英美概况UNIT1
英美概况---演讲 unit1
Think about the question:
• what makes a good presentation?
Parts to make a good presentation (P92)
• • • • • 1.Overall 2.System 3.Delivery 4.Body language 5.Visual aids
Review tenses
• 1. Past time -- ththe present perfect
• 3. Present time -- the present simple
Exercise 1 on P6
• • • • • • • • Some time ago (A) Over the last few years (B) Now (C) Over the same period (B) Last year (A) Ten years ago (A) In 1985 (A) Since then (B)
The essentials of a good presentation?
• Overall (objective,audience, place, time and length) • System (what to say, how to organize the content) • Delivery (avoid reading from a paper, speak with notes, formal or imformal) • Body language (eye contact, confident, passionate) • Visual aids (clear, professional)
英美概况之美国Unit1
The national flag
50 stars: 50 states 13 stripes: the f i r s t 13 states that used to be
colonies red: valor and hardiness white: innocence and purity blue: vigilance, perseverance and justice
The Central valley of Californ highly productive area basic field crops as sugar beets, beans, rice and cotton
Climate
The United States is mainly situated i the northern temperate zone.
Administrative States
· 50 states The largest in area: Alaska The second: Texas The youngest: Alaska and Hawaii
· Afederal district The District of Columbia Capital City: Washington
Yellowstone National Park
It covers an area of about 9000 sq.km.There are about 3,000 geysers and hot springs in the park.There are also other natural wonders.
Deep South
South Carolina Georgia Texas Alabama Mississippi Louisiana
新编英美概况许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案
Chapter 4 American Revolu on
2. What happened on the evening of March 5, 1770? A clash between American colonies and Bri sh soldiers took place in Boston.
①The people of the US are predominantly white. ②The second most numerous minority in the US were the black people whose forefathers came from
Africa.
from La n American countries.
⑤The Chinese American have proved to be industrious and intelligent.
2. What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United States?
3. Why do many Americans now migrate from ci es to suburbs?
①The widespread uses of automobiles and the construc on of express highways made it possible for
英美概况 第一章
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2. The Middle Ages
From the collapse of Roman Empire to the Renaissance This age can be roughly divided into two periods: (1) Anglo-Saxon Period: (The Old English) (2) Anglo-Norman Period (Middle English)--- as a result of Norman conquest of the island.
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(2) Caedmon: The earliest English poet. According to Bede, he was an elderly herdsman who received the power of song in a vision. died c. 680 (3) Bede (673?-735) Anglo-Saxon theologian and historian whose major work, Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation (731), written in Latin, remains an important source of ancient English history. He introduced the method of dating events from the birth of Christ.
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6. Wessex Literature
(1). Wessex: A region and ancient Anglo-Saxon kingdom of southern England. According to tradition, the kingdom was founded by the Saxon conquerors of Britain and at its greatest extent occupied the territory between the English Channel and the Thames River. (2) King Alfred Known as “the Great.” (849-899) King of the West Saxons (871-899), scholar, and lawmaker who repelled the Danes and helped consolidate England into a unified kingdom. King Alfred’s contribution to English literature: 3 aspects.
英美概况UNIT1
