english culture--7-18th poetry
英美文学考试题
英美文学考试题英国文学习题与练习Week 2 Early and Medieval English LiteratureReference Questions:1. Who were the earliest settlers of Britton/England? What do you know about them (home, language, belief, life style)?2. What are the 3 conquests? What effects they had upon the nation?3. Ideologically what is the most significant change in people’s spiritual life?4. How was the nation developed politically or what changes were there in the form of the social structure?5. In terms of literature, what influence had the French upon England?6. How many languages were spoken during the French reign? How do you understand modern English as a language?7. What was the essence of Christian doctrine preached at the time? Was there any ignoble reason behind it?8. Why was the Middle Ages known as the Dark Ages?9. What was the form of literature at the time? What features does it have? 10. What are the 3 periods/stages of Chaucer’s literary career?11. In what way do we call Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales the first work of English literature?Text study: Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales (6-7)1. What is image of the nun?2. Is she favorably and admirably or satirically portrayed? How?3. What figures of speech are used? Week 3 Renaissance (1)Reference questions:1. What is Renaissance? How and why did it come about?2. What is the development of drama? What were the original forms and content and practice of drama?3. Why did drama flourish in Elizabethan age? Who are the major playwrights of the time?4. Who is Marlowe? What contributions did he make to English drama?5. Who is Shakespeare? What famous and great plays (history, comedy, tragedy)? What features?6. What did Ben Jonson write about? What representative work?7. Prepare the excerpt from Hamlet (31-32). What is it mainly about? What humanist idea can you find in the soliloquy?8. What was the most important translation of the time?Week 4 Renaissance (2)Reference questions on Shakespeare and Hamlet: 1. Why is Shakespeare an eternal subject of study? Where lies his greatness? 2. What are the themes of Hamlet?3. What is the significance of Hamlet as a character?4. What is blank verse?5. What is soliloquy?Text study Hamlet’s soliloquy “To be or not to be” (31-32)1. What is the main idea of Hamlet’s soliloquy? Summarize in one or two sentences the main idea of the soliloquy?2. How does the soliloquy reflect the spirit of the time or the idea of humanism?3. How do you analyze Hamlet’s argument in terms of structure?Week 5 Renaissance (3)Questions for Renaissance poetry and prose:1. Who was thought to be the greatest English poet since Chaucer? What is his representative work? What are the features of this poem?2. What new forms (rhyme—blank verse, stanza--sonnet) of poetry were introduced into England? By whom?3. Who were the famous sonneteers of the time?4. How do you tell an Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet from an English (a Shakespearean) one?5. How many sonnets did Shakespeare write? What are the major subjects?6. Who were the two major prose writers? What is Utopia? Where do you think More possibly got the idea or was it all his own invention? How do you interpret the title of the book?7. What contribution did Bacon make to the English system of thinking and learning?8. What’s the purpose of his Essays?9. Based on your reading of his work, give your personal impression of/comment onhis Essays?10. The English Renaissance period is known for its translations. What are the most important translations of this age?Text studyQuestions on Sonnet 18 by Shakespeare (58): 1. What is the English sonnet form? Study the metrical and rhyme scheme as well as the structure?2. What’s the main idea? Is it really about love? What is peculiar of this love poem?3. What figures of speech are used?Questions on “Of Studies” by F. Bacon (52-53):1. How do you define the style?2. Study the essay by comparing the English version with the translation of Mr Wang. How do you like the Chinese version?3. Paraphrase and comment on sentences 1-6, 10-12.Week 6 Revolution and RestorationReference questions:1. What was the most important social event during the mid-17th century?2. What were the two most popular forms of lyric?3. Why is Milton the greatest poet of the period? What is the significance of Paradise Lost?Text study: Paradise Lost by John Milton (67-68)1. What is the historical background of the work?2. As a transitional writer, how does Milton combine his humanistic ideas with his Puritan ideas?3. What is the image and the significance of Satanin the two extracts? 4. What philosophy can we get from the text?Week 7 18th century Enlightenment(1)Questions:1. What was the most important intellectual event of the time?2. The 18th century is called an age of the bourgeoisie. Why? And what effect it had on literature of the century?3. Why did English novel appear in this century?4. What are the major forms of literature?5. What have neo-classicism and realism got to do with the Enlightenment Movement?6. Why did literature of Sentimentality and Gothicism come into being in the latter part of thecentury?Text study: J. Swift’s “A Modest Proposal”(81-89) 1. How do you describe the narrator’s tone?2. What or who are the targets of Swift’s mockery?3. Is the proposal modest? Prove your point.Week 8 18th century Enlightenment(2)Text study:An Essay on Man by A. Pope (89-90) 1. What is heroic couplet? 2. What is the poetic pattern?3. What are the themes of the two extracts?4. Paraphrase the texts or tell in brief your interpretation.“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” by Thomas Gray (91-92) 1. What do you know of the Graveyard poetry? 2. What is the poetic pattern?3. What is the predominant mood?4. What is the theme ?5. Summarize each stanza in your own words.Week 9 19th-century Romanticism (1)Questions:1. How is the period defined in time?2. What was the historical background, politically,economically and ideologically? 3. What was the predominant genre of literature? Who were the important writers of the time?4. In what way was romanticist literature different from that of neoclassicism in the 18th century, such as in form, guiding principle, subject matter, purpose, style, etc.?Text study: “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by Wordsworth (103) 1. What is the theme?2. What is the predominant image?3. How does it reflect the poet’s idea of romantic poetry?4. What is the poetic pattern?5. Paraphrase each stanza in one sentence.Week 10 19th-century Romanticism (2)Text study:“The World Is Too Much with Us” by Wordsworth (116-7) 1. What is the theme, the meaning, of the first line? 2. What romantic ideas does it advocate? 3. What type of sonnet form it is?4. What romantic spirit does it represent?5. Paraphrase the poem in your own words.“Ode on a Grecian Urn” by John Keats (109-110)1. What is the theme of the poem?2. What is the rhyme scheme?3. What romantic feature does the poem reflect?4. Summarize each stanza in one or two sentences. Week 11 Victorian Literature (1)Questions:1. What is the historical background politically, economically and ideologically?2. What is the predominant form of literature during this period?3. Who are the representative writers? And what was the literary tendency?4. What changes came about towards the end of the century?Week 12-13 Victorian Literature (2)(3)英国文学习题与练习Week 2 Early and Medieval English Literature Reference Questions:1. Who were the earliest settlers of Britton/England? What do you know about them (home, language, belief, life style)?2. What are the 3 conquests? What effects they hadupon the nation?3. Ideologically what is the most significant change in people’s spiritual life?4. How was the nation developed politically or what changes were there in the form of the social structure?5. In terms of literature, what influence had the French upon England?6. How many languages were spoken during the French reign? How do you understand modern English as a language?7. What was the essence of Christian doctrine preached at the time? Was there any ignoble reason behind it?8. Why was the Middle Ages known as the Dark Ages?9. What was the form of literature at the time? What features does it have? 10. What are the 3 periods/stages of Chaucer’s literary career?11. In what way do we call Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales the first work of English literature?Text study: Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales (6-7)1. What is image of the nun?2. Is she favorably and admirably or satiricallyportrayed? How? 3. What figures of speech are used? Week 3 Renaissance (1)Reference questions:1. What is Renaissance? How and why did it come about?2. What is the development of drama? What were the original forms and content and practice of drama?3. Why did drama flourish in Elizabethan age? Who are the major playwrights of the time?4. Who is Marlowe? What contributions did he make to English drama?5. Who is Shakespeare? What famous and great plays (history, comedy, tragedy)? What features?6. What did Ben Jonson write about? What representative work?7. Prepare the excerpt from Hamlet (31-32). What is it mainly about? What humanist idea can you find in the soliloquy?8. What was the most important translation of the time?Week 4 Renaissance (2)Reference questions on Shakespeare and Hamlet:1. Why is Shakespeare an eternal subject of study? Where lies his greatness?2. What are the themes of Hamlet?3. What is the significance of Hamlet as a character?4. What is blank verse?5. What is soliloquy?Text study Hamlet’s soliloquy “To be or not to be” (31-32)1. What is the main idea of Hamlet’s soliloquy? Summarize in one or two sentences the main idea of the soliloquy?2. How does the soliloquy reflect the spirit of the time or the idea of humanism?3. How do you analyze Hamlet’s argument in terms of structure?Week 5 Renaissance (3)Questions for Renaissance poetry and prose:1. Who was thought to be the greatest English poet since Chaucer? What is his representative work? What are the features of this poem?2. What new forms (rhyme—blank verse, stanza--sonnet) of poetry were introduced into England? By whom?3. Who were the famous sonneteers of the time?4. How do you tell an Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet from an English (a Shakespearean) one?5. How many sonnets did Shakespeare write? What are the major subjects?6. Who were the two major prose writers? What is Utopia? Where do you think More possibly got the idea or was it all his own invention? How do you interpret the title of the book?7. What contribution did Bacon make to the English system of thinking and learning?8. What’s the purpose of his Essays?9. Based on your reading of his work, give your personal impression of/comment onhis Essays?10. The English Renaissance period is known for its translations. What are the most important translations of this age?Text studyQuestions on Sonnet 18 by Shakespeare (58): 1. What is the English sonnet form? Study the metrical and rhyme scheme as well as the structure?2. What’s the main idea? Is it really about love?What is peculiar of this love poem? 3. What figures of speech are used?Questions on “Of Studies” by F. Bacon (52-53):1. How do you define the style?2. Study the essay by comparing the English version with the translation of Mr Wang. How do you like the Chinese version?3. Paraphrase and comment on sentences1-6, 10-12.Week 6 Revolution and RestorationReference questions:1. What was the most important social event during the mid-17th century?2. What were the two most popular forms of lyric?3. Why is Milton the greatest poet of the period? What is the significance of Paradise Lost?Text study: Paradise Lost by John Milton (67-68)1. What is the historical background of the work?2. As a transitional writer, how does Milton combine his humanistic ideas with his Puritan ideas?3. What is the image and the significance of Satanin the two extracts? 4. What philosophy can we get from the text?Week 7 18th century Enlightenment(1)Questions:1. What was the most important intellectual event of the time?2. The 18th century is called an age of the bourgeoisie. Why? And what effect it had on literature of the century?3. Why did English novel appear in this century?4. What are the major forms of literature?5. What have neo-classicism and realism got to do with the Enlightenment Movement?6. Why did literature of Sentimentality and Gothicism come into being in the latter part of the century?Text study: J. Swift’s “A Modest Proposal”(81-89) 1. How do you describe the narrator’s tone?2. What or who are the targets of Swift’s mockery?3. Is the proposal modest? Prove your point.Week 8 18th century Enlightenment(2)Text study:An Essay on Man by A. Pope (89-90) 1. What is heroic couplet? 2. What is the poetic pattern?3. What are the themes of the two extracts?4. Paraphrase the texts or tell in brief your interpretation.“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” by Thomas Gray (91-92) 1. What do you know of the Graveyard poetry? 2. What is the poetic pattern?3. What is the predominant mood?4. What is the theme ?5. Summarize each stanza in your own words. Week 9 19th-century Romanticism (1)Questions:1. How is the period defined in time?2. What was the historical background, politically, economically and ideologically?3. What was the predominant genre of literature? Who were the important writers of the time?4. In what way was romanticist literature different from that of neoclassicism in the 18th century, such as in form, guiding principle, subject matter, purpose, style, etc.?Text study: “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by Wordsworth (103) 1. What is the theme?2. What is the predominant image?3. How does it reflect the poet’s idea of romantic poetry?4. What is the poetic pattern?5. Paraphrase each stanza in one sentence.Week 10 19th-century Romanticism (2)Text study:“The World Is Too Much with Us” by Wordsworth (116-7) 1. What is the theme, the meaning, of the first line? 2. What romantic ideas does it advocate? 3. What type of sonnet form it is?4. What romantic spirit does it represent?5. Paraphrase the poem in your own words.“Ode on a Grecian Urn” by John Keats (109-110) 1. What is the theme of the poem? 2. What is the rhyme scheme?3. What romantic feature does the poem reflect?4. Summarize each stanza in one or two sentences.Week 11 Victorian Literature (1)Questions:1. What is the historical background politically, economically and ideologically?2. What is the predominant form of literature during this period?3. Who are the representative writers? And what was the literary tendency?4. What changes came about towards the end of the century?Week 12-13 Victorian Literature (2)(3)。
英美文学简介
Poet: John Donne (playwright , essayist, founder of metaphysical school‖ 玄学派 ): ― The Flea‖ The Metaphysical poets --- 17th century poets whose work was characterized by intellectual wit and ingenuity, esp. the use of elaborate figures of speech . The author of “The Flea” was the representative of _________ poets. A. religious B. romantic C. metaphysical D. realistic
When spring showers of April fall and shoot Down through the drought of March to pierce the root
When spring/ showers / of A/ pril fall / and shoot Down through /the drought /of March /to pierce /the root
Daniel Defoe is a famous __________.
