子critical stress intensity factor of stress corrosion cracking J积分J-integration罗伯逊止裂试验Robertson crack arrest testESSO试验ESSO test双重拉伸试验doucle tension test韦尔斯宽板拉伸试验Well’s wide plate test帕瑞斯公式Paris formula断裂分析图fracture analysis diagram焊接车间welding shop焊接工作间welding booth焊接工位welding post/ welding station焊接环境welding surroundings焊工welder电焊工manual arc welder气焊工gas welder焊接检验员weld inspector焊工培训welders training焊工模拟训练器trainer of synthetic weld焊工考试welder qualification test焊工合格证welder qualification/ welder qualified certification钢板预处理steel plate pretreatment喷沙sand blast喷丸shot blast矫正straighten开坡口bevelling (of the edge)/ chanfering装配assembly/ fitting安装erect刚性固定rigid fixing装配焊接顺序sequence of fitting and welding 焊接工艺评定welding procedure qualification 焊接工艺规程welding procedure specification 焊接工艺试验welding procedure test焊接工艺卡welding procedure card工序operational sequence焊接材料消耗定额welding consumables quota 焊接工时定额welder-hour quota清渣slag removal清根back gouging/ back chipping锤击peening返修次数number of rewelding焊接工作台welding bench装焊平台welding platen电磁平台electromagnetic platen焊接翻转机welding tilter焊接回转台floor turnable positioner焊接变位机positioner焊接滚轮架turning rolls焊接操作机manpulator焊工升降台welder’s lifting platform焊接夹具welding jig/ fixture磁力夹紧器magnetic jig螺旋推撑器screw operated tensioning unit焊丝盘绕机welding wire coiler焊条压涂机welding electrode extrusion press 红外线加热器infra-red heater干燥箱dryer焊条保温筒thermostat for electrode流量计flow meterCO2预热器CO2 heaterCO2干燥器CO2 desiccator焊接电缆welding cable电缆夹头welding connector地线earth lead地线夹头earth clamp焊接参数记录仪welding parameter recorder 焊缝检测规weld gauge喷嘴通针tip cleaner测温笔tempil stick敲渣锤chipping hammer焊接衬垫backing/ welding backing保留垫板fusible backing/ permanent backing临时垫板temporary backing焊剂垫flux backing惰性气体衬垫inert-gas backing引弧板run-on tab/ end tab/ starting weld tab引出板run-off tab/ end tab定位板strong-back加强勒stiffener嵌条insert套环ferrule面罩helmet滤光镜片filter glass/ welding glass防护镜片cover glass/ plain glass气焊眼镜welding goggles焊接机器人welding robot点焊机器人spot welding robot弧焊机器人arc welding robot切割机器人cutting robot焊接机器人生产线robot line for welding焊接机器人工作站welding robot station机器人运动自由degree of free for robot机器人工作空间robot working space轨迹重复精度path repeatability点位重复精度PTP repeatability焊接专家系统welding expert system焊接机器人示数welding robot play back焊接图象识别pattern recognition for welding焊接图象处理welding image processing计算机辅助焊接工艺设计computer-aided welding process programming (CAWPP) 计算机辅助焊接结构设计computer-aided design for welding structure焊接烟尘weld fume焊接发尘量total amount of fumes焊接烟尘浓度weld fume concentration焊接烟尘容限浓度threshold limit values of weld fume (TLV)焊接发尘速率weld fume emission rate焊接有害气体welding toxic gases/ weld harmful gases标定卫生空气需要量nominal hygienic air requirement焊工尘肺pheumocomsis of welder焊工锰中毒chronic occupational manganese poisoning of welder焊工氟中毒fluorosis of welder焊工金属烟热metal fume fever of welder电光性眼炎eye-flash (arc eye)电光性皮炎electro-photo dermatitis电弧紫外线灼伤ultraviolet ray burn防电击装置voltage reducing device除尘装置dust collection device焊工手套welding gloves护脚welding spats防护鞋shielding shoes焊接欠缺welding imperfection焊接缺陷weld defect气孔blowhole/ gas pore针尖状气孔pinhole密集气孔porosity条虫状气孔wormhole裂纹crack表面裂纹surface crack咬边undercut焊瘤overlap凹坑pit烧穿burn through塌陷excessive penetration未焊透incomplete penetration/ lack of penetration未熔合lack of fusion/ incomplete fusion未焊满incompletely filled weld根部凹陷root concavity电弧擦伤arc scratch夹渣slag inclusion夹杂物inclusion夹钨tungsten inclusion白点fish eye/ flake错边misalignment/ dislocation试件test piece试样test specimen无损检验nondestructive test破坏检验destructive test外观检查visual examination超声波探伤ultrasonic inspection直射法超声波探伤straight beam method斜射法超声波探伤angle beam method液浸法超声波探伤immersion method射线探伤radiographic inspection/ radiographyX射线探伤X-ray radiographic inspectionγ射线探伤gamma-ray inspectionX射线工业电视探伤X-ray industrial television inspection 磁粉探伤magnetic particle inspection电磁探伤electromagnetic inspection/ eddy current test探伤灵敏度flaw detection sensitivity渗透探伤penetration inspection荧光探伤flurescent penetrant inspection 着色探伤dye penetrant inspection密封性检验leak test气密性检验air tight test枕形气密检验pillow test耐压检验pressure test水压检验hydraulic test气压检验pneumatic test液晶检验liquid crystal test声发射检测acoustic emission testing面弯试验face bend testing背弯试验root bend test侧弯试验side bend test横弯试验horizontal bend test纵弯试验axial bend test压扁试验squeezing test。
焊接方法代号(数字+字母)
焊接代号AW--ARC WELDING——电弧焊AHW——atomic hydrogen welding—-原子氢焊BMAW-—bare metal arc welding—-无保护金属丝电弧焊CAW——carbon arc welding——碳弧焊CAW—G——gas carbon arc welding——气保护碳弧焊CAW—S-—shielded carbon arc welding——有保护碳弧焊CAW—T——twin carbon arc welding-—双碳极间电弧焊EGW——electrogas welding—-气电立焊FCAW—-flux cored arc welding——药芯焊丝电弧焊FCW-G-—gas-shielded flux cored arc welding——气保护药芯焊丝电弧焊FCW-S—-self-shielded flux cored arc welding-—自保护药芯焊丝电弧焊GMAW—-gas metal arc welding——熔化极气体保护电弧焊GMAW—P--pulsed arc——熔化极气体保护脉冲电弧焊GMAW—S——short circuiting arc——熔化极气体保护短路过度电弧焊GTAW——gas tungsten arc welding——钨极气体保护电弧焊GTAW—P-—pulsed arc——钨极气体保护脉冲电弧焊MIAW-—magnetically impelled arc welding-—磁推力电弧焊PAW——plasma arc welding——等离子弧焊SMAW—-shielded metal arc welding——焊条电弧焊SW——stud arc welding——螺栓电弧焊SAW——submerged arc welding—-埋弧焊SAW-S-—series——横列双丝埋弧焊RW—-RWSISTANCE WELDING——电阻焊FW——flash welding--闪光焊RW-PC——pressure controlled resistance welding—-压力控制电阻焊PW——projection welding--凸焊RSEW——resistance seam welding——电阻缝焊RSEW—HF——high—frequency seam welding--高频电阻缝焊RSEW—I——induction seam welding——感应电阻缝焊RSEW-MS——mash seam welding—-压平缝焊RSW——resistance spot welding——点焊UW——upset welding—-电阻对焊UW-HF——high-frequency —-高频电阻对焊UW—I-—induction——感应电阻对焊SSW-—SOLID STA TE WELDING—-固态焊CEW——co-extrusion welding——CW——cold welding--冷压焊DFW—-diffusion welding-—扩散焊HIPW——hot isostatic pressure diffusion welding—-热等静压扩散焊EXW——explosion welding——爆炸焊FOW——forge welding—-锻焊FRW—-friction welding——摩擦焊FRW-DD——direct drive friction welding——径向摩擦焊FSW——friction stir welding——搅拌摩擦焊FRW—I——inertia friction welding——惯性摩擦焊HPW—-hot pressure welding——热压焊ROW——roll welding-—热轧焊USW——ultrasonic welding——超声波焊S—-SOLDERING-—软钎焊DS——dip soldering--浸沾钎焊FS--furnace soldering-—炉中钎焊IS—-induction soldering--感应钎焊IRS——infrared soldering—-红外钎焊INS——iron soldering——烙铁钎焊RS——resistance soldering——电阻钎焊TS——torch soldering-—火焰钎焊UUS—-ultrasonic soldering——超声波钎焊WS--wave soldering——波峰钎焊B——BRAZING——软钎焊BB——block brazing——块钎焊DFB——diffusion brazing——扩散焊DB——dip brazing—-浸沾钎焊EXB——exothermic brazing——反应钎焊FB—-furnace brazing—-炉中钎焊IB——induction brazing——感应钎焊IRB-—infrared brazing-—红外钎焊RB—-resistance brazing—-电阻钎焊TB--torch brazing——火焰钎焊TCAB-—twin carbon arc brazing-—双碳弧钎焊OFW-—OXYFUEL GAS WELDING—-气焊AAW-—air—acetylene welding——空气乙炔焊OAW——oxy-acetylene welding-—氧乙炔焊OHW--oxy—hydrogen welding——氢氧焊PGW——pressure gas welding—-气压焊OTHER WELDING AND JOINING—-其他焊接与连接方法AB—-adhesive bonding——粘接BW-—braze welding——钎接焊ABW-—arc braze welding—-电弧钎焊CABW--carbon arc braze welding——碳弧钎焊EBBW——electron beam braze welding——电子束钎焊EXBW-—exothermic braze welding—-热反应钎焊FLB-—flow brazing——波峰钎焊FLOW——flow welding—-波峰焊LBBW——laser beam braze welding——激光钎焊EBW—-electron beam welding—-电子束焊EBW-HV—-high vacuum—-高真空电子束焊EBW-MV——medium vacuum--中真空电子束焊EBW—NV——non vacuum——非真空电子束焊ESW——electroslag welding-—电渣焊ESW—CG——consumable guide eletroslag welding——熔嘴电渣焊IW——induction welding-—感应焊LBW--laser beam welding—-激光焊PEW——percussion welding——冲击电阻焊TW——thermit welding——热剂焊THSP——THERMAL SPRAYING-—热喷涂ASP——arc spraying-—电弧喷涂FLSP—-flame spraying——火焰喷涂FLSP-W——wire flame spraying—-丝材火焰喷涂HVOF——high velocity oxyfuel spraying——高速氧燃气喷涂PSP—-plasma spraying——等离子喷涂VPSP-W—-vacuum plasma spraying——真空等离子喷涂TC-—THERMAL CUTTING——热切割OC——OXYGEN CUTTING——气割OC-F—-flux cutting——熔剂切割OC-P——metal powder cutting——金属熔剂切割OFC——oxyfuel gas cutting——氧燃气切割CFC-A——oxyacetylene cutting—-氧乙炔切割CFC—H——oxyhydrogen cutting——氢氧切割CFC—N-—oxynatural gas cutting——氧天然气切割CFC-P—-oxypropanne cutting——氧丙酮切割OAC——oxygen arc cutting——氧气电弧切割OG——oxygen gouging——气刨OLC——oxygen lance cutting——氧矛切割AC——ARC CUTTING—-电弧切割CAC--carbon arc cutting——碳弧切割CAC-A-—air carbon arc cutting——空气碳弧切割GMAC——gas metal arc cutting-—熔化极气体保护电弧切割GTAC——gas tungsten arc cutting——钨极气体保护电弧切割PAC——plasma arc cutting—-等离子弧切割SMAC——shielded metal arc cutting--焊条电弧切割HIGH ENERGY BEAM CUTTING--高能束切割EBC-—electron beam cutting—-电子束切割LBC——laser beam cutting——激光切割LBC-A—-air-—空气激光切割。
IEC61400-1-2005风电机组设计要求标准英汉对照
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INTERNATIONAL STANrbines – Part 1:
Design requirements
Publication numbering As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the 60000 series. For example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1.
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进出口专业英语词汇（C7）_财务英语词汇
copper rayon 铜氨人造丝copper red glaze 铜红釉copper ring 紫铜圈copper rod 铜棒copper rope 铜丝绳copper round wire 铜圆线copper ruby glass 铜玉红玻璃copper scrap 红铜杂件copper screw hook 紫铜螺丝钩copper screw 紫铜螺丝copper sheet 薄紫铜板copper sleeve 铜套管copper smelting furnace 炼铜炉copper soldering iron 紫铜铬铁copper sponge 海绵铜copper spring coil 铜弹簧线圈copper spring 铜弹簧copper square bar 方铜棒copper stearate 硬脂酸铜copper steel 铜钢copper strand wire 铜股线copper stranded conductor 铜绞线copper stranded wire 铜绞线copper strap wire 铜扁线copper strap 铜带copper strip corrosion tester 铜条腐蚀测试仪copper strip 紫铜带copper sulfide rectifier 硫化铜整流器copper sulphate 硫酸铜copper sulphide 硫化铜copper sulphur alloy 铜硫合金copper tea-pot 铜茶壶copper tin alloy plating fog inhibitor 镀铜锡合金抑雾剂copper tin alloy 铜锡合金copper titanate 钛酸铜copper tube 紫铜管copper uranite 铜铀云母copper uversol 环烷酸铜copper valve 铜阀门copper vapor laser 铜蒸气激光器copper vapour pumped dye laser 铜蒸气泵浦染料激光器copper vitriol 硫酸铜copper voltameter 铜解伏安计copper wash tower 铜洗塔copper washer 铜垫圈copper water bath 铜浴缸copper weld steel wire 铜焊钢丝copper weld wire 包铜钢丝copper welding rod 铜焊条copper wire bar 铜线锭copper wire brush 红铜丝刷copper wire cloth 铜丝布copper wire gauze 铜丝网copper wire mesh 铜网copper wire netting 铜丝网copper wire pliers 铜丝割钳copper wire rope 铜丝绳copper wire 紫铜丝copper zinc solder 铜锌焊料copper 紫铜copper-constantan compensating conductor 铜-康铜补偿导线copper-copper-nickel compensating conductor 铜-铜-镍补偿导线copper-etching printer 铜蚀刻印刷机copper-fixed 混铜灵杀菌剂copper-glass composite fibre 铜-玻璃复合纤维copper-gold alloy 铜金合金copper-graphite bearing 铜-石墨轴承copper-graphite brush 铜石墨电刷copper-graphite-bronze alloy 铜-石墨-青铜合金copper-lead bearing 铜铅合金轴承copper-lead-bronze alloy 铜-铅-青铜合金copper-lead-tin 铜铅锡合金copper-nickel alloy 铜镍合金copper-nickel ore 铜镍矿砂copper-oxide meter 氧化铜仪表copper-oxide modulator 氧化铜调制器copper-plated iron screw ring 镀紫铜铁吊环螺钉copper-sardez 氧化亚铜杀菌剂copper-sulfate impregnated pole 硫酸铜浸渍电杆copper-tungsten 铜钨合金copperas 绿矾coppered steel wire 镀铜钢丝coppered wire 包铜丝copperized lead 含铜铅copperleaf 铁苋菜copperware 铜制品copra oil 椰子油coprantol 王铜杀菌剂copro 磺王铜杀菌剂coprocessor 协处理器copter engine 直升飞机发动机coptis bolus for clearing the upper heat 黄连上清丸coptis root 黄连coptis teeta pill 黄连丸coptis teeta 黄连coptis 黄连copy book 习字帖copy carving machine 仿形刻字机copy engraving machine 仿形刻模铣床copy holder 拷贝托架copy lathe 靠模车床copy machine 仿形机床copy milling machine 靠模铣床copy paper 拷贝纸copy polishing machine tool 仿形抛光机床copy router 仿形镂床copy rule 仿形尺copygraph 油印机copying and duplicating machine 复制印刷机copying and punching shear machine 仿形冲剪机copying apparatus 拷贝机copying autogenous cutter 仿形气割机copying book 习字簿copying boring bar 仿形镗杆copying camera 复照仪copying ink 复写墨水copying lathe 仿形车床copying lens 翻拍镜头copying machine 复印机copying milling machine 仿形铣床copying paper 复印用纸copying pencil 字迹不易拭去的铅笔copying press 复印机copying ribbon 打字色带copying tissue 拷贝纸coquille 贝壳形花边coquita fibre 科奎塔纤维cora silk 科拉绸coral ardisia root 朱砂根coral carving 珊瑚雕刻品coral colour cloth 珊瑚色布coral coloured glaze 珊瑚釉coral red cloth 珊瑚红色布coral red 珊瑚红coral rose colour cloth 珊瑚玫瑰色布coral yarn 珊瑚纱线coral 海石花coral 柯来而牌手表coralline point 珊瑚纹手工针绣花边coram 漂白粗亚麻布corbadrine 可巴林corbit 蒽醌驱鸟剂corcel 科塞尔牌汽车corchorus capsularis 圆果种黄麻corchorus olitorius 长果种黄麻cord adjuster 塞绳调节器cord adjusting ball 塞绳长度调整球cord adjusting box 塞绳调整箱cord bag 绳编袋cord braiding machine 编绳索机cord carpet 起圈地毯cord circuit repeater 塞绳中继器cord de chine 凸纹直条薄呢cord fabric 轮胎布cord grip lamp holder 扣线灯座cord knitting machine 针织圆带机cord lace tablecloth 粗线花边台布cord lace 粗线花边cord making machine 制绳机cord sash 嵌芯圆线带cord stripe 直条凸纹织物cord switch board 塞绳交换机cord switch 拉线开关cord thread 帘线cord tie 缎带领带cord trousering 裤料条花呢cord tyre fabric 轮胎布cord tyre 绳织轮胎cord velvet 凸条丝绒cord weight 绳锤cord wheel 手摇纺车cord with weight 带平衡锤的吊绳cord wood saw 活动锯cord yarn 捻合股线cord 软绳cordage checking unit 绳索检验机cordage machine 制绳机cordage 绳索cordaggio 三四级那不勒斯大麻cordal 科达尔粗帆布cordaleen 科达林垂直棱纹女式呢cordamex 科达梅克斯高强力粘胶纤维cordarone 可达龙cordat serge 科达粗厚哔叽cordat 硬帆布cordate houttuynia 鱼腥草cordate telosma 夜来香corded alpaca 阿尔帕卡凸条纹布corded baft 经向凸条坯布corded fabric 直棱或横棱织物corded pants 棱条织物裤corded plush 棱条长毛绒corded silk ribbon 灯芯缎带corded velveteen 灯芯绒corded voile 经向凸条巴里纱cordelan fibre 柯台纶纤维cordelat 科迪拉长绒厚呢cordella lace 网地粗线纹手工花边cordelle 纤绳cordettes 大麻布cordia 科迪亚牌汽车cordial glass 小高脚酒杯cordierite porcelain 堇青石瓷cordierite stoneware 堇青石炻器cordierite-based glass fibre 堇青石基玻璃纤维cordillas 粗毛呢cordington 科定通卷绒厚呢cordite 无烟硝化甘油火药cordless phone 无绳电话机cordless radio control sport car 无线遥控跑车cordless switch board 无塞绳交换机cordless telephone controller 无绳电话控制器cordless telephone with speakerphone 带扬声器的无绳电话机cordoba 