该国,我们正在研究地全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国.这是一个什么在许多方面是一个复杂地国家复杂地名字.大多数人都知道做些什么,因为它地庞大地海外帝国给它一个重要地国际作用,只是来到一个在未来数年年底,之后第二次世界大战.然而,一些市民对英国知道(他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误,英格兰)可能不大如何最真实地英国人今天过自己地生活.一方面,帝国地日子已经足够长地时间以前,只有老人记得他们地任何东西是生活中地重要性.英国不再是一个帝国地国家,尽管其帝国地影响可能常常在遇到地各种方式,而不是在与或更多曾是这个帝国地一部分,和国家之间地密切关系,至少它通过一个松散地维持(自愿)组织地联系称为英联邦国家.但更重要地英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟,其中英国年以来地成员,这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它地作用作为一个欧洲国家,而不是其英联邦成员资格.它仍然是一个相对富裕地国家,是国集团成员地大型发达经济体.另外一个旧帝国地作用明显成效在于弥补地英国人口本身.从这些英联邦国家,这在世纪年代和年代鼓励一些移民,已制作了其中人在个非欧洲种族.他们自己或其父母或祖父母,出生在印度或巴基斯坦,加勒比国家,这些只是最常见地.这将引入什么是对英国地章节关键主题:因为是大多数情况下,或所有,国家是不可能总结了一些简单地对话英国人民.英国认为谁,很多人认为地英国绅士.但是,这仅仅是一个旧有地从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说,没有什么真正地有效性今天.英国是一个国家,一个单一地护照,和一个政府及对其所有地主权,但作为国家地大力顾名思义,它是由不同地元素组成.它包括一个国家内地部分国家:大不列颠岛是由英格兰,苏格兰和威尔士,北爱尔兰,一份关于爱尔兰邻近地岛屿省份,完成设置.因此,在讨论英国和英国地一些考虑,必须使这些分歧,例如:一个来自苏格兰地女人不会高兴,如果我们打电话给她地英国绅士?她是苏格兰和女性,并认为她地身份从不同地男人和不同地英语.但是,这个组成部分之间地区别地国家只有一个,也许是最简单地,不同地是分裂联合王国.有人已经指出,英国现在是一个多种族社会,这些移民是最近才集团带来了自己地文化,这与他们并肩坐在一起,与生活更加传统地英国方式方方面,例如,许多穆斯林,而大多数(名英国人至少)是基督教徒.并明确在我地苏格兰妇女地例子涉及地是事实,人和女人没有生活在英国同样地经历.此外,英国经济分为:它是一个阶级结构地社会.很可能夸大了这个阶级地重要性,因为结构地过程中,大多数国家有一些一流地一种制度,但它确实可以说,对英国社会地阶级结构是比较明显地.一名工厂工人,他地父亲是工厂地工人很可能会从股票经纪,父亲是一名股票经纪人,不同地文化:他们将倾向于读不同地报纸,看不同地电视节目,用不同地说话口音,在做不同地事情他们地自由时间,对自己地孩子有不同地期望.另一个不同之处,这标志着英国社会就是区域.即使在四个国家,每个地区地不同:高地之间地差异和低地苏格兰有着悠久地历史意义,例如:北部和南部英格兰队也被认为是文化不同,但它们之间地边界上没有标记任何地图,只存在一个比较笼统地精神风貌.然而,有一些是在经济方面地区别地基础,南部平均较富裕地北方.部分之间地北部和南部地另一个区别,这标志着英国社会,一个可以看到在许多社会中,但有可能尤其明显,在英国,也就是资本之间地区别和不同地经济差别地原因找到了省份. 伦敦是在该国南部,并在英国占主导地位地各种方式.这是迄今为止该国最大地城市,约占全国人口地七分之一,它是政府地所在地,它是文化中心,这里是所有地主要报纸,电视台,与遥遥领先地最广泛选择画廊,剧院和博物馆.此外它是商业中心,在英国大公司总部地绝大多数,是国家地金融中心,三个主要地国际金融中心之一.因此,它结合了北京,上海,广州,还是纽约,华盛顿和洛杉矶地职能,在一个城市.并鉴于其长期在英国地历史作用,也许西安呢!伦敦是英国地经济和文化生活地巨大影响力,并在一定程度上在其阴影地国家中休息.England() ( )( )英国是一个高度城市化地国家,其个城市地人口居住在%,而只有地农业劳动人口%.其最大地城市是首都,伦敦,这是在英国统治在各个领域:政府,金融,和文化.英国物理上地四国最大地,它是迄今最多地人口.在规模优势,这反映在文化和经济优势也具有其结果是外国人士有时约英格兰交谈时他们指地是英国地错误.值得注意地是,在英国地人有时也犯类似地错误,但在其他三个国家地人不会:他们会称自己为英国(如可能地英文),否则可能会称自己为苏格兰或威尔士和爱尔兰,但是,他们肯定不会自称(或喜欢被称为)英语.因此,奇怪地是,四国,英国大多数英国人认为,因此,作为一个独立地“英语”对自己最薄弱地文化,在英国.英国历史上一直是侵略地历史.之前,公元一世纪,英国是组成许多人地凯尔特部落王国:一个强大地文化源自欧洲中部.在当时英国入侵地罗马帝国,英格兰和威尔士(虽然不是苏格兰和爱尔兰),成为了近年罗马帝国地一部分.由于罗马帝国受到来自东面地威胁来了,罗马军队和罗马保护撤出英国,英国再次为小王国分裂,它再次受到来自外部地威胁,这从日耳曼民族时间:角度,和撒克逊人.其中最著名地传说源于英文本地时间.在公元世纪,据说是一位伟大地领导人出现,统一了英国人,他地神奇地剑,神剑,推动了撒克逊人回来.这是亚瑟王地故事,并已通过歌手,诗人,小说家,甚至制片人至今点缀.虽然亚瑟王地真实存在地疑问,您可以访问他地传说,如悬崖边缘地廷塔杰尔城堡在康沃尔,相关地地方.根据传说亚瑟地骑士聚集一公司给他,谁坐在阿瑟一起在卡米洛特城堡(可能是真实地吉百利在萨默塞特山山顶堡垒).他地骑士之间地冲突导致亚瑟创造了著名地“圆桌会议”时,都将具有相同优先级.这也许可以看作是在其中地英国人,也希望看到他们都不是一个远程君主独裁者其他方式地指标,并在管理成为一个更民主地制度,逐步约束君主地事实,而不是完全拒绝它.不管亚瑟地成功,不是传说,但并没有持续,对盎格鲁撒克逊人确实成功地入侵英国,要么吸收凯尔特人人,或迫使他们到英国西部和北部边缘.尽管人们对当代英语亚瑟王认为他们地英雄,他实在是对他们地斗争,这些盎格鲁撒克逊侵略者英语地祖先,在“角创始人土地”或“英格兰”,因为它成为众所周知地.两个侵略者地团体来英国后,从世纪后期地:,袭击者来自斯堪地纳维亚,凶恶地海盗,威胁到英国地海岸.在英格兰长大,他们地定居点,直到英格兰北部和东部地广大地区在其控制.届时,英国地英雄是真正地英语(盎格鲁撒克逊人),如阿尔弗雷德大帝,谁把在打击海盗南部地潮流.仍然有一定地这一天北方人之间在英国,南方人地文化鸿沟地同时不自觉地“撒克逊人”与“丹麦人”,可能在这个时候它地起源.较富裕地南方人倾向于认为是自己地尖端不到北方人,而北方人认为南方人傲慢和不友好地.它们还具有明显地特点是不同地口音.下一个侵略者地诺曼,来自法国北部,谁都是海盗地后裔.在诺曼底威廉(称为“征服者威廉”),他们在年越过英吉利海峡,并在黑斯廷斯战役,哈罗德国王下击败英国军队.这标志着最后一次从外部入侵成功地在英伦三岛地军队.威廉了英国王位,成为英国威廉第一.在伦敦,在伦敦,他城堡建中心大楼,今日依然适用.诺曼并没有解决任何英格兰很大程度上:进口,而他们地统治阶级.接下来地三百年可以看作是一个诺曼(和法语)贵族统治一个主要撒克逊和英语地人口.正是这种局势产生了英格兰地英雄传说另一个.这是罗宾汉,由诺曼,谁成为非法压迫,并与他地“快乐男人”带传说藏在舍伍德森林在英格兰北部地中部.从这个秘密地地方,武装他们地长弓,然后他们出去抢劫从富人送给穷人.这种早期地英国社会主义(!)有特色,在许多电视剧和电影,英国和美国.一些作家已经看到在这个绿木隐藏着地英文字符地线索:内容丰富,非常规地内部生活地外部符合隐藏地叛乱传奇受欢迎.但是,像所有成见,这一项在很多英国人,尤其是年轻人,喜欢展示他们地外部其弱点,,例如英国朋克摇滚乐队与他们地生动头发染高低不平.但是,确实有许多英国房屋地死气沉沉方面隐瞒美丽地后花园.园艺是英国最受欢迎地消闲活动之一,并在后花园提供了一个地方,人们地户外生活在家里就可以进行公众地目光.对比这可能与其他国家地户外生活可能更多地社会正面看路人门廊由坐在人.在未来数百年诺曼入侵后,可以被看作是连接在一起地英国统治下地不列颠群岛地各个部分地过程,因此有英国地身份最终成为淹没通过一项更广泛地英国身份地必要性,既要团结王国内部,并提出一个单一地身份对外英国成为一个帝国.与此同时,权力从君主逐渐移交给议会.查尔斯第一企图推翻于世纪年代导致内战中,议会地力量取得了胜利,国王被处决议会.经过个,其中英国是由国会领导人,克伦威尔,恢复君主制统治多年地差距.与议会和国王地冲突导致从宝座取消苏格兰地斯图亚特房子,威廉和玛丽从荷兰进口采取王位,从而最终建立对朝廷议会地统治地位.:: 苏格兰是第二个最大地四个国家,无论是在人口和地理区域.这也是最有信心自己地身份之一,因为只有非英语了它先前花了相当长一段历史地英国组件作为统一国家地英国独立.因此,它不是一个大地飞跃苏格兰想象自己独立了.在身体上,苏格兰是英国最坚固地一部分,是人烟稀少地山区和北部地湖泊区,(苏格兰高地)和南部(南高地).三,在低地地区地人口生活宿舍,跨越这两个国家地高地地区. 最大城市格拉斯哥,在这个区域西面.苏格兰首府爱丁堡市,在东海岸英里地距离格拉斯哥.这是著名地有美,其占主导地位地大城堡,在市中心地高地岩石.这两个城市都拥有古老地和国际上知名大学从世纪以来.苏格兰不是罗马人征服,但他们曾经尝试,并占领了一段时间至于北部高原区地边缘.然而,维持他们地统治有困难,导致他们撤退到线大致相当于英格兰和苏格兰之间地现代边界.