A. poet C. playwright B. novelist D. essayist
英国文学
英国文学主要分为六个时期一Old and Medieval English Literature（中古英国文学）。
Old English: 450-1066头韵体诗歌（alliteration）<Beowulf>《贝奥武甫》the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsMedieval English：1066-14世纪中期1、Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟：英国诗歌之父t he father of English poetry<The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集首创英雄双韵体first time to use 'heroic couplet'2、William Langland 威廉·兰格伦：< Piers the Plowman>《农夫皮尔斯》二The Renaissance Period（文艺复兴时期（伊丽莎白时代）14-16世纪，始于意大利，核心是人文主义Humanism）Most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson1、Thomas More-Utopia 托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》2、Edmund Spenser: 埃德蒙·斯宾塞被人称为the poets' poet “诗人中的诗人”代表作《仙后》（The Farie Queene）被誉为英国文艺复兴时期―最杰出的史诗‖。
他的诗歌包含了民族主义（nationalism）、人文主义（humanism）和清教徒主义（puritanism）等思想。
Spenserian stanza斯宾塞诗节：在其代表作《仙后》(The Faerie Queene)中首先使用这种诗体，遂以他的名字命名作品：<The Shepherdes Calender>牧羊人日历<The Faerie Queene>仙后3、Christopher Marlowe克里斯托夫·马洛– representative of ―University Wits‖, the pioneer of English drama英国戏剧先驱马洛是“大学才子派”―University Wits‖中最杰出的剧作家在英国文学中，素体诗blank verse是在马洛手里成为英诗中最富有表现力和最雄伟的格律形式的。
英国文学诗歌著作
1 William WordsworthOne of the great English poets, he was a leader of the romantic movement in England.Assessment ：1.Wordsworth's personality and poetry were deeply influenced by his love of nature, especially by the sights and scenes of the Lake Country 。
2. Wordsworth's earlier work shows the poetic beauty of commonplace things and people as in "Margaret," "Peter Bell," "Michael," and "The Idiot Boy." His use of the language of ordinary speech was heavily criticized, but it helped to rid English poetry of the more artificial conventions of 18th-century diction. Among his other well-known poems are "Lucy" ("She dwelt among the untrodden ways"), "The Solitary Reaper," "Resolution and Independence," "Daffodils," "The Rainbow," and the sonnet "The World Is Too Much with Us." 3.He was criticized for the unevenness of his poetry , for his rather marked capacity for bathos, and for his transformation from an open-minded liberal to a cramped conservative. In recent years, however, Wordsworth has again been recognized as a great English poet : a profound, original thinker who created a new poetic tradition.I wandered lonely as a cloud独行徐徐如浮云，横绝太空渡山谷，忽然在我一瞥中，金色水仙花成簇，开在湖边乔木下， 微风之中频摇曳。
英国文学简史 4新古典主义(18世纪)
The Neoclassical Period （18th century）Definitions of literary terms英语081班汪志超51011080951) The Enlightenment MovementThe 18th-century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France & swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th & 16th centuries. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modem philosophical & artistic ideas. The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality, equality & science. They called for a reference to order, reason & rules & advocated universal education. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden, Alexander pope & so on.2) NeoclassicismIn England, neoclassicism is initiated by John Dryden, culminated in Alexander Pope and continued by Samuel Johnson. It was a reaction against the fire of passions that blazed in the later Renaissance. It found its literary artistic model in the classical literature of ancient Greek and Latin authors, such as Homer, Virgil, Horace. The neoclassicists have their artistic ideas: order, logic, symmetry, restraint, accuracy, good taste, good sense, decorum and so on. In drama, they follow the Three Unities closely.1Richard Steele(1672-1729) and Joseph Addison(1672-1719)The Tatler ; The Spectator (the earliest periodicals)2Samuel Johnson（1709-1784）Samuel Johnson, commonly called Dr. Johnson, was one of the greatest figures of 18th-century English literature. He was the last great neoclassicist enlightener in the late 18th century. He had a hand in all the different branches of literary activities. He was a poet, dramatist, prose romancer, biographer, essayist, critic, lexicographer & publicist.His major works :poems: "London", & "The vanity of Human Wishes"a romance: The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia ;a tragedy: Irenehundreds of essays in the two periodicals :The Rambler & The Idler;English dictionary :A Dictionary of the English Language传记文学双星：Life of Johnson by James Boswell,The Life of Charlotte Bronte by Elizabeth Cleghon Gaskell3Alexander pope（1688-1744）poetPope is one of the fore-most satirists in world literature as well as a great poet. Pope's mock-heroic poem The Rape of the Lock is one of the finest examples of English comic verse. As a representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England. He was the greatest poet of his time.His major works1). The Rape of the LockA delightful burlesque of epic poetry, it ridicules the manners of the English nobility. The poem isbased on an actual incident in which a young nobleman stole a lock of a lady's hair.2) An Essay on CriticismHis first important work, An Essay on Criticism was a long didactic poem in heroic couplets. In this work, he reflected the neo-classical spirit of the times by advocating good taste, common sense & the adherence to classical rules in writing & criticism. The whole poem is written in a plain style, hardly containing any imagery or eloquence &therefore makes easy reading.3）The DunciadGenerally considered Pope's best satiric work, The Dunciad goes deep in meaning & works at many levels. Its satire is directed at Dullness in general, & in the course of it all the literary men of the age. Poets mainly who had made Pope's enemies, are held up to ridicule. But the poem is not confined to personal attack. Dullness as reflected in the corruptness of government, social morals, education & even religion, is expertly exposed & satirized.The Realistic Novel:The mid-century was, however, predominated by a newly rising literary form, the modern English novel, which, contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people. This-the most significant phenomenon in the history of the development of English literature in the eighteenth century - is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution & a symbol of the growing importance & strength of the English of the growing importance & strength of the English middle class, Among the pioneers were Daniel Defoe ,Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne, Tobias George Smollett, & Oliver Goldsmith.1Daniel Defoe(1660-1731)He acquired a pure naked English—smooth, easy, almost colloquial. Yet never coarse. He loved short, crisp, plain sentences. There is nothing artificial in his language; it is really common English.作品：1）Pamphlet: The Trueborn Englishman—A Satire.(It contained a caustic exposure of the aristocracy and the tyranny of the church.)2)Novels:Robinson Crusoe(The character of Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie atthe earlier stage of its development.); Captain Singleton; Moll Flanders; Colonel Jacque2Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)He is an Irish. Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose. His language is simple, clear and vigorous. He said, “Proper words in proper places, makes the true definition of a style.” Swift is a master of satirist, and his irony is deadly. But his satire is masked by an outward gravity, and an apparent calmness conceals his bitter irony. This makes his satire all the more powerful, as shown in his Modest Proposal.作品：1）Two stories: A Tale of a Tub; The Battle of the Books(The two stories made him well-known as a satirist.)2) Novel:Gulliver’s Travels3) Pamphlets :The Drapier’s Letters; A Modest Proposal(Swift’s pamphlets in Ireland form avery important part of his works.)3Samuel Richardson(1689-1761)His main achievement as a novelist lies in his technique to show characters as personalities. Psychological analysis.作品：Pamela (The story is a told in a series of letters from the heroine, Pamela Andrews.书信体小说);Clarissa; Sir Charles Grandison.Pamela was a new thing in three ways:Firstly, it discarded the “improbable and marvellous”accomplishment of the former heroic romances, and pictured the life and love of ordinary people.Secondly, its intension was to afford not merely entertainment but also moral instruction. Thirdly, it described not only the sayings and doings of the characters but also their secret thoughts and feelings. It was, in fact, the first English psycho-analytical novel.4Henry Fielding(1707-1754)1)简介：As a novelist, Fielding is very great. He is the founder of the English realistic novel and sets up the theory of realism in literary.“Nature herself,” i.e., the exact observation and study of real life, was the basis of Fielding’s work. Byron, in a famous phrase, called Fielding “the prose Homer of Human Nature”. Fielding established once for all the form of the modern novel. His importance in the history of the novel is unique. He has been rightly call the “father of the English novel”.2）作品：Novels:①Joseph Andrews ②Jonathan Wild ③Tom Jones(流浪汉小说) ④AmeliaPicaresque Novel(流浪汉小说)is a popular sub-genre of prose fiction, which is usually satirical and depict in realistic and humorous details the adventures of a roguish hero of low social class, who lives by his or her wits in a corrupt society. The characteristic of it is loosely linked episodes, intrigue fights and adventures. The style of this novel originated in Spain and flourished in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, and continued to influence modern literature. In England, Tobias Smollett’s works, Daniel Defoe’s “Moll Flanders”, Fielding’s “Tom Jones”, and Charles Dickens’“Pickwick Papers” are considered to be picaresque novels. In modern America, Sawl Bellow’s “Adventure of Augie March”, Jack Kerouac’s “Dharma Bums” can be called picaresque novels. The Chinese “Journey to the Wrest” is considered to has considerable elements of picaresque.3）Some Features of Fielding’s Novels①Fielding’s method of Relating a Story: told directly by the author.②Satire in Fielding’s Novels. Satire sounds everywhere in Fielding’s works.③Fielding believed in the educational function of the novel.④Style. Fielding is a master of style. His style is easy, unlaboured and familiar, but extremely vivid and vigorous.5Tobias Smollett(1721-1771)He is a Scottish. He belonged to the realistic school.作品：Roderick Random, Peregrine Pickle, Humphry Clinker, History of England.6Laurence Sterne(1713-1768)He is a novelist of the sentimentalist school. He was born in Ireland.A Sentimental Journey.The drama of the 18th century was extensive, but very little of it has permanent or acting value. Only two men, Goldsmith and Sheridan, produced works which are of high literary quality and which are still remain their interest upon the stage.1Oliver Goldsmith(1730-1774)Goldsmith was a poet, novelist, dramatist and essayist, all combined in one person. He was born in Ireland.Comedies: The Good-Natured Man, She Stoops to Conquer2、Richard Brinsley Sheridan(1751-1816)was, like Goldsmith, an Irishman. His literary fame rests almost exclusively uponhis dramas. His dramas are sufficient to maintain his reputation as one of the most brilliant of English writers of Comedy.戏剧作品：①The Rivals, ②The School for Scandal（It gives a brilliant portrayal and a biting satire ofIn the first half of the 18 century, Pope was the leader of English poetry and the heroic couplet the fashion of poetry. But the middle of the century, however, sentimentalism gradually made its appearance.The appearance and development of sentimentalist poetry marks the midway in the transition from classicism to its opposite, Romanticism, in English poetry.Sentimentalism : It is a literary current started in the middle of 18th century. It is a part of the Pre-Romantic trend as reaction against the cold, logic rationalism that dominated people’s life and writing since the last decade of the 17th century. It appeared to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice. They believed that the effective emotions were the evidence of kindness and goodness. A ready sympathy and an inward pain for the misery of others became part of accepted social morality and ethics. Their words reveal a purely emotional approach to life on the part of the narrator. They formed the contrast of rationally composed novel. The most outstanding figure of this school was Laurence Stern who composed “Tristram Shandy”and “Sentimental Journey through France to Italy”. Samuel Richardson’s work also belong to this school because he used a lot of psychological analysis. Oliver Goldsmith’s work, especially “The Vicar of Wakefield”is of this time. Thomas Gray, a member of Graveyard school is a member of sentimental school, because Graveyard School is part of Sentimental School.1Laurence Sterne(1713-1768)He is a novelist of the sentimentalist school. He was born in Ireland.作品：Tristram Shandy, A Sentimental Journey.2Thomas Gray(1716-1771):作品：Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. （This is a poem full of the gentle melancholy which marks all early romantic poetry.）Graveyard School: is a term applied to the 18th century poets who wrote melancholy, reflective works, often set in graveyard, on the theme of human morality. The dominant imageries are graveyard, death and darkness. They are part of Sentimental School in the 18th century literature. Thomas Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” was the best known example for the time.Elegy: It is an ancient form of writing. Its tradition can be traced back to Greek. It is a kind of war song, the song that eulogizes the warring spirit, especially to celebrate the victory of the war and to lament upon the dead. Later, thiswriting is used for lamentation over one’s loss, one’s complaint, one’s unhappiness or things like that. In France, people sometimes use elegy for love lyric.3Oliver Goldsmith(1730-1774)Goldsmith was a poet, novelist, dramatist and essayist, all combined in one person. He was born in Ireland.作品：⑴Poems:①The Traveller is based on Goldsmith’s personal observation during his European wanderings. He came to the conclusion that human happiness depends less on political institution than onour own minds.②The Deserted Village is Goldsmith’s best poem. It contains some charmingdescriptions of village life. He marks the depopulation in the countryside owing to the inroads ofmonopolizing riches.⑵Novel: The Vicar of Wakefield. His novel appeals to human sentiment as a means of achieving happinessand social justice. That is why he is acknowledged to be one of the representatives of English sentimentalism.⑶Comedies: The Good-Natured Man, She Stoops to Conquer⑷Essays: The Citizen of the World.Goldsmith’s place as one of the greatest English essayists is mainlyIn the latter half of the 18century, a new literary monument arose in Europe, called the Romantic Revival. In England, this movement showed itself in the trend of Pre-Romanticism in poetry, which was ushered by Percy, Macpherson and Chatterton, and represented by Blake and Burns,the two greatest romantic poets of the 18th century.Pre-Romanticism:It rose as a reaction against enlightenment and neoclassicism, especially against reasons advocated by them. It originated by conservative groups men of letters and rose in the latter half of 18th century. The representatives are Thomas Gray, William Blake and Robert Burns.1William Blake(1757-1827)①The earliest of the major English Romantic poets.②Like Shelley, Blake strongly criticized the capitalists' cruel exploitation, saying that the "dark satanic mills left menunemployed, killed children & forced prostitution."③From childhood, Blake had a strongly visual mind; whatever he imagined, he also saw. As an imaginative poet, hepresents his view in visual images instead of abstract terms. " I know that This world is a world of IMAGINATION & Vision," & that "The Nature of my work is visionary or imaginative."④Blake writes his poems in plain & direct language.works：①The Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy & innocent world,though not without its evils & sufferings.②The Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war &repression with a melancholy tone.③Marriage of Heaven & Hell marks his entry into maturity.④The Book of Urizen, The Book of Los，The Four Zoas，Milton2、Robert Burns(1759-1796)He is the greatest of Scottish poets. He devoted all his free time to collecting, editing, restoring and imitating traditional Scottish songs, or writing verses of his own to traditional tunes.works：①Burns is remembered mainly for his songs written in the Scottish dialect on a variety of subjects.②Numerous are Burns’ songs of love and friendship. A Red, Red Rose③Bruce at Bannockburn is a typical song of patriotism.⑤The Tree of Liberty and A Revolutionary Lyric are the poems on the theme of revolution.⑥The Toadeater is a piece of bitter satire.⑦The Jolly Beggars is characterized by humour and lightheartedness.。
The age of Enlightment (启蒙时期的英国文学)
Historical Background--- Enlightenment
The Enlightenment European intellectual movement reached its high point in the 18th century. Enlightenment thinkers were believers in social progress and in the liberating possibilities of rational and scientific knowledge. They were often critical of existing society and were hostile to religion, which they saw as keeping the human mind chained down by superstition.