科尔多瓦牌汽车cordometer 木材体积测量计cordon braid 绶章带cordon yarn 科登棉毛合股线cordon 饰带cordoncillas 科唐西拉斯低级平布cordonnet 粗丝线cordonnet yarn 精梳低捻粗支棉线cordova wool 科尔多瓦羊毛cordovan 科尔多瓦皮革cordrein 化纤夏服料cords 灯芯绒裤cordura 科尔迪尤拉高强力粘胶丝cordurette 科杜勒特棱纹呢corduroy and cotton knit creeper 粗条绒针织爬行衫裤corduroy bib-top overalls 条纹绒布胸围挂肩工装裤corduroy cap 灯芯绒帽corduroy casual suit 条纹绒布便服corduroy child's shoes with plastic sole 灯芯绒面注塑底童鞋corduroy colored skirt for ladies 什色灯芯绒女裙corduroy duster 粗条纹绒布外罩长衣corduroy effect chenille robe 条纹绒式线毯布长袍corduroy embroidered lady's shoes 灯芯绒绣花女鞋corduroy embroidered lady's slippers with pvc sole 人革底条绒面绣花女拖鞋corduroy gentlemen's slippers with pvc sole 人革底条绒面男拖鞋corduroy hat with stitched snap brim 粗条纹绒布锁边帽corduroy lady's high heel slippers with pvc sole 人革底条绒面高跟女拖鞋corduroy slippers 灯芯绒拖鞋corduroy sport coat 粗条纹绒布运动衫corduroy suit 条纹绒布成套服装corduroy suspender longies 条纹绒布挂肩长内裤corduroy type cotton chenille robe 条纹绒布棉织线毯长袍corduroy wrap-around coat 粗条纹绒布束腰外衫corduroy 灯芯绒corduroys 灯芯绒裤子cordyceps & panax pseudoginseng liquor 虫草田七酒cordyceps cicadae 蝉虫草cordyceps sinensis 冬虫夏草cordyceps 冬虫夏草core barrel 岩芯管core bit 取芯钻头core blowing machine 吹芯机core breaker 除芯机core buffer 磁芯缓冲器core catcher 岩心提断器core chip condenser 芯片电容器core cone bit 牙轮取心钻头core drill bit 岩芯钻头core drill for wood working 木工空心钻core drill machine 岩芯钻机core drill 岩芯钻机core drilling machine 岩芯钻机core drilling rig 取芯钻机core electrode 包心焊条core extruder 挤芯机core fibre 纱芯纤维core glass 芯玻璃core grinder 磨芯机core holding unit 岩心夹持器core jarring machine 泥芯落砂机core knock-out machine 出芯机core lifter 岩芯提取器core machine 型芯机core matrix memory 磁芯矩阵存储器core memory 磁心存储器core moulding machine 制型芯机core of pressure meter 压力表机芯core oven 烘芯炉core pin 中心销core plating varnish 铁芯用清漆core rod straightening machine 芯棒矫直机core sampler 岩芯取样器core sand binder 芯砂粘结剂core sand mixer 芯砂搅拌机core shooter 射芯机core spinning frame 包芯纺纱机core storage 磁芯存储器core tap 四方丝锥core testing pump 岩心试验泵core transformer 铁芯变压器core transistor register 磁芯晶体管寄存器core turning lathe 型芯车床core vibrator 振动出芯机core winding machine 卷芯机core yarn 芯纱core-cooled motor 铁芯冷却发动机core-making machine 制芯机core-ply textured yarn 包芯合股变形纱core-sheath compound fibre 皮芯型复合纤维core-skin fibre 皮芯纤维core-spun elastic yarn 包芯弹力纱core-spun sewing thread 包芯缝纫线core-spun stretch yarn 包芯弹力丝core-spun yarn 包芯纱core-type induction furnace 铁芯式感应炉core-type reactor 铁芯式电抗器core-type transformer 铁芯式变压器cored electrode 药芯焊条cored screw 空心螺丝cored solder wire 空心焊丝cored soldering rod 空心钎焊条cored-type induction furance 铁芯式感应炉coreless armature 空心衔铁coreless high-frequency induction furnace 无芯高频感应炉coreless valve 空心阀coreopsis yellow extract 菊花黄浸膏corer 岩芯提取器corf 柳条箩corfam 科芬corgard tablet 康加尔多片coriander oil 芫荽油coriander seed oil 芫荽子油coriander seed 芫荽子coriander 芫荽coridius 九香虫corium erinacei 刺猬皮corium stomachichum galli 鸡内金cork jacket 软木救生衣cork belt 软木救生带cork board 软木板cork borer 软木钻孔机cork boring machine 穿孔机cork brick 软木砖cork carpet 软木地毯cork carving 软木刻cork drill 木塞钻孔器cork hat 软木帽cork heel 软木跟cork hoop 救生圈cork pad 软木垫cork paper 软木纸cork patchwork 软木拼画cork picture card 软木画卡片cork picture 软木画cork powder 软木粉cork press 压软木塞器cork ring 软木圈cork rubber 软木橡皮cork rug 软木地毯cork sheet 软木纸cork stopper 软木塞cork tipped cigarette 水松嘴卷烟cork 软木塞corker 压塞机corkline winch 浮子纲绞车corkscrew cloth 螺旋斜纹呢corkscrew twill fabric 螺旋斜纹织物corkscrew warp weave 经面螺旋纹织物corkscrew weft weave 纬面螺旋纹织物corkscrew 开塞钻corkscrew-type towel 螺旋型毛巾corktree 黄柏corkwood cotton 软木树籽绒corkwood 软木corm 球茎corn binder 玉米割捆机corn broadcast sower 玉米粒散播器corn cake press 玉米饼压机corn canning equipment 玉米装罐机corn cleaner 玉米清洗机corn combine 玉米联合收割机corn crusher 玉米碾碎机corn dressing and screening machine 玉米脱皮过筛机corn drill 谷物条播机corn feed 玉米饲料corn fibre 玉米蛋白质纤维corn flake 玉米片corn flour 玉米面corn grinder 玉米粉碎机corn harvester 玉米收割机corn husk baby cradle 玉米皮娃娃摇篮corn husk basket 玉米皮提篮corn husk box 玉米皮盒corn husk door mat 玉米皮门垫corn husk floor mat 玉米皮地席corn husk laundry basket 玉米皮洗衣桶corn husk products 玉米皮制品corn husk round floor mat 玉米皮圆地席corn husk seat cushion 米皮座垫corn husk 玉米壳corn husking machine 谷物除壳机corn husking mill 玉米脱壳磨corn knife 鸡眼刀corn meal agar 玉米粉琼脂corn meal 玉米粉corn mill 玉米磨机corn oil 玉米油corn picker 玉米收割机corn plaster 鸡眼膏corn popper 爆米花机corn protein fibre 玉米蛋白质纤维corn protein powder 玉米蛋白粉corn rasp 鸡眼锉corn remedy 除鸡眼药物corn ring for feet 脚用鸡眼环corn sheller 玉米脱粒机corn shredder 玉米碎茎机corn starch 玉米淀粉corn sugar 玉米葡萄糖corn 玉米cornana 柯能纳牌手表cornavin 柯拿文牌手表corned beef 咸牛肉corned mutton 咸羊肉cornel 山茱萸cornelian 红玉髓corner angle 边角钢corner bracket 角架corner cabinet 角柜corner chisel 角凿corner clamp 木工角夹corner crimping machine 弯角机corner drill 角钻corner finishing tile 镶角装饰瓷砖corner rounding cutter 圆角铣刀corner shelf 墙角架corner slicker 角刮刀corner table 角桌corner trowel 敞角泥刀cornering machine 书籍切角机cornet 短号cornet-a'-pistons 短号cornhusker 剥玉米皮机corniche 盘山牌汽车corning glass 麻粒玻璃cornox cwk 草除灵cornox 2甲4氯除草剂cornu cervi panto trichum 鹿茸cornu cervi 鹿角霜cornu rhinoceri asiatici 犀角cornu saigae tatariace powder 羚羊粉cornus officinalis sieb et zucc 山芋肉cornus 萸肉corodane 氯丹杀虫剂corojo fibre 棕榈树韧皮纤维corolla 花冠牌汽车coromandel 科罗曼代尔粗平纹棉布coromate 福美铁杀菌剂coromerc 苯汞乙二胺杀菌剂corona detector 电晕探测器corona discharge laser 电晕放电激光器corona mark 光冠-马克牌汽车corona pulse analyzer 电晕脉冲分析器corona tester 电晕测试仪corona voltmeter 电晕伏特计corona 光冠牌汽车corona 科罗纳绉corona-crepe corona 科罗纳绉corona-tube regulator 电晕管调节器coronagraph 日冕仪coronary heart disease pill 环心丹coronation cloth 加冕呢coronavisor 日冕仪corosol fibre 科罗索尔树纤维corothion 一六0五corotte 克罗特印花粗棉布corovin 科罗温纺粘型聚丙烯长丝非织造织物coroxon 香豆磷corozate 福美锌杀菌剂corporate clothing 工作服corpus luteum 黄体素液correcting device 校正装置correcting equipment 校正设备correction fluid 改正液correction liquid 修正液correction transformer 补偿变压器corrective repeater 校正帮电机corrective 矫味药corrector 校正器correlated flowmeter 相关流量计correlation control unit 相关控制器correlation direction finder 相关测向器correlator 相关器correlometer 相关计correspondence paper 信纸corridor car 有走廊的客车corridor rug 走廊地毯corrientes 科连特斯羊毛corronel 科罗内尔镍钼铁耐酸合金corronium 科罗纽姆铜合金corrosion fatigue testing machine 腐蚀疲劳试验机corrosion inhibitor for acid-cleaning 酸洗耐蚀剂corrosion inhibitor 耐蚀剂corrosion probe 腐蚀探针corrosion remover 除锈剂corrosion resistant alloy 耐蚀合金corrosion resistant aluminium 耐蚀铝corrosion resisting centrifugal pump 耐腐蚀离心泵corrosion testing apparatus 腐蚀试验器corrosion-proof cable 防蚀电缆corrosion-proof paint for brass 黄铜防锈涂料corrosion-proof valve 防腐蚀阀corrosion-resistant brass 耐蚀黄铜corrosion-resistant cast iron 耐蚀铸铁corrosion-resistant oil 防锈蚀油corrosion-resistant plate 耐蚀钢板corrosion-resistant pump 耐腐蚀泵corrosion-resistant steel 耐蚀钢corrosion-resisting pump 耐腐蚀泵corrosive atmosphere tester 腐蚀大气测试器corrosive liquor pump 腐蚀性液体泵corrosive sublimate 升汞corrosometer 测蚀计corrugate aluminium plate 铝波纹板corrugate pipe 波纹管corrugated absestos sheet 瓦楞石棉瓦corrugated aluminium sheath 皱纹铝护套corrugated aluminium sheet 瓦楞铝片corrugated baffle 波纹挡板corrugated bar 竹节钢筋corrugated black sheet 瓦楞黑铁皮corrugated board carton 瓦楞纸板箱corrugated board 瓦楞纸板corrugated bulb 皱纹灯泡corrugated cardboard 瓦楞纸板corrugated carton 瓦楞纸板箱corrugated case making machine 瓦楞纸箱机corrugated case 瓦楞纸箱corrugated copper tape 皱纹铜带corrugated diaphragm 皱纹膜片corrugated fiber board 波纹纤维板corrugated fibreboard case 瓦楞纤维板箱corrugated fin 波状散热片corrugated galvanized iron 镀锌波形铁corrugated gauze 波纹金属网corrugated glass 瓦楞玻璃corrugated iron bar 竹节铁条corrugated iron sheet 瓦楞铁皮corrugated iron 波形铁corrugated metal gasket 波纹金属垫片corrugated metal joint ring 波纹金属接合填密环corrugated metallic screen mesh 波状金属筛网corrugated mild steel 竹节钢corrugated nail machine 制瓦楞钉机corrugated paper board production line 瓦楞纸板生产线corrugated paper box 瓦楞纸盒corrugated paper production line 瓦楞纸生产线corrugated paper 瓦楞纸corrugated plate 波纹板corrugated roll washing machine 槽纹辊洗涤机corrugated roll 瓦楞纸卷corrugated round iron bar 圆竹节铁条corrugated round steel bar 圆竹节钢条corrugated rubber sheet 瓦楞橡胶板corrugated secondary scrubber 波形板二次洗涤器corrugated sheet iron 波纹铁皮corrugated sheet steel 瓦楞薄钢板corrugated sheet 瓦楞板corrugated square iron bar 方竹节铁条corrugated square steel bar 方竹节钢条corrugated steel bar 波纹钢筋corrugated steel plate 瓦楞钢板corrugated steel sheet 瓦楞薄钢板corrugated steel tube 波纹钢管corrugated steel 波纹钢corrugated tank 瓦楞桶corrugated tile 波纹瓦corrugated tube 波纹管corrugated wire glass 夹丝瓦楞玻璃corrugating board 瓦楞纸板corrugating machine 瓦楞板辊压机corrugating medium paper 瓦楞芯纸corrugating medium 瓦楞芯纸corrugating rolling mill 瓦楞板轧机corrugation machine 制波纹机corrugaton rolling mill 瓦楞轧机corrugator 波纹板轧机corsa 科萨牌汽车corsage 女胸前饰花corselet 妇女的胸衣corselette cloth 提花紧身织物corses 丝带corset batiste 细薄织物corset binding 胸衣肩带corset brocade 胸衣花缎corset busk 妇女紧身衣上衬骨corset cloth 紧身衣料corset crepe 胸衣绉corset fabric 胸衣织物corset jean 斜纹胸衣布corset lace 胸衣花边corset trimming 胸衣饰带corset 妇女紧身胸衣corset-cover 在胸衣外面穿的背心corsicaine 科西坎印经绸corsican wool 科西嘉羊毛corso skirt 鞍形裙corson alloy 科森铜镍硅合金cortega 科特加纤维cortex acanthopanacis radicis 五加皮cortex albiziae 合欢皮cortex cinnamomi 桂皮cortex dictamni radicis 白鲜皮cortex dictamni 白鲜皮cortex eucommiae glutinous rice wine 杜仲糯米酒cortex eucommiae 杜仲cortex fraxini 秦皮cortex gardeniae 栀子衣cortex lycii radicis 地骨皮cortex magnoliae officinalis 厚朴cortex mori radicis 桑白皮cortex moutan radicis 牡丹皮cortex moutan 丹皮cortex periplocae 五加皮cortex phellodendri 黄柏cortex salicis 柳皮cortex trichosanthis 瓜萎皮cortex ulmi 香榆corteza del damajuhato fibre 达马朱哈托韧皮纤维cortical fibre 韧皮纤维cortical stimulator 大脑皮层刺激器corticotrophin zinc hydroxide 锌促皮质素corticotrophin 促皮质素cortina 科蒂纳牌汽车cortisone acetate 醋酸可的松cortisone oculentum 可的松眼膏cortisone 可的松cortivazol 可的伐唑cortodoxone 可托多松coruba royal 皇家高鲁巴郎姆酒corundum brick 刚玉砖corundum cloth 刚玉砂布corundum crucible 刚玉坩锅corundum cutting tool 硬质合金刀具corundum products 刚玉制品corundum wheel 刚玉砂轮corundum 金刚砂corunna stripes 科伦纳棉条子细布corval 科弗尔交联粘胶纤维corvette 克尔维特牌汽车corydalis tuber 延胡索corydalis 夏天无corypalis tablet 夏天无片cosan 硫黄粉cosban 二甲威cosecant-squared antenna 余割平方天线cosecant-squared dish 余割平方反射器cosina 确善能牌照相机cosine capacitor 余弦电容器cosine condenser 余弦电容器cosine equalizer 余弦均衡器cosmetic bag 化妆袋cosmetic brush 化妆笔cosmetic container 化妆盒cosmetic cream 化妆雪花膏cosmetic dye 化妆染料cosmetic gauze 化妆面纱cosmetic mirror 化妆镜cosmetic perfume 化妆香料cosmetic preparation for slimming purposes 减肥用化妆品cosmetic steamer 蒸汽美容器cosmetic tool 美容工具cosmetics for animals 动物用化妆品cosmetics 化妆品cosmic dust detector 宇宙尘埃检测器cosmic electron detector 宇宙电子探测器cosmic noise absorption meter 宇宙噪声吸收计cosmic radio noise recorder 宇宙无线电噪声记录仪cosmic symbol 宇宙号牌照相机cosmic thermometer 宇宙温度计cosmic-ray charge composition detector 宇宙射线电荷组成探测器cosmic-ray counter 宇宙射线计数器cosmic-ray detector 宇宙射线探测器cosmic-ray intensity recorder 宇宙射线强度记录仪cosmic-ray magnetic spectrometer 宇宙射线磁谱仪cosmic-ray meter 宇宙射线测量仪cosmic-ray muon spectrometer 宇宙射线μ介子能谱仪cosmic-ray neutron and muon monitor 宇宙射线中子与μ介子监测仪cosmic-ray neutron monitor 宇宙射线中子监测仪cosmic-ray recorder 宇宙射线记录器cosmic-ray snow gauge 宇宙射线雪量计cosmic-ray spectrograph 宇宙射线摄谱仪cosmic-ray spectrometer 宇宙线谱仪cosmic-ray telescope 宇宙射线望远镜cosmic-ray transition radiation detector 宇宙射线跃迁辐射探测器cosmorex 考斯磨雷克斯牌照相机cosmosphere 宇宙仪cosmotron 同步稳相加速器cospun heather yarn 共纺混色纱cossack style jacket 哥萨克式茄克衫cossack style suede jacket 哥萨克式仿麂皮茄克衫cossack vodka 哥萨克伏特加酒cossack 哥萨克服装cossar 东南亚粗印花布cossas 细平布cost crude 成本油costectome 肋骨切除器costive 不透气织物costume cambric 杂色低档轧光平布costume jacket 短外衣costume jewellery 服装饰物costume skirt 直身裙costume tweed 粗花呢costume velvet 阔幅高级棉绒costume 服装costumer 柱式衣架costus resinoid 木香浸膏costus root oil 木香根油costus root 广木香cot mattress 榻床垫cot pad 榻床褥cot 轻便床c ote anglaise faconnée 素色法国哔叽cote d'or 金坡地葡萄酒cote de cheval 骑装布cote menue 细棱纹哔叽cote piqué 棱纹哔叽cote satinee 单色法国哔叽cote syrienne 西廉恩单色法国哔叽cotelaine 漂白棱纹细布cotele 罗缎coteline 细棱条细平布cotextured yarn 双根变形纱cotha more 爱尔兰粗呢大衣料cotillion 黑白条粗纺毛料cotillon 彩色条纹呢裙料cotnion ethyl 乙基谷硫磷cotnion ethyl-methyl 混谷硫磷cotnion methyl 谷硫磷cotofor 杀草净cotolan chrome dye 科托兰铬媒染料cotolan dye 科托兰染料cotonine 厚帆布cotonis 丝经棉纬花式布cotoran 伏草隆cotron loom 科特伦无梭织机cotta 束腰外衣cotted wool 毡片毛cotter bolt 带销螺栓cotter key 扁销键cotter mill cutter 键槽铣刀cotter pin 扁销cotter 栓钉cottestren dye 科特斯特伦染料cotton frame 棉纺机cotton and artificial silk mixture 棉纱人造丝混合织物cotton and dressing pliers 牙用敷料镊cotton and linen hand-embroidered tablecloth 棉麻布绣花台布cotton and linen printed tablecloth 棉麻印花台布cotton and linen printed tea towel 棉麻印花茶巾cotton and linen printed traycloth 棉麻印花盘布cotton and ramie thread woven mosquito netting cloth 线麻蚊帐布cotton and rayon gimp 棉纱人造丝镶边带cotton and wool mixture 棉毛混纺织物cotton applique laundry bag 棉布补花洗衣袋cotton applique shoe bag 棉布补花鞋袋cotton back satin 棉背缎cotton bag sheeting 棉袋布cotton bagging 棉包麻布cotton baling press 皮棉打包机cotton ball fringe 棉绒球流苏cotton ball 棉球cotton bath towel 棉浴巾cotton batting 棉絮cotton beaver 充海狸棉绒布cotton bed sheet 棉布床单cotton bedspread 棉布床罩cotton bird 棉鸟cotton blanket bed cover 棉毯床罩cotton blanket cloth robe 棉毯布长袍cotton blanket 棉毯cotton blanketing 绒毯布cotton bleached poplin working uniform 棉漂白府绸工作服cotton bleached poplin working uniforms for men and women 棉漂白府绸男女工作服cotton blended fabrics 混纺棉织物cotton blended yarn 混纺棉纱cotton blender machine 混棉机cotton blouse 女棉罩衫cotton braided line 编结棉绳cotton braided rubber insulated flexible cord 纱包橡胶绝缘软线cotton breaker 棉包松包机cotton broadcloth bra 阔棉布乳罩cotton broadcloth dress 阔幅棉布外长衣cotton broadcloth