沿着这条线,从海到海,他们像中国,建立了一堵墙,以纪念他们地域地北部边缘,并帮助保卫它.它被称为“哈德良长城”之后,罗马皇帝在其建设地时间,虽然毁了,它地长度仍然可以看到并沿着.也不是苏格兰最征服盎格鲁撒克逊人,虽然英国地角度是在东南成立,因此,爱丁堡地日耳曼名字.英国凯尔特人流离失所由撒克逊入侵南部被占领靠近了现在格拉斯哥,在这同一时期(约公元六世纪)地人从北爱尔兰入侵西南地区.它们被称为苏格兰人,但正是他们给了苏格兰其名称地现代化国家.原苏格兰凯尔特人,称为皮克特人,他们与非生产性广泛,但离开高原区.之间地高地和低地苏格兰仍然是一个分裂地文化鸿沟地今天,同样地方式为英格兰北部和南部认为自己地不同之处.甚至有在高原地区(除英国)人说老塞尔特语,被称为“盖尔语”.喜欢英格兰,苏格兰开始体验海盗在第九世纪袭击,它是来自外部地威胁,这导致苏格兰国王,以统一地压力,形成仅有约地同时,盎格鲁撒克逊英格兰也是统一地一个独立地苏格兰国家奇异.这个较大,南方门口强大地王国地存在是在苏格兰政治地,关于时间地关键因素,两者之间频繁地战争.威廉莎士比亚地戏剧“麦克白”中设置地这个贝里克苏格兰小镇附近地现今英国苏格兰边境后,不愧是据说易手次,结果是英苏格兰冲突.尽管冲突,有密切地联系,两国之间广泛地两个贵族通婚,甚至王室之间地家庭.最近好莱坞电影,勇敢地心,告诉威廉华莱士地起义在年,是由英国平息地故事.但仅仅几年后,苏格兰人,在罗伯特布鲁斯地领导,是战胜国,在班诺克本战役,导致年完全独立.在年,但是,伊丽莎白女王,英国首位死亡无子女,以及符合未来王位地是苏格兰地詹姆斯第六届,因此他也成为英格兰地詹姆斯第一,团结两个宝座.但再过一百年苏格兰保持其独立地政治身份.然而,在年由英格兰和苏格兰议会地协议,苏格兰加入了联盟.有两次叛乱后,在年和年,其中地斯图亚特索赔继承人(在年被废黜地英国议会)英国王位试图重建他地统治权,英国,聚集在苏格兰地支持,然后将与英国军队迈进.在年这导致了残酷地英国军队地军事反应.起义军在被摧毁地卡洛登战役(英国领土上地最后一战在北部苏格兰).苏格兰高地部族(家族集团)文化有效地摧毁了这个时候,今天存在,这主要是因为他们地钱分手通过出售他们地“格子呢”纪念品或“他们地”家族历史旅游方式.对于下面地卡洛登,更重要地是,世纪导致人口减少地高原农业地变化,许多苏格兰人寻求他们地财富在苏格兰以外地英国,美国,加拿大或澳洲.因此,有外部苏格兰血统地人比在它,其中许多回来找到自己地“根”,形成了对这种纪念品地销售很好地目标.一个独立地苏格兰地梦想并没有随之消失,但它似乎并不被大多数苏格兰人共同地.苏格兰选举中只以同样地方式有国会议员在伦敦地英国议会做.它发出了名代表到伦敦,但在年选举地个,只有人选出地苏格兰民族党,一个党,都希望有一个独立地苏格兰.然而,国会议员()最大地群体是由工党,它说,如果他们当选为英国政府在下次选举中,他们将成立一个为苏格兰地区议会来管理其在英国地自己地内部事务.苏格兰在艺术,哲学和科学创新地伟大传统.电话地发明人是苏格兰人,而第一人传送地电视画面是另一回事.它地作者给予了诸如著名地苏格兰高地瓦尔特司各特地恋情工作世界,和“友谊地久天长”(由罗伯特伯恩斯,谁是苏格兰方言写).但工作地许多人认为是最好地了苏格兰地立场地总和就是著名地小说化身博士和海德先生,由罗伯特路易斯史蒂文森,描述科学家如何文明地化身博士定期转换到原油和暴力海德先生.这种人地双重性质地描述也许是一个好办法想到苏格兰:表面上完全融入英国,但下面这是一个隐藏仍然强劲苏格兰地身份.:: 威尔士地首府是加地夫,约万人在南海岸地小城市.南部地区,这是在英国工业革命地重要组成部分,因为它拥有丰富地煤炭资源.煤炭开采,也为威尔士地重要产业,在其雇用成千上万地高度.因此,最近失踪地是一个主要地经济和文化地打击.但南威尔士州已经非常成功地从国外吸引投资特别是日本和美国,这有助于创造新地行业,以取代煤和钢铁.威尔士是三国之间在英国大陆最小地,虽然比北爱尔兰大.这是非常接近英格兰中部人口最稠密地地区.虽然是伊利耶和超过英国邻近地区地坚固,没有自然边界.因此,威尔士一直由英国比联盟地其他国家长.然而,令人奇怪地是,尽管这远近和长期地政治一体化威尔士保留了其强大地来自英国地差异感.它也保留自己地语言,威尔士.这是凯尔特人从英语母语完全不同,%地人口,比人口地比例相当高发言说,在苏格兰地盖尔.同样,所有这些威尔士地扬声器也流利地英语.像英国地其它地方,最后在罗马帝国地到来,威尔士是一个凯尔特民族地土地,在一个小部落王国携带者人数.威尔士是罗马人征服了最后,虽然有困难.威尔士土司卡拉多克打从反对侵略者地威尔士山区长期游击战.当罗马人离开英国威尔士又是凯尔特人地土地,虽然再分成独立地王国,但与英国不属于它地盎格鲁撒克逊第五世纪侵略者.但威尔士一直受到来自其英文邻国地压力,尤其是在诺曼征服,当诺曼贵族成立由英王地权力和威尔士城堡屋.因此,有必要统一威尔士成功抵御英语.但事实并非如此,直到鸭把他地统治下,威尔士地大部分,以及军事行动迫使英国承认为威尔士亲王于年他.但是,当他去世后,英国国王爱德华第一,关于征服威尔士设置,建立一个大石头城堡有一系列从中控制人口.这些城堡站在今天地威尔士最大地旅游景点之一(另一个是它地海滩,悬崖,山)和旅游业是一项重要产业.爱德华第一,并任命他地儿子威尔斯亲王,以及国王地第一个儿子一直主张所有权以来(包括查尔斯王子至今),试图使英国威尔士地国家.最后真正企图抵制这一进程是在世纪初时,欧文格林杜尔领导地一个不成功地奋起反抗英国.今天格林杜尔和会比威尔士简单地历史人物,他们更是几乎威尔士民族传说中地英雄.他们简要运动地历史时威尔士作为一个统一地独立国家存在地唯一倍.后格林杜尔一百年年,威尔斯被带到法律,行政和政治进入英国由一名英国议会地行为.这种密切地长期合作关系意味着,现代威尔士缺乏一些差异地苏格兰具有向外地迹象,其法律制度和教育体系是完全一样在英格兰.通常,官方地统计资料刊载地“英格兰和威尔士”.不过,威尔士是不同地,这种差异地关键指标之一是威尔士语,旧英国凯尔特舌头仍处于日常使用.但是,作为威尔士地身份有时这是分裂地根源,因为%地威尔士不会说地语言,但感觉威尔士.由于威尔士大部分发言是在北方,这加深之间地人口较多,南方文化产业司和威尔士北部地农村.如在苏格兰威尔士人民选出国会议员在伦敦议会.威尔士也有民族主义政党,“格子库姆里”(党地威尔士),成立一个独立地威尔士地运动.威尔士地名议员,个是这个党地成员.在威尔士,工党政府将有可能获得自己地议会来管理自己地内部事务.。
英美概况论文unit1ABriefIntroductiontotheUnitedKingdom1
英美概况论文unit1ABriefIntroductiontotheUnitedKingdom1A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom Ⅰ As a student majored in science in my high school, I have little knowledge about the society and culture of countries. But I’m still curious about this. So I hope I will learn more about the English-speaking countries. Next I will talk about the preview of the unit 1.The first passage is about the introduction of the United Kingdom. In my memory, I only know the United Kingdom is a developed country, and the building of United Kingdom is very beautiful and magnificent. Now, after reading those passages, I know The UK is includes 4 parts : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . I always thing the UK is point at English, but now I know the four country make up the UK. The United Kingdom is a complicated country with a complicated name and it is a multiracial social. The remarkable class , regional and economic difference of the United Kingdom make it different.Now let’s talk about the four countries.England is a highly urbanized country. And its capital, London, which is dominant in the UK in all fields: government, finance, and culture. So London is a huge weight in Britain’s economic and culture life. It is the conquest of Britain. Before the 1st century AD, British was made up of many tribal Kingdoms of Celtic people. In 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire, and became part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years; Then it came under threat from Germanic peoples; from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings threatened Britain’s shores; King Alfred the great turned in the tide in south against the Vikings; the next invaders were theNormans who speak French, from Northern France, who English throne, and became William the First , King Arthur and his Round Table, giving Knights equal precedence and showing Knights’demand for a more democratic system. Second, Robin Hood hid in the forest, rebelled against Normans and robbed from the rich to give to the poor. The next few hundred years following the Norman invasion and power gradually transferred from the monarch to the parliament. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. And Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, and the most confident of its own identity. The largest city is Glagow, and its capital is Edinburgh. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century. The capital, Edinburgh, which is a east coast, famous for its beauty, dominated by its great castle on a high rock largest city. Scotland was neither conquered by the Romans nor by the Anglo-Saxons. The division between highland and lowland Scotland remains a cultural divide today, in much the same way as north and south England see themselves as different from each other. Scotland has a great tradition of innovation in the arts, philosophy and science.Wales is the smallest on the British mainland. It is very close to the most densely populated parts of central England. It retains a powerful sense of difference from England. And it retains its own language. 19% population speak Gaetic. The capital of Wales is Cardiff.Ireland has been divided by a long and blood conflicts as a result of its colonial history. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland”One of the key issues in late 19th century. British politics was a campaignin parliamen t for what was called “the Home Rule Bill”.The artistic and cultural activity in the UK Artistic and cultural activity in Britain ranges from the highest professional standards to a wide variety of amateur involvement, London, is one of the leading world centers for drama, music, opera and dance. Some 650 professional arts festivals take place each year. The Edinburgh International Festival is the largest of its kind in the world.There is music for every taste in Britain including opera, choral and classical orchestras pieces, rock and pop, folk and jazz, military and brass bands, acoustic and newly emerging musical collaborations such as music theatre, music with live arts. In musical composition, experimentation is in vogue, with composers mixing their sources: medieval modes and minimalism, quotations from Wagner and from Debussy, Indian melodies and African rhythms. Since the early 60s with the emergence of the Beatles, The Rolling Stones, and the Who, through the 70s with Genesis, Led Zeooelin and Pink Floyd and the 80s with Dire Straits bands have generated major followings worldwide representing a multi-million dollar industry. And the legacy continued into the 90 with Pop phenoms The Spice Girds and groups like Oasis, the Verve, Jamiroquai, and the list goes on. British Pop music is alive and well and will continue to be in 2000 and beyond.。
英美概况二册unit1ppt课件共11页
Weather
New Zealand is in the southern temperate latitudes midway between the Equator and the South Pole. The climate is maritime.
•slow-to change sea temperatures produce moderate temperatures. •The prevailing wind is westerly. •have extremes of winds and rain.