Some famous novels of the kind are Laurence
Sterne‘s A Sentimental Journey through France
and Italy (1768), Goldsmith‘ The Vicar of Wakefield (1766).
Gothic Novel
Historical Background--- Enlightenment
The first representatives of the English Enlightenment were Joseph Addison(16721717), and Richard Steele (1672-1929), the publishers of a moralistic journal of The Spectator, and the poet Alexander Pope(1688-1744).
英美文学之十八世纪英国文学
主
题——
哀悼好友而作； 对下层默默无闻的人民的深切同情 对他们纯朴善良品质的赞扬，为他们没有机会施展天赋和才华而惋惜 同时也表现了对权贵的蔑视和嘲讽，对大人物傲慢奢侈生活的谴责
风
格——
古典诗歌的形式 感伤主义的内容
The curfew tolls the knell of parting day; The lowing herd wind slowly o‘er the lea; The ploughman homeward plods his weary way, And leaves the world to darkness and to me. （1）
--- Neo-classical Poetry
In the early 18th century, neo-classical became fashionable. It promotes reason, emphasizes clarity and symmetry, temperance, elegance, pursues the perfect and harmonious forms of art. English poets endeavored to imitate the styles of the classical Greek writers. In poetry the most outstanding feature was the domination of the heroic couplet. The consummate exemplar of English neo-classical poetry was Alexander Pope.
week7The Eighteenth Century English Literature--18世纪英国文学
The Eighteenth Century English LiteratureI. Historical and social BackgroundThe 18th century is a period of comparatively peaceful development in England. After the Glorious Revolution, England entered the Golden Age. The state power passed from the king gradually to the Parliament and the cabinet ministers; therefore, system was established in England. A vast abroad of British colonies in Asia, Africa and North America and Acts of at home caused the Industrial Revolution.So, towards the middle of the 19th century, England had become the first powerful capitalist country, the work-shop of the world, flooding the markets both at home and abroad with its manufactured goods.Popular again and again hit Ireland; in Scotland people were threatening of independence from the British government; and the American people started their War of Independence in 1776 and finally broke away from the British government. As the Industrial Revolution went on in its full swing, more and more people joined the rank of the middle class or the propertied class through much hard work. Morally, they stressed the virtues of self-discipline, thrift and hard work. People divided into the liberal Whigs, who were determined to safeguard popular liberty, and the conservative Tories, with tender memories of kingcraft. On the extreme of Toryism were Jacobites. And almost all writers of theage were servants of Whigs or Tories during their competition.Ⅱ. Cultural Background1. EnlightenmentThe was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century. It was an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They thought the chief means for bettering the society was "enlightenment" or "education" for the people. The English enlighteners were bourgeois democratic thinkers. They set no revolutionary aim before them and what they strove for was to bring it to an end by clearing away the feudal ideas with the bourgeois ideology.Enlighteners fell into two groups-the group and the radical group. Moderate enlighteners supported the principles of the existing social order and considered that partial reforms would be sufficient. In this group may be included chiefly Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, Daniel Defoe and Samuel Richardson. They tried to work out a standard of moral conduct, which could be more suitable to the existing social conditions. Radical enlighteners struggled for more resolute democratization in the management of the government, and defended the interests of the exploited masses, the peasants and the working people in the cities. The representative writers of this group areJonathan Swift, Henry Fielding, Tobias George Smollett, Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan. They stressed the discrepancy between what they called “the proper, moral standards”and the bourgeois-aristocratic society of their age.2. The influence of EnlightenmentInspired by the spirit of the Enlightenment, people were encouraged to cultivate a sound sense of rationality and a witty intellectuality. More schools were set up. The Copyright Act of 1709 made, for the first time in English history, literary creation an honorable and independent profession.Besides the popular forms of poetry, novel and drama, the period also saw the appearance of such popular press as pamphlets and newspapers and periodicals. And there was also the flourish of coffee houses and all kinds of social clubs, (about 2000 in London.) which greatly helped the cultivation and promotion of the new English culture.However, in the later part of the century, people began to feel discontented with the rigidity of rationality. A demand for a release of one's spontaneous feeling, a relaxation from the cold and rigid logic of rationality and an escape from, the inhuman Industrial Revolution gradually took shape in the form of sentimental and pre-romantic novel and poetry.Ⅲ. Characteristics of the LiteratureThe main literary stream of the 18th century was . What the writers described in their works were social realities. The main characters were usually common men. Most of the writers concentrated their attention on daily life. Literature included book, newspaper, magazine, and pamphlets. Prose had a rapid development in this age, so the 18th century was an age of prose.Novel writing made a big advance in this century. Along with the economic independence, the eighteenth-century writers enjoyed greater freedom in their creative activities and were now able to devote themselves to whatever interested them and to give utterance to whatever they thought right or proper. For the first time too, the literary tendency of the age was moving-away from the conventional romance stories about the life of the rich and noble people of the aristocratic class and turning to works that would give accounts of the common life of the ordinary folk.In this age was much used in writing. It refers to any writing, in poetry or prose, with the purpose to ridicule, censure(责难) and correct the vices, follies, stupidities and corruptions of the society, and to satirize their enemies.The development of the literature in this period can be summarized as: the predominance of neoclassical poetry and prose in the early decades of the 18th century; the rise and flourish of modern realistic novel in the middle years of the 18th century; and the appearance ofgothic novel and the sentimental and pre-romantic poetry and fiction in the last few decades of the 18th century.1. Neo-Classicism in English LiteratureIn early 18th century, writers of the neo-classical school were Addison, Steele and Pope. In the middle decades of the century, Samuel Johnson became the leader of the classical school in English poetry and prose.The classicists found their artistic models in the classical literature of the ancient Greek and Roman writers, and tried to control literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from their works. In writing plays they used rimed instead of blank verse. They observed the three unities-the unities of time, place and action. They thought poetry should follow the ancient divisions, falling into lyric, epic, didactic, satiric or dramatic and each group should be guided by some peculiar principles. Prose should be precise, direct and flexible. They put the stress on the classical ideals of order, logic, restrained emotion, accuracy, good taste and decorum. Their works, mostly refined and perfect, are conscientious craftsmanship and often highly didactic. Neoclassical poetry reached its stylistic perfection during the period.A. Alexander Pope (1688-1744)a. A brief introduction of PopePope was the representative writer of the neo-classical school. He was a master in satire and heroic couplet and epigram. He popularized the neo-classical literary tradition. He was one of the early representatives of the Enlightenment, who introduced into English culture the spirit of rationalism and greater interest in the human world. He represented the highest glory and authority in matters of literary art and made great contributions to the theory and practice of prosody(诗学).b. Pope's Major Works:An Essay on Criticism《批评论》(1711), written in heroic couplet, was a manifesto of English neo-classicism. It sums up the art of poetry of old Greek and Roman.The Rape of the Lock《卷发遇劫记》(1714). A fop at the court forcibly cut off a lock of curls of a pretty maid of honor. In this poem the poet describes how a quarrel between two aristocratic families arose.It is a satire of the court life of that time.Essay on Man《人论》, written in her oic couplet, indicates the poet’s political and philosophical viewpoint. It deals with man’s relation to the universe, to society, to himself, and to happiness.The Dunciad《愚人志》is Pope’s famous satirical poem. It is full of bitter personal attacks on the poet’s personal enemies, and it also gives a broad satirical picture of the whole literary life in the early 18th century England.c. Pope’s epigram“Hills peep over hills, and Alps on Alps arise!”山外有山，天外有天。
英国文学18th
问题1Blake’sSongs of Experience paints a world of _____ with a melancholytone.所选答案： D. misery, poverty, disease, war and repression正确答案： D. misery, poverty, disease, war and repression反馈：misery, poverty, disease, war and repression问题2’s poem “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” is taken as a model of sentimentalist poetry, esp. the Graveyard school.所选答案：Thomas Gray正确答案：Thomas GrayGray反馈：Thomas Gray; Gray问题3The main literary stream of the 18 century was . What thewriters described were mainly social realities.所选答案：realism正确答案：realism反馈： realism问题4In the first part of Robinson Crusoe, the hero saved a savage and namedhim .所选答案：Friday正确答案：Friday反馈：Friday问题5Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels is the greatest work in English literature.所选答案： A. satiric正确答案： A. satiric反馈：satiric问题 6Which of the following cannot correctly describe EnlightenmentMovement?所选答案：C. It advocated individual education. 正确答案： C. It advocated individual education.反馈：It advocated individual education.问题 7Gothic novels are mostly stories of ____, which take place in some haunted or dilapidated Middle Age castles.所选答案：D. mystery and horror 正确答案： D. mystery and horror反馈：mystery and horror问题 8Which of the following novels by Henry Fielding satirizes thepolitical system of England and the then Prime Minister SirRobert Walpole?所选答案：D.Joseph Andrews正确答案：B.Jonathan Wild the Great问题 9Which of the following place does Gulliver visit first in Gulliver’s Travels ?所选答案：A. Lilliput 正确答案： A. Lilliput反馈： Lilliput问题 10In the 18 century, _______found its expression chiefly in poetry,especially that of William Blake and Robert burns.所选答案： C. pre-romanticism正确答案： C. pre-romanticism反馈：pre-romanticism问题11The literary form of neoclassicism is of the strict symmetry. The prevailing genre of neo-classical literature is the which consists of two riming lines of iambic pentameter, and the second line completes the thoughts expressed by the couplet.所选答案：heroic couplet正确答案：heroic couplet反馈：heroic couplet问题12得2 分，满分2 分The 18th century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or theAge of ________.所选答案：Reason正确答案：Reason反馈：Reason问题13_______was a progressive intellectual movement going on throughout Europe in the 18th century.所选答案： C. The Enlightenment正确答案： C. The Enlightenment反馈：The Enlightenment问题14The social significance of Gulliver’s Travels lies in _____.所选答案：A. the devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life正确答案：A. the devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life反馈：the devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life问题15The best part of Robinson Crusoe is the realistic account of his against the hostile nature.所选答案：fight正确答案：strugglefight反馈：struggle; fight问题16In the last twenty years of the 18th century, England produced two well-known romantic poets. They are William Blakeand .所选答案：Burns正确答案：Robert BurnsBurns问题17Of all the 18the century novelists, _________ was the first to set out intheory and practice, to write specially a “comic epic in prose”, and thefirst to give the modern novel its structure and style.所选答案： C.HenryFielding正确答案： C.HenryFielding反馈：HenryFielding问题18is undoubtedly the greatest poet Scotland has ever produced.His “Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect” is of great importance.所选答案：Robert Burns正确答案：Robert BurnsBurns反馈：Robert Burns; Burns问题19“Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt wi’ the sun:I will luve thee still, my dear,While the sands o’ life shall run.”The above verse lines are taken from the famous poem “________”.所选答案： A Red, Red Rose正确答案： A Red, Red Rose反馈： A Red, Red Rose问题20Sir Walter Scott called the father of English fiction.所选答案：Fielding正确答案：Henry FieldingFielding反馈：Henry Fielding; Fielding问题21_______is of the author of the first dictionary by anEnglishman—Dictionary of the English Language, which has becomethe foundation of all subsequent English dictionaries.所选答案： C. Samuel Johnson正确答案： C. Samuel Johnson反馈：Samuel Johnson问题22_________came into being as a result of a bitter discontent on the part of certain enlighteners in society reality.所选答案： A. Sentimentalism正确答案： A. Sentimentalism反馈：Sentimentalism问题23The greatest novelist of the 18th century, and also one of thegreatest that England ever produced is , who is considered as the founder of the English realistic novel.所选答案：Henry Fielding正确答案：Henry FieldingFielding问题24The rise and growth of __________is the most prominent achievement of the 18th century English literature, which has given the world such writers as Daniel Defoe, Jonathan swift and Henry fielding.所选答案： D.realisticnovel正确答案： D.realisticnovel反馈：realisticnovel问题25Blake’s Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a world of .所选答案： B. happiness and innocence正确答案： B. happiness and innocence反馈：happiness and innocence问题26In his novel, Robinson Crusoe, Defoe eulogizes the hero of the .所选答案： D. rising bourgeoisie正确答案： D. rising bourgeoisie反馈：rising bourgeoisie问题27Pamela is written in the form of a ______novel.