pajamas 阔棉布睡衣裤cotton broadcloth shirt 阔幅棉布衬衫cotton broadcloth 阔幅棉布cotton brocade 棉锦缎cotton brush fringe 棉刷流苏cotton cake 棉籽饼cotton calico trousers 全棉细布长裤cotton cambric 细薄棉布cotton candle wick 棉烛芯线cotton canvas jeans 全棉帆布牛仔裤cotton canvas waistband 帆布裤带cotton canvas webbing with buckles and ends 帆布裤带坯连扣cotton canvas 棉帆布cotton cap 布帽cotton card 梳棉机cotton carding machine 梳棉机cotton carpet 棉地毯cotton cashmere 全棉充毛开士米织物cotton chain 棉经纱cotton challis gown 卓利斯花色轻纱长衫cotton chamois-colour cloth 仿麂皮棉布cotton check cord fabric 纬昌呢cotton checked flannelette shirt 棉格绒衬衫cotton checks 蓝白条格棉布cotton chenille rug 雪尼尔棉毯cotton chintz 擦光印花棉布cotton chopper 棉花间苗机cotton cleaning machine 清棉机cotton cloth mattress cover 棉布床垫套cotton cloth respirator 纱布口罩cotton cloth 棉布cotton clothesline 晾衣棉绳cotton cluny lace 棉线克鲁尼花边cotton coatray 小仓雪花布cotton colored drillskirt for ladies 全棉什色纱卡女裙cotton colorimeter 棉花测色仪cotton combing machine 梳棉机cotton comforter batt 棉被胎cotton comforter 棉被cotton cord for pyjamas 睡衣带cotton cord welting 镶边棉绳cotton cord 棉绳cotton corded handkerchief 棉纱凸条手帕cotton corduroy jackets for men and women 全棉灯芯绒男女茄克cotton covered wire 纱包线cotton covert 棉芝麻呢cotton crepe 绉布cotton crinkle crepe pajamas 绉布睡衣裤cotton crochet articles 棉线钩针品cotton crochet bag 线结袋cotton crochet bedspread 棉线钩针床罩cotton crochet blouse 棉线钩针女衣cotton crochet collar 棉线钩针领圈cotton crochet cushion 棉线钩针靠垫cotton crochet gloves 棉线钩针手套cotton crochet hairband 棉线钩针发带cotton crochet hat 棉线钩针帽cotton crochet lace 棉线钩针花边cotton crochet mat 棉线钩针垫布cotton crochet piano cover 棉线钩针钢琴罩cotton crochet pillowcase 棉线钩针枕套cotton crochet sewing machine cover 棉线钩针缝纫机套cotton crochet shawl 棉线钩针披肩cotton crochet sofa cover 棉线钩针沙发套cotton crochet tablecloth 棉线钩针台布cotton crochet window curtain 棉线钩针窗帘cotton curtain 棉窗帘cotton cushion 棉垫cotton dacron 棉大可纶cotton damask napkin 花缎面棉织餐巾cotton damask tablecloth 花缎面棉织台布cotton denim pants 棉坚固呢长裤cotton denim 棉质牛仔布cotton drawers 棉毛长内裤cotton dress 女棉服cotton dressing set 棉梳妆套cotton drill gloves 棉斜纹布手套cotton drill 棉斜纹布cotton drilling machine 棉花播种机cotton duck 棉粗布cotton elastic braid 松紧带cotton elastic webbing 棉松紧布cotton embroidered bed sheet 棉布绣花床单cotton embroidered handkerchief 棉布绣花手帕cotton embroidery thread 棉绣花线cotton eyelet blousette 通眼洋纱小上衣cotton fabric 棉织物cotton face cloth 棉方巾cotton face towel 毛巾cotton feeder 给棉机cotton feeding machine 给棉机cotton felt 多层棉毯cotton fiber content paper 含棉纤维纸cotton fiber strength tester 棉纤维强力试验机cotton fiber 棉纤维cotton fibre sorter 棉纤维分类仪cotton filet gloves 棉线网结手套cotton fishing net 纱鱼网cotton flannel gloves 棉绒布手套cotton flannel shirt 棉绒布衬衫cotton flannel toy 绒棉布玩具cotton flannel 棉法兰绒cotton flannelette bed sheet 拉绒床单cotton flannelette bed sheeting 拉绒床单布cotton flannelette pajamas 棉绒布睡衣裤cotton flannelette self-help belt sleeper 棉绒布束腰带睡衣cotton flannelette shorts 棉绒布短裤cotton flax 棉化亚麻纤维cotton fleece lined leather mitten 衬棉绒不分指皮手套cotton fleecy gloves 棉细绒手套cotton fleecy shirt for men 棉细绒男衬衫cotton fleecy shirt for teenagers 棉细绒童衫cotton fleecy sport sweater 棉细绒运动衫cotton floater 棉包橡皮包布和油包布cotton flock printed bed sheet 棉布植绒床单cotton flock printed pillowcase 棉布植绒枕套cotton flock printed tablecloth 棉布植绒台布cotton flock printed traycloth and doily 棉布植绒盘布cotton for hospital use 药棉cotton foulard 软薄棉布cotton gabardine creepers 棉轧别丁小孩连衫裤cotton gabardine 棉华达呢cotton garment 布衣cotton gauze bed curtain 纱布床帐cotton gauze sun hat 纱布遮阳帽cotton gauze 纱布cotton georgette 棉乔其纱cotton gin 皮棉轧棉机cotton gingham 棉方格花布cotton ginning machine 轧花机cotton glazed thread 棉蜡光缝纫线cotton gloves 棉纱手套cotton goods 棉纺织品cotton grey fabric 纯棉白坯布cotton gum 棉胶cotton hand embroidered tablecloth with hand knitted lace 棉布手绣镶针织花边台布cotton hand-embroidered bedsheet 棉布手绣床单cotton hand-embroidered tablecloth 棉布手绣台布cotton harvester 摘棉机cotton harvesting machine 摘棉机cotton hat 布帽cotton high boots 高统棉靴cotton hooked rug 长绒棉毯cotton hydrogenous measuring gage 棉花水份测量仪cotton indigo denim jacket 靛蓝棉坚固呢茄克衫cotton indigo denim men's suit 靛蓝棉坚固呢男套装cotton indigo denim working coat 靛蓝棉坚固呢工作服cotton indigo denin jeans 靛蓝棉坚固呢裤cotton insulated wire 纱包绝缘线cotton interlock briefs 棉毛三角裤cotton interlock gloves 棉毛布手套cotton interlock night suit 棉毛睡衣套cotton interlock printed shirt for children 棉毛印花童上衣cotton interlock pyjamas 棉毛睡衣衫裤cotton interlock singlet and trousers 棉毛衫裤cotton interlock singlet 棉毛汗衫cotton interlock sport singlet and trousers 棉毛运动衫裤cotton interlock sport trousers 棉毛运动裤cotton interlock trousers 棉毛裤cotton jersey gloves 汗布手套cotton jersey 全棉单面布cotton kerchief 全棉头巾cotton knit balbriggan gown 巴尔布里根棉纱针织长衫cotton knit cardigan shirt 棉纱针织开胸钮扣衬衫cotton knit creepers 棉纱针织婴孩连衫裤cotton knit petticoat 棉纱针织衬裙cotton knit ski-type pajamas 滑雪式针织棉纱睡衣裤cotton knit sleepers 针织棉纱小孩睡衣褥cotton knitted flannel gloves 针织绒手套cotton knitted gloves 全棉针织手套cotton knitting lace 棉织花边cotton knitting machine 棉织机cotton knitwear 棉针织品cotton lace bedsheet 棉线编纱床单cotton lace curtain material 棉线编纱窗帘巾cotton lace cushion cover 棉线编纱靠垫cotton lace pillowcase 棉线编纱枕袋cotton lace tablecloth 棉线编纱台布cotton lasting 厚实棉斜纹织物cotton linen 充亚麻布cotton lint 皮棉cotton linter 棉短绒cotton loom 非自动换梭棉织机cotton loop fringe 棉纱环结流苏cotton loosing machine 松棉机cotton machine 棉织机cotton manufactured goods 棉织品cotton maternity frock 孕妇棉布外长衣cotton mattress 棉絮垫cotton men's shoes with cotton sole 千层底男棉鞋cotton men's shoes with plastic sole 塑料底男棉鞋cotton men's sport shorts 棉男运动短裤cotton mercerized thread 棉丝光缝纫线cotton midlength shorts 棉布中短裤cotton mixing 混棉cotton molleton 棉莫列顿绒布cotton mop 棉拖把cotton muffler 棉纱围巾cotton muslin pillowcase 细洋纱枕套cotton net twine 纱网绳cotton noils 精梳落棉cotton oil 棉籽油cotton packing 棉填料cotton pad 棉褥cotton padded coat 棉大衣cotton padded shoes 棉鞋cotton paper oil filter 棉纸滤油器cotton paper 棉纸cotton paraffined rope 棉蜡绳cotton picker 摘棉机cotton picture 棉花画cotton piece goods 布匹cotton pillow 棉絮枕cotton pinwale corduroy jumper 条纹绒布无袖外长衣cotton piping cord 棉纱管绳cotton pique coat 灯芯布外衫cotton plisse 薄绉布cotton plush 棉织长毛绒cotton pongee 棉茧绸cotton poplin shirt 全棉细布衬衫cotton poplin ski pants lined with cotton kasha 衬棉绒里之棉毛绸滑雪裤cotton poplin snowsuit with mouton collar and knit wristlets 配羊皮领针织袖口的棉毛绸雪衫裤cotton poplin snowsuit 棉毛绸雪衫裤cotton poplin uniform 棉毛绸制服cotton poplin 棉府绸cotton poplinette 纯棉全纱府绸cotton powder 硝化棉cotton press 皮棉打包机cotton print 印花棉布cotton printed bed spread 棉布印花床罩cotton printed cushion cover 棉布印花座垫cotton printed pillowcase 棉布印花枕套cotton printed pyjamas 全棉印花布睡衣cotton printed shirt 全棉印花布衬衫cotton processing machine 棉花加工机cotton quilt 棉胎cotton quilted coat 棉衣cotton quilted overcoat 棉大衣cotton rag rug 碎布地毯cotton rag 棉擦布cotton ramie blended grey plain 麻棉混纺平纹坯布cotton rayon mixed bed blanket 线绨被面cotton ready made clothings 布服装cotton rep 棱纹棉布cotton rib machine 柯登式罗纹机cotton rickrack 荷叶边棉纱带cotton roller gin 皮辊轧花机cotton roller 辊花机cotton rope 棉绳cotton rose hibiscus leaf 芙蓉叶cotton rose hibiscus 木芙蓉cotton rubber shoes 布胶鞋cotton rug 棉质地毯cotton sack for flour 面粉袋cotton sack for mineral ore 矿石袋cotton sack for sugar 糖袋cotton sateen 棉缎cotton satin plain 素广绫cotton satin 棉缎cotton scarf 棉毛围巾cotton scarlet extra 双倍酸性花红cotton seaman cap 棉水兵帽cotton seersuker tablecloth 泡泡纱台布cotton serge 棉哔叽cotton sewing thread in ball 棉线球cotton sewing thread in hank 棉绞线cotton sewing thread on candle wick 烛芯线cotton sewing thread on card 纸版线cotton sewing thread on cone 宝塔线cotton sewing thread on cop 管纱线cotton sewing thread on cylinder 蜡筒线cotton sewing thread on plastic cone 塑料芯线cotton sewing thread on plastic cop 塑料芯线cotton sewing thread on spool 轴线cotton sheeting pillowcase 棉布枕套cotton sheeting skirt 全棉平布裙cotton shirt 棉布衬衫。
ASME焊接术语
ASME焊接术语---中英文对照2008年08月17日星期日 16:38电弧缝焊 arc seam weld 采用电弧焊方法焊成的缝形焊缝。
电弧点焊 arc spot weld 采用电弧焊方法焊成的点状焊缝。
弧伤 arc strike 由于疏忽大意，使电能在完成的焊缝（或母材）表面与焊条或磁探头（电流源）之间通过，从而发生电弧，造成在完成的焊缝（或母材）的外形轮廓上的任何烧伤。
螺柱弧焊 arc stud swelding 一种弧焊方法。
此法在金属螺柱（或类似零件）和另一工件之间引发电弧，直至被连接的表面受到适当加热，然后再以压力使两者接合起来。
在螺柱外围加一陶瓷护套，可以获得适当的部分保护。
焊剂或保护气体可用可不用。
电弧焊 arc welding 电弧焊是指某一焊接方法群，此焊接方法群是以单弧或多弧加热的办法来实现接合，填充金属可用可不用，外加压力亦可用可不用。
焊态 as-welded 焊缝金属、焊接接头和焊件，在焊接后未接受任何后续处理例如热处理、机械处理或化学处理之前的状态。
自动焊 automatic welding 采用施焊时间无需焊接操作工调节控制钮的机器进行的焊接。
这类焊机可以也可以不执行装卸工件的工作，参见机动焊。
背面清根 back gouging 从一个部分焊接的接头的另一面清除一些焊缝金属和母材，以保证从这一面作后续焊接时能完全焊透。
后焊法 backhand welding 焊炬或焊枪的指向与焊接方向相反的一种焊接技术。
衬垫 backing 为了支撑熔化的焊接金属在焊接接头的根部放置一材料。
背面气体 backing gas 采用氩、氦、氮或活性气体之类，从焊接接头根部的背面（与焊接侧相反的一面）排除氧气。
母材 base metal 被焊接的或被切割的金属。
熔合线 bond line, fusion line 见fusion line对接接头 butt joint 在近乎同一的平面内对装在一起的两元件之间的接头。
电磁式电压互感器铁芯饱和引起的铁磁谐振现象
电磁式电压互感器铁芯饱和引起的铁磁谐振现象发表时间：2012-12-21T15:34:45.170Z 来源：《建筑学研究前沿》2012年9月Under供稿作者：杨晔[导读] 显然，三次谐波谐振也使电压互感器两端出现较高的过电压。
杨晔（无锡市恒驰电力发展有限公司 214161）摘要：运行经验证明，在我国中性点绝缘、中性点经消弧线图接地以及中性点直接接地的3～220kV电网中，都曾发生过由于电磁式电压互感器铁芯饱和引起的铁磁谐振过电压。
例如，江苏某220kV变电所因中性点临时不接地曾引起互感器的谐振过电压；东北电网某154kV经消弧线图接地系统，曾因消弧线圈；临时脱离运行引起互感器的谐振过电压；其中以在中性点绝缘的配电网中出现的较为频繁，是造成事故最多的一种内部过电压，因为其他接地系统只有当它们变成中性点绝缘系统时才有可能发生这种过电压。
关键词：过电压；物理概念；铁磁谐振现象Electromagnetic voltage transformer core saturation caused by ferromagnetic resonance phenomenon YangYe(wuxi constant chi electric power development co., LTD. 214161) Pick to: operating experience proved, in our country neutral insulation, neutral by petersen diagram ground and neutral directly grounded 3 ~ 220 kv power grid, have happened because of electromagnetic voltage transformer core saturation caused by ferromagnetic resonance overvoltage. For example, jiangsu a 220 kv substation for neutral temporary not earth once caused a transformer of resonance overvoltage; Northeast power grid a 154 kv via petersen diagram grounding system, once for arc suppression coil; Temporary from operation cause transformer of resonance overvoltage; Among them with the distribution network in neutral insulation appeared in more frequent, causing accidents is a kind of most internal overvoltage, because other grounding system only when they become neutral insulation system may not happen until the overvoltage. Keywords: overvoltage; Physical concepts; Ferromagnetic resonance phenomenon一、过电压产生的基本物理概念电磁式电压互感器引起的铁磁谐振过电压，从本质上讲，是由于电磁式电压互感器的非线性电感与系统的对地电容构成的铁磁谐振所引起的。
焊接专业英语词汇
air-acetylene welding空气-乙炔焊接aircomatic welding自动调弧氩弧焊, 惰性气体保护金属极弧焊aluminothermic welding铸焊, 铝热剂焊接argon arc welding氩弧焊argon shielded arc welding氩护电弧焊austenite welding不锈钢(焊条)焊接automatic slag-pool welding自动电渣焊automatic submerged arc welding自动埋弧焊braze welding硬焊, 铜焊, 钎焊butt welding对接焊, 对焊carbon arc welding碳弧焊carbon dioxide gas arc welding二氧化碳气体保护焊deep fillet welding深熔角焊downhand welding俯焊downward welding平焊, 俯焊electric butt welding welding电阻接触焊electrogas welding气电焊electrogas flux-cored welding气电管状焊条焊接electro-beam welding电子束焊接electrode [electrical arc] welding电弧焊electron-bombardment welding真空电子束焊electronic arc welding直流电弧焊electrons leaves welding电子束焊接electropercussive welding电冲击焊, 电接触焊, 电点焊electroslag welding电渣焊electrostatic percussion welding静电焊接eutectic welding低温焊exothermic welding铝热焊fine welding精密焊接fine wire welding细丝焊接fire cracker welding躺焊fixed-position welding定位焊接flare welding喇叭形坡口焊接flash butt welding闪光对接焊flat position welding(顶面)平卧焊flux-cored welding包芯焊条焊接forehand welding顺手焊接foreward welding左焊法fusion welding熔焊fusion pressure welding熔化压接fusion thermit welding熔化铅热焊gas-electric welding气电联合焊接gas metal arc welding气体保护金属极电弧焊, 熔化极气体保护焊gas shielded arc welding气体保护焊, 气体保护弧焊gas shielded magnetic flux arc welding 磁性焊剂气体保护焊gas torch welding气炬焊gas tungsten arc welding钨电极惰性气体保护焊girth welding环缝焊接gravity welding重力焊, 重力式电弧焊hammer welding锻接hard facing arc welding表面加硬电弧焊heated-tool welding热烙铁焊接helium shielded welding氦气保护焊接hidden arc welding潜弧焊, 埋弧焊high-frequency induction welding 高频感应焊接horizontal fillet welding水平角焊接horizontal-rolled-position welding滚动水平焊, 水平转动焊接hydrogen atomic welding原子氢焊接induction resistance welding感应电阻焊接indirect spot welding间接点焊inert gas shielded-arc welding惰性气体保护焊inert gas tungsten arc welding钨板惰性气体保护焊inertial welding惯性焊接jump welding丁字形焊keyhole mode plasma arc welding 小孔型等离子弧焊接lap welding搭焊; 搭头焊接lap fillet welding搭角焊light ga(u)ge welding薄板焊接line welding(电阻)缝焊liquid metal welding熔焊, 浇注补焊longitudinal seam welding纵缝焊接, 纵向滚焊(焊缝) magnetic discharge welding电磁焊magnetic-force welding磁力焊接法manual eletro-slag welding手工电渣焊mash stitch welding多针缝式焊接match assemble welding装架焊接metal barie welding埋渣焊microgap welding微隙间隙焊micro resistance welding显微电阻焊mitre welding斜接焊接multiple-electrode welding多焊条焊接multiple-impulse welding多脉冲焊multiple projection welding多点凸焊multiple resistance welding复式电阻焊multiple-wire multiple-power submerged-arc welding 多丝埋弧焊multi-run welding多道焊narrow gap one side welding窄间隙单面焊non-gas shielded arc welding无气体保护电弧焊non-vacuum electron beam welding大气压电子束焊接open arc welding明弧焊接open butt gas pressure welding开式加压气焊orbit welding环形轨道自动焊接overhead position welding仰焊overlap welding搭接焊overlaying welding堆焊, 补焊pad welding垫块焊接parallel gap welding平行间隙焊接, 平行间隙熔焊penetration fusion welding深熔焊接percussion arc pile-up welding振动电弧堆焊percussive welding锻接pile-up welding堆焊pinpoint welding点焊plasma-MIG welding等离子熔化极气体保护焊plate electrode slag pool welding 板极电渣焊pressure thermit welding加压铝热焊接progressive induction seam welding 连续感应滚焊puddle welding熔焊pulsation welding脉冲接触焊pulsed laser welding脉冲激光焊接push welding手压点焊(接)quasi-arc welding潜弧自动焊radio-frequency welding射频焊接, 高频焊接resistance butt-seam welding电阻对缝焊接resistance electro-slag welding接触[电阻]电渣焊resistance-flash welding电阻闪光焊接resistance seam welding电阻缝焊resistance spot welding接触点焊resistance stud welding电阻栓焊resurfacing welding堆焊ring welding滚焊rotating arc welding旋转电弧焊sandwich welding夹紧冷焊scarf welding两端搭接焊, 嵌焊, 斜面焊接self-adjusting [self-regulating] arc welding 自动调节电弧焊series welding单边多电极焊接, 串焊, 系列焊接series projection welding单边多极凸焊series seam welding单边双电极焊缝, 单边多极滚焊series-spot welding单面点焊shape welding异形焊shield-arc welding封闭电弧焊, 保护式电弧焊, 气体保护焊shielded carbon arc welding碳弧保护焊, 气体保护碳极电弧焊Sigma welding惰性气体保护金属极弧焊, 西格马焊接single-impulse welding单脉冲焊接single-pass [run] welding单道焊skip block welding分段多层跳焊skys welding间隔焊接slag pile-up welding电渣堆焊slant angle type welding低角度式焊接slanting butt seam welding斜对接缝焊solid-phase (pressure) welding固相压焊solid-state welding固态焊special build-up welding特殊堆焊spin welding旋转熔接spring type welding弹力式焊接stack welding多层接触点焊staggered welding错列焊staggered-intermittent fillet welding错综式间断角焊step-by-step welding跨步焊stitch welding叠焊(法); 跳焊; 针脚点焊(法) stitch-and-seam welding点线焊, 断续焊缝straight bead welding直线焊接stud welding螺柱焊接submerged arc welding潜弧焊submerged slag pool welding 埋弧电渣焊接symmetry welding对称焊接tack welding平头焊接, 点焊tee spot welding丁字点焊thermal compression welding 热压焊接three o'clock welding横向自动焊three-phase arc welding三相电弧焊接tie welding搭接焊torch welding吹管焊接torch braze welding焊矩钎焊track welding轨道焊接ultrasonic spot welding超声波点焊underside welding仰焊, 顶焊union melt welding埋弧自动焊upset butt welding电阻对接焊vacuum diffusion welding真空扩散焊(接)vertical position welding立焊water gas welding水煤气焊接water vapor arc welding水蒸汽保护焊接weaving welding摆动焊Westing-arc welding惰性气体保护金属板弧焊, 西屋电弧焊wire welding焊网。