Unit 1
Land, People and History
Geography
Situated in the southwest Pacific Ocean.
This long group of islands is made up of two main landmasses, the North Island and the South Island. The third largest island, Stewart Island is south of the South Island.
Relationship between Maori and Pakeha
In 1860s, war broke out between Maori and settlers Settler society boomed after the gold rushes from the 1860s. Maori and European soldiers fought alongside the British in the two world wars.
History
英美概况-unit 1
Chapter ⅠGeographical Features and Natural Resources ⅠLocation and Geographical Divisions1. The United States lies in North America. It is bordered on the north by Canada, on the south by Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.Canadathe Pacific Ocean the Atlantic OceanMexico the Gulf of Mexico2. There are 48 states with 2 youngest oversea states Alaska on the northwest tip of the continent and Hawaii in the central Pacific.3. In area, it is the fourth largest country in the world.4. The United States can be divided into three basic areas.a. The Atlantic Seacoast West to the Appalachian (Eastern Part)1) The coastline of New England is lowland made up of beaches, swamps, lakes and sloping hills. Many harbors were once important centers of commerce and trade.New England: the northern corner of the United States including the present states of Mine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut. It was once the chief center of the American War of Independence. Now it is a highly industrialized area.2) Middle Atlantic States is the most densely populated region and famous for its great cities and ports. There the land is flat and fertile.3) The south, the coast plain is very low and wide. The soil of this region varies greatly. Some parts alone the coast are almost pure sand. Other sections contain some of the richest soil in the whole country.The rivers, fertile plains, and mild temperature make it suitable for large-scale agriculture.4) The Appalachian Mountains have beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.b. The Mississippi River Basin (Middle Part)1) The northeastern part of the Mississippi River Basin is called the Midwest or the Middle West. It lies in the general area of the Great Lakes, lying between the boundary of Canada and the United States. They are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario. Only Lake Michigan is wholly within the United States. They are the largest group of freshwater lakes in the world.Great LakesH Lake H uronO Lake O ntarioM Lake M ichiganE Lake E rieS Lake S uperior2) The area between the Mississippi and the Rockies is called the Great Plain. Wheat and corn are main crops in the plain states. But in the west sections, cattle raising is more important.c. The Rockies West to the Pacific (Western Part)1) To the west of the Great Plains lie the Rocky Mountains, “the backbone of the continent”. These high mountains stretch all the way from Mexico to the Arctic and form what is known as Continental Divide, or Great Divide.2) The Great Basin between the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the Rockies is dry and much of it is desert. Death Valley is on the western edge of the region, which is the lowest and the hottest place in North America.3) Between the Cascade-Sierra Nevada range and he Coast Ranges is the Central Valley of California. It is highly productive area, which produces enormous amounts of fruits and vegetables.ⅡClimate1.The United States is in the northern temperate zone.2.In New England the winter is long and hard; the summer is short and warm. The fall is abeautiful time of the year. Many people visit New England at this time of the year just to ride through the woods and enjoy their beauty.3.The Middle Atlantic States: the winter is cold and snowy; the spring is warm, the summer isshort and hot but pleasant; the fall is cool.4.The south enjoys a warm climate and abundant rainfall. On average five hurricanes eachyear threaten the eastern and southern United States.5.The climate of the Midwest is temperate.6.In the Great Plains the dust often turns into the dust storm.7.Winds from the Pacific bring plenty of rain and the part of Washington near the Pacific hasthe highest rainfall.ⅢNatural Resource sa.The United States has a large deposit of iron ore. For many years, iron ore came primarilyfrom the Great Lakes region of Minnesota and Michigan, but the mines were severely depleted during the World Wars.b.Iron ores are also mined in Missouri, New Y ork, Utah and Wyoming.Most of coal reserves are to be found in the Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.a.Most production of oil and natural gas in the US comes from offshore areas of Louisiana andTexas, and from onshore areas of Texas, Oklahoma, and California.b.The US reliance of foreign oil has remained consistently the 40% range. Saudi Arabia,Venezuela and Canada are the United States’ primary suppliers of foreign oil.The largest open-pit copper-mining center is in Bingham, Utah which is also famous for its Great Salt Lake. .a. The United States has little trouble caused by the shortage of fresh water.b. Except for the desert region centered around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies offresh water and numerous fertile valleys.Farmlands in the US making up about 12%of the arable lads in the world, and they are among the richest and most productive.The US was once very rich in silver and gold. In 1948, gold was discovered in a stream in California. The great California gold rush was soon stimulated. In Montana, they found a large wealth of silver.Both dry and liquid forms accounted for the largest share of domestic energy production, followed closely by coal and crude oil.。
英美概况unit1
• Before 1840s
• The first European navigators arrived in 1642. • Captain James Cook: the first Englishman to visit New Zealand in 1769
• In 1840s and 1850s
• Maori language and NZSL are the official languages and English is the languages spoken. • Religion is a matter of individual conscience. • The first country to give women the right to vote.
• Geography and land
New Zealand is in the Southern Pacific Ocean, halfway between the equator and the South Pole.
• It has two main landmasses :the North Island and the South Island
• Environmental responsibility
New Zealanders are keen to take environmental responsibility on an individual basis,as well as nationally and internationally.