所选答案：epistolary正确答案： epistolary 反馈：epistolary问题 28得 2分，满分 2 分Which of the following is NOT a character in the novel The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling ?所选答案：b.Ame lia正确答案： b.Ame lia反馈：Ame lia问题 29得 2 分，满分 2 分The only important English dramatist produced in the 18th century is ________.所选答案： Sheridan正确答案： Richard Brinsley SheridanBrinsley Sheridan Sheridan反馈： Richard Brinsley Sheridan; Brinsley Sheridan; Sheridan问题 30The only novel of Oliver Goldsmith is _________, which gives a detailed account of the numerous misfortunes befalling the central character and hisfamily.所选答案： B. The Vicar of Wakefield 正确答案： B. The Vicar of Wakefield反馈：The Vicar of Wakefield问题 31In the Houyhnhnm land, Gulliver found that ______ were hairy, wild, low and despicable brutes while ______ are endowed withreason and all good and admirable qualities.所选答案：D.the Yahoos ... the horses正确答案： D. the Yahoos ... the horses 反馈：the Yahoos ... the horses问题32Friday is a character in the novel__________.所选答案：Robinson Crusoe正确答案：The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe Robinson Crusoe反馈：The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; Robinson Crusoe问题33_________is William Blake’s most important prose work, which is the manifesto of his spiritual independence.所选答案： D. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell正确答案： D. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell反馈：The Marriage of Heaven and Hell问题34Jonathan Swift’s famous prose work ________ is a satirical dialoguebetween the Ancients and the Moderns in the character of the Bee andthe Spider.所选答案： A. The Battle of the Books正确答案： A. The Battle of the Books反馈：The Battle of the Books问题35The 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two politicalparties, _____.所选答案： C. the Whigs and the Tories正确答案： C. the Whigs and the Tories反馈：the Whigs and the Tories问题36The Rivals written by is a clever satire on the sentimental and pseudo-romantic fancies of many young women of the upper classes of the 18th century.所选答案：Sheridan正确答案：Richard Brinsley SheridanBrinsley SheridanSheridan反馈：Richard Brinsley Sheridan; Brinsley Sheridan; Sheridan问题37In Gulliver’s Travels, Yahoos are the creatures living on ________.所选答案：Houyhnhnms正确答案：Houyhnhnms反馈：Houyhnhnms问题38Daniel Defoe describes as a typical English middle-class man of the 18th century, the very prototype of the empire builder or thepioneer colonist.所选答案：Crusoe正确答案：Robinson CrusoeCrusoe反馈：Robinson Crusoe; Crusoe问题39In Robinson Crusoe, the writer glorifies .所选答案： D. human labor and the Puritan fortitude正确答案： D. human labor and the Puritan fortitude反馈：human labor and the Puritan fortitude问题40Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that ________.所选答案： C.the former celebrates reason, rationality, order and instruction while the latter sees literature as an expression on anindividual’s feelings and experiences正确答案： C.the former celebrates reason, rationality, order and instruction while the latter sees literature as an expression on anindividual’s feelings and experiences反馈：the former celebrates reason, rationality, order and instruction while the latter sees literature as an expression on an individual’s feelings and experiences问题41In the middle decades of the 18 century became the leader of the classic school in English poetry and prose.所选答案：Samuel Johnson正确答案：Samuel JohnsonJohnson反馈：Samuel Johnson; Johnson问题42Which of the following is not true about Samuel Richardson?所选答案： C. He is the first novelist of realist tradition.正确答案： C. He is the first novelist of realist tradition.反馈：He is the first novelist of realist tradition.问题43得2 分，满分2 分1. The principal elements of the ________Novel are mystery, horror andsuspense.所选答案：Gothic正确答案：Gothic反馈：Gothic问题44Joseph Andrew is Fielding’s first novel. He wrote the novel with theintention of ridiculing Richard’s novel .所选答案：Pamela正确答案：Pamela反馈：Pamela问题45According to the neoclassicists, which of the following is true?所选答案： D. All the above.正确答案： D. All the above.反馈：All the above.问题46The following on Daniel Defoe are true except .所选答案： C. He was a member of the upper class正确答案： C. He was a member of the upper class反馈：He was a member of the upper class问题47Of the eighteenth-century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to _____.所选答案： A. give the modern novel its structure and style正确答案： A. give the modern novel its structure and style反馈：give the modern novel its structure and style问题48得2 分，满分2 分Sheridan’s _____is the best English comedy since the days of Shakespeare.所选答案： B. The School for Scandal正确答案： B. The School for Scandal反馈：The School for Scandal问题49Thomas Gray has been regarded as the leader of the of the day.所选答案： A.sentimental poetry正确答案： A.sentimental poetry 反馈：sentimental poetry问题50In the William Blake’s poetry, the father (and any other in whom he saw the image of the father such as God, Priest and King) was usually a figure of_______.所选答案：tyranny正确答案：tyranny反馈：tyranny问题51得2 分，满分2 分Modern English novel arose in the ________century.所选答案： C. 18th正确答案： C. 18th反馈：18th问题52The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling has been praised for its excellentplot construction. The three big divisions of the adventures of the heroand the heroine are marked by the change of scenes: in the country, onthe road and in __________.所选答案：London正确答案：London反馈：London问题53is a typical feature of Swift’s writings.所选答案：Bitter Satire正确答案：Bitter Satire反馈：Bitter Satire问题 54In , Jonathan Swift suggests that children of the poorIrish people be sold at one year old as food for the English nobles. It shows his indignation toward the terribleoppression and exploitation of the Irish people by the English ruling class.所选答案： A Modest Proposal 正确答案： A Modest Proposal 反馈：A Modest Proposal问题 55ranks among the greatest satirist of England, and of the world. “A Modest Proposal” is one of his satirical works.所选答案： Jonathan Swift正确答案： Jonathan SwiftSwift反馈： Jonathan Swift; Swift问题 56In the following writings by Henry Fielding, which brings himthe name of the “Prose Homer”?所选答案：B.The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling正确答案：B.The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling反馈：The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling问题 57Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, _______ was the first to introduce rationalism to England.所选答案： Alexander Pope正确答案： Alexander PopePope反馈： Alexander Pope; Pope问题 58Which of the following is not true about Robinson Crusoe ?所选答案： A. It is a record of Defoe’s own experience.正确答案： A. It is a record of Defoe’s own experience.反馈：It is a record of Defoe’s own experience.问题59Many of Burns’ songs deal with friendship, ______has long become a universal parting-song of all the English-speaking countries.所选答案： D. Auld Lang Syne正确答案： D. Auld Lang Syne反馈：Auld Lang Syne问题60Jonathan Swift held the opinion that human nature , thus human nature and human institutions both needed constantreform and improvement.所选答案： B. was a mixture of the angelic and the satanic正确答案： B. was a mixture of the angelic and the satanic反馈：was a mixture of the angelic and the satanic。
英美文学简史 第7章 浪漫主义时期
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Poetry I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud Influence of Natural Objects London, 1802 Love My Heart Leaps Up When I Behold She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways To a Skylark To the Cuckoo We Are Seven
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1791 took his B.A. from Cambridge 1798 wrote Lyrical Ballads
1799 moved to the Lake District of England with his sister 1843 succeeded Robert Southey (1774-1843) as England's poet laureate. 1850 died April 23,.
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• “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings,” and pressed for the use of natural everyday diction in literary works. Coleridge emphasized the importance of the poet’s imagination and discounted adherence to arbitrary literary rules. • Such English romantic poets as Byron, Shelley, Keats, Robert Southey, and William Cowper 8
英美文学选读-英国-新古典主义时期-练习题汇总
1.The 18th-ce ntury En gla nd is known as （（浙0710）A. the Age of Purita nism B. the Age of Reas onC. the Era of CapitalismD. the Age of Glory2.En glish En lighte ners in the 18 th century held _______________ a s the yardstick for the measureme nt of all huma n activities and relati ons. （一）1A.propertyB. educati onC. emoti onD. reas on3.In the Enlightenment Movement, the progressive representatives intended ____________ . （浙0810）A.to call the people to fight aga inst poverty and hardshipB.to tell people to econo mize and to accumulate wealthC.to en lighte n the whole world with the light of moder n philosophical and artistic ideasD.to in struct people to obta in their prese nt social status through hard work4.As to education, the enlighteners thought that __________ . （浙0310 ）A.huma n beings were limited, dualistic, imperfect, and not capable of rati on ality and perfecti onthrough educati on.B.uni versal educati on was unn ecessary.C.if the com mon people were well educated, there would be great cha nee for a democraticand equal huma n society.D.most of the human beings were perfect themselves, so only a few needed further education.5.Why did the enlighteners regard education the major means to improve the society and thepeople?（）（浙0710）A.Because most of the human beings were perfect themselves, so only a few needed further educati on.B.If the com mon people were well educated, there would be great cha nee for a democratic and equal huma n society.C.Because universal education was limited , dualistic, imperfect, and unnecessary.D.Because huma n beings were not capable of rati on ality and perfecti on through educati on.6.About reason , the enlighteners thought _________ .（浙0210 ）A.reas on or rati on ality should be the only, the final cause of any huma n thought andactivitiesB.reas on could n't lead to truth and justiceC.superstiti on was above reas on and rati on alityD.equality and scie nee is con trary to reas on and rati on ality7.In the field of literature, the En lighte nment Moveme nt brought about the tendency of （）A.realismB. purita nismC. n eoclassicismD. roma nticism8.Which of the following statements about Neo-Classicism and Enlightenment Movement is true?A.The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe inthe 17th century .B.Neo-Classicism found its artistic models in the classical literature of the ancient Greekand Roma n writers like Homer, Virgil, Horace, Ovid, etc. and in the con temporary French writers.C.Neo-Classicism put the stress on the classical artistic ideals of order, logic, proportion, spontan eous emoti on, and passi on.D.Satire was much used in writing in the neo-classic works. English literature of this age produced a disti nguished satirist Daniel Defoe.9.Which of the follow ing descripti ons of En lighte nment Moveme nt is NOT true? ()A.It was a progressive in tellectual moveme nt that flourished in Fra nee.B.It was a furthera nee of the Ren aissa nee of the 15th and 16th cen turies.C.The purpose was to enlighten the whole world with modern philosophical and artistic ideas.D.The En lighte ners advocate in dividual educati on. (com mon people )10.The enlighteners placed much emphasis on reason, because they thought ( )(浙0710)A.superstiti on was above reas on and rati on ality.B.reas on and emoti on both could lead to truth and justice.C.reason or rationality should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities.D.equality and scie nee is con trary to reas on and rati on ality.11.All of the following statements can correctly describe the Enlightenment Movement EXCEPTA.The moveme nt flourished in Fran ce.B.The moveme nt was a furthera nee of the Ren aissa nee.C.The purpose of the movement was to enlighten the whole world.D.The purpose of the movement was to enhance the religious education.12.As a represe ntative of the En lighte nment, _________ w as one of the first to in troduce rati on alismto En gla nd. (094)A.John Bun yanB. Daniel DefoeC. Alexa nder PopeD. Jon athan Swiftth 13.(The) ( ) was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18ce ntury. (054)A.Roma nticismB. Huma nismC. En lighte nmentD. Sen time ntalism14.According to the neoclassicists, all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classicalworks of the ancient Greek and ___________ writers. (浙0210 )B. BritishD. Roma n15. Which of the following statements is true according to the principles of the neoclassicists?(浙 0801)A. All forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek andRoma n writers.B. They tried to delight, in struct and correct huma n beings as social ani mals.C. They tried to develop a polite, urbane, witty and intellectual art.D. All of the above.16. The neoclassicists did not believe that ( )(浙 0710)A. the literature should be used to delight and in struct huma n bein gs.B. the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy.C. the literary works should be created in depe nden tly and origi nally.D. both A and C17. The great political and social events in the English society of neoclassical period were the follow ing EXCEPT ___________ .(104)A. the Restoration of King Charles II in 1660B. the Great Plague of 1665C. the Great London Fire in 1666D. the Wars of Roses in 1689(1455-1487 )th18. The 18 cen tury wit nessed a new literary form — the moder n En glish no vel, which, con trary to the medieval roma nee, gives a __________ prese ntati on of life of the com mon people. (044)A. roma nticB. realisticC. propheticD. idealistic19. Which of the following terms can be used to refer to the 18th-century English literature?A. The Age of Roma nee.B. The Age of Drama .C. The Age of Prose.D. The Age of Poetry.20. The belief of the eighteenth - century neoclassicists in England led them to seek the following EXCEPT __________ . (104)A. proporti onB. UnityC. harm onyD. spirit21. The British bourgeois or middle class believed in the followi ng notio ns EXCEPT ___________ 094)A. self - esteemB. self - relia neeC. self - restra intD. hard work22. I n the 18th cen tury, the British gover nment was main ly con trolled by two political parties inA. Italia n C. Germa nturn. They are ( ) (浙0801)A.the upper House and the lower House.B.the House of Lords and the House of Represe ntatives.C.the Whigs and the Tories.D.the Sen ate and the House of Represe ntatives.23. Contrary to the traditional romanee of aristocrats, the modern English novel gives a realisticprese ntati on of life of . (084)A. the com mon En glish people C. the rising bourgeoisieB. the upper classD. the enterprising landlords24. The pri ncipal eleme nts of ______________ i n the late eightee nth cen tury are viole nee, horror, and the super natural, which str on gly appeal to reader 'emoti on.