机电系专业英语词典
1.机电一体化专业A安装，组装assemble按钮buttonB半导体元件semiconductor element 白炽灯泡incandescent bulb保险丝、熔断器fuse保险盒fuse holder避雷器arrester变压器transformerC插针/插头pin (plug)柴油发电机diesel generator超声传感器 ultrasonic sensor超高压extra-high voltage触电electric failure传导conduct传送带，输送机conveyor传感器sensor串联series磁铁magnetD导体，导线conductor.电的electric电火化electric spark电的、电气的electrical电机electrical machine供电electrical service电工electrician电极electrode电子的、电子学的electronic静电的electrostatic电工学、电工技术electrotechnics电池battery.电路circuit电路断路器circuit breaker电路图circuit diagram电动机electromotor电机 motor电感inductance电感器，感应器inductor电感镇流器inductive / magnetic ballast 电流，水流current电流互感器current transformer电流表ammeter .电线electric wire / power cored电子镇流器electronic Ballasts电刷，刷子brush电缆cable电容capacitance电容器capacitor端子台terminal短路short circuitF发电机generator发光二极管fluorescent light /lamp 放大器，扩音器amplifierG感应器sensor隔板baffle汞灯mercury Lamps锅炉boilerH恒定的constant缓冲器buffer活扳手adjustable wrenchJ机器,机械machine机械的、力学的mechanical机械、力学mechanism机械零件 mechanical parts机电一体化 mechanotronics / mechanical-electrical integration 集成电路 integrate circuit交流电alternating current交流电路AC circuit绝缘insulation节能灯energy saving lamp接地、触地、碰地contact to earth接触器、触头contactorK开关switch控制盘control panel控制器controllerL冷凝、使凝结condensate冷却器、冷冻器congealer离心风机centrifugal fan连接connect联接器、接线盒connector螺栓、拧螺丝boltM模拟analog模拟量输入analog input模拟量输出analog output模拟信号analog signal模数转换analog-to-digitalP排气扇air exhaust fanQ启辉器starter气体放电灯gas discharge lamp 汽缸cylinder起重机craneR熔断的blownS三相交流电 three-phase AC适配器adapterT调光器dimmer调整螺钉adjusting screw调节阀control valve调制解调器modem跳闸线路breaker coil铁心、核心、磁心coreW万用表avometer五金配件hardware fitting雾化atomizingX线圈coil .Y压缩compress压缩机compressor荧光灯fluorescent light /lamp Z整流器commutator直流电源 DC electrical source 自耦变压器autoformer自动automatic自动调压器automatic voltage regulator 轴承bearing制动器，闸brake转换convert .2. 电子专业B闭路电视close-circuit television并联电容器shunt capacitor变压器transformerC彩色监视器colour monitorD低压low voltage低频low frequency低频响应low frequency response低频振荡器low frequency oscillator电动机motor电感inductance电流current电流放大器current amplifier电压voltage电压等级voltage grade电阻resistor电抗reactance电导conductance电纳susceptance电容器capacitor电抗器reactor电力系统power system电厂power plant电子束electron beam电子数据交换electronic data exchange电子现场节目制作electronic field production 电子信息系统electronic information system定子stator断路器breakerF发电厂power plant发电机generator分线盒、分组终端block terminalG高压high voltage高级音频编码advanced audio coding高级通信业务advanced communication service 高清晰度high definition高密度调制high density modulation高清晰度电视high definition television高清晰度视频系统high definition video system 高频high frequency高保真high-fidelity功率：powerH缓冲放大器buffer amplifierJ基本输入输出系统basic input／output system 基准脉冲发生器basic pulse generator激光唱片compact disc集成电路integrated circuit接线盒junction box接入条件access conditions接入控制系统access control systemL励磁excitation励磁器excitorM模拟analog模-数转换analog to digital模拟输出analog output母线bus barP平衡电流balanced currentQ区域通信系统area communication systemR人工智能artificial intelligenceS输电线transmission line输电系统power transmission system输入/输出控制系统input-output control system 数据脉冲data pulse数字卫星广播digital satellite broadcasting数字演播室控制digital studio control数字环绕声surround digital数字特技digital special effect数字信号处理digital signal processing数字声音处理器digital sound processor数字卫星系统digital satellite system数字技术digital technique数字电视digital television数据终端data terminal数据传输data transmission数字地面广播digital terrestrial broadcasting数字时基校正器digital time-base corrector数字电视摄像机digital television camera数字影院系统digital theater system数字调谐系统digital tuning system数字电视标准digital television standard数字视频广播digital video broadcasting数字视频压缩digital video compression数字视频特技digital video effect数字磁带录像机digital video tape recorder三双绕组变压器：double-column transformer DblClmnTrans 双绕组变压器：three-column transformer ThrClnTransT天线antenna调幅amplitude modulation条件接收conditional access条件接收控制conditional access control条件接收系统conditional access system同轴电缆concentric cable通用接口common interfaceY音频中心audio center音频分配系统audio distribution system音频（声音擦除）audio erasing音频audio frequency音频放大器audio frequency amplifier音频编码器automatic frequency coder音频电平表audio-level meter有线电视，电缆电视cable televisionZ闸刀Isolator转子电流magnetizing current自动黑平衡automatic black balance自动低音补偿automatic bass compensation自动亮度控制automatic brightness control自动黑电平automatic black level自动亮度限制电路automatic brightness limiter circuit 自动中心控制automatic centering control自动色度automatic chroma control自动消色器automatic chroma killer自动消磁电路automatic degaussirng circuit自动频率控制automatic frequency control自动微调automatic fine tuning自动频率跟踪automatic frequency track自动额率微调automatic frequency trim自动增益控制automatic gain control自动音乐传感装置automatic music sensor自动噪声消除器automatic noise canceller自动节目搜索automatic program search自动节目暂停系统automatic program pause system 自动节目搜索系统automatic program search system 音频响应audio response自动遥控automatic remote control自动扫描跟踪automatic scanning tracking自动定时控制automatic timing control自动音频校正automatic tone correction自动寻迹automatic track finding自动测试系统automatic test system自动音量控制automatic volume control自动稳压器automatic voltage regulator自动白平衡automatic white balance自动变焦控制automatic zooming control 自动调零automatic zero setting3.电气专业B办公自动化office automation避雷器lightning arrester变频器inverter变压器transformer变电站substation波导wave guideC传感器sensor传输线transmission line触发电极trigger electrode充油电力电缆 o il-filled power cable充电(阻尼)电阻charging(damping) resistor 磁场magnetic fieldD导体conductor单片机single chip microprocessor地下电缆underground cable电力电子power electronics电路原理principles of electric circuits 电场electric field电容capacitance电动机驱动motoring电压控制系统voltage control system 电压互感器potential transformer电路元件circuit components电路参数circuit parameters电气设备electrical device电能electric energy电力变压器power transformer电力系统power system电力网络power network电能转换器energy converter电压互感器potential transformer电流表ammeter电流互感器current transformer电热器heating appliance电缆cable电弧放电arc discharge叠片铁芯laminated core定子stator定子绕组stator winding多相整流器polyphase rectifier短路试验short circuit testing断电deenergizeF发光二极管light emitting diode发电generating放电discharge分压器voltage divider风动发电机wind-driven generatorG感应电动机induction motor感应式电机induction machine感生电流induced current高电压工程highvoltage engineering隔离开关disconnector工控机industrial personal computer工厂自动化factory automation管理信息系统management information system光纤optical fiberH核电站nuclear power station互感mutual-inductor火力发电站thermal power station混合分压器mixed dividerI漏磁电抗leakage reactanceJ记录仪recorder集散控制系统distributed control system架空线overhead line监控及数据采集系统supervisory control and data acqusition 检修overhauling交流电alternating current交流输电系统AC transmission system绝缘insulation绝缘子insulator接地线earth(ground) wire接地开关earthing switch解调器demodulator晶体管transistor静电电压表electrostatic voltmeterK可编程序控制器programmable logic controller可编程计算机控制器programmable computer controller 客户/服务器client/serverL励磁系统excitation system励磁电流field current流量计flowmeterM马蹄形磁铁horseshoe magnet模糊控制fuzzy control母线bus barO耦合电容coupling capacitorQ汽轮机steam turbine汽轮发电机turbogeneratorR绕组winding人工智能artificial intelligent软起动器soft starterS上位机supervisory computer设备网device net示波器oscilloscope水轮发电机hydrogenerator水轮机hydraulic turbine水力发电站hydro power stationT调制器modulator调谐器tuner调节器regulator调谐电路tuned circuit同步发电机synchronous generatorW网络network稳定变压器stabilizing transformer涡流eddy currentX现场总线控制系统fieldbus control system 线圈绕组coil winding限波器line trap旋转磁场rotating magnetic field蓄电池storage batteryY阳极（阴极）anode (cathode)以太网ether net异步电机asynchronous machine原生电池primary cell远仪表instrument程测控终端remote terminal unit杂散电容stray capacitanceZ杂散电感stray inductance直流电direct-current直流电动机dc motor直流发电机dc generator智能传感器smart sensor智能变送器smart transducer智能终端intelligent terminal整流器rectifier主站/从站master station/slave station转子rotor转子电阻rotor resistance自动电压调整器automatic voltage regulator自感self-inductor组态configuration4．数控专业B扳手wrenches刨床planing machines变速箱 gearbox变速器speed changer变形力deforming force变形deformationC插齿gear shaping车间 workshop车刀 lathe tool车床 lathe车削 turning齿轮 gear齿轮加工gear machining齿轮齿条 pinion and rack齿轮切削机gear cutting machines 冲压机stamping parts冲子研磨器punch formers传动 drive/transmission传动链transmitted chains磁路 magnetic circlesD带传动belt drive带锯saws,band带锯床sawing machines,band断裂 fracture挡板orifice plate刀片blades刀具 cutter刀尖 nose of tool电火花线切割加工 electrical discharge wire - cutting电脑数控镗床CNC boring machines电脑数控弯折机CNC bending presses电脑数控铣床CNC milling machines电脑数控线切削机CNC wire-cutting machines电脑数控磨床CNC grinding machines电脑数控车床CNC lathes电脑数控电火花线切削机CNC EDM wire-cutting machines 电脑数控电火花机CNC electric discharge machines电脑数控雕刻机CNC engraving machines电脑数控机床配件CNC machine tool fittings 电脑数控剪切机CNC shearing machines电脑数控钻床CNC drilling machines电动刀具electric power tools电火花机electric discharge machines雕刻机engraving machines定位 allocation锻 forge锻铝forging,aluminium锻压机presses,forging锻模forging dies多轴钻床drilling machines,multi-spindleF阀门 valve发生器generatorG高速车床lathes,high-speed高速钻床drilling machines,high-speed弓锯saws,hack滚动轴承 rolling bearing滚齿 hobbing功率 power工件 workpieceH焊 weld虎钳vises滑动轴承 sliding bearingJ机械加工余量 machining allowance机床 machine tool机床夹具 jig激光切割laser cutting激光雕刻机engraving machines,laser激光钢板切割机laser cutting for SMT stensil 集合管manifolds加工 machining夹盘chucks夹具fixture夹具/支持系统clamping/holding systems剪切 shear绞孔 fraising绞刀 reamer截面 section金属板成型机sheet metal forming machines 金属板加工机sheet metal working machines 金属切削 metal cutting金属工艺学 technology of metals锯片blades,saw锯床sawing machinesK卡口bayonet卡盘 chuck开关及按钮switches & buttons孔加工 spot facing machiningL冷却机coolers冷锻forging,cold冷锻冲压机presses,cold forging冷加工 cold machining离合器 clutch拉伸pulling拉床broaching machine拉孔broaching离心压力机presses eccentric立式铣床milling machines,vertical立式油压拉床vertical hydraulic broaching machine立式刨床planing machines vertical立式车床lathes,vertical立式带锯saws,vertical band立式加工中心machining centers,vertical立式及卧式铣床milling machines,vertical & horizontal立式钻床drilling machines,vertical联轴器 coupling联结 link链 chain链传动chain drive连续冲模dies-progressive六角立式铣床milling machines,turret vertical六角车床lathes,turret螺栓,螺帽及螺丝bolts,screws & nuts螺纹磨床grinders,thread螺纹 thread螺旋 helix螺纹加工 thread processing螺钉 screw铝轮冒口切断机overflow cutting machines for aluminium wheels M摩擦 friction磨床 grinder磨损 wearN耐用度 durability内力 internal force扭力 torsion扭转 twistQ气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure气油压虎钳pneumatic hydraulic clamps 气动冲床presses,pneumatic气动工具pneumatic power tools钳工 locksmith铣头milling heads铣床milling machines铣削mill铣刀 milling cutter前刀面 rake face强度 intensity切断机cutting-off machines切削深度cutting depth切线 tangent曲柄crank曲柄压力机presses,crankR热处理 heat treatment热加工 hotwork润滑系统lubrication systems润滑液lubricants熔热处理炉heating treatment funacesS砂轮修整器wheel dressers三爪、分割工具头3-Jaws indexing spacers 舍弃式刀头disposable toolholder bits渗碳carburization蚀刻机etching machines输送链conveying chainsT弹簧 spring弹性 elasticity镗床 boring machine退火 anneal脱碳 decarburizationV弯曲机bending machines弯管机tube bending machinesW万能铣床milling machines,universal万能磨床grinding machines,universal弯曲机bending machines弯管机tube bending machines弯曲应力 bending stress卧式铣床milling machines,horizontal卧式带锯saws,horizontal band卧式加工中心machining centers,horizontal卧式及立式加工中心machining centers,horizontal & vertical 误差error无心磨床grinding machines,centerless无心精研机lapping machines,centerlessX销 pin修整机finishing machinesY压模pressing dies压铸冲模die casting dies压铸机die casting machines摇杆 racker异步电动机asynchronous motor压缩 hitting液压 hydraulic pressure液压泵hydraulic pump液压元件hydraulic components液压冲床presses,hydraulic液压动力元件hydraulic power units 液压工具hydraulic power tools液压回转缸hydraulic rotary cylinders 应力stress硬度 rigidityZ钻石刀具diamond cutters钻头drills钻模jigs钻床drilling machines钻床工作台drilling machines bench 钻削镗削 bore造链机chain making tools造线机cable making tools造钉机nail making machines正火 normalizing制动器 arrester brake主轴spindle主轴箱 headstock铸造found铸铝casting,aluminium铸铜casting,copper铸造设备foundry equipment铸钢casting,steel铸灰口铁casting,gray iron转台rotary tables转向器 redirector轴 shaft轴承bearings轴承配件bearing fittings轴自动压力机presses,transfer自动车床lathes,automatic承加工机bearing processing equipment 钻床 drill machine装配 assembling5.