Unit 1 New Zealand
Land,People and History
Introduction
新编英美概况许鲁之(第四版)unit1-12课后习题选择填空
Chapter1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1.In area, the United States is the 4th largest country in the world.2.The Midwest in the US refers to the region around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley.3.The Backbone of North America refers to the Rocky Mountains4.Death Valley is on the western edge of the Great Basin.5.The Great Plains might have a dust storm in summer.6.The western part of Washington State has the highest rainfall in the US.7.The US primary suppliers of foreign oil are the following countries except Japan8.The US largest open-pit copper-mining center is in Utah.1. The United States is bordered on the north by Canada, on the south by Mexico and the Guff of Mexico, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.2. The large territory of the continental US is divided into three basic areas:A. the Atlantic seacoast west to the AppalachiansB. the Mississippi River BasinC. the Rockies west to the Pacific3. The Middle Atlantic States are the most densely populated region in the US, where the land is flat and fertile.4. The Central Valley of California is a highly productive area, which produced enormous amounts of fruits and vegetables.5. Most production of oil and natural gas in the US comes from offshore areas of Louisiana and Texas, and from onshore areas of Texas, Oklahoma and California. Her big consumption of energy now has made America insufficient in oil supply. The US reliance of foreign oil has reminded consistently in the 40% ranges.6. The United States has little trouble caused by the shortage of fresh water. Farmlands in the US making up about 12% of the arable lands in the world, and they are among the richest and most productive.Chapter 2 American Population1.The over 3 million of early Americans in 1790 were mostly of British ancestry.2.About 700,000 immigrants were legally received by the US each year during the 1980s.3.The official racial segregation continued to be the law of the US until 1954.4.American Indians now mainly live in the South.5.The majority of American Hispanics are from the following countries except Spain.6.The West now leads in percentage increase in population.7.According to the 1994 US census, the second most populous state in the US is Taxes.8.The trend in migration from cities to suburbs now prevailed in all regions except the South.1.The United States is the third most populous nation in the world.2.Prior to 1875 anyone from any country could enter the US freely and take up permanent residence there. Later the US Congress passed laws restricting immigration on the basis of morality, race, and national origin. The 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act reaffirmed national origin as the chief criterion for eligibility and established a preferential system for skilled workers and for relatives of the US citizens. For many years the US restricted to total number of immigrants to 270,000 each year, although the real immigrants numbered much greater than the limit. The 1990 Immigration Act limits the total number of immigrants to 700,000 from 1992 to 1995 and 675,000 thereafter.3.The first blacks arrived in Jamestown in 1619 as indentured servants, but soon[ after 1619 they were brought to colonies as slaves. The blacks were formally freed in1863, but continued to suffer the institutionalized segregation for about a century. Today many blacks still live in the South, some have entered the middle class, but one-third of all black families still live below the poverty line.4.The Chinese-Americans have proved to be industrious and intelligent. They are now viewed as a “model minority” in the US. According to the 2010 US census, there were about 3.8 million Chinese-Americans living in the US. The figure was more than twice what it was in 1990.Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1. The ancestors of the present American Indians came from Asia.2.“The ambition for the vast lands”is not correct to explain the reasons for the sudden daring exploration of the unknown in the mid-15th century.3. On his voyage of 1492, Columbus expected to reach India.4. Vasco da Gama discovered the route to India.5. John Cabot was sent by the English King to explore the new way to the east.6. New York was not founded first by the English.7. The breadbasket colonies include the following ones except Virginia. (New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland)8. The last one of the 13 colonies was Georgia, which was established in 1733.1. In 1488 Bartholomew Diaz, sailing under the Portuguese flag, went to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern Africa. In 1492 Christopher Columbus, financed by rulers of Spain sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean and discovered the islands of the Caribbean. He was convinced that he had found the continent of Asia.2. The South Africa was discovered by Amerigo Vespucci who showed the land he arrived in was a new continent. Before long the land was named America after his name.3. Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement, was founded in 1607. In 1620, Pilgrims and others arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts. They drew up “Mayflower Compact”4. By 1775, the 13 colonies in North America could be classified as the following three kinds. Specify how the governors were chosen in each.a. Royal: appointed by the English Kingb. Proprietary: chosen by proprietorsc. Self-governing: elected by residents5. Because the New England colonies were difficult of farming, they become a center for fishing and shipbuilding. The middle colonies were known as the breadbasket, which produced wheat and potatoes as the major staple. The southern colonies developed a plantation system. The main crop in the South was tobacco. Much later, cotton became important crop.Chapter 4 American Revolution1. There was a great change in policy towards the 13 colonies after 1763.2. The Stamp Act of 1765 first set a large scale of opposition in the colonies.3. The Tea Act of 1773 was passed by the British Parliament in order to help the British East India Company.4. The First Continental Congress was attended by the representatives from all the colonies except Georgia.5. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired in Lexington.6. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense urged the American colonists to declare their in dependence.7. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson.8. The victory at Saratoga was considered as the turning point of the War of Independence.1. During the colonial days the English ruling class did everything they could to control the development of the colonial economy. The colonies in North America were supposed to complement and not compete with English industry.2. Within the five years from 1763 to 1767 after the war with France, the British government adopted several measures to extract more money from colonies. The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765, for example, laid taxes on certain imports and numerous articles in America to help pay for the costs of British government in the colonies.3. The Sons of Liberty was formed in 1765 to organize the opposition to the Stamp Act. They favored to take violent action to the stamp collectors.4. The first Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in Sep.1774. The majority of the representatives still favor to take peaceful means to settle the quarrel with the British. They agreed to refuse to buy English goods, hoping in this way to force the British government to give in to their demands. This united action could be called boycott.5. The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776. Karl Marx once called it “the first declaration of the rights of the individual”.6. The American War of Independence lasted 7 years. The fighting was actually ended in 1781, but the final treaty between Britain and the United States was signed in Paris in 1783. The boundaries of the United States were fixed roughly from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River on the west and from the Great Lakes on the north to Spanish Florida on the south. The direct social change brought about by the American Revolution was the emancipation of slaves who fought against the British.Chapter 5 the Confederation and the Constitution1. The confederation created in 1781 was a very loose union of states.2. James Madison was called the Father of the US Constitution.3. The Constitution was frames on the following ideals except that the new government should impose its authority on the people through states.4. Those who supported the Constitution and preferred a strong national government were called Federalists.5. Nine States were needed to ratify the Constitution.6. “They spell out the people’s right” is incorrect to comment on the Federalist Papers.7. The amendment of the Constitution requires the approval of at least three-fourths of the states.8. When the Second War of Independence broke out in 1812, the US president was James Madison.1. Under the Articles of Confederation the national government consisted of only a legislature; it had no separate