( ) (一) 3 (浙0601) A. history no vel B. Gothic no vel C. roma ntic no vel D. sen time ntal no vel25. Graveyard School " writers are the followi ng sen time ntalists EXCEPT ___________ . (094)A. James Thoms onC. William Cowper古墓派诗人一汤姆森-科林斯-库伯B. William Colli ns D. Thomas Jacks on26. The poem Elegy Writte n in a Country Churchyard "墓园挽诗established _____________ as the leaderof the sen time ntal poetry of ()(047)A. Thomas Gray 汤姆斯-曷雷the day , especially the Graveyard School ”.B. Samuel Joh nsonD. John Milt on27. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for prose EXCEPT ____________________ . (一) 4 ()A. being precise C. being flexibleB. being direct D. being satiric28. In the theatrical world of the neoclassical period, ________________ was the leading figure among thehost of playwrights.A. William BlakeB. Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查德上匕.谢立丹D . Bernard Shaw29. Richard Brinsley Sheridan was the only English dramatist of the ______________ century. (浙0810)A. sixtee nthB. seve ntee nth (一) 5C. eightee nthD. nin etee nth30. In the last few decades of the 18 cen tury, the n eoclassicism was gradually replaced by __.( 浙0510)A. roma nticism C. moder nismB. critical realism D. n aturalism31. The middle of the 18th century saw a newly rising literary form —( ) (浙0301)A. the moder n En glish novelB. the moder n En glish poetryC. the moder n En glish dramaD. both A and B32. Britain witnessed two major romantic poets in the later half of the 18th century. They are( ) (浙0701 ) A. Joh n Milt on and William Blake (一) 6B. Robert Bur ns and Joh n KeatsC. George Herbert and Joh n DonneD. Robert Burns and William Blake33. ______ was the last greatest n eoclassicist en lighte ner in the later 18 th cen tury. A. Henry Fieldi ng B. Alexa nder PopeC. Richard SteeleD. Samuel Joh nson34. ______ was the last great neoclassicist enlightener in the later eighteenth century. He was very much concerned with the theme of the vanity of human wishes.（ ） （一） 7 （浙 0901 ）A. William BlakeB. S amuel Joh nsonC. Thomas GrayD. H enry Fielding35. Which of the follow ing authors does not bel ong to the en lighte ners of the 18th cen tury?（浙0701 ）A. Jonathan Swift.B. Walter Scott .C. Daniel Defoe.D. He nry Fieldi ng.Daniel Defoe36. Which of the following is not Daniel Defoe 'works?（浙 0710）A. Gulliver ' Travels Jonathan SwiftB. Captai n Sin glet onC. Moll Fla ndersD. Rob inson Crusoequalities of middle-class menB. religious devoti on D. pioneering spirit（ ）（一） 8 （浙 0710）B. in depe ndence and stro ng will.（浙 0501）37. In Robinson Crusoe , Daniel Defoe glorifies all the following EXCEPTA. the in dig nity of labourC. loyalty to the king38. In Robinson Crusoe , the writer glorifies A. pride and happ in ess.D. hard work and success.40. The novels of ______________ a re the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people. A. Bunyan C. Fielding41. Defoe 'group of four novels are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people. They are the following EXCEPT ____________________ .（一） 9 （107 ）A. Capta in Sin glet onB. Moll Fla ndersD. Rob inson Crusoe42. Dan iel Defoe, at the age of n early 60, started his first novel ______________________________ ,which is uni versallycon sidered his masterpiece.(浙 0410)A. Rob inson Crusoe B . Moll Fla ndersC. Col on el JackD. Capta in Sin glet on43. Daniel Defoe ' ___________ is uni versally con sidered as his masterpiece. (104)A. Colonel JackB. Robinson CrusoeC. Capta in Sin glet onD. A Journal of the Plague Year44. Daniel Defoe 'works are all the following EXCEPT __________________ . ()A. Moll Fla ndersB. A Tale of a TubC. A Journal of the Plague YearD. Colo nel Jack45. Daniel Defoe describes ______________________ as a typical English Middle- class man of the eighteenthcen tury, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pion eer coloni st.()A. Tom JonesB . GulliverC .Moll FlandersD . Robinson Crusoe46. Daniel Defoe describes ______________ a s a typical English middle — class man of the eighteenth century , the very prototype of the empire builder , the pioneer colonist .()A. Robi nso n CrusoeB. Moll Fla ndersC. GulliverD. Tom Jones47. The hero Robinson Crusoe is a typical( ) man, who has a great capacity for work,39. The lan guage in Robinson Crusoe is （A. easy, smooth and colloquialC. le ngthy and imagi native ）.B. difficult and artificial D. obsce ne and difficult（浙 0310 ）B . DefoeD . SwiftC. Roxanain exhaustible en ergy, courage, patie nee and persiste nee in overco ming obstacles and struggling against the hostile natural environment. (浙0510)A.seve ntee nth-ce ntury En glish upper classB.eightee nth-ce ntury En glish middle classC.seve ntee nth-ce ntury En glish work ing classD.eightee nth-ce ntury En glish lower classth48.The hero Robinson Crusoe is a typical 18 century English middle-calss man who __.( 浙0610)A.has a great capacity for work, in exhaustible en ergy, courage, patie nee and persiste nee in overco ming obstacles and struggli ng aga inst the hostile n atural environment.B.has strong will, but can 'tendure life 'loneliness.C.has a great capacity for work, but is frightened by the hostile natural environment.D.thinks all the people are born equal.49.The hero in Robinson Crusoe is the prototype of ( ) (一) 10 (浙0210)(浙0810 )A. the the n progressive bourgeoisieB. the empire builderC. the pion eer colonistD. all of the above50. In his novel, Robinson Crusoe, Defoe eulogizes the hero of the ____________________ ?(047)A. aristocratic classB. en terpris ing lan dlordsC. rising bourgeoisieD. hard-work ing people51. ________ ,an adve nture story very much in spirit of the time, is uni versally con sidered Defoe 'masterpiece. (浙0501) A. Moll Fla nders B. Colo nel JackC. Rob inson CrusoeD. Roxa na52. Which of the follow ing works best represe nts the n ati onal spirit of the 18 th -ce ntury En gla nd?A. Robinson CrusoeC. Jon athan Wild the GreatB. Gulliver' Travels (044) D. A Sen time ntal Journey53.Crusoe is the hero in The life and Strange Surpris ing Adve ntures of Robinson Grusoe, of York, Mariner (also known as Robinson Crusoe )by . (034)A. Jon athan SwiftB. Da niel DefoeC. George EliotD. wre nee54.All of the following novels by Daniel Defoe are the first literary works devoted to the study ofproblems of the lower-class people EXCEPT __________________ . (084)A. Robinson Crusoe C. Moll FlandersB. Captain Singleton D. Colonel Jack55. Which of the following is NOT Defoe 'work?( ) (浙0401)A. Moll Fla nders C. Silas MarnerB. Colo nel Jack D. Roxa naJon atha n Swift56. Which of the following is true about Jonathan Swift' thoughts as a representative of theenlightenment movement? ( ) (一) 11 (浙0701)A.To better huma n life, en lighte nment is unn ecessary.B.Huma n n ature is simple and n aive.C. Huma n n ature was dest ined and could n 'be cha nged.D.It 'possible to reform and improve huma n n ature and huma n in stituti ons.57.En glish literature of the 18 th cen tury produces some excelle nt satirists, among whom _________________ i sa master satirist.A. Jonathan Swift .B. Henry Fielding D. Thomas Gray58.As a master satirist, Swift 'satire is usually masked by ( ) (一) 12 (浙0710)A. outward gravity and appare nt earn est nessB. appare nt eager ness and sin cerityC. pessimism and bitter nessD. seem in gly gen tle ness and sweet ness59.1 n the book Gulliver 'Travels the hero traveled to the following places except （）（浙0810 ）A. the In dia n Isla ndB. Brobd ingnagC. LilliputD. the Houyh nhnm land6O.ln which of the following works can you find the proper names Lilliput, ” Brobdingnag, ”Houyhnhnm, ” and Yahoo "”（034）A.James Joyce ' Ulsses.B.Charles Dicke ns ' Bleak House.C.Jonathan Swift ' Gulliver 'Travels.D. D. H. Lawrenee ' Women in love.61. Lilliput is ________ in Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift. （浙0301）A.the n ame of the hero who made deep-sea voyagesB.an imagi nary isla nd in habited by people not more tha n six in ches highC. a minor character who accompa nied the hero duri ng his voyagesD.the cou ntry of horses en dowed with huma n in tellige nee62.Brobdingnag is an imaginary island where the inhabitants are _________ . （一）13 （浙0301）A.ten times taller and larger tha n the ord inary huma n beingsB.the horses who are hairy, wild, low and despicableC.the Yahoos who are wise and intelligentD.the small people who are only six inches tall63.The Houyh nhnms depicted by Jon atha n Swift in Gulliver's Travels are _______ .（）A.horses that are en dowed with reas onB.pigmies that are en dowed with admirable qualitiesC.gia nts that are superior in wisdomD.hairy,wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearancebut also in some other ways.64.The Honyhnhnm Land is an imaginary island where ___________ .（浙0501）A.horses are en dowed with reas on and all good and admirable qualities.B.yahoos are gover ning class.C.horses are hairy, wild, low and despicable brutes, who resemble human beings not only in appeara nce but alsoalmost every other way.D.yahoos are possessed of reas on.65.In the Houyh nhnm land, Gulliver found that _________ were hairy, wild, low and despicable bruteswhile _________ a re en dowed with reas on and all good and admirable qualities. （一）14A. the horses ... the YahoosB. the horses ... human beings （浙0710）C. the Yahoos ... the horsesD. the Yahoos ... huma n beings66.In ______________ of Gulliver' Travels, Jon atha n Swift satirizes the wester n civilizati on in clud ingfalse illusi ons about scie nee, philosophy, history and immortality. A . the first voyage to Lilliput小人国-利利普特，仅 6英寸高，B . the sec ondt voyage to Brobdi ngnag 巨人岛-布鲁布丁鲁那可，国王 60英尺C . the third voyage to the Flying Isla nd 飞岛一与世隔绝的世界D . the fourth voyage to Houyh nhnm land 智慧岛一马-高度智慧-圈养YAHOOS67. As a whole, ___________ isone of the most effective and devastating criticisms and satires of all (044)B. Gulliver ' Travels (一) 15D. The School for Scandal68. Which of the followi ng is true about the book Gulliver's Travels ?( )A. It is a study of huma n n ature and life.B. It has high artistic skills in making the story an orga nic whole.C. It makes criticisms and satires of all aspects in the con temporary En glish and Europea n life.D. It is not a book of satire though it is a book of rebellion.69. The social significanee of Gulliver' Travels lies in _________________ . (浙 0210)A. the devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life.B. his artistic skill in making the story an organic wholeC. his cen tral concern of study of huma n n ature and lifeD. both B and C70. As one of the greatest masters of English prose, ________________ defined a good style as properwords in proper places ”. (084)A . Henry FieldingB . Jonathan Swift (一) 16C. Samuel JohnsonD . Alexander Pope71. Who defined a good style as proper words in proper places? ” (浙0307)A. Jon athan SwiftB. Charles Dicke nsC. Edmu nd Spen cerD. George Bern ard Shaw72. A good style of prose "proper works in proper places ” was defined by ________________ . ()A. Joh n Milt onB. He nry Fieldi ngC. Jon athan SwiftD.T.S. Eliot73. Jonathan Swift 'greatest satiric work is ______________ . A. A Tale of a TubB. The Battle of the BooksC. Gulliver ' TravelsD. A Modest Proposalaspects in the the n En glish and Europea n life—socially, politically, religiously, philosophically,scientifically, and morally. A. Moll Fla nders C. Pilgrim 'Progress74.Jon atha n Swift' s ____________is gen erally regarded as the best model of satire, not only of theperiod but also in the whole En glish literary history. （一）17 （104）A. Gulliver s TravelsB. The Battle of the BooksC. A Modest Proposal ”D. A Tale of a Tub75.The best model of satire in the whole English literary history is Jonathan Swift's ______________ . （094）A. A Modest ProposalB. A Tale of a TubC. Gulliver's TravelsD. The Battle of the Books76.Jonathan Swift is a master satirist in English literature. His A Tale of a Tub is an attack on （）.A. the governmentB. greed （一）18C. the churchD. the abuse of power77. __________________ is a typical feature of Swift's writings. （）A. Bitter satireB. Elegant styleC. Casual narrationD. Complicated sentence structure78.Which of the following is not Swift 'works? （浙0310）A. A Tale of a TubB. The Battle of the BooksC. Gulliver 'TravelsD. Tom Jones79.Henry Fielding is mainly concerned about ___________ in his works. （浙0701）A.the miserable life of the middle-class peopleB.the ordi nary and usually ridiculous life of the com mon peopleC.the special life style of some groupsD.the real life of the upper-class people80. ______ i s gen erally con siered Fieldi ng 'masterpiece. （浙0610）A. Joseph An drewsB. Jon athan Wild the GreatC. Tom JonesD. Gulliver 'Travels82. Of all the eightee nth - cen tury no velists __________ w as the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a comic epic in prose ”， the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.（104）A. He nry Fieldi ng B. Da niel DefoeC. Jon atha n SwiftD. Laure nee Sterneth83.Of all the 18 century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to writespecifically a ___ in prose, "the first to give the modern novel its structureand style. A.tragic epic C.roma nee84 Of the eighteenth-century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to A. in struct the people through his writ ingB. give the moder n no vel its structure and styleC. amuse the people through his worksD. adopt the third-pers on n arrati on85. In Tom Jones , the hero Tom is _________________ in contrast with Blifil who is _______________ .（浙 0301） A. innocent and kind-hearted ... hypocritical and wicked B. hypocritical and wicked ... innocent and kindhearted C. rude and stubbor n ... cunning and speculati ng D. cunning and speculati ng ... rude and stubbor n86. An hon est, kin d-hearted you ng man, who is full of ani mal spirit and lacks prude nee, is expelled from the paradise and has to go through hard experience to gain knowledge of himself and fin ally to have bee n accepted both by a virtuous lady and a rich relative . （一） 20（044）The above sentence may well sum up the theme of Fielding 'work _____________________ . A. Jon athan Wild the Great B. Tom JonesC. The Coffe-House Politicia nD. Amelia87. Henry Fielding adopted __ to relate a story in his novel in which the author becomes theall- knowing God ”.