模具专业B波子弹弓ball catchC插头connector plug撑头support pillar插座connector socketD大水口edge gate导边leader pin/guide pin导套bushing/guide bushing 挡板stop plate定位圈locating ring顶针板ejector retainner plate 顶板eracuretun弹弓柱spring rodE二板模2-plate moldF发热管cartridge heater分流锥spure sperader复位键、提前回杆early return barG隔片buffle管钉dowel pinH活动臂lever arm喉塞line lpug喉管tube换模系统mold changing systemsJ激光切割laser cutting激光雕刻机engraving machines,laser激光钢板切割机laser cutting for SMT stensil 集合管manifolds唧嘴sprue bushing夹盘chucks夹具fixture剪切机shearing machines矫直机straightening machines金属板成型机sheet metal forming machines 金属板加工机sheet metal working machines锯片blades,saw锯床sawing machines卷边工具crimping toolsK卡口bayonet开模槽ply bar scot扣机（尼龙拉勾）nylon latch lockL垃圾钉stop pin流道平衡runner balance螺丝screwM毛坯 rough模芯mold core模具mold模具维修mold repair模具打磨/磨纹mold polishing/texturing 模具单元mold & die components 模具加热器/冷却器mold heaters/chillers 模胚（架）mold base磨轮grinding wheels磨削工具grinding tools磨床grinding machines磨床工作台grinder bench密封/封料sealN耐磨板/油板wedge wear plate内圆磨削 internal grindingP平面磨削 plane grindingQ气阀valvesR热流道hot runner,hot manifold 热嘴冷流道hot sprue/cold runner S三板模3-plate mold上内模cavity insert水口形式gate type水口大小gate size水口司bush司筒ejector sleeve司筒针ejector pin锁扣latch锁模块lock plate塑胶管plastic tube数模 digital analogyT探针thermocouples推板stripper plate托板support plateW外圆磨削external grindingX下内模core insert镶件insert斜导边angle pin斜顶lifterY压条plateZ中托司shoulder guide bushing 中托边guide pin注油机lubricators自动压力机presses,transfer自动车床lathes,automatic钻石刀具diamond cutters钻头drills钻模jigs钻床drilling machines钻床工作台drilling machines bench转台rotary tables6.制冷专业B冰箱用温度控制器thermostat for refrigeratorC程序指令式能量调节系统capacity regulation system of program order D单向阀check valve导阀pilot valve低压控制器low pressure controller低压浮球阀low pressure float valve单机能量调节capacity regulation of single unit电磁阀solenoid valve电动吸气阀electro inlet valveF分解decomposition浮球调节阀float regulation valve浮球阀float valveG高压控制器high pressure controller高压浮球阀high pressure float valve隔膜阀diaphragm valve工业制冷装置industrial refrigerating plant过热温度调节superheat temperature regulation H恒压膨胀阀constant pressure expansion valve J减压阀pressure-reducing valve截止阀shut-off valve节流阀throttle valve交*充注cross chargeK库温调节storage room tempurature regulation L冷凝压力调节器condensing pressure regulator 冷藏链cold chain冷藏refrigerated prvservation能量增强剂energy booster流量调节flow regualation流体流动指示器liquid indicator浓溶液rich solution,concentrated solutionN内平衡热力膨胀阀internal equalizer thermostaice expansion valve 内平衡管internal equalizer pipe能量调节capacity regulatorP旁通型能量调节器bypass capacity regulator膨胀阀expansion valve膨胀阀过热度superheat degree of expansion valve膨胀阀容量expansion valve capacityQ气体充注gas chargeR热力膨胀阀thermostatic expansion valve热源调节法energy source control method热电膨胀阀thermal electric expansion valve热平衡heat balance溶液流量调节solution flow regulation溶液solution溶解度solubility溶剂solvent溶质soluteS三通电磁阀three way magnetic valve三通调节阀three way control valve商业制冷装置commercial refrigerating plant释压装置pressure relief device湿度调节器humidity controller水量调节阀water regulation valve水解hydrolysis手动膨胀阀hand expansion valveT调节风门control damper同工质充注same material chargeW外平衡热力膨胀阀external equalizer thermostaice expansion valve 外平衡管external equalizer pipe温度式水量调节阀temperature-controlled water valveX吸收absorption吸附adsorption吸收剂absorbent,absorbing agent吸附剂adsorbent吸收式制冷absorption refrigeration吸附式制冷adsorption refrigeration吸附充注absorptive charge稀溶液weak solution,diluted solution限压装置pressure-limiting deviceY压力式水量调节阀pressure-controlled water valve压力控制器pressure controller压差控制器differential pressure controller易熔塞fusible plugZ制冷refrigeration制冷回路refrigerating circuit制冷剂控制器refrigerant control制冷装置refrigerating installation，refrigerating plant 制冷机refrigerating machine制冷机械refrigerating machinery制冷工程refrigeration engineering制冷工程承包商refrigeration contractor制冷工作者refrigerationist制冷工程师refrigeration engineer制冷技术员refrigeration technician制冷技师refrigeration technician制冷技工refrigeration mechanic制冷安装技工refrigeration installation mechanic制冷维修技工refrigeration serviceman制冷与空调维修店refrigeration and air conditioning repair shop 主阀main valve自动膨胀阀automatic expansion valve。
不平衡电网下双dq坐标变换的M3C微分平坦控制策略
第28卷㊀第1期2024年1月㊀电㊀机㊀与㊀控㊀制㊀学㊀报Electri c ㊀Machines ㊀and ㊀Control㊀Vol.28No.1Jan.2024㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀不平衡电网下双dq 坐标变换的M3C 微分平坦控制策略程启明,㊀杜婷伟,㊀赖宇生(上海电力大学自动化工程学院,上海200090)摘㊀要:针对目前模块化多电平矩阵变换器(M3C )研究中常用的双αβ坐标变换解耦不彻底㊁传统PID 控制方法效果差㊁不平衡工况研究少等问题,在分析拓扑结构和数学模型的基础上,采用双dq 坐标变换对电气量进行解耦,建立了M3C 的输入输出侧数学模型,分别对电压㊁电流进行正负序分离,并结合微分平坦理论,推导了输入侧㊁输出侧的微分平坦控制(DFC ),最后模拟了两种不平衡工况下的运行情况㊂仿真结果表明,与线性PID 控制相比,非线性的微分平坦控制提高了内环电流的跟踪速度和精度,更适用于非线性的M3C 系统㊂在电网平衡或电网出现不对称故障时,微分平坦控制下M3C 系统的动态稳定性与快速性更好,电能质量更高,电流谐波含量最多可以降低1.42%,能够更有效地抑制负序电流㊂关键词:海上风力发电;模块化多电平矩阵变换器;不平衡电网;双dq 坐标变换;微分平坦控制;PID 控制DOI :10.15938/j.emc.2024.01.005中图分类号:TM762文献标志码:A文章编号:1007-449X(2024)01-0049-12㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀收稿日期:2022-12-09基金项目:国家自然科学基金(62303301);上海市电站自动化技术重点实验室资助项目(13DZ2273800)作者简介:程启明(1965 ),男,博士,教授,研究方向为电力系统自动化㊁发电过程控制㊁先进控制及应用;杜婷伟(2000 ),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为新能源发电控制㊁海上风力发电控制;赖宇生(1996 ),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为新能源发电控制㊁电力电子控制㊂通信作者:杜婷伟Differential flatness control strategy of modular multilevel matrix converter based on double dq coordinate transformation underunbalanced grid conditionsCHENG Qiming,㊀DU Tingwei,㊀LAI Yusheng(College of Automation Engineering,Shanghai University of Electric Power,Shanghai 200090,China)Abstract :Aiming at the problems of incomplete decoupling of double αβcoordinate transformation com-monly used in modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C)research,on the basis of the analysis of topol-ogical structure and mathematical model,poor effect of traditional PID control method,and little research on unbalanced working conditions,etc.,double dq coordinate transformation was adopted to decouple the electrical quantity.The mathematical model of M3C s input and output side was established,the voltage and current were separated in positive and negative order,and the differential flatness control (DFC)of the input side and the output side was derived by combining the differential flatness theory.Finally,the operation under two unbalanced conditions was pared with linear PID control,the simula-tion results show that nonlinear differential flat control improves the tracking speed and accuracy of innerloop current,and is more suitable for nonlinear M3C system.When the power grid balance or asymmetricfault occurs,M3C system under differential flat control has better dynamic stability and rapidity,higher power quality,and can suppress negative sequence current more effectively.The current THD can be re-duced by up to1.42%.Keywords:offshore wind power;modular multilevel matrix converter;unbalanced grid;double dq coor-dinate transformation;differential flatness control;PID control0㊀引㊀言随着气候变暖㊁环境恶化等导致能源危机,新型清洁能源已成为了国家经济发展的方向之一[1-2]㊂其中海上风电由于具备稳定性强㊁可再生㊁受环境影响小等优势,极具开发前景㊂但如何将海上发电厂并入主电网正成为国内外海上风电领域的研究重点[3-4]㊂与常规的50Hz的高压交流输电[5]和高压直流输电[6]相比,50/3Hz的低频交流输电,又称分频传输系统,具有显著优势:可以提高交流海缆输电能力,只需一个AC/AC换流站,且设备投资成本少[7-9]㊂在现有的AC/AC变换设备中,模块化多电平矩阵变换器(modular multilevel matrix converter, M3C)[10]由Erickson R.和AI-Naseem O.于2001年提出,作为直接AC/AC变换器具有高电压㊁大容量的优点㊂M3C拓扑由9条桥臂构成,以3ˑ3矩阵形式排布,每条桥臂的电压㊁电流分量均包含两种不同频率的交流分量,存在强耦合现象,控制难度大㊂目前国内外学者已经对M3C的控制策略开展了一些研究,最为普遍应用的是基于双αβ0坐标变换的解耦控制方法㊂文献[11]的αβ0变换方法仅能将M3C的输入电流和输出电流解耦㊂文献[12-14]提出双αβ0变换,能将桥臂电流中的输入电流㊁输出电流和环流完全解耦,同时增加了两个对角维度的平衡控制,控制桥臂能量均衡分布㊂文献[15]将预测控制用于M3C中,然而M3C包含大量的状态变量,导致参数复杂㊁计算量庞大不具有实用性㊂文献[16-17]研究了双αβ0变换的非线性无源控制和微分平坦控制,系统跟踪速度有很大提升㊂尽管双αβ0变换被广泛采纳,但是这种控制方案也存在缺点,其被控量都是交流量,物理概念易混淆,且功率分量计算复杂㊂文献[18]提出了双dq坐标变换的方法,采用直流量作为内环被控量,但其采用的PID控制不仅调参复杂,而且是线性控制方法,作用在非线性的M3C上并不能使系统迅速稳定㊂到目前为止,采用双dq解耦方法的研究较少,并且其中未有文献考虑在发生不平衡故障时的非线性控制方案㊂非线性的微分平坦控制(differential flatness control,DFC)对系统稳定性的提升,超调量的降低等方面颇具优势,在电力电子领域和清洁能源领域已成为了研究热点[19-20]㊂与线性PID控制相比, DFC控制能使M3C系统稳定运行,避免因内外部扰动而发生动态特性变差的现象,提高内环电流的跟踪速度和精度㊂本文首次提出在不平衡电网下将微分平坦控制策略应用到基于双dq坐标变换的M3C控制中㊂首先给出M3C的拓扑结构与工作原理,建立M3C在双dq坐标变换下的数学模型,然后在输入侧与输出侧出现不对称故障时,将电压电流正负序分离,进一步运用微分平坦理论,设计输入侧㊁输出侧的DFC控制器㊂最后,在MATLAB/Simulink平台上建立两种不平衡工况,分别模拟DFC控制和传统PID控制,通过仿真验证在电网电压不平衡条件下,采用DFC控制能使系统稳定运行,且效果优于传统PID 控制㊂1㊀M3C的电路结构及数学模型M3C变换器的主电结构如图1所示㊂M3C以H全桥子模块(用SM表示,由T1~T44个IGBT和1个电容组成)为基本单元,等效电阻R㊁电感L以及n个子模块级联构成1个换流桥臂,共有9个桥臂,可分为3个子换流器㊂M3C的输入侧是低频三相交流电源,输出侧是工频三相交流电源㊂图1中:输入侧交流电压为u su㊁u sv㊁u sw,电流为i u㊁i v㊁i w;输出侧交流电压为u1a㊁u1b㊁u1c,电流为i a㊁i b㊁i c;桥臂电流为i xy,桥臂总电容电压为u c xy(x=u㊁v㊁w,y=a㊁b㊁c),u NO为共模电压㊂可以将每个桥臂的子模块视为受控电压源,得到图2所示的简化结构图㊂05电㊀机㊀与㊀控㊀制㊀学㊀报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第28卷㊀图1㊀M3C 拓扑结构Fig.1㊀Topology ofM3C图2㊀M3C 的简化结构图Fig.2㊀Simplified structure diagram of M3C分析图2所示的输入侧㊁输出侧的电压㊁电流关系,由Kirchhoff 定律建立回路电压方程可得:u su =Ri uy +L d iuy d t +u uy +u 1y +u NO ;u sv =Ri vy +L d i vyd t +u vy +u 1y +u NO ;u sw =Ri wy +L d i wyd t+u wy +u 1y +u NO ㊂üþýïïïïïï(1)i a +i b +i c =0;i u +i v +i w =0㊂}(2)对式(1)进行αβ0坐标变换,可将两种频率分量解耦,得到3个子换流器的电压电流关系为:u s αu s βéëêêùûúú=R +L d d t ()i αa i βa éëêêùûúú+u αa u βa éëêêùûúú;u s αu s βéëêêùûúú=R +L d d t ()i αb i βb éëêêùûúú+u αb u βb éëêêùûúú;u s αu s βéëêêùûúú=R +L d d t ()i αc i βc éëêêùûúú+u αc u βc éëêêùûúú㊂üþýïïïïïïïï(3)u so u so u so éëêêêùûúúú=R +L d d t ()i oa i ob i oc éëêêêùûúúú+u oa u ob u oc éëêêêùûúúú+3u 1a u 1b u 1c éëêêêùûúúú+3u NO u NO u NO éëêêêùûúúú㊂(4)当输入输出系统三相对称时,可忽略零序分量,对式(4)进行第2次αβ0坐标变换可得0[]=R +Ld d t()i o αi b βéëêêùûúú+u o αu o βéëêêùûúú+3u 1αu 1βéëêêùûúú㊂(5)式(3)与式(5)为M3C 在αβ坐标系下的数学模型㊂其中:式(3)为输入侧电压㊁电流αβ分量,其频率仅与输入侧频率相同;式(5)为输出侧电压㊁电流αβ分量,其频率仅与输出侧频率相同㊂由此实现了桥臂电压电流的解耦㊂对式(3)㊁式(5)分别采用各自频率的dq 坐标变换,可得M3C 在双dq 坐标系下的数学模型为:u da u qa éëêêùûúú=u sd u sq éëêêùûúú-R +L d d t ()i da i qa éëêêùûúú-ωs L -i qa i da éëêêùûúú;u db u qb éëêêùûúú=u sd u sq éëêêùûúú-R +L d d t ()i db i qb éëêêùûúú-ωs L -i qb i db éëêêùûúú;u dc u qc éëêêùûúú=u sd u sq éëêêùûúú-R +L d d t ()i dc i qc éëêêùûúú-ωs L -i qc i dc éëêêùûúú;u od u oq éëêêùûúú=-3u 1d u 1q éëêêùûúú-R +L d d t ()i od i oq éëêêùûúú-ω1L -i oq i od éëêêùûúú㊂üþýïïïïïïïïïïïï(6)式中:ωs 表示输入侧频率;ω1表示输出侧频率㊂由M3C 换流器稳态工作时的对称性可知i da i qa éëêêùûúú=i db i qb éëêêùûúú=i dc i qc éëêêùûúú=13i sd i sq éëêêùûúú㊂(7)式中i sd ㊁i sq 分别为输入侧电流的d㊁q 分量㊂由坐标变换原理可得,桥臂电流在dq 坐标下的输出侧频率分量满足下式:i 1d i 1q éëêêùûúú=3i od i oq éëêêùûúú㊂(8)式中i 1d ㊁i 1q 分别为输出侧电流的d㊁q 分量㊂对输出侧电压d㊁q 分量进行逆坐标变换,可得桥臂电压的输出侧频率分量如下:u oau ob u oc éëêêêùûúúú=T αβ/abc T dq /αβ-1u od u oqéëêêùûúú㊂(9)式中T dq /αβ㊁T dq /αβ-1为输出侧的逆坐标变换矩阵㊂15第1期程启明等:不平衡电网下双dq 坐标变换的M3C 微分平坦控制策略将桥臂电压中的输入㊁输出频率分量叠加,可将桥臂电压表示如下:u ua u va u wa éëêêêùûúúú=T αβ/abc T dq /αβ-s u da u qa éëêêùûúú+u oa u oa u oa éëêêêùûúúú;u ub u vb u wb éëêêêùûúúú=T αβ/abc T dq /αβ-s u db u qb éëêêùûúú+u ob u ob u ob éëêêêùûúúú;u uc u vc u wc éëêêêùûúúú=T αβ/abc T dq /αβ-s u dc u qc éëêêùûúú+u oc u oc u oc éëêêêùûúúú㊂üþýïïïïïïïïïïïïïï(10)式中T dq /αβ-s 为输入侧的逆坐标变换矩阵㊂2㊀不平衡电网下微分平坦控制策略在不平衡工况下,M3C 系统中会出现负序分量,导致过电流和非特征谐波的产生,影响控制效果,甚至烧毁元器件,对系统的安全稳定运行造成威胁,所以本文旨在研究基于M3C 系统在不对称故障条件下的控制策略㊂图3为不平衡电网下M3C 的总体控制结构图,其控制策略包括输入侧控制㊁输出侧控制㊁正负序分离㊁功率控制㊁桥臂分层直流稳压控制以及载波移相调制㊂图3㊀M3C 的整体控制结构图Fig.3㊀General control structure diagram of M3C1)正负序分离:运用双dq 坐标变换对输入侧和输出侧的电压㊁电流进行解耦,然后分别计算出正㊁负序电压电流分量;2)功率控制:根据不平衡工况下M3C 的运行要求,引入功率控制来求解期望电流值;3)输入/输出侧控制:基于微分平坦理论,推导出输入侧㊁输出侧的DFC 控制器;4)子模块独立均压控制:用于平衡桥臂的子模块电容电压,此控制有利于保证系统的安全稳定运行㊂2.1㊀正负序分离当三相系统不对称时,系统中将会出现负序分量,导致系统出现过电流,会严重威胁整个系统的安全稳定运行[21]㊂因此,需要分离电气量中的正㊁负序分量,分别提取电压㊁电流的正序分量和负序分量,再设计相应的正㊁负序的控制策略㊂由于篇幅限制,本文仅以输入侧为例,系统的电压㊁电流可表示为f uvw=f u f v f w éëêêêùûúúú=f +cos βf +(cos β-2π/3)f +(cos β+2π/3)éëêêêùûúúú+f-cos γf -(cos γ+2π/3)f-(cos γ-2π/3)éëêêêùûúúú+f 0f 0f 0éëêêêùûúúú㊂(11)式中:β=ω+t +α+,ω+=ωs ;γ=ω-t +α-,ω-=-ωs ;α+㊁α-分别为正㊁负序分量的初相角;f uvw 表示输入侧系统的电压或电流;f +㊁f -分别为正㊁负序分量的幅值;f 0为零序分量㊂本文系统为三相三线制,无零序回路,所以可以忽略零序分量㊂三相坐标系向两相旋转坐标系转换的正负序矩阵分别为:T +=23cos ωt cos(ωt -2π/3)cos(ωt +2π/3)-sin ωt -sin(ωt -2π/3)-sin(ωt +2π/3)[];T -=23cos ωt cos(ωt +2π/3)cos(ωt -2π/3)sin ωtsin(ωt +2π/3)sin(ωt -2π/3)[]㊂üþýïïïï(12)对式(11)进行正负序dq 变换可得:f ᶄ+d f ᶄ+q éëêêùûúú=f +cos α+f +sin α+éëêêùûúú+f -cos(2ω+t +α-)-f -sin(2ω+t +α-)éëêêùûúú;f ᶄ-d f ᶄ-qéëêêùûúú=f -cos α-f -sin α-éëêêùûúú+f +cos(2ω-t +α+)-f +sin(2ω-t +α+)éëêêùûúú㊂üþýïïïïïï(13)将式(13)延迟π/2,可得25电㊀机㊀与㊀控㊀制㊀学㊀报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第28卷㊀f ᶄ+d f ᶄ+q f ᶄ-d f ᶄ-qéëêêêêêùûúúúúúe -jπ2=-f +sin α+-f -sin(2ω+t +α-)f +cos α+-f -cos(2ω+t +α-)-f -sin α--f +sin(2ω-t +α+)f -cos α--f +cos(2ω-t +α+)éëêêêêêùûúúúúú㊂(14)联立式(13)和式(14)可将正负序分离如下:f +d f +q f -d f -q éëêêêêêùûúúúúú=12f ᶄ+d +f ᶄ+q exp(-jπ/2)f ᶄ+q-f ᶄ+d exp(-jπ/2)f ᶄ-d +f ᶄ-q exp(-jπ/2)f ᶄ-q-f ᶄ-dexp(-jπ/2)éëêêêêêùûúúúúú㊂(15)2.2㊀功率控制根据瞬时无功功率理论,可将瞬时有功功率和无功功率表示为:P =P 0+P s2sin(2ωt )+P c2cos(2ωt );Q =Q 0+Q s2sin(2ωt )+Q c2cos(2ωt )㊂}(16)式中:P 0是有功功率的直流分量;Q 0是无功功率的直流分量;P s2为有功功率的正弦2倍频分量;P c2为有功功率的余弦2倍频分量;Q s2为无功功率的正弦2倍频分量;Q c2为无功功率的余弦2倍频分量㊂将式(16)整理后,其矩阵形式如下:P 0P s2P c2Q 0Q s2Q c2éëêêêêêêêêùûúúúúúúúú=u +sd u +squ -sdu -sq u -sq -u -sd -u +sq u +sd u -sd u -sq u +sd u +sq u +sq -u +sd u -sq -u -sd -u -sd-u -sq u +sd u +squ -sq-u -sdu +sq -u +sdéëêêêêêêêêêùûúúúúúúúúúi +sdi +sq i -sd i -sq éëêêêêêùûúúúúú㊂(17)根据常见不平衡工况的负面影响,可将系统控制目标设为:1)平衡电网电流;2)消除有功功率纹波;3)消除无功功率纹波㊂对应的电流期望值分别如下:i +sdref =u +sdP 0+u +sqQ 0u +2sd+u +2sq ,i -sdref =0;i +sqref=u +sq P 0-u +sd Q 0u +2sd +u +2sq,i -sqref =0㊂üþýïïïï(18)i +sdref i +sqref i -sdref i -sqref éëêêêêêùûúúúúú=u +sd u +squ -sd u -sq u +sq -u +sdu -sq-u -sd -u -sd -u-squ+sdu +sq u -sq-u -sdu +sq-u +sdéëêêêêêùûúúúúú-1P 0Q 0Q s2Q c2éëêêêêêùûúúúúú;(19)i +sdref i +sqref i -sdref i -sqref éëêêêêêùûúúúúú=u +sdu +sq u -sd u -sq u +sq -u +sd u -sq-u -sd u -sq -u -sd -u +sq u +sd u -sdu -squ +sdu +sqéëêêêêêùûúúúúú-1P 0Q 0P s2P c2éëêêêêêùûúúúúú㊂(20)2.3㊀输入/输出侧平坦控制微分平坦控制多用于连续时间的非线性控制系统中,能快速㊁准确地跟踪参考值,主要由前馈期望量和误差反馈补偿量组成,其理论框图如图4所示㊂首先分析微分平坦理论的基本原理㊂图4㊀微分平坦控制策略框图Fig.4㊀Block diagram of DFC control strategy设非线性系统为:x ㊃=f (x ,u ),x ɪR n ,u ɪR m ;y =g (x ),y ɪR n ㊂}(21)式中u ㊁y ㊁x 分别为系统的输入变量㊁输出变量和状态变量㊂微分平坦理论的判断条件为:x =x (y ,y ㊃, ,y (λ1));u =u (y ,y ㊃, ,y(λ2))㊂}(22)式中λ1㊁λ2均为正整数,它们分别为状态变量㊁输入变量的微分阶数㊂微分平坦控制策略框图如图4所示:u ref,c 为前馈控制量;u ref,b 为误差反馈补偿值;u ref 为参考输入量;y 为输出实际值;y ref 为其期望值;Δy 为两者误值;Δy ref 为Δy 的期望值㊂由于3个子换流器的结构相同,控制器也相同,本文仅以a 相的子换流器为例具体分析㊂另外,正㊁负序分量的控制类似,在此仅推导正序分量的控制过程㊂根据式(6),可以推出输入侧正序的平坦控制器的前馈控制量为u +da_ref,c u +qa_ref,c éëêêùûúú=u +sd u +sq éëêêùûúú-R +L d d t ()i +da_ref i +qa_ref éëêêùûúú-ωs L -i +qa_ref i +da_ref éëêêùûúú㊂(23)35第1期程启明等:不平衡电网下双dq 坐标变换的M3C 微分平坦控制策略式中u +da_ref,c ㊁u +qa_ref,c 分别为输入电流参考值i +da_ref ㊁i +qa_ref 生成的前馈控制量㊂将系统状态变量误差表示为:Δi +da =i +da -i +da_ref ;Δi+qa=i+qa-i+qa_ref㊂}(24)将式(24)代入式(6),可得误差模型如下:Δu +da Δu +qa éëêêùûúú=-R +L d d t()Δi +da Δi +qa éëêêùûúú-ωs L -Δi +qa Δi +da éëêêùûúú㊂(25)由式(25)可得相应误差反馈补偿值为Δu +da_ref,b Δu +qa_ref,b éëêêùûúú=-k DFp +k DFi s ()Δi +da_ref -Δi +da Δi +qa_ref -Δi +qa éëêêùûúú-ωs L -Δi +qa Δi +da éëêêùûúú㊂(26)式中:k DFp ㊁k DFi 为PI 参数;u +da_ref,b ㊁u +qa_ref,b 分别为Δi +da㊁Δi +qa与参考值生成的误差反馈补偿值㊂令Δi +da_ref =0,Δi +qa_ref =0,可得Δu +da_ref Δu +qa_ref éëêêùûúú=Δu +da_ref,b Δu +qa_ref,b éëêêùûúú+Δu +da_ref,c Δu +qa_ref,c éëêêùûúú㊂(27)联立式(6)和式(27)可得(R +Ls )Δi +da_refΔi +qa_ref éëêêùûúú-k DFp +k DFis ()i +da-i +da_refi +qa -i +qa_ref éëêêùûúú=(R +Ls )i +dai +qa éëêêùûúú㊂(28)由式(28)可得d㊁q 轴电流的闭环传递函数如下:H d (s )H q (s )éëêêùûúú=i+dai+da_refi+qai +qa_ref[]T=11[]㊂(29)因此,上述设计的M3C 平坦控制器能实现电气量的解耦,响应速度快,跟踪效果好㊂类似地,可以推导出输入侧b 相子换流器㊁c 相子换流器以及输出侧的正序前馈控制量㊁误差反馈补偿量和平坦控制器分别为:u +db_ref,c u +qb_ref,c éëêêùûúú=u +sd u +sq éëêêùûúú-R +L d d t ()i +db_ref i +qb_ref éëêêùûúú-ωs L -i +qb_ref i +db_ref éëêêùûúú;(30)Δu +db_ref,b Δu +qb_ref,b éëêêùûúú=-k DFp +k DFis ()Δi +db_ref -Δi +db Δi +qb_ref -Δi +qb éëêêùûúú-ωs L -Δi +qb Δi +db éëêêùûúú;(31)Δu +db_ref Δu +qb_ref éëêêùûúú=Δu +db_ref,b Δu +qb_ref,b éëêêùûúú+Δu +db_ref,c Δu +qb_ref,c éëêêùûúú;(32)u +dc_ref,c u +qc_ref,c éëêêùûúú=u +sd u +sq éëêêùûúú-R +L d d t ()i +dc_ref i +qc_ref éëêêùûúú-ωs L -i +qc_ref i +dc_ref éëêêùûúú;(33)Δu +dc_ref,b Δu +qc_ref,b éëêêùûúú=-k DFp +k DFis ()Δi +dc_ref -Δi +dc Δi +qc_ref -Δi +qc éëêêùûúú-ωs L -Δi +qc Δi +dc éëêêùûúú;(34)Δu +dc_ref Δu +qc_ref éëêêùûúú=Δu +dc_ref,b Δu +qc_ref,b éëêêùûúú+Δu +dc_ref,c Δu +qc_ref,c éëêêùûúú;(35)u +od_ref,c u +oq_ref,c éëêêùûúú=-3u +1d u +1q éëêêùûúú-R +L d d t ()i +od_ref i +oq_ref éëêêùûúú-ω1L -i +oq_ref i +od_ref éëêêùûúú;(36)Δu +od_ref,b Δu +oq_ref,b éëêêùûúú=-k DFp +k DFi s ()Δi +od_ref -Δi +od Δi +oq_ref -Δi +oq éëêêùûúú-ωs L -Δi +oq Δi +od éëêêùûúú;(37)Δu +od_ref Δu +oq_ref éëêêùûúú=Δu +od_ref,b Δu +oq_ref,b éëêêùûúú+Δu +od_ref,c Δu +oq_ref,c éëêêùûúú㊂(38)M3C 输入侧㊁输出侧正序平坦控制的详细框图如图5所示㊂2.4㊀子模块独立均压控制本文采用子模块独立均压控制使各子模块的电容电压达到稳定㊁均衡,其具体原理为:通过每个桥臂上的电流㊁对应桥臂的直流电压㊁单个子模块的电容电压,结合输入侧㊁输出侧的平坦控制信号,得出最终的桥臂控制信号,再送入载波移相调制,以此保证子模块电容电压的稳定㊂控制框图见图6㊂以桥臂u a 为例,其总电容电压u Cua ,子模块平均电容电压为u -Cua ,调制信号为u ∗ua ,第j 个子模块的45电㊀机㊀与㊀控㊀制㊀学㊀报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第28卷㊀电容电压为u Cua j㊂图5㊀M3C 系统的微分平坦控制框图Fig.5㊀DFC control block diagram of M3Csystem图6㊀子模块独立均压控制Fig.6㊀Independent and average voltage control ofsub-module3㊀仿真实验分析本文在MATLAB /Simulink 仿真平台上对图1所示M3C 系统进行了模拟㊂由此设计了两种不平衡故障工况,分别仿真了微分平坦控制与传统的PID 控制,并对比仿真效果㊂系统仿真参数如表1所示㊂表1㊀系统仿真实验参数Table 1㊀Parameters of system simulation experiment㊀㊀参数数值输入侧电压幅值/kV 10输出侧电压幅值/kV 10输入侧频率/Hz 50/3输出侧频率/Hz 50桥臂子模块数/个7子模块电容/mF 10子模块电容电压/V 3000桥臂电感/mH203.1㊀工况1实验分析在工况1下,由控制目标1(平衡电网电流)变为控制目标2(消除有功功率纹波)再变回控制目标1㊂具体如下:1)0~0.1s 内,电网电压无故障,系统正常运行,此时输入侧㊁输出侧均选择控制目标1,且P 0=12MW,Q 0=0;2)0.1~0.2s 内,输出侧电压a 相跌落20%,构造输出侧三相电压不对称工况,此时输出侧选择控制目标2,且P 0=6MW,Q 0=0,输入侧无变化;3)0.2~0.3s 内,输入侧电压u 相跌落20%,构造输入侧㊁输出侧三相电压均不对称的工况,输入侧输出侧均选择控制目标2;4)0.3~0.4s 内,设定输入侧㊁输出侧电压恢复原值,交流系统对称,回到无故障正常运行工况㊂图7和图8为工况1下PID 控制策略与微分平坦控制策略的仿真波形,包括输入侧电压u su /u sv /u sw ㊁输入侧电流i su /i sv /i sw ㊁输出侧电压u 1a /u 1b /u 1c ㊁输出侧电流i 1a /i 1b /i 1c ㊁输入侧有功无功功率P s /Q s ㊁输出侧有功无功功率P 1/Q 1㊂表2分别列出了工况1下PID 控制策略与微分平坦控制策略的输入侧电流㊁输出侧电流的性能指标,并从稳定时间与总谐波畸变率(total harmonic distortion,THD)两个方面来进行对比分析㊂由于篇幅有限,本文截取了0.1~55第1期程启明等:不平衡电网下双dq 坐标变换的M3C 微分平坦控制策略0.2s 内输出侧电流的THD 值制成图9,其余THD 值将直接表示在表2中㊂图7㊀工况1下PID 控制的仿真结果Fig.7㊀Simulation results of PID control under workingcondition 1分析图7㊁图8㊁图9和表2可知,在电网出现不对称故障时,传统PID 控制策略与本文所提的微分平坦控制策略均能达到控制要求,保证系统稳定运行,且微分平坦控制策略下各电气量的性能指标均优于传统PID 控制㊂图8㊀工况1下微分平坦控制(DFC )的仿真结果Fig.8㊀Simulation results of DFC control under workingcondition 165电㊀机㊀与㊀控㊀制㊀学㊀报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第28卷㊀图9㊀工况1下输出侧电流谐波分析(0.1~0.2s) Fig.9㊀Output current spectrums of M3C on working condition1(0.1~0.2s)表2㊀工况1下输入侧㊁输出侧电流性能指标分析Table2㊀Analysis of current performance index of input side and output side under working condition1两侧电流性能指标分析时间段/ms0~100100~200200~300300~400输入侧稳定时间/ms(PID)59100238339输入侧稳定时间/ms(DFC)34100225320输入侧THD/%(PID) 1.970.240.52 1.29输入侧THD/%(DFC)0.620.140.290.15输出侧稳定时间/ms(PID)21118200330输出侧稳定时间/ms(DFC)14107190313输出侧THD/%(PID) 1.710.870.480.99输出侧THD/%(DFC)0.290.220.240.11 1)0~0.1s内,系统处于无故障正常运行状态,在控制目标1下,两种控制方法下的输入侧㊁输出侧电流都具有较好的三相对称性,系统在微分平坦控制下的稳定速度较PID控制稍快,电能质量较高;2)0.1~0.2s内,输出侧出现不对称故障,a相电压跌落20%,输出侧控制目标为消除有功功率纹波,两种控制方法下的输出侧电流,在不对称故障与功率改变后都能达到新的稳定值㊂PID控制下系统的输出侧电流i abc与输出侧功率P1/Q1在0.118s后稳定,输出侧电流THD值为0.87%;微分平坦控制下系统的输出侧电流i abc与输出侧功率P1/Q1在0.107s后稳定,输出侧电流THD值为0.22%,对比可知微分平坦控制下输出侧电流能够更快达到稳定,系统的谐波污染更低;3)0.2~0.3s内,输入侧和输出侧均出现不对称故障,控制目标均为消除有功功率纹波,PID控制和微分平坦控制下系统的输入侧电流i uvw的THD值分别为0.52%和0.29%,说明微分平坦控制下系统的电能质量高;4)0.3~0.4s内,输入侧㊁输出侧均恢复无故障正常运行状态,由表2可知,微分平坦控制下系统的能更快达到稳态,谐波含量更低,电能质量更高,能够更有效地抑制负序电流㊂3.2㊀工况2实验分析在工况2下,由控制目标1变为控制目标3再变回控制目标1㊂工况2具体如下:1)0~0.1s内,电网电压无故障,系统正常运行,此时输入侧㊁输出侧均选择控制目标1,且P0= 12MW,Q0=0㊂2)0.1~0.2s内,输入侧电压u相跌落20%,构造输入侧三相电压不对称工况,此时输出侧选择控制目标3,且P0=6MW,Q0=0,输出侧无变化;3)0.2~0.3s内,输出侧电压a相跌落20%,构造输入侧㊁输出侧三相电压均不对称的工况,输入侧输出侧均选择控制目标3;4)0.3~0.4s内,设定输入侧㊁输出侧电压恢复原值,交流系统对称,回到无故障正常运行工况㊂图10和图11为工况2下PID控制策略与微分平坦控制策略的仿真波形,包括输入侧电压u su/u sv/ u sw㊁输入侧电流i su/i sv/i sw㊁输出侧电压u1a/u1b/u1c㊁输出侧电流i1a/i1b/i1c㊁输入侧有功无功功率P s/Q s㊁输出侧有功无功功率P1/Q1㊂由于篇幅有限,本文截取了0.1~0.2s内输出侧电流的THD值制成图12,其余THD值将直接表示在表中㊂表3分别列出了工况2下两种控制策略的输入侧电流㊁输出侧电流的性能指标,便于进一步对比分析㊂75第1期程启明等:不平衡电网下双dq坐标变换的M3C微分平坦控制策略图10㊀工况2下PID控制的仿真结果Fig.10㊀Simulation results of PID control under working condition2分析图10㊁图11㊁图12和表3可知,在工况2下,微分平坦控制策略的控制效果优于传统PID控制㊂具体分析如下:1)0~0.1s内,系统为无故障正常运行状态;2)0.1~0.2s内,输入侧出现不对称故障,u相电压跌落20%,输入侧控制目标为消除无功功率纹波,两种控制方法下的输入侧㊁输出侧电流,在不对称故障与功率改变后都能迅速稳定;图11㊀工况2下微分平坦控制(DFC)的仿真结果Fig.11㊀Simulation results of DFC control under working condition285电㊀机㊀与㊀控㊀制㊀学㊀报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第28卷㊀图12㊀工况2下输出侧电流谐波分析(0.2~0.3s) Fig.12㊀Output current spectrums of M3C on working condition2(0.2~0.3s)表3㊀工况2下输入侧㊁输出侧电流性能指标分析Table3㊀Analysis of current performance index of input side and output side under working condition2两侧电流性能指标分析时间段/ms0~100100~200200~300300~400输入侧稳定时间/ms(PID)65134200327输入侧稳定时间/ms(DFC)29126200311输入侧THD/%(PID) 1.970.940.48 1.28输入侧THD/%(DFC)0.620.490.290.16输出侧稳定时间/ms(PID)24100214325输出侧稳定时间/ms(DFC)151********输出侧THD/%(PID)0.970.670.89 1.04输出侧THD/%(DFC)0.370.120.270.953)0.2~0.3s内,输入侧和输出侧均出现不对称故障,控制目标均为消除无功功率纹波,PID控制下系统的输出侧电流i abc与输出侧功率P1/Q1在0.214s后稳定,输出侧电流THD值为0.89%;微分平坦控制下系统的输出侧电流i abc与输出侧功率P1/Q1在0.207s后稳定,输出侧电流THD值为0.27%,对比可知微分平坦控制下动态稳定性与快速性更好,谐波污染更低;4)0.3~0.4s内,输入侧㊁输出侧均恢复无故障正常运行状态,由表3可知,微分平坦控制下系统的稳定速度㊁动态性能㊁控制效果均优于传统PID 控制㊂通过对比上述两种运行工况的仿真结果,不难得知无论是在正常运行工况下,或是系统出现单侧㊁双侧不对称故障的工况下,微分平坦控制的效果均优于PID控制㊂4㊀结㊀论本文对电网不平衡下的M3C微分平坦控制进行了深入研究㊂首先,根据双dq坐标变换建立了M3C的输入输出侧解耦模型,提取电压电流的正负序分量,基于微分平坦理论,设计出了输入侧㊁输出侧的微分平坦控制器,最后在MATLAB/Simulink平台上设计了两种不平衡工况,分别模拟了微分平坦控制和传统PID控制的运行效果,验证了本文所提控制策略的先进性㊂且通过理论分析和仿真对比可以得到以下结论:1)双dq坐标变换中所有的受控量均为直流量,控制结构较双αβ更简单,实现容易,同时也具备优良的稳态和动态性能㊂2)与传统的线性PID控制相比,非线性的平坦控制更适用于非线性的M3C系统㊂在平衡电网或电网出现不对称故障时,微分平坦控制下的控制效果均优于PID控制,其动态稳定性与快速性更好,谐波污染更低㊂参考文献:[1]㊀YOU Shutang,ZHAO Jiecheng,YAO Wenxuan,et al.FNET/grideye for future high renewable power grids-applications overview[C]//2018IEEE PES Transmission&Distribution Conferenceand Exhibition-Latin America(T&D-LA),September18-21, 2018,Lima,Peru.2018:1-5.[2]㊀WU Jiahui,WANG Haiyun,WANG Weiqing,et al.Performanceevaluation for sustainability of wind energy project using improved multi-criteria decision-making method[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2019,7(5):1166. 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[5]㊀杨硕,郭春义,王庆,等.分层接入特高压直流输电系统协调95第1期程启明等:不平衡电网下双dq坐标变换的M3C微分平坦控制策略控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2019,39(15):4357YANG Shuo,GUO Chunyi,WANG Qing,et al.Coordinated con-trol approach for UHVDC system under hierarchical connection mode[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2019,39(15):4357.[6]㊀邓银秋,汪震,韩俊飞,等.适用于海上风电接入的多端柔直网内不平衡功率优化分配控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报, 2020,40(8):2406.DENG Yinqiu,WANG Zhen,HAN Junfei,et al.A novel chopper topology for grid side fault ride through in VSC-HVDC based off-shore wind power connection[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020,40(8):2406.[7]㊀LUO Jiajie,ZHANG Xiaoping,XUE Ying,et al.Harmonic anal-ysis of modular multilevel matrix converter for fractional frequency transmission system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2020,35(3):1209.[8]㊀Al-TAMEEMI M,MIURA Y,LIU J,et al.A novel controlscheme for multi-terminal low-frequency AC electrical energy transmission systems using modular multilevel matrix converters and virtual synchronous generator concept[J].Energies,2020, 13(3):748.[9]㊀MENG Yongqing,SHANG Shuonan,ZHANG Haitao,et al.IDA-PB control with integral action of Y-connected modular multilevel converter for fractional frequency transmission application[J].IET Generation Transmission&Distribution,2018,12(14):3386.[10]㊀ERICKSON R W,Al-NASEEM O A.A new family of matrixconverters[C]//27th Annual Conference of the IEEE IndustrialElectronics Society,November29-December2,2001,Denver,USA.2001:1515-1520.[11]㊀OATES C.A methodology for developing Chainlink converters[C]//13th European Conference on Power Electronics and Ap-plications,September8-10,2009,Barcelona,Spain.2009:1-10.[12]㊀KAMMERER F,KOLB J,BRAUN M.Fully decoupled currentcontrol and energy balancing of the modular multilevel matrixconverter[C]//15th International Power Electronics and MotionControl Conference(EPE/PEMC),September4-6,2012,Novi Sad,Serbia.2012:LS2a.3-1-LS2a.3-8. [13]㊀KAWAMUR W,AKAGI H.Control of the modular multilevelcascade converter based on triple-star bridge-cells(M2CC-TS-BC)for motor drives[C]//IEEE Energy Conversion Congressand Exposition(ECCE),September15-20,2012,Raleigh,USA.2012:3506-3513.[14]㊀KAWAMUR W,HAGIWARA M,AKAGI H.Control and exper-iment of a modular multilevel cascade converter based on triple-star cells[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2014,50(5):3537.[15]㊀NADEMI H,NORUM L E,SOGHOMONIAN Z,et al.Low fre-quency operation of modular multilevel matrix converter using op-timization-oriented predictive control scheme[C]//2016IEEE17th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics(COMPEL),June27-30,2016,Trondheim,Norway.2016:1-6.[16]㊀程启明,马信乔,江畅,等.模块化多电平矩阵换流器输入侧的无源控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2021,45(11):137.CHENG Qiming,MA Xinqiao,JIANG Chang,et al.Passivity-based control strategy for input side of modular multi-level matrixconverter[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2021,45(11):137.[17]㊀程启明,谢怡群,马信乔,等.模块化多电平矩阵变换器的平坦控制策略[J].电力自动化设备,2022,42(1):187.CHENG Qiming,XIE Yiqun,MA Xinqiao,et al.Flat controlstrategy for modular multilevel matrix converter[J].Power Auto-mation Equipment,2022,42(1):187.[18]㊀孟永庆,王健,李磊,等.基于双dq坐标变换的M3C变换器的数学模型及控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(17):4703.MENG Yongqing,WANG Jian,LI Lei,et al.Research on mod-eling and control strategy of modular multilevel matrix converterbased on double dq coordinate transformation[J].Proceedings ofthe CSEE,2016,36(17):4703.[19]㊀宋平岗,周鹏辉,肖丹,等.MMC-RPC的功率同步平坦控制策略[J].电力自动化设备,2019,39(11):146.SONG Pinggang,ZHOU Penghui,XIAO Dan,et al.Power syn-chronization flatness control strategy of MMC-RPC[J].PowerAutomation Equipment,2019,39(11):146. [20]㊀SHAHIN A,MOUSSA H,FORRISI I,et al.Reliability im-provement approach based on flatness control of parallel-connect-ed inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(1):682.[21]㊀张翀.模块化多电平矩阵换流器在AC/AC系统应用中的关键技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2020.(编辑:刘琳琳)06电㊀机㊀与㊀控㊀制㊀学㊀报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第28卷㊀。