（107）A. the first- pers on n arrati onB. the epistolary formC. the picaresque formD. the third -pers on n arrati on88. Henry Fielding adopted _____________ a s his way to relate the story in a novel. （浙 0601 ）A. the epistolary formB. the picaresque formC. the third-pers on n arrati onD. flashback89. For his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel, ________________ h as beenregarded as Father of the En glish Novel ”.（047）A. He nry Fieldi ngB. Da niel DefoeC. Joh n BunyanD. James Joyce90. For his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel, ___________ has been regarded by some as Father of the English Novel ”.（浙 0301 ）A. Da niel DefoeB. He nry Fieldi ngC. Jon athan SwiftD. Samuel Richards on（）ic epicD.lyric epic（浙 0210）91 . Henry Fielding has been regarded by some as _ _,for his contribution to theestablishment of the form of the modern novel. （浙0310 ）92. Henry Fielding has been regarded as “_ for his contribution to the establishment of theform of the modern ________ . （浙 0810）（浙 0210 ）（浙 0510 ）A. Father of En glish Poetry...poetryB. Father of En glish Novel... novelC. Father of Moder n En glish Poetry...poetryD. Father of Modern En glish Novel... novelIII. Questi ons and An swers （24 points in all, 6 for each ）45. List at least two leading neoclassicists in England. What did Neoclassicists celebrate in literary creation? （094） |（一） 4845. A. Alexa nder Pope, Joh n Dryde n, Samuel Joh nson.B. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. They seek proporti on, uni ty, harm ony and grace in literary expressi ons, in an effort to delight, in struct and correct huma n bein gs. Thus a polite, elega nt, witty, and in tellectual art developed.IV. Topic Discussi on （20 points in all, 10 for each ）49 . Daniel Defoe ' novel Robinson Crusoe was a great success partly because the protagonist was a real middle-class hero. Discuss Crusoe, the protag onist of the no vel, as an embodime nt of the rising middle-class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England.（084 ）1. Give a brief comment on the hero in The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe.（浙 0810）1. A. Fieldi ng has bee n regarded as Father of the En glish no vel ”，for his con tributi onto the establishment of the form of the modern novel.B. Of all the eightee nth-ce ntury no velists Field ing was the first to set out, both in theory andpractice, to write specifically a comic epic in prose, ” the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.C. Before him, the relating go a story in a novel was either in the epistolary form （a series ofletters ）, as in Richards on ' Pamela , or the picaresque form （adve nturous wan der ings ） through the mouth of the pr in cipal character, as in Defoe' Robinson Crusoe , but Field ingadopted the third-person narration, ” in which the author becomes the all-knowing God. f D. In planning his stories, he tries to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but atthe same time keeps faithful to his realistic prese ntati on of com mon life as it is.A . Father of the English NovelC . Father of the English Drama B. Father of the English Poetry D. Father of the English Short Story。
英国文学考试题
英语复习提纲一、听力（25’）二、根据作家名写出每位作家的两部作品（注：作品不需要加书名号！）（5*2’）1、Geoffrey Chaucer（杰弗里·乔叟）：The House of Fame 、The book of the Duchess (已考)2、William Shakespeare（威廉·莎士比亚）：Othello、Twelfth Night、Romeo and Juliet 、Hamlet3、John Milton （约翰·弥尔顿）：Paradise Lost、Paradise Regained(已考)4、Daniel Defoe（丹尼尔·笛福）：Roxana、Moll Flanders、Colonel Jack5、William Blake（威廉·布莱克）：Songs of Innocence、The Song of Los、The Songs of Experience6、Jane Austen（简·奥斯汀）：Emma、Pride and Prejudice、Persuasion7、Hawthorne（霍桑）；Twice-Told Tales、The House of Seven Gables8、William Wordsworth（威廉·华兹华斯）：Lucy poems、The Prelude(已考)9、Robert Burns（罗伯特·伯恩斯）：The Tree of Liberty、A Red, Red Rose10、Percy Bysshe Shelley（雪莱）：Queen Mab、England in 181911、Charlotte Bronte （夏洛蒂·勃朗特）：Jane Eyre、The Professor12、Emily Bronte（艾米莉·勃朗特）：Wuthering Heights、Some Poems13、Anne Bronte(安妮·勃朗特):The Tenant of Wildfell Hall 、Agnes Grey14、Charles Dickens（查尔斯·狄更斯）：Bleak House、Hard Times三、选择题（10*2’）1Which of the following plays does not belong to Shakespeare’s four great tragedies? AA. Romeo and JulietB. King LearC. HamletD. Macbeth2.In ____C____, Shakespeare has not only made a profound analysis of the social crisis in which the evils can be seen everywhere, but also criticized the bourgeois egoism.A. HamletB. OthelloC. King LearD. Macbeth3.The sentence "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare's ___C_____ .A. comediesB. tragediesC. sonnetsD. histories4.Many people today tend to regard the play “The Merchant of Venice” as a satire of the hypocrisy of ___A_______ and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against _____.A. Christians/JewsB. Jews/ChristiansC. oppressors/oppressedD. people/Jewston’s paradise Lost took its material from __ A ____.A. the BibleB. Greek mythC. Roman mythD. French romance6.Among the three major poetical works by John Milton, ____A____ is the most perfect example of verse drama（叙事诗歌，诗剧） after the Greek style in English.A. Samson AgonistesB. Paradise LostC. Paradise RegainedD. Areopagitica7.John Milton’s greatest poetical work ___B_____ is the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf.A. AreopagiticaB. Paradise LostC. LycidasD. Samson Agonistes8Hester Pryme, Dimmsdale, Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely the names ofthe characters in __A_.A. The Scarlet LetterB. The House of the Seven GablesC. The Portrait of a LadyD. The pioneers9.In The Scarlet letter of Nathaniel Hawthorne, The letter A has several symbolic meanings except ____C___.A.AdulteryB.AvengeC. AwakeD. Angel10. Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over __A__.A. Ezra PoundB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Robert FrostD. Emily Dickinson11．“The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough.” This is the shortest poem written by ___C__.A. T. S. EliotB. Robert FrostC. Ezra PoundD. Emily Dickinson12.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT _ D__.A. the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD. the use of elegant wording and inflated言过其实的，夸张的 figures of speech13.The publication of _ C_____ marked the beginning of Romantic Age.A. Don Juan (Byron)B. the Rime of the Ancient Mariner(Coleridge)C. The Lyrical BalladsD. Queen Mab（Shelley）14.All of the following poems by William Wordsworth are masterpieces on nature EXCEPT___D_____.A. I Wandered Lonely as a CloudB. An Evening WalkC. Tinter Abbey丁登寺D. The Solitary Reaper(已考)15.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic警句式的 line by _D_.A. J. KeatsB. W. BlakeC. W. WordsworthD. P.B. Shelley16.Which is Shelley’s masterpiece? BA. Queen MabB. Prometheus UnboundC. Prometheus BoundD. The Revolt of Islam17.The Father of American detective story is ____B___.A) Herman MelvilleB) Edgar Allan PoeC) Mark TwainD) Nathaniel Hawthorne18.Walt Whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry. His innovation first of all lies in his use of ____C__ , poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.A. blank verseB. heroic coupletC. free verseD. iambic pentameter19.Walt Whitman believed, by means of “____A____,” he has turned poetry into an open field, an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.A. free verseB. strict verseC. regular rhymingD. standardized rhyming20.The themes of Whit Whitman’s poems include the following except ____D____.A) democracy B) the cultureC) the land D) the race21.Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression? DA）Defeat and pain B）Nature and deathC）Love and passion D）War and peace22._A____ is the most common foot in English poetry.A）The iamb 抑楊格短長格 B）The anapest抑抑扬格C）The trochee扬抑格 D）The dactyl扬抑抑格四、名词解释（2*5’）（补考的可能性比较大）1、Humanism人道主义Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance. It reflected the new outlook of the rising bourgeois class. Humanists emphasize the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life and believe that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders by removing all the external checks by the exercise of reason. They also expressed their rebellious spirit against the tyranny of feudal rule and ecclesiastical domination.以人为本是关键音符文艺复兴时期。
英国文学史总结
Beowulf the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsThe Ballad:Aballed is a story told in ually in 4-line stanzas,with the second and fourth lines rhymed.They mainly the literature of peasants,and in themone is able to understand the outlook of the English common people infeudal society.Heroic couplet: a verse unit consisting of two rhymed lines in iambic pentameter Romance:the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance.the theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasizedin romance.Romance was a type of literature that was very popular in the Middle Ages.(1): the matter of France: the exploits of Charlemagne the great and Roland, Chanson de Roland(2):the matter of Rome: Alexander the great and the Great and the siege of troy.(3):the matter of British: the Arthurian legend: Sir Gawain ,Launcelot, Merlin , the death of King Arthur.Geoffrey Chaucer the founder of English poetryHis career can be divided into several periods1. French 1360-1370 translate French poetry2. Italian 1372-13863. English The Canterbury talesThe Canterbury Tales Chivalrous values:Honor,loyalty,chastity⏹Structural device: a pilgrimage to Canterbury, which enables him to show people from allwalks of life, a cross-section of the society⏹Uniqueness: a fascinating accord between the narrators and the tales, the charactersgrow and are revealed by the stores (in the works of the writers before him, the relationship between the story tellers and the tales they tell is haphazard) Elizabethan ageRenaissanceHumanism:admire human beauty and human achievementSonnetBlank verseSpenserian stanzaThe Renaissance, which means “rebirth” or “revival’, is actually an intellectual movement with a thirsting curiosity for classical literature and the keen interest in the activities of humanity.It aims to get rid of conservation in feudalist Europe and introducing new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie.During the Renaissance, Thomas Wyatt was the first one to introduce the sonnet into English poetry.Wiliam Shakespeare⏹Hamlet⏹The merchant of venice⏹Sonnet 18⏹The sonnet form: A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem, traditionally written in iambicpentameter .A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.⏹Type:a.The Italian sonnet, or Petrarch sonnet, consist of a octave(8-line stanza) andsestet(6-line stanza), rhymed abba abba cde cde. 意大利式或彼特拉克式 由前8行 octave 和后6行 sestet 两部分组成 尾韵形式分为abba,abba或abab,abab和cde,cde或cd,cd,cd.b.Spenserian sonnet consists of three quatrains and a couplet, rhymed abab bcbccdcd ee. 斯宾塞式 由3个四行诗节和一个两行诗节组成 尾韵形式为ababbcbc cdcd ee。
英国文学史及选读 期末试题及答案
考试课程:英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX考试专业：英语考试班级:英语xx班I。
Multiple choice （30 points，1 point for each）select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement。
1。
_____，a typical example of old English poetry ，is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons。
A.The Canterbury TalesB.The Ballad of Robin HoodC。
The Song of Beowulf D。
Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght2。
_____is the most common foot in English poetry.A。
The anapest B。
The trocheeC。
The iamb D.The dactyl3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event？A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture。
B.England's domestic restC。
New discovery in geography and astrologyD.The religious reformation and the economic expansion4。
英国文学史18th century习题
英国文学18th century习题问题1 Pamela is written in the form of a ______novel.问题2 The best part of Robinson Crusoe is the realistic account of his ______ against the hostile nature.问题3 Daniel Defoe describes _________ as a typical English middle-class man of the 18th century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist.问题4 Friday is a character in the novel__________.问题5 “Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt wi’ the sun: I will luve thee still, my dear, While the sa nds o’ life shall run.”The above verse lines are taken from the famous poem “________”.问题6 _________ ’s poem “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” is taken as a model of sentimentalist poetry, esp. the Graveyard school.问题7 The principal elements of the ________Novel are mystery, horror and suspense.问题8 _________ ranks among the greatest satirist of England, and of the world. “A Modest Proposal” is one of his satirical works.问题9The only important English dramatist produced in the 18th century is ________.问题10 In Gulliver’s Travels, Yahoos are the creatures living on ________.问题11 In the first part of Robinson Crusoe, the hero saved a savage and named him ________ 问题12 The main literary stream of the 18th century was ________. What the writers described were mainly social realities.问题13The greatest novelist of the 18th century, and also one of the greatest that England ever produced is _______ , who is considered as the founder of the English realistic novel.问题14 The literary form of neoclassicism is of the strict symmetry. The prevailing genre of neo-classical literature is the _______ which consists of two riming lines of iambic pentameter, and the second line completes the thoughts expressed by the couplet.问题15 _______ is undoubtedly the greatest poet Scotland has ever produced. His “Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect” is of great importance.问题16 In the middle decades of the 18th century ________ became the leader of the classic school in English poetry and prose.问题17 Joseph Andrew is Fielding’s first novel. He wrote the novel with the intention of ridiculing Richard’s novel __________问题18The Rivals written by __________is a clever satire on the sentimental and pseudo-romantic fancies of many young women of the upper classes of the 18th century.