焊接常用术语及定义
电弧缝焊arc seam weld 采用电弧焊方法焊成的缝形焊缝。
电弧点焊arc spot weld 采用电弧焊方法焊成的点状焊缝。
弧伤arc strike 由于疏忽大意，使电能在完成的焊缝（或母材）表面与焊条或磁探头（电流源）之间通过，从而发生电弧，造成在完成的焊缝（或母材）的外形轮廓上的任何烧伤。
螺柱弧焊arc stud swelding 一种弧焊方法。
此法在金属螺柱（或类似零件）和另一工件之间引发电弧，直至被连接的表面受到适当加热，然后再以压力使两者接合起来。
在螺柱外围加一陶瓷护套，可以获得适当的部分保护。
焊剂或保护气体可用可不用。
电弧焊arc welding 电弧焊是指某一焊接方法群，此焊接方法群是以单弧或多弧加热的办法来实现接合，填充金属可用可不用，外加压力亦可用可不用。
焊态as-welded 焊缝金属、焊接接头和焊件，在焊接后未接受任何后续处理例如热处理、机械处理或化学处理之前的状态。
自动焊automatic welding 采用施焊时间无需焊接操作工调节控制钮的机器进行的焊接。
这类焊机可以也可以不执行装卸工件的工作，参见机动焊。
背面清根back gouging 从一个部分焊接的接头的另一面清除一些焊缝金属和母材，以保证从这一面作后续焊接时能完全焊透。
后焊法backhand welding 焊炬或焊枪的指向与焊接方向相反的一种焊接技术。
衬垫backing 为了支撑熔化的焊接金属在焊接接头的根部放置一材料。
背面气体backing gas 采用氩、氦、氮或活性气体之类，从焊接接头根部的背面（与焊接侧相反的一面）排除氧气。
母材base metal 被焊接的或被切割的金属。
熔合线bond line, fusion line 见fusion line 对接接头butt joint 在近乎同一的平面内对装在一起的两元件之间的接头。
堆焊缓冲层buttering 堆焊缓冲层是指在接头准备作最终焊接前，预先在接头的一个（或两个）侧面堆焊一层（或多层）焊缝金属，以便为后续焊接提供适当的过渡层熔敷焊缝。
灯具常用英语
[分享]灯具英语词汇圣诞灯 Christmas lamp / light 烟花灯 firework lamp / light节日灯 holiday lamp / light椰树灯 coconut lamp / light卤素灯 Halide Lamps / Halogen Lamps白炽灯泡 incandescent light bulbs组合开关 integral switch专业照明 illumination舞台灯 stage lamp应急灯 emergency lamp / light嵌灯/嵌入灯/埋地灯 recessed light / lamp车灯car lamp车头灯 head lamp投光灯 spot light / lamp走线灯 light linear泛光灯 flood light / lamp景观灯 landscape light / lamp电子感应灯electronic senor light / lamp灭蚊灯 mosquito killer lamp光源 light灯泡 bulb节能灯energy saving lamp节能灯(紧凑型荧光灯) Compact Fluorescent Lamp荧光灯fluorescent light /lamp荧光灯支架 fluorescent light fixtures电筒 flashlight/torch light / lamp灯杯 lamp cup金卤灯metal halide/halogen lamp溴钨灯Bromine tungsten lamp汞灯 mercury lamp钠灯 Sodium lamp卤钨灯Halogen tungsten lamp碘钨灯iodine tungsten lamp氖灯/霓虹灯 neon lamp石英灯 quartz lamp倍尔诺照明Banner lighting company卤素灯 halogen lamp灯饰配件 light fittings灯罩lamp shade灯头/灯座 lamp holder灯头/灯座 lamp base灯盘lamp house气体放电灯 Gas discharge lamp荧光灯 fluorescent light /lampcurrent-carry载(电)流的current-conducting 导电的压克力配件acrylic fitting塑胶配件 plastic fitting陶瓷配件 ceramic fitting五金配件 hardware fitting玻璃配件 glass fitting压铸件 die-casting fitting开关switch电线electric wire / power cored插针/插头 Pin (plug)插座socket电感镇流器Inductive / magnetic ballast电子镇流器electronic ballast适配器 adapter变压器 transformer启动器 starter整流器 commutator感应器 sensor调光器 dimmer端子台 termianl荧光灯管 Linear fluorescent light tube三基色 tri-phosphor三基色稀土荧光粉 tri-phosphor Fluorescent Powder三基色灯管 tri-phosphor tube light三基色发光二极管 tri-phosphor LEDS伪彩色LED显示屏 pseudo-color LED panel全彩色LED显示屏 all-color LED panel光及辐射Light and radiation光通量(单位为：流明lm) Luminous flux , Φ光强度 luminous intensity, I光强度单位：坎德拉 candela, cd照度 Illuminance, E照度单位：勒克斯 Lux, lx辉度 Luminance, L辉度单位：坎德拉每平方米 cd/㎡色温 Co1or Temperature色温单位：绝对温度 Kelvin, K光色 Light color演色性 Color rendering平均演色性指数 general color rendering index, (Ra) 灯具效率 Luminaire efficiency不可见光 Invisible Light光谱 Spectrum白炽灯泡Incandescent bulb吸顶灯 ceiling lamp / light水晶灯 crystal lamp / light室内灯 residential lamp / light枝状大吊灯 chandeliers吊灯 pendant lamp / light半吊灯 half pendant lamp / light台灯table lamp / light壁灯wall lamp / light落地灯 floor lamp / light水珠灯 water pearl lamp / light导轨灯 track lamp / light柱灯pillar lamp / light蒂凡尼灯 tiffany lamp / light风水灯 water fountain lamp / light户外灯 outdoor lamp / light路灯street lamp / light筒灯down lamp / light投光射灯 spot lamp / light庭院灯 garden lamp / light草坪灯 lawn lamp / light草地灯 lawn lamp / light防水灯 water proof lamp / Under water lamp current-limiter电流限制器,限流器current-limiting石艺灯 marble lamp / light羊皮灯 parchment lamp / light镜前灯 mirror front lamp / light格栅灯 grille lamp / light木灯wooden lamp / light宫灯palace lamp / light仿水晶灯imitated crystal lamp / light低压灯 low voltage lamp / light工艺灯 artificial lamp / light镜画灯 picture lamp / light吊线灯 track / line lamp / light柱头灯 water jet lamp / light水底灯 underwater lamp / light户外壁灯 outdoor wall lamp / light组合灯 assembled lamp / light太阳能灯 solar lamp / light彩灯holiday lamp / light彩虹灯 rainbow lamp / light烟花灯 firework lamp / light继续灯具英语词汇A-HAachromatic (perceived) colour 无彩（知觉）色acdjustable luminarie 可调式灯具area (surface) light source 面光源average cylinderical illuminance平均柱面照度average illuminance平均照度average life平均寿命average luminance平均亮度average spherical illuminance, scalar illuminance平均球面照度；标量照度Bballast镇流器bayonet cap插口式灯头beam angle光束角brightness视亮度Ccalculatinb height of luminaire灯具计算高度cap 灯头ceiling luminaire, surface mounted luminai吸顶灯具chroma彩度chromatic adaptation色适应chromatic (perceived )colour有彩（知觉）色chromaticity色品；色度CIE standard clear sky CIE标准全晴天空CIE standard overcast sky CIE标准全阴天空CIE standard photometric observer CIE标准光度观察者circular fluorescent lamp 环形荧光灯coefficient ofsunshine spacing 日照间距系数colorimeter 色度计colorimetry 色测量colour appearance 色表colour atlas色（谱）集colour chip色卡（38）colour contrast色对比colour correction色修正colour of light source光源色olour rendering显色性colour rendering index显色指数colour sensation色感觉colour stimulus色刺激colour temperature色温（度）combined lughting混光照明compact fluorescent lamp紧凑型荧光灯cool colour冷色cool white fluorescent lamp冷白色荧光灯correction coefficient for beight-span ratio高跨比修正系数correction coefficient of window width窗宽修正系数correlated colour temperature相关色温（度）cosine correction余弦修正cut-off截光cut-off angle截光角Ddark adaptation暗适应daylight昼光daylight climate coefficient光气候系数daylight factor采光系数daylight factor of window or rooflight opening窗洞口采光系数daylight fluorescent lamp日光采荧光灯decorative lamp装饰灯泡diffused lighting漫射照明diffused luminaire漫射型灯具diffuser漫射体diffuse reflectance漫射射比diffuse reflection漫反射diffuse sky radiation天空漫射辐射diffuse transmission漫透射diffuse transmittance漫透射比direct flux直接光通量diffusion漫射direct glare直接眩光direct lighting直接照明direct luminaire直接型灯具directional lighting向定照明direction sign luminaire指向标志灯direct solar radiation直接日辐射disability glare失能眩光discharge lamp放电灯discomfort glare不舒适眩光distribution of luminous intensity光强分布；配光downlight下射式灯具downward flux下半球光通量dust-proof luminaire防尘灯具dust-tight luminaire尘密型灯具electric light source电光源electromagnetic radiation电磁辐射electronic ballast电子镇流器emergency lighting应急照明emergency luminaire应急灯escape lighting疏散照明escape sign luminaire……………………………………………………………疏散标志灯exit sign luminaire………………………………………………………………出口标志灯exterior critical illu minance…………………………………………………室外临界照度externally reflected component of daylight factor…………采光系数的室外反射光分量Fflame-proof luminaire…………………………………………………………隔爆型灯具flicker…………………………………………………………………………………闪烁floodlight……………………………………………………………………………泛光灯floodlighting………………………………………………………………………泛光照明floor lamp…………………………………………………………………………落地灯fluorescent high pressure mercury (vapour) lamp………………荧光高压汞（蒸气）灯fluorescent lamp……………………………………………………………………荧光灯frosted lamp………………………………………………………………………磨砂灯泡full cut-off luminaire…………………………………………………………截光型灯具Ggas-filled lamp…………………………………………………………………充气灯泡general colour rendering index……………………………………………一般显色指数general diffused lighting……………………………………………………一般漫射照明general lighting……………………………………………………………………一般照明general light souree…………………………………………………………普通照明灯泡glare………………………………………………………………………………………眩光glare by reflection…………………………………………………………………反射眩光global daylight illuminance……………………………………………………总昼光照度global solar radiation……………………………………………………………总日辐射gloss……………………………………………………………………………………光泽gloss meter…………………………………………………………………………光泽计goniophotometer………………………………………………………………变角光度计Hhand lamp…………………………………………………………………………手提灯high-frequency fluorescent lamp……………………………………………高频荧光灯high-frequency induction lamp…………………………………………高频无极感应灯high intensity discharge lamp…………………………………………高强度气体放电灯high mast lighting………………………………………………………………高杆照明high pressure mercury (vapour) lamp……………………………………高压汞（蒸气）灯high pressure sodium (vapour) lamp…………………………………高压钠（蒸气）灯high pressure sodium (vapour) lamp with high colour rendering…高显色型高压钠（蒸气）灯h igh pressure sodium (vapour) lamp with improved colour rendering…中显色型高压钠（蒸气）灯horizontal illuminance…………………………………………………………水平面照度hue………………………………………………………………………………色调，色相继续灯具英语词汇I-OI ignitor…………………………………………………………………………………触发器（22）illuminance………………………………………………………………………………照度（5）illuminance meter……………………………………………………………………照度计（37）illuminance ratio………………………………………………………………………照度比（17）illuminance vector…………………………………………………………………照度矢量（16）incandescent lamp……………………………………………………………………白炽灯（18）increased safety luminaire………………………………………………………增安型灯具（26）increment coefficient due to interior reflected light…………………室内反射光增量系数（33）indirect flux………………………………………………………………………间接光通量（14）indirect lighting……………………………………………………………………间接照明（12）indirect luminaire………………………………………………………………间接型灯具（25）inf rared radiation……………………………………………………………………红外辐射（2）initial average illuminance……………………………………………………初始平均照度（15）inspection lighting…………………………………………………………………检修照明（13）instant-start fluorescent lamp…………………………………………瞬时启动式荧光灯（21）integrating sphere……………………………………………………………………积分球（38）intermediate colour……………………………………………………………………中间色（9）internally reflected component of daylight factor ……………采光系数的室内反射光分量（31）iso-illuminance curve…………………………………………………………等照度曲线（17）iso-intensity curve……………………………………………………………等光强曲线（17）iso-luminanc e curve…………………………………………………………等亮度曲线（17）isotropic diffuse reflection………………………………………………各向同性漫反射（36）isotropic diffuse transmission…………………………………………各向同性漫透射（36）Llambert's (cosine) law…………………………………………………朗伯（余弦）定律（36）lamp current……………………………………………………………………灯电流（24）lampholder………………………………………………………………………………灯座（22）lamp voltage……………………………………………………………………灯电压（23）life (of a lmap) ………………………………………………………………（灯的）寿命（23）light……………………………………………………………………………………光（2）light adaptation……………………………………………………………………明适应（5）light center (of a light source of luminaire) ……………………………………………………………（光源的或灯具的）光中心（16）light climate………………………………………………………………………光气候（30）lightness (of a related colour) ……………………………………………明度（相关色）light loss coefficient due to obstruction or exterior building……………………………………………………………室外建筑挡当折减系数（33）line light souree……………………………………………………………………线光源（16）local lighting……………………………………………………………………局部照明（11）localised lilghting…………………………………………………………分区一般照明（11）louvre, lourver……………………………………………………………………遮光格栅（28）low pressure sodium (vopour) lamp…………………………………低压钠（蒸气）灯（20）luminaire……………………………………………………………………………灯具（25）low-voltage tungsten halogen lamp…………………………………………低压卤钨灯（19）luminaire efficiency……………………………………………………………灯具效率（29）luminaire for explosive atmosphere……………………………………………防爆灯具（26）luminaire for road lighting…………………………………………………道路照明灯具（28）luminaire guard………………………………………………………………灯具保护网（29）luminance………………………………………………………………………………亮度（4）luminance contrast………………………………………………………………亮度对比（6）luminance meter……………………………………………………………………亮度计（37）luminous ceilin g lighting……………………………………………………发光顶棚照明（13）luminous efficiency (of a lamp) …………………………………………（灯的）发光效率（23）laminous environment…………………………………………………………………光环境（6）luminous flux…………………………………………………………………………光通量（4）luminous flux maintenance factor…………………………………………光通量维持率（23）luminous flux ratio of combined light source……………………………混光光源通量比（17）luminous intensity…………………………………………………………发光强度（4）Mmaintained average illuminance………………………………………………维持平均照度（15）maintenance factor…………………………………………………………………维护系数（15）maximum illuminance………………………………………………………………最大照度（15）maximum permissable spacing height ratio of luminaire…………灯具最大允许距离高比（16）median life…………………………………………………………………………中值寿命（23）mercury (vapour) lamp……………………………………………………汞（蒸气）灯（19）mesopic vision……………………………………………………………………中间视觉（5）metal halide lamp……………………………………………………………金属卤化物灯（20）method of utilization factor, lumen method………………………利用系数法；流明法（17）middle angle luminaire………………………………………………………中照型灯具（25）minimum illuminance……………………………………………………………最小照度（15）minimum sunshine spacing…………………………………………………最小日照间距（34）mixed lighting……………………………………………………………………混合照明（11）mixed reflection…………………………………………………………………混合反射（35）mixed transmission………………………………………………………………混合透射（36）moisture-proof lampholder………………………………………………………防潮灯座（22）monochromatic radiation…………………………………………………………单色辐射（3）mounting height of luminaire………………………………………………灯具安装高度（16）Nnarrow angle luminaire………………………………………………………深照型灯具（25）neon tubing…………………………………………………………………………霓虹灯（20）non-cut-off luminaire………………………………………………………非截光型灯具（28）normal illuminance………………………………………………………………法向照度（15）mormal lighting…………………………………………………………………正常照明（11）Oobject colour………………………………………………………………………物体色（8）obstracle lighting……………………………………………………………障碍照明（12）obstruction……………………………………………………………………天空遮挡物（32）on-duty lighting…………………………………………………………………值班照明（12）opal lamp………………………………………………………………………乳白灯泡（18）optical bench………………………………………………………………光具座；测光导轨（37）optical radiation…………………………………………………………………光学辐射（2）ordianry luminaire………………………………………………………………普通灯具（26）orientation coefficient of clear sky…………………………………………晴天方向系数（33）继续灯具英语词汇P-SPpendant luminaire……………………………………………………………悬吊式灯具（27）(perceived) colour………………………………………………………（知觉）色，颜色（7）perfect reflecting diffuser…………………………………………………理想漫反射体（36）perfect transmitting diffuser………………………………………………理想漫透射体（36）permanent supplementary artificial lighting ………………………………………………………………………常设辅助人工照明（11）photocell…………………………………………………………………………光电池（38）photometry…………………………………………………………………………光测量（37）photopic vision………………………………………………………………………明视觉（5）pin cap…………………………………………………………………………插脚式灯头（22）point light source……………………………………………………………………点光源（16）point method………………………………………………………………………逐点法（17）portable luminaie………………………………………………………………可移式灯具（27）possible sunshine duration (at a particular locationg)…………………………………………………………可照明间（某一特定地点）（34）power per unit area…………………………………………………………单位面积功率（17）prefocus lamp……………………………………………………………………聚光灯泡（18）preheat start fluorescent lamp………………………………………预热启动式荧光灯（21）projector…………………………………………………………………………投光灯（27）protected luminaire…………………………………………………………防护型灯具（26）protective glass………………………………………………………………保护玻璃（29）QQuick start fluorescent lamp ……………………………………………快速启动式荧光灯（21）Rradiant flux………………………………………………………………………辐射通量（3）rated current……………………………………………………………………额定电流（24）rated luminous flux (of a type of lamp) ……………………………………………………………………（灯的）额定光通量（23）rated power (of a type of lamp) ……………………………………（灯的）额定功率（22）rated voltage…………………………………………………………………额定电压（23）ratio of glazing to floor area…………………………………………………窗地面积比（32）recessed luminaire……………………………………………………………嵌入式灯具（27）reference surface…………………………………………………………………参考平面reflectance…………………………………………………………………………反射比reflected (global) solar radiation ……………………………………………………………反射（总）日辐射（30）reflection………………………………………………………………………………反射reflectometer………………………………………………………………………反射计reflector……………………………………………………………………………反射器reflector lamp…………………………………………………………………反射型灯泡refraction………………………………………………………………………………折射refractor……………………………………………………………………………折射器regular reflectance……………………………………………………………规则反射比regular reflection, specular reflection …………………………………………………………………规则反射；镜面反射（35）regular transmission, direct transmission…………………………规则透射；直接透射（35）regular transmittance…………………………………………………………规则透射比（37）relative spectral distribution…………………………………………………相对光谱分布（3）relative sunshine duration…………………………………………………………日照率（34）retror eflection………………………………………………………………………逆反射（37）reflector type high pressure mercury (vapour) lamp …………………………………………………………………反射型高压汞（蒸气）灯（19）re-starting time…………………………………………………………………再启动时间（24）rise and fall pendant luminare……………………………………………升降悬吊式灯具road lighting…………………………………………………………………道路照明room cavity ratio……………………………………………………………………室空间比room index………………………………………………………………………室形指数rotationally symmetrical luminous intensity distribution ……………………………………………………………………旋转对称光强分布Ssafety lighting……………………………………………………………………安全照明scotopic vision………………………………………………………………………暗视觉screw cap………………………………………………………………………螺口式灯头sealed beam lamp………………………………………………………封闭型光束灯泡searchlight………………………………………………………………………探照灯security lighting…………………………………………………………………警卫照明self-ballasted fluorescent high pressure mercury (vapour) lamp………………………………………………………自镇流荧光高压汞（蒸气）灯semi-cut-off luminaire………………………………………………………半截光型灯具semi-direct lighting…………………………………………………………半直接照明semi-direct luminaire…………………………………………………………半直接型灯具semi-high mast lighting………………………………………………………半高杆照明semi-indirect lighting…………………………………………………………半间接照明semi-indirect luminaire………………………………………………………半间接型灯具shielding angle…………………………………………………………………遮光角skylight…………………………………………………………………天空（漫射）光sky component of daylight factor………………………………采光系数的天空光分量（32）sodium (vapour) lamp………………………………………………………钠（蒸气）灯solar radiation………………………………………………………………………日辐射spacing height ratio of luminaire……………………………………………灯具距高比spacing iso-illuminance curve…………………………………………空间等照度曲线spacingof luminaire………………………………………………………………灯具间距spe cial colour rendering index…………………………………………………特殊显色指数spectrial concentration, spectral distribution …………………………………………………………光谱（密）集度；光谱分布spectral line…………………………………………………………………………谱线spectral luminous effciency……………………………………………光谱光（视）效率spectrophotometer…………………………………………光谱光度计；分光光度计spectrum………………………………………………………………………………光谱spotlight……………………………………………………………………聚光灯，射灯spotlighting………………………………………………………………………重点照明starter………………………………………………………………………………启动器stand-by lighting…………………………………………………………………备用照明starting time………………………………………………………………………启动时间starting current…………………………………………………………………启动电流starting voltage……………………………………………………………………启动电压straight tubular fluorescent lamp………………………………………………直管形荧光灯stroboscopic effect………………………………………………………………频闪效应sunlight……………………………………………………………………阳光；直射日光sunshine duration………………………………………………………………日照明间sunshine on building……………………………………………………………建筑日照sunshine spacing………………………………………………………………日照间距surface colour………………………………………………………………………表面色symmetrical (asymmetrical) luminaire…………………对称配光型（非对称配光型）灯具sym metrical luminous intensity distribution………………………………对称光强分布继续灯具英语词汇T-XTtable lamp……………………………………………………………………………台灯three-band fluorescent lamp………………………………………………三基色荧光灯total cloud amount……………………………………………………………………总云量total flux………………………………………………………………………总光通量total power (of a type of lamp) …………………………………………（灯的）全功率total transmittance of daylighting…………………………………………采光的总透射比transmission…………………………………………………………………………透射transmittance………………………………………………………………………透射比tungsten halogen lamp………………………………………………………………卤钨灯tubular incandescent lamp……………………………………………………管形白炽灯泡Uultraviolet radiation……………………………………………………………紫外辐射underwater luminaire……………………………………………………………水下灯具unif ormity of daylighting………………………………………………………采光均匀度uniformity ratio of illuminance………………………………………………照度均匀度upward flux……………………………………………………………………上半球光通量utilization factor…………………………………………………………………利用系数Vvacuum lamp……………………………………………………………………真空灯泡veiling reflectio n…………………………………………………………………光幕反射vertical illuminance……………………………………………………………垂直面照度vibration service lamp……………………………………………………………耐震灯泡visibility………………………………………………………………………………可见度visible radiation………………………………………………………………………可见辐射vision………………………………………………………………………………………视觉visual acuity………………………………………………………………视力；视觉敏税度visual adaptation……………………………………………………………………视觉适应visual angle……………………………………………………………………………视角visual environment………………………………………………………………视觉环境visual field……………………………………………………………………………视野visual performanc e………………………………………………………………视觉功效visual task…………………………………………………………………………视觉作业Wwall luminaire…………………………………………………………………………壁灯warm colour………………………………………………………………………………暖色warm white fluorescent lamp…………………………………………………暖白色荧光灯water-proof luminaire………………………………………………………………防水灯具water-tight luminaire……………………………………………………………水密型灯具white coating lamp…………………………………………………………………涂白灯泡wide angle luminaire……………………………………………………………广照型灯具working plane…………………………………………………………………………工作面Xxenon lamp……………………………………………………………………………氙灯。
焊接工艺方法代号(中英文对照)
DCEP 直流正接,DCEN 直流反接焊接代号ﻫＡW——ARC WＥLDING——电弧焊ﻫAHＷ——ａtomic hyｄrogｅn welding——原子氢焊BＭAW－—baｒｅmｅtaｌａrｃｗeldｉnｇ-—无保护金属丝电弧焊ﻫCAW—-caｒbｏn arc ｗelｄing-—碳弧焊CAW－G——ｇaｓcａｒbｏn aｒc welｄinｇ—-气保护碳弧焊CAW—S——shielded carbonａrc welｄing—-有保护碳弧焊CAW－T——ｔwin carｂｏn arc wｅlｄiｎg——双碳极间电弧焊EGW-—ｅｌｅctroｇａｓweｌding——气电立焊ﻫFCAW——fｌux cored aｒc ｗelｄing—-药芯焊丝电弧焊ﻫFCW-G－-gaｓ-shiｅｌdｅd flux cored ａrc weｌding——气保护药芯焊丝电弧焊FCＷ—S—-selｆ—sｈｉeｌｄed fｌｕx cｏreｄarc wｅlding——自保护药芯焊丝电弧焊ﻫGMAW——ｇas meｔａl arc ｗelding——熔化极气体保护电弧焊GＭAW-Ｐ——pulsed arc——熔化极气体保护脉冲电弧焊ﻫGＭAW—S——sｈorｔｃircuｉtｉｎｇarc——熔化极气体保护短路过度电弧焊ＧTAW——ｇas tunｇｓｔen arc welding——钨极气体保护电弧焊ﻫGTAW—P－—pulｓed aｒc--钨极气体保护脉冲电弧焊ﻫMＩAＷ-—maｇnetically iｍｐｅｌleｄarc ｗｅｌdinｇ--磁推力电弧焊ﻫPA Ｗ——plａsma aｒｃweldｉng——等离子弧焊SＭＡW——shielｄeｄmetal aｒc welding-—焊条电弧焊SW—-stuｄarc wｅlding——螺栓电弧焊ﻫSAＷ——ｓubｍeｒged ａrc weldｉng——埋弧焊ﻫＳAW—S——serｉes——横列双丝埋弧焊ﻫＲW——RＷＳISTANCE WEＬＤＩNG—-电阻焊ﻫFW——flash wｅlding—－闪光焊ﻫRW－PC——presｓｕre ｃonｔroｌlｅｄｒesiｓｔancｅwelｄing——压力控制电阻焊ﻫＰW—-ｐrojecｔioｎweｌdｉng——凸焊ﻫＲSEＷ——ｒesｉstancｅseam welding－-电阻缝焊RSEW-HF——ｈｉｇh—frequencｙseaｍwｅlｄiｎｇ——高频电阻缝焊ﻫRSEW-I——inductiｏｎsｅaｍwelding-—感应电阻缝焊ﻫRSEＷ—MS——ｍaｓｈsｅam wｅｌdｉｎg——压平缝焊ﻫRSW——reｓistance ｓpot welding-—点焊ﻫUW——upseｔweld ｉnｇ--电阻对焊ﻫUW—HF——hiｇｈ-ｆreｑuenｃy -—高频电阻对焊ﻫUW－I——iｎdｕctioｎ——感应电阻对焊ﻫSSW——ＳOLIＤＳTATEＷELＤIＮG—-固态焊CEＷ——co-exｔｒuｓion welding—- ﻫCW-—coｌd weｌding-—冷压焊ＤFW—-diffuｓion wｅldinｇ——扩散焊ＨＩPW-—hｏt isｏstatｉc ｐｒeｓsuｒe diffusiｏn wｅｌding——热等静压扩散焊EXW——explosｉon ｗｅldｉng——爆炸焊ﻫFOW——forgｅweldinｇ--锻焊ＦＲW——fｒictｉon wｅldinｇ——摩擦焊ﻫFRW-DＤ——dｉreｃｔdrｉve fｒｉｃtｉｏｎwelｄｉng——径向摩擦焊FSW—-ｆrictioｎsｔir wｅｌding——搅拌摩擦焊FRＷ-Ｉ——inertia ｆriｃtiｏｎｗelｄiｎｇ—-惯性摩擦焊ﻫHP Ｗ——hｏt pｒessurｅweｌdiｎg——热压焊ROW-—ｒoｌｌweｌｄing——热轧焊ﻫUＳW——ultrａsoｎｉｃwelｄing—-超声波焊ﻫS—－ＳOLDEＲING——软钎焊DS——dｉp sｏlderiｎg——浸沾钎焊ﻫFＳ—-furnace sｏldering——炉中钎焊ﻫIＳ－—indｕｃｔion ｓolｄｅｒing－-感应钎焊ﻫIＲS-—ｉnｆrareｄsｏｌderｉnｇ-—红外钎焊ﻫINＳ——ｉrｏｎsoldeｒinｇ——烙铁钎焊RＳ——reｓistaｎｃe solderinｇ——电阻钎焊ﻫTＳ——tｏrｃh sol ｄｅｒinｇ-—火焰钎焊ﻫＵUＳ—-ulｔrasonic sｏｌdering-—超声波钎焊WS——ｗave ｓoｌdｅｒing——波峰钎焊ﻫＢ——BRAＺＩNG—-软钎焊BB——blocｋbraｚing—-块钎焊ﻫDFB——ｄifｆusiｏn ｂrazinｇ-—扩散焊ﻫDＢ—-dip brａzing——浸沾钎焊EXB－—exotherｍic brａziｎg——反应钎焊FB－－furｎａce brａzing—-炉中钎焊IＢ-—induction ｂrazｉnｇ—-感应钎焊IＲＢ-—infrａｒed brazｉng——红外钎焊ﻫＲB——rｅsｉｓtancｅbraｚｉnｇ——电阻钎焊ﻫTB——torch bｒazing——火焰钎焊ﻫTCＡB——twｉn carbon ａrc brａzinｇ—-双碳弧钎焊OFW-—OXYFUEＬＧAS WELDING——气焊ﻫＡＡW—-ａiｒ-ac ｅｔyleｎe welding——空气乙炔焊OAW－-ｏxy-aceｔｙlenｅｗeｌdiｎg——氧乙炔焊ﻫOHＷ——oxy—hyｄrｏgｅn wｅｌding——氢氧焊PGW—-ｐｒeｓsｕre gａs weldiｎg——气压焊ﻫOTHER WELDＩNG ANＤJOINING——其他焊接与连接方法AB－—aｄhesive boｎding—-粘接ﻫBＷ-—bｒaze wｅlding——钎接焊ﻫＡBW——arc ｂraze weldｉｎｇ－—电弧钎焊CABW-—ｃarboｎaｒc braｚｅwｅｌding——碳弧钎焊ＥBBW——electｒoｎbeａm braze welｄing－—电子束钎焊EＸBW——ｅxｏtｈeｒｍic brazｅweｌdiｎg－—热反应钎焊ﻫFLB——ｆlow ｂrazｉｎg——波峰钎焊ﻫFLOW——floｗｗeｌdi ｎg——波峰焊LBBW——laｓer bｅam brazｅwelｄｉng—-激光钎焊ﻫEBＷ-—ｅlectｒonｂｅam welｄｉｎｇ——电子束焊EBW-HV－-hｉgh ｖacuuｍ-—高真空电子束焊EBW-MV——mｅｄiuｍvacuｕm——中真空电子束焊ﻫEＢW-NV-—non ｖａcuuｍ——非真空电子束焊EＳW——eｌｅｃtroslag weｌｄｉng-—电渣焊ﻫＥSW-CG－-ｃonsumable guｉde eｌetroslaｇwｅｌding—-熔嘴电渣焊IW-—iｎdｕｃtioｎweｌding－—感应焊LBＷ-—laｓeｒbｅam weldiｎg——激光焊PEW—-ｐｅrcuｓｓioｎwｅldｉｎg——冲击电阻焊ﻫTＷ-—thermi ｔｗelding—－热剂焊THＳP——THＥRMAL ＳPRAＹING-—热喷涂ﻫＡSP——ａrcsprayｉng——电弧喷涂FLSP——fｌame ｓprａｙing——火焰喷涂ﻫFＬSP-Ｗ－-wirｅｆl ａmeｓprａyinｇ——丝材火焰喷涂ﻫHＶOF-—ｈigh vｅlocity oxyｆuel spraying-—高速氧燃气喷涂ﻫPSP——plasｍa sｐraying——等离子喷涂ﻫVPSP-W-—ｖacuum plaｓma spraying—-真空等离子喷涂ﻫTC——THERMＡL CＵTＴING——热切割ＯＣ——OＸYGEN CＵTＴING——气割ﻫOC—Ｆ——flux cuｔting——熔剂切割ﻫOC-P——meｔａｌpowｄｅr cｕｔting-—金属熔剂切割ﻫＯＦC——oxyｆueｌgａｓcuｔｔｉng—-氧燃气切割CFC—Ａ——oｘyaｃｅtｙlene ｃuttinｇ－-氧乙炔切割ﻫCＦC—H——oxyhydrogｅｎcutting——氢氧切割ﻫＣＦＣ—Ｎ-—oｘynaturａl gａs cuttiｎg－-氧天然气切割ﻫCFＣ—Ｐ——oxypropanneｃuｔtiｎg—-氧丙酮切割ﻫOAC——ｏｘygen ar ｃｃｕｔting——氧气电弧切割OＧ——oxyｇen goｕginｇ-—气刨ﻫＯLC--oxｙgeｎlancｅｃutt ｉｎg--氧矛切割AC——ＡRC ＣＵTTIＮG——电弧切割CAC—－cａrbｏn ａrc cｕｔtinｇ——碳弧切割CAC—Ａ—-ａｉr carbｏn ａｒc ｃｕttｉng-－空气碳弧切割GMAＣ—-ｇａs metａl aｒc cutｔing——熔化极气体保护电弧切割ﻫGTAC-—gａs tungｓtｅn arｃcuttｉng--钨极气体保护电弧切割ﻫPAＣ—-ｐlａsma arｃcuttｉng——等离子弧切割ﻫSMAC——shieldedｍeｔalａrc cutｔing－—焊条电弧切割ﻫHIGH ENEＲGY BEＡM ＣＵTＴINＧ——高能束切割EBＣ—-eleｃｔrｏn bｅaｍcｕtting－—电子束切割ﻫLBC——la ｓer beam cutting—-激光切割LBC－Ａ--aｉｒ——空气激光切割LBＣ—EV——evａpｏraｔｉve——蒸气激光切割LBＣ－IＧ——ｉnert gａs——惰性气体激光切割ﻫＬBＣ-Ｏ—-oｘｙgen——氧气激光切割。
多载波汇聚技术在超长距离海陆微波上的应用
现代电子技术Modern Electronics TechniqueDec. 2023Vol. 46 No. 242023年12月15日第46卷第24期我国的海洋油气资源储量丰富，为国民经济提供重要的能源保障。
而那些远离陆地的海上油气田由于其所处地理环境的特殊性，无法使用任何运营商的网络资源，其与陆地间的通信只能依靠海事卫星系统或超长距离海陆微波系统。
随着通信技术的不断发展，越来越多传统通信技术经过改进后被用于海上油气田。
现阶段，各海上油气田已经由海事卫星、超长距离微波等传统通信手段联合组建起计算机网络，为海上设施上的用户提供了互联网访问、生产和生活数据的采集与传输、CCTV 监控视频传输、海上人员和设施安全保障等多种通信服务。
但随着传输回陆地的实时数据越来越多，需要以高质量的基础通信作为保障成为了最迫切的需求。
1 传统超长距离海陆微波系统1.1 超远距离对传统微波系统的影响电磁波传输时总是以自由空间传播模型为参考，预测当收发机之间没有任何阻挡时的接收信号强度。
自DOI ：10.16652/j.issn.1004‐373x.2023.24.021引用格式：杨晋宁，车永辉，许贺.多载波汇聚技术在超长距离海陆微波上的应用[J].现代电子技术，2023，46（24）：121‐125.多载波汇聚技术在超长距离海陆微波上的应用杨晋宁， 车永辉， 许 贺（中海石油（中国）有限公司深圳分公司， 广东 深圳 518067）摘 要： 提出一种多载波物理层链路汇聚自适应带宽控制技术（MC‐ABC ）的超长距离海陆微波系统，并在陆地和海洋各选取一个地点进行安装。
经过实际现场安装测试结果证实，该系统能成功地解决海上石油勘探、开发领域在使用超长距离海陆微波系统进行信号传输时，存在的由多径反射和折射造成的信号深度衰减问题，并且能大幅度提升海上油气田现有计算机网络的通信带宽和使用效率。
相比传统微波通信技术，所设计的多载波链路汇聚的超长距离海陆微波系统具有传输距离远、可靠性高、传输带宽大、网络延时小、使用效率高等优点，在实际测试中取得了良好的效果，此应用在国内海洋石油勘探开发领域尚属首次。
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150KG Line-Frequency Cored Induction Furnaces(90KW)
Application
150 KG line-frequency cored induction furnace is mainly used sand mold, iron mold, cropper mold casting and mold casting made by manipulator. It has the function of stable performance, easy operation, less investment, high efficiency and energy saving, which is the best choice to sanitary and plumbing ware manufacturer.
Main specification and technical parameter
Rated power: 45 kw × 2
Rated voltage: AC 380V
Maximum melting temperature: 1100 degree
Furnace channel amount: 1 PCS × 2
Cooling method: Water-cooling
Furnace transformer capacity: 50KCA 380VAC per set
Rated input current: About 90A per set
Furnace weight: About 2000 kg
Inner diameter of furnace: 400× 300× 400 (can be changed as per actual requirement )
Furnace capacity: 400 kg copper water × 2 chambers
Melting rate: 150 kg/hour per sensor
Power consumption rate: 0.3kwh per kg
Cooling water pressure: 1.5~2.5 kg per square centimeter
Cooling water amount: About 200L per hour
After-sale service
In the meantime, we own strong administrant and technical teams to ensure that our innovation and
improvement ability can keep up with changeable market requirements. In order to satisfy our customers better, we can also make machines according to our customers' specific needs.
Our after-sale service is prompt and patient. Once you place an order, we are willing to give you support in installment and labor training. During the production period, if you meet any problems that you are not able to deal with, you could contact us. We will try our best to help.。