问题19 _________ is a typical feature of Swift’s writings.问题20 In _________ , Jonathan Swift suggests that children of the poor Irish people be sold at one year old as food for the English nobles. It shows his indignation toward the terrible oppression and exploitation of the Irish people by the English ruling class.问题21 The 18th century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of ________. 问题22 Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, _______ was the first to introduce rationalism to England.问题23 Sir Walter Scott called _______ the father of English fiction.问题24 The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling has been praised for its excellent plot construction.The three big divisions of the adventures of the hero and the heroine are marked by thechange of scenes: in the country, on the road and in __________.问题25 In the last twenty years of the 18th century, England produced two well-known romantic poets. They are William Blake and ________问题26 In Robinson Crusoe, the writer glorifies ______ .A. hard work and successB. independence and strong willC. pride and happinessD. human labor and the Puritan fortitude问题27 Which of the following cannot correctly describe Enlightenment Movement?A. It advocated individual education.B. Enlightenment Movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance.C. The purpose of the movement was to enlighten the whole world.D. Enlightenment Movement flourished in France.问题28 In the Houyhnhnm land, Gulliver found that ______ were hairy, wild, low and despicable brutes while ______ are endowed with reason and all good and admirable qualities.A. the horses ... the YahoosB. the Yahoos ... human beingsC. the horses ... human beingsD. the Yahoos ... the horses问题29 The social significance of Gulliver’s Travels lies in _____.A. the devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European lifeB. his artistic skill in making the story an organic wholeC. his central concern of study of human nature and lifeD. both B and C问题30 In the following writings by Henry Fielding, which br ings him the name of the “Prose Homer”?A. Jonathan Wild the GreatB. A Sentimental JourneyC. The History of Tom Jones, a FoundlingD. Joseph Andrews问题31 Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that ________.A. the former celebrates reason, rationality, order and instruction while the latter sees literature as an expression on an individual’s feelings and expe riencesB. the former is heavily religious but the latter secularC. the former is an intellectual movement, the purpose of which is to arouse the middle class for political rights while the latter is concerned with the personal cultivationD. the former advocates the “return to nature” whereas the latter turns to the ancient Greek and Roman writers for its models问题32 In the 18th century, _______found its expression chiefly in poetry, especially that of William Blake and Robert burns.A. pre-romanticismB. neoclassicismC. realismD. sentimentalism问题33 Many of Burns’ songs deal with friendship, ______has long become a universal parting-song of all the English-speaking countries.A. John Anderson, My JoB. A Red, Red RoseC. My Heart’s in the HighlandsD. Auld Lang Syne问题34 Thomas Gray has been regarded as the leader of the ______ of the day.A. religious poetryB. modern poetryC. romantic poetryD. sentimental poetry问题35 Jonathan Swift held the opinion that human nature ______ , thus human nature and human institutions both needed constant reform and improvement.A. was a mixture of the angelic and the satanicB. was seriously and permanently flawedC. was erroneous but capable of redemptionD. had been corrupted and depraved问题36 Which of the following is not true about Samuel Richardson?A. His novels have a moral purpose.B. He has much sympathy for women in their inferior social status.C. He is the master of writing epistolary novels.D. He is the first novelist of realist tradition.问题37 The 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties, _____.A. the upper House and lower HouseB. the House of Lords and the House of RepresentativesC. the Senate and the House of RepresentativesD. the Whigs and the Tories问题38 In his novel, Robinson Crusoe, Defoe eulogizes the hero of the _____ .A. aristocratic classB. hard-working peopleC. enterprising landlordsD. rising bourgeoisie 问题39 Of the eighteenth-century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to _____.A. instruct the people through his writingB. amuse the people through his worksC. adopt the third-person narrationD. give the modern novel its structure and style问题40 _______is of the author of the first dictionary by an Englishman—Dictionary of the English Language, which has become the foundation of all subsequent English dictionaries.A. Samuel RichardsonB. Oliver GoldsmithC. Laurence SterneD. Samuel Johnson问题41 Which of the following novels by Henry Fielding satirizes the political system of England and the then Prime Minister Sir Robert Walpole?A. AmeliaB. The History of Tom Jones, a FoundlingC. Joseph AndrewsD. Jonathan Wild the Great问题42 The rise and growth of __________is the most prominent achievement of the 18th century English literature, which has given the world such writers as Daniel Defoe, Jonathan swift and Henry fielding.A. neo-classical poetryB. sentimentalist novelC. gothic novelD. realistic novel问题43 The only novel of Oliver Goldsmith is _________, which gives a detailed account of the numerous misfortunes befalling the central character and his family.A. The Vicar of WakefieldB. PamelaC. AmeliaD. Tome Jones问题44 Gothic novels are mostly stories of ____, which take place in some haunted or dilapidated Middle Age castles.A. sea adventuresB. saints and martyrsC. love and warD. mystery and horror问题45 Which of the following place does Gulliver visit first in Gulliver’s Travels?A. HouyhnhnmsB. LaputaC. LilliputD. Brobdingnag问题46 Which of the following is NOT a character in the novel The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling?A. BlifilB. SophiaC. Mr. AllworthyD. Amelia问题47 _______was a progressive intellectual movement going on throughout Europe in the 18th century.A. The RenaissanceB. Puritan MovementC. Romantic MovementD. The Enlightenment 问题48 In the William Blake’s poetry, the father (and any other in whom he saw the image of the father such as God, Priest and King) was usually a figure of_______.A. benevolenceB. loveC.admirationD.tyranny问题49 _________is William Blake’s most important prose work, which is the manifesto of his spiritual independence.A. JerusalemB. Songs of ExperienceC. The Marriage of Heaven and HellD. Songs of Innocence 问题50 _________came into being as a result of a bitter discontent on the part of certain enlighteners in society reality.A. NeoclassicismB. RealismC. HumanismD. Sentimentalism问题51 Which of the following is not true about Robinson Crusoe?A. It is a record of Defoe’s own experience.B. It is written in the autobiographicalC. It is set in the middle of the 17th centuryD. Robinson spends 28 years of isolated life on the island问题52 Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels is the greatest ________ work in English literature.A. romanticB. satiricC. poeticD. realistic问题53 The following on Daniel Defoe are true except ________ .A. Robinson Crusoe is his first novelB. In his novels, his sympathy for the downtrodden, unfortunate poor is shownC. Robinson Crusoe is universally considered his masterpieceD. He was a member of the upper class问题54 According to the neoclassicists, which of the following is true?A. All forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers.B. They tried to delight, instruct and correct human beings as social animals.C. They tried to develop a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual art.D. All the above.问题55 Jonathan Swift’s famous prose work________ is a satirical dialogue between the Ancients and the Moderns in the character of the Bee and the Spider.A. A Modest ProposalB. The Drapier’s LettersC. The Battle of the BooksD. A Tale of a Tub问题56 Blake’s Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a world of _______ .A. hope and experienceB. misery and povertyC. happiness and innocenceD. happiness and misery问题57 Sheridan’s _____is the best English comedy since the days of Shakespeare.A. The Conscious LoversB. She Stoops to ConquerC. The School for ScandalD. The Rivals问题58 Of all the 18the century novelists, _________ was the first to set out in theory and practice, to write specially a “comic epic in prose”, and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A. Daniel DefoeB. Henry FieldingC. Samuel RichardsonD. Oliver Goldsmith问题59 Modern English novel arose in the ________century.A. 16thB. 19thC. 17thD. 18th问题60 Blake’s Songs of Experience paints a w orld of _____ with a melancholy tone.A. loss and institutional cruelty with sufferingsB. happiness and love and romantic idealsC. misery, poverty mixed with love and happinessD. misery, poverty, disease, war and repression。
英国文学史知识点
一、The Anglo-Saxon period 449-10661、这个时期的文学作品分类： pagan异教徒 Christian基督徒2、代表作： The Song of Beowulf 贝奥武甫 national epic 民族史诗采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration 押头韵写作手法例子： of man was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period 1066-1350Canto 诗章1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作： Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 高文爵士和绿衣骑士是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer 1340-1400 杰弗里.乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed押韵 lines in iambic pentameter五步抑扬格3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事英国文学史的开端大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事,无形中表明了各自的观点,展示了各自的性格;小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions迷信 and a blind belief in fate盲目地相信命运.他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来;4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed笔记Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission书上.歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式代表人物：Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯.帕希主教代表作：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔四、The Renaissance 16世纪文艺复兴时期Greek and Roman 戏剧 drama 诗章 cantoThe term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical Greek and Roman arts and sciences.文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴;The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama文艺复兴时期的英国戏剧也得到了迅速的发展;1、key work: humanism 人文主义： admire human beauty and human achievement2、代表人物：1、Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔 Utopia 乌托邦2、Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根第一个散文家essayist3、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯.怀亚特引入十四行诗的第一人sonnet十四行诗： form of poetry intricately rhymed间隔押韵 in 14 lines iambic pentameter4、Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯宾塞poet’s poet诗人中的诗人 The Fairy Queen仙后epic poem 史诗5、Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗.马洛blank verse无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式;6、William Shakespeare 威廉姆.莎士比亚戏剧 drama四大悲剧：Hamlet哈姆雷五、the period of Revolution and Restoration 17世纪资产阶级革命与王权复辟prose 散文1、文学特点：the Puritans清教徒 believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals.清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离;2、代表人物：1、John Donne 约翰.多恩“metaphysical”poets 玄学派诗人的代表人物sonnet 十四行诗 Death be not proud笔记作品特点：①strike the reader in Donne’s extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.坦诚的态度和现实描绘② novelty of subject matter and point新颖的题材和视角③ novelty of its form.新颖的形式2、John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿 a great poet 诗人poem 诗歌 blank verse Defense for the English People为英国人辩护Paradise Lost 失乐园“Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是坏人Paradise Regained复乐园、John Bunyan 约翰.拜扬a great prose writer “give us the only great allegory寓言”Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程 prose 散文该书采用的写作手法“written in the old-fashioned旧体形式, medieval form of allegory比喻and dream”六、The Age of Enlightenment 18世纪启蒙运动prose 散文1、Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope. 特,Othello奥赛罗,King Lear李尔王,The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白强调正确的格式和写作规范,像艾迪生一样创作散文,和蒲柏一样创作诗歌;The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism.启蒙运动实际上是当时先进的资产阶级同落后的封建主义斗争的一种形式;The enlighteners repudiate the false religious doctrines about theviciousness of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment.启蒙主义者颠覆了宗教所宣扬的人类本恶的观点；论证了人生诚实而友善,而腐化堕落则是后天腐败的社会环境所致;Contrary to all reasoning, social injustice still held strong, found the power of reason to be insufficient, and therefore appealed to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice.无论怎样讲究理性,社会不平等现象仍然普遍存在,理性的力量明显不足;因此呼吁把情感的诉求作为一种谋求幸福和社会公平的手段;2、18th century 文学的三个方面：Classicism古典主义、revival of romantic poetry新兴的浪漫主义诗歌、beginnings of the modern novel刚启萌的现代派小说3、代表人物：1、Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福 realistic novel 现实主义小说Novel：Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记 Jonathan Wild乔纳森.威尔德 Moll Flanders摩尔.弗兰德斯2、Henry Fielding 亨利.菲尔丁 father of modern fiction现代小说之父Joseph Andrews约瑟夫.安德鲁斯受到了理查森的帕美勒的启发作家之间的不同：Richardson —— no humor, minces words, moralizes. 不幽默,咬文嚼字,说教Fielding —— direct, vigorous, hilarious, and coarse to the point of vulgarity,full of animal spirits, tells the story of a vagabond life 语言直接、生动、欢快、粗糙,甚至有点俗,精神焕发,讲述流浪者的故事;The History of Tom Jones, a foundling弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事 the best novel of him 3、Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威夫特Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记 novel 反讽作品特点：no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice; the tone is cold, restrained, ironic, varied only by some flashes of fooling when Swift’s sense of the ridiculour gets the better of him.努不动颜,骂不扬声,语调冷酷,锋芒暗藏,讽刺辛辣,仅在讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄之态;A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议4、Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔.理查森Pamela帕美勒 The method of psychological analysis 心理分析的方法In the form of letters 书信体小说5、Richard B. Sheridan 理查德.B.谢尔丹School for Scandal造谣学校,喜剧 comedy6、Oliver Goldsmith’s 奥利佛.哥尔德斯密斯散文作家 essayistThe Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德的牧师,小说 novelShe Stoops to Conquer委曲求全,欢乐喜剧 rollicking comedyThe Deserted Village荒村,诗歌 poems4、Sentimentalism 感伤主义 no belief 没有信仰The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people.感伤主义的代表人物在继续反对封建主义的同时又模糊的感觉到资本主义进程中出现的种种矛盾,感觉到资本主义制度对人性的奴役和破坏;代表人物：Thomas Gray 托马斯.格雷 Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌七、the Romantic Period 1798-1832浪漫主义散文 prose1、前浪漫主义代表人物：William Blake 威廉.布莱克诗人 poetRobert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯苏格兰诗人 poetPre-Romanticism was greatly influenced by the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution前浪漫主义极大地影响了工业革命和法国大革命;2、教育意义Educational：liberty, equality and fraternity 自由,平等,博爱3、开始的标志：beginning with the publication of William Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads从威廉.华兹华斯发表的"抒情歌谣"开始4、lake poets湖畔诗人：Coleridge Southey Wordsworth5、代表人物： 1、William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯 poet-laureate 桂冠诗人The Prelude序曲自传性诗歌Autobiographical poetry作品特点：simplicity and purity of the language, fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry简单而纯洁的语言,反传统形式的18世纪诗歌2、Lord Byron 拜伦Childe Harold Pilgrimage查尔德哈罗德游记 cantos 诗章成名作 Don Juan唐璜 poem 诗 satiric masterpiece 讽刺的杰作 Hours of Idleness闲散时刻 poem 诗 the first volume of poem 首卷诗3、Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱 Prometheus Unbound解放的普罗米修斯 drama 戏剧 Ode to the West Wind西风颂 poem 诗4、John Keats 济慈 poet 诗人 The Eve of St. Agnes圣阿格良斯之夜 poem On a Greeian Urn希腊古瓮颂 poem To a Nightingale致夜莺poem “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”美学原则5、Walter Scott 沃特.斯科特 He is the creator and a great master of the historical novel. 他是创造者和历史小说大师6、Jane Austen 简.奥斯丁女Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见 Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感Emma爱玛写作特点：the love-making of her young people, though serious and sympathetic, is subdued by humor to the ordinary plane of emotion on which most of us live. She was the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middleclass people. 她是中产阶级小说的发起人;7、Charles Lamb 查尔斯.兰伯 essayist散文家6、十九世纪散文的特点：In the first of these two periods Addison and Steele socialized the essay, so to speak; they brought it into everyday life and made it familiar and delightful to the multitude. 在这两个时期的开始,艾迪生和斯蒂尔的社会散文把散文带入日常生活,并使其熟悉和并令人愉快;Early in the nineteenth century it became more definitely a means of intimate self-expression.在十九世纪前期,散文变得对自我的表达越来越肯定八、Critical Realism 批判现实主义 ,Victorian Period 维多利亚时期 humanism 人文主义1、意义：Chartism signified the first great political movement of the proletariat in English history.在英国的历史中,宪章运动是伟大的无产阶级政治运动;2、代表人物：1、Charles Dickens 狄更斯 Hard Times艰难时刻 Pickwick Papers匹克威克外传 Oliver Twist雾都孤儿 A Tale of Two Cities双城记描述了法国大革命French Revolution特点：describing the misery and sufferings of common people.描述苦难和苦难的群众;2、Charlotte Bronte 夏洛特.勃郎特女 Shirley雪利 Jane Eyre简.爱Emily Bronte 艾米丽.勃郎特Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄主人公：Mr. Heathcliff 特点：brought to the novel an introspection and an intense concentration on the inner life of emotion which before them had been the province of poetry alone.3、Mrs. Gaskell Mary Barton, North and South玛丽.巴顿,北方和南方4、William Makepeace Thackeray Vanity Fair名利场— this title was borrowed by Thackeray from The Pilgrim’s Progress by Bunyan. Thackeray draws a broad panorama of social life in his novel, ruthlessly criticizing money worship, cruelty and unscrupulousness. 在他的小说中描绘了广阔的社会生活,无情抨击了残酷和不择手段的拜金主义人物：Rebecca Sharp — a perfect embodiment of the spirit of Vanity Fair as her only aspiration in life is to gain wealth and position by and means.唯一的愿望人生就是在名利场中,完美的获取财富和地位的手段; 特点： novels mainly contain a satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society;小说是一个含有讽刺意味的上流社会写照;5、George Eliot 乔治.艾略特女 Adam Bedenovel The mill on the flossMiddlemarch Her preoccupation was always with the serious consideration of the moral position of the individual in the universe, but her psychological insight into the development of character.她最认真考虑的是个人的道德立场,但是她的心洞察了个性的发展; 特点：the s ignificance of G. Eliot’s work lies in the portrayal of the pettiness and stagnancy of English provincial life 艾略特写作的意义在于琐碎的描绘和英国生活的停滞;3、桂冠诗人poet-laureate：1、Alfred Tennyson 2、Robert Browning My last duchess已故的公爵夫人 Jealousy 嫉妒 Stingy小气贡献：Dramatic monologues 戏剧独白 dramatic lyrics 戏剧抒情诗 dramatic romances 戏剧传奇九、The transition from 19th to 20th century in English literature 19到20世纪英国文学的过渡期1、Aestheticism 唯美主义“art for art’s sake” 为艺术而艺术2、代表人物;1、Thomas Hardy 悲观主义者Pessimists Tess of the D’Urbervilles 苔丝 Jude the obscure裘德 novel 特点：His career is thus divided sharply between his Victorian novels and his post-Victorian poetry. 他的生涯就是他的小说和他的后维多利亚诗歌之间的尖锐分歧;2、Oscar Wilde “art for art’s sake” 为艺术而艺术3、George Bernard Shaw 剧作家playwright Mrs. Warren’s profession华莱夫人的职业4、D. H. Lawrence Lady Chatterley’s Lover查泰莱夫人的情人 The Rainbow彩虹 Sons and lovers儿子与情人3、“stream of consciousness”意识流代表人物：1、Virginia Woolf Mrs. DallowayA Room of One’s Own Woolf was much concerned with the position of women. 非常重视妇女的地位 2、James Joyce Ulysses。
英国文学发展史一览
英国文学发展史一览1.English Literature of Anglo-Saxon PeriodTime: about 7th centuryFeatures: verse literature （唱诗）two groups: pagan （非宗教性的） and religiousMain works:“Beowulf”poetry by Caedmon and Cynewulf2.English Literature of Middle CenturiesTime: mid 11th Century – 15th CenturyFeatures:1.influence of the Norman Conquest2.Main works and writers:3.the Romances （骑士文学）4.Chaucer’s “The Canterbury Tales”3.English Literature of RenaissanceTime: early 16th Century—mid 17th CenturyFeatures: the first glori ous period of English literary history, “ A nest of singing birds …” （百家争鸣，百花齐放）Main writers:1.Thomas More2.Edmund Spencer3.Francis Bacon4.Shakespeare4.English Literature during the Bourgeois RevolutionTime:1625—1688The English Bourgeois Revolution begins from 1642Features:Puritan age represented by John MiltonMain literary form: PoetryMain writers:John Milton 1608--16745.English Literature of the 18th CenturyFeatures:Also as the Enlightenment Movement Period （启蒙时期）It is divided into 3 stages:1.“Glorious revolution” to the end of 1730’s;2.The mature period (1740’s—1750’s);3.The last period covers the rest decades of the 18th century.Main authors:（小说家）Daniel Defoe， Jonathan Swift, Henry Fielding（诗人）Alexander Pope6.Romanticism in EnglandTime: 1798--1832Features:1.是英国文学史上诗歌最为繁盛的时期；2.分为消极和积极两组。
英美文学选读 英国文学部分思维导图-高清脑图分享
John Milton Herman Melville
knightly adverntures
popular in the mediecal period
a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society
Chaucer
The Canterbury Tales
154 sonnets 2 long poems
sonnet 18 Venus and Adonis The Rape of Lucrece
His plays are written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity
seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in literary expressions
instruct and correct human beings
fixed laws and rules
prose: precise, direct, smooth and flexible poetry: lyrical, epical, didactic, satiric or dramatic
the economic expansion
get rid of old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe
essence
introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie
Pericles
英国文学史选读复习资料
英国文学史选读复习资料英国文学简史复习资料General introduction of English literature1. 1) Old English Literature (449-1066) 古英语时期文学——The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》2) Medieval English Literature (1066-15th century) 中世纪英语时期文学——Geoffrey Chaucer (1340_1400) 杰弗里·乔叟2. Renaissance English literature (late 15th century ~ early 17th century) 文艺复兴——Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根——William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚——Ben Jonson 本·琼生——Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗·马洛3. English Literature of the Revolution and Restoration Period (1640-1688) 资产阶级革命与王朝复辟时期的文学——John Milton约翰·弥尔顿——John Bunyan 约翰·班扬4. 18th century English literature-the age of Enlightenment 启蒙运动时期——Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福——Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特——Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁——William Blake威廉·布莱克——Robert Burns罗伯特·彭斯5. Romantic English Literature (1798-1832) 浪漫主义时期——William Wordsworth, 威廉·华兹华斯——Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 塞缪·泰勒·柯勒律治——George Gordon Byron, 乔治·戈登·拜伦——Percy Bysshe Shelley 佩西·比舍·雪莱——John Keats, 约翰·济慈——Walter Scott 沃尔特·司各特——Jane Austen简·奥斯汀6. Critical Realistic Literature in the 19th Century 维多利亚时期（批判现实主义）——W.M. Thackeray, 萨克雷——C harles Dickens, 查尔斯·狄更斯——Robert Browning 罗伯特·布朗宁——Bronte sisters：Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, Ann Bronte——George Eliot乔治·艾略特——Matthew Arnold 马修·阿诺德——Thomas Hardy 托马斯·哈代——Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡·王尔德7. 20th Century English Literature——George Bernard Shaw乔治·萧伯纳——Joseph Conrad 约瑟夫·康拉德——William Butler Yeats 威廉·巴特勒·叶芝——Virginia Woolf弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫——James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯——D. H. Lawrence劳伦斯——T. S. Eliot 爱略特一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) ，Christian(基督徒)2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻metaphor 手法3、Alliteration 头韵（写作手法）例子：of m an was the m ildest and m ost beloved,To his k in the k indest, k eenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) 盎格鲁—诺曼时期1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里·乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷的故事集》(英国文学史的开端)大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。
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Songs of Innocence and of Experience
Blake never published Songs of Experience as a separate volume "the two Contrary States of the Human Soul” The two books: similar subject matter, different tone , emphasis and conclusion Style: plain, direct, lyrical, symbolic
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Samuel Johnson(1709-1784)
a genius fighting against disease Tourette syndrome抽动障碍 poor eyesight
3
Dr. Johnson’s life
poor family Marriage with a well-todo widow a poet, essayist, moralist, novelist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer A conservative agaiA MAN FOR A’THAT
我们吃粗茶淡饭， 穿破旧衣服，这样那样的，算得了什么？ 让蠢人穿绫罗绸缎，让恶棍去花天酒地， 人总是人，不管那一切， 不管那一切，那一切， 让他们虚有其表，这样那样的； 清白的人虽然一贫如洗， 却是人中英杰，不管那一切。
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A MAN’S A MAN FOR A’THAT
你看那个家伙，被称作“老爷”， 高视阔步，这样那样的？ 尽管上千人任凭他使唤， 他不过是个傻瓜，不管那一切。 不管那一切，那一切， 他那绶带、星章，这样那样的， 有独立见解的人 看了只会嗤笑那一切。
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A MAN’S A MAN FOR A’THAT
君王可以钦赐佩带册封爵士， 侯爵、公爵，这样那样的！ 但是清白的人可不服他的管—— 老实说，君王的权力对他毫不管用！ 不管那一切，那一切， 他们权势显赫，这样那样的； 洞察真理的睿智，值得自豪的品格， 高于那一切。
A poet as well as an engraver; a precursor of the Romantic movement
A life of seclusion, misunderstanding, and poverty
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Literary career
Self-printed poetry : produced his text and design on a copper plate →printing on paper →handcolored the final copy
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Poetry of William Blake
Idea bout human stage: innocence(天真状态）→experience（经验状态）→ higher stage of innocence （有机的天真） “Without contraries there can be no progression" Songs of Innocence (1789): a happy and innocent world Songs of Experience (1794): a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790): marriage of 2 opposite things
Dialect (1786)
Style: simplicity, pathos and humor
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A Red, Red Rose
A term: simile rich traditional associations of the rose. Questions for “A Red, Red Rose”: 1. What explains the “sands of life” metaphor? What traditional device used sand to measure time? 2. What instances of hyperbole can you find in this poem?
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A MAN’S A MAN FOR A’THAT
那么，让我们祈祷，但愿那一天会来到—— 不管那一切,那一天必定会来到， 那时智慧和品格将在全世界 赢得胜利，这样那样的！ 不管那一切，那一切， 那一天就要来到，不管那一切， 那时普天之下 人人皆是兄弟，不管那一切。
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William Blake
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Spring
Little Lamb, Here I am, Come and lick My white neck. Let me pull Your soft Wool. Let me kiss Your soft face. Merrily, Merrily to welcome in the Year. Songs of innocence contains many short lyrics with c h i l d i s h vision and simplicity.
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The Lamb 羔羊
Chapter 7 18th century English Literature II
Prose, Poetry, Drama
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18-th E.L.
Novel: Daniel Defoe, Henry Fielding Prose: Jonathan Swift, Joseph Addision and Richard Steele, Samuel Johnson Poetry: Alexander Pope, Thomas Gray, Robert Burns, William Blake Drama: Richard Brinsley Sheridan (The School for Scandal)
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Johnson’ s Dictionary
A Dictionary of the English Language
the most commonly used and imitated for the 150 years between its first publication (1755) and the appearance of the Oxford English Dictionary in 1928 8 years work , 42,773 entries, illustrating the meanings by literary quotation
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Robert Burns (1759-1796)
Burns was born in Scotland in a poor peasant family. Burns wrote poems and songs in the “light” Scottish dialect and in the tradition of Scottish folk songs. Themes: love and friendship, rural life, political liberty and social equality Major works: Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish
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上邪（ye)
诗经 汉乐府
上邪
上邪！我欲与君相知，长命无绝衰。 山无陵，江水为竭，冬雷震震夏雨 雪，天地合，乃敢与君绝！
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AULD LANG SYNE
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A MAN’S A MAN FOR A’THAT
人总是人，不管那一切
徐栋良 译
是否有人因清白的贫穷， 便垂头丧气，这样那样的？ 这种怯懦的奴才，我们不睬他—— 我们敢于做穷人，不管那一切！ 不管那一切，那一切， 我们干的活儿低贱，这样那样的； 官位不过是金币上的图案， 人才是真金，不管那一切。
first important Romantic poet: a contempt for the rule of reason, opposing classical tradition while treasuring the individual’s imagination “The nature of my work is visionary imaginative” his drawing: spiritual portraits his poetry: poems with visual images
一沙一世界，一花一天堂。无限掌中置，刹那成永恒。---徐志摩译 一颗沙里看出一个世界， 一朵野花里一座天堂， 把无限放在你的手掌上， 永恒在一刹那里收藏。
---梁宗岱 译
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Spring
Sound the Flute! Now it’s mute. Bird’s delight Day and Night. Nightingale In the dale, Lark in Sky Merrily Merrily, Merrily to welcome in the Year. Little Boy Full of joy. Little Girl Sweet and small. Cock does crow, So do you. Merry voice, Infant noise, Merrily, Merrily to welcome in the Year