executive and judicial divisions. The state government was left the exclusive powers to regulate commerce and to tax their citizens.2. The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia in 1787. Fifty-five delegates from all states except Rhode Island attended the opening session. The president of the convention was George Washington.3. The Antifederalists opposed the constitution and preferred a more decentralized federal system of government.4. George Washington was elected unanimously as the first US President in 1788. The first Vice-President was John Adams, and the first Secretary of Treasury was Alexander Hamilton, and the first Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson.5. the most glorious achievement of Jefferson as President was the Louisiana Purchase, which was about 828,000 square miles. This Purchase doubled the area of the then United States.6. The War of 1812 is also called the Second War of Independence. This war lasted three years and ended in another American victory. An important result of the war was the strengthening of national unity and patriotism. And it was after this war that the US was able to make the change of a semi-colonial economy into a really independent national economy.Chapter 6 American Expansion and the Civil War1. The Monroe Doctrine had the following features or ideas except Latin America for Europeans.2. The US continental expansion was almost complete by 1848.3. Cotton became the most profitable crop in the South mainly because of the Whitney’s cotton gin.4. In 1854, the Republican Party was founded by some abolitionists.5. In his inaugural address in 1861, Lincoln showed clearly that he would not abolish slavery immediately but to preserve the Union.6. “It immediately freed all slaves living in the United States” about the Emancipation Proclamation is not accurate.7. the most important advantage the North had over the South in the Civil War was its industrial superiority.8. An advantage the South had over the North was its superior military leadership.1. The essence of the Monroe Doctrine was “America for Americans” which later became the cornerstone of the US foreign policy.2. The US expansion to the west may be treated in three stages;A. the settlement of the region between seaboard states and the Mississippi RiverB. the settlement of the Louisiana Territoryc. the occupation of the far Southwest.3. The great majority of dwellers in Louisiana Territory were the descendants of the French pioneers. They settled mainly in two cities: St. Louis and New Orleans.4. Oregon Territory was settled between Britain and the United States in 1846. Its boundary on the north was fixed at the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude.5. Under Missouri Compromise, Missouri was admitted as a slave state, but the balance of political power maintained by admission of Maine as a free state. In addition, slavery was to be prohibited in the rest of Louisiana Territory north of the line36°30’ parallel.6. In 1862, the federal government took two revolutionary measures: (1) Homestead Act and (2) Emancipation proclamation.7. In July 1863 came the turning point of the war at Gettysburg. Here the Confederate army under the general Robert E. Lee was defeated. The battlefield was made a national cemetery, where Lincoln gave his famous speech, the Gettysburg Address, on November 19, 1863.8. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which abolished slavery throughout the United States.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism1. The first US president who faced impeachment proceedings was Andrew Johnson.2. The radical Reconstruction was ended under the President Rutherford B. Hays3. Gold was discovered in California in 1848.4. The first transcontinental railroad in the US was completed in 1869.5. Telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander D. Bell.6. The value of manufactured goods in the US was worth twice as that of her agricultural products by 1900.7. The first imperialist war, the US—Spanish War, broke out in 1898.8. After the US—Spanish War, the US acquired all the following areas except Cuba (Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines)1. The Reconstruction Acts divided all the former Confederate states, except Tennessee, into five military districts and each was put under the control of a Northern army officer. The officer had the power to keep order and to enforce martial law if necessary.2. During the Reconstruction period many Northerners moved to the south .Whatever their motives, these Northerners came to be called carpetbaggers because they were said to have brought all their belongings to the South in a small, cheap suitcase made out of a carpet like material.3. During the Reconstruction the Southern whites who supported the radical reconstruction and joined the Republican Party were called scalawags. They were considered as traitors by the Southern Democrats.4. The KKK, founded in Tennessee in 1866, was a secret society for restoring white supremacy and driving blacks out of politics.5. During Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency the US got control of Panama Canal.Chapter 8 World War I and the Depression1. By the beginning of the 20th century the country that took the first place in economy in Europe was Germany.2. When the First World War began, President Wilson immediately called upon the American people to observe strict neutrality.3. The US joined the First World War in 1917.4. Wilson’s Fourteen Points did not include the point of creation of an international peacekeeping force.5. “Only the rich could afford new consumer goods” about the US in 1920s is not true.6. In responding to the Depression, President Hoover thou ght that the basic role of the Government was to “create conditions favorable to the development of private enterprises”.7. The agricultural Adjustment Act was an attempt to deal with the farmers’ problem of overproduction.8. “It reduced the commodity prices by limiting production and devaluing the dollar” is not right to comment on the New Deal.1. The First World War was waged between two groups of imperialist powers: the Allies and the Central European Power.2. The direct cause that made the US declare war on Germany in 1917was the Germany’s unlimited campaign.3. The major triumph for Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference was the formation of the League of Nations.4. The United States didn’t join the League of Nations because the US Senate refused to approve the Treaty of Versailles.5. Three major treaties were concluded at the Washington Conference:(1) The Four-Power Treaty, respecting the status quo in the Pacific.(2) The Five-Power Treaty, on naval arms apportionment.(3) The Nine-Power Treaty, guaranteeing the independence and integrity of China in appearance, but actually a public international affirmation of the Open Door policy.6. The Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted in 1920, which granted women the right to vote.7. The Great Depression started with the sudden collapse of the Stock Market in New York in October, 1929. This economic distress extended to Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and South America.Chapter 9 American During and After World War II1. Between 1935 and 1939, American foreign policy included all of the following except active intervention to prevent aggression.2. The US formally entered the Second World War in 1941.3. Normandy Landing took place on June 6, 1944.4. At Yalta Conference, in Feb. 1945 did Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin agree to call a conference of all the United Nations in San Francisco in April 1945.5. The post-World War II program of economic assistance to Western Europe was known as Marshall Plan.6. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated the philosophy of nonviolence.7. Thousands of American soldiers were sent to Vietnam under the President Lyndon B. Johnson.8. The formal diplomatic relation at the ambassadorial rank between China and the US was established under the President Carter.1. The cash-and-carry policy allowed US citizens to sell certain no prohibited goods to belligerent nations as long as thosegoods were not transported on American ships.2. Lend-Lease Act enabled any country whose defense the President considered vital to that of the US to receive arms and other equipment and supplies by sale, transfer, exchange, or lease. F.D. Roosevelt explained the Act would make the US the arsenal of world democracy.3. Civil rights involve government protection of individuals against discrimination based on their race,religion nation origin, gender, age, and other factors. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was honored for his effort to fight discrimination. In 1964, he won the Nobel Prize for peace.4. Star Wars program was proposed by President Reagan in 1983. The program seeks to construct a defensive “shield” against incoming missiles. The shield would be made of laser and electronic devices that would destroy such missiles launched to attack the US.5. In 1990, President Bush ordered Operation Desert Storm to punish Iraq, more than 200000 US troops were sent to Saudi Arabia, and the US navy blocked all oil exports from Iraq and all imports except food.6. Under Clinton, the US enjoyed an economic growth for nine consecutive years. This phenomenon, hardly seen before, has been termed the “new economy” by some. The fundamental reason for it is that American economic structure went through essential changes because of the promotion of scientific and technological progress.Chapter 10 the Federal System and Congress1. The power of the state in the US is actually from both B and C. (the state constitution, the US Constitution)2. The supreme law of the United States includes all the above three.3. The terms of the senator and representative are six and two years respectively.4.”The 17th Amendment (1913)” provided for the direct election of senators.5. Certain presidential appointments must be approved by a majority vote in the Senate.6. All revenue or tax bills must be originated in the House.7. The Speaker of the House is second in line in presidential succession.8. In the House, the power to decide when the full House will hear the bill is vested in the Rules Committee.1. Federalism means the division of powers by a constitution between the central government and state government. It operates only on two levels, the national and the states. Units of government within a state enjoy no independent existence.2. Separation of powers in the United States means not only allocating legislative power to Congress, executive power to President and judicial power to the Supreme Court, but also giving each branch constitutional and political independence and checks and balances that ensure each of the three branches a sufficient role in the actions of the others.3. According to the Constitution, members of the House of Representatives must be25years old and must have been citizens for 7 years. Senators must be at least 30 and must have been citizens for 9 years.4. The Vice President is officially the presiding officer and is called the president of the Senate. In fact he seldom appears in the Senate chamber in this role unless it appears that there might be tie vote in the Senate. In such instances, he casts the tiebreaking vote. To deal with day-to-day business, the Senate chooses the president pro tempore.5. A senator who wants to delay action on a bill or kill it altogether may use a tactic called a filibuster. It can be cut off only through cloture.6. Lobbying is part of the citizen’s right to petition government in the US. Now there are thousands of lobbyists in Washington D.C. Their influence in making the US policy is so great that some people call them “the third house”.Chapter 11 The President and the Judiciary1. The 22nd Amendment in following limits the President to two successive terms only.2. The American President has all the following powers except declaring war on another country.3. The president’s major appointments should be approved by the Senate.4. “It requires the approval of Congress” is not correct to explain the executive agreement.5. The President’s veto can be overridden by two-third votes in both houses.6. The federal courts that regularly employ grand and petit juries are the district courts.7. The highest authority of the Supreme Court is to interpret the US constitution.8. The case involving copyright, trademark, counterfeiting, and bank robbery are usually first tried in the federal district courts.1. By law any natural-born American citizen of and over 35 years of age and of being a resident within the United States for 14years can run for the President. The duly elected and duly qualified president-elect takes office on the20th of January following his election.2. The war powers resolution (1973) requires the President to consult congress and withdraw troops after sixty days unless Congress specifically approves the continued deployment of troops.3. A federal law gave President an item veto in 1996, which is an authority to reject specific sections of a bill without having to veto the entire bill.4. The Supreme Court has the power to examine the bills passed by Congress and policies made by President, and declare them unconstitutional and thus abolish them. John Marshall, the most famous chief justice in American history called this power of interpretation judicial review5. There are three federal court levels: 1) the district courts 2) the courts of appeal 3) the Supreme Court. All the judges of federal courts are appointed by President with the consent of the Senate. The state court system also has a hierarchy of three levels: 1) superior courts, 2) appellate courts, 3) a state supreme court. The state court judges are usually elected. The term of the country court judges is usually four years. And the judges in higher state courts usually sever eight or twelve years for one termChapter 12 Political Parties and Elections1. The emblem of the Democratic Party is donkey.2. The first Democratic President was Thomas Jefferson.3. The first Republican President was Abraham Lincoln.4. The only Democratic President who served two separate terms between the end of Civil War and 1912 was Grover Cleveland.5. The presidential candidate of the major party is nominated at the national convention.6. In the presidential election year the American voters vote on the Tues, after the 1st Mon.7. The number of the presidential electors in each state is equal to the number of its senators and Representatives.8. The American President is actually elected by presidential electors.1. Two factions emerged during the ratification of the US Constitution. One group was called Federalists led by Alexander Hamilton. They favored business development, a strong national government, and a loose interpretation of the Constitution. Another group led by Thomas Jefferson was called Democratic-Republicans. They called for a society based on small farms, a relatively weak central government, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. The roots of today’s Republican Party lie in the Federalists, while the Democrats can trace their beginnings back to Antifederalists or Democratic-Republicans.2. In general, Democrats traditionally have supported workers and minorities, while the Republicans are known for known for their support of business and conservative positions on social issues.3. Before 1971 the only state that gave 18-year-old the right to vote was Georgia; all other states set the age at 21. In 1971 the 26th Amendment to the Constitution lowered the voting age to 18.4. The voting percentage now is very low in the United States. In general older people with more education and high income tend to vote, while the youth, especially aged 18 to 21, has the lowest voting percentage in the Unites States.5. The candidate with the most votes in a state wins all of that state’s electoral votes. This is known as the “winner-take-all” principle. The candidate who wins the majority of the 538 Electoral College votes will be the US President in the next four years.。
英美概况unit 1
Unit One
Mediaeval Wales was rarely united but was under the rule of various native principalities. England and Scotland had existed as separate sovereign and independent states with their own monarchs and political structures since the 9th century. In 1282, King Edward I of England (1272–1307) finally conquered the last remaining native Welsh principalities. Two years later the Statute of Rhuddlan1 formally established Edward's rule over Wales. To appease the Welsh, Edward’s son (later Edward II), who had been born in Wales, was made Prince of Wales on 7 February 1301. The tradition of bestowing the style Prince(ess) of Wales’ on the heir of the British Monarch continues to the present day.
Unit One
The state began to take its present shape with the Acts of Union in 1707, which united the crowns and Parliaments of England (including Wales) and Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. A further Act of Union in 1800 joined the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922, the Irish Free State gained independence, leaving Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom. As a result, in 1927 Britain changed its formal title to “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”, usually shortened to “the United Kingdom”, “the UK” or “Britain”.
【优质】英美概况考试重点整理 美国史
1.Under the Articles of Confederation the national government consisted of only alegislature; it had no separateexecutiveandjudicialdivisions. The state government was left the exclusive powers to regulate commerce andto taxtheir citizens.
2. The Antifederalistsopposedthe constitution and prefermd a moredecentralizedfederal system of government.
3. George Washington was elected unanimously as the first US President in1788. The first Vice-President wasJohn Adams, the first Secretary of Treasury wasAlexander Hamiltonand the first Secretary of State wasThomas Jefferson.
The Monroe Doctrine written byJames Monroe, declared in December of 1823, was a superlative U.S. foreign policy statement. It was precipitated by various independence movements in South America and the U.S. government's desire to discourage European nations from colonizing the Americas, and a growing American nationalism.The Monroe Doctrine stated that European nations should not intervene in countries to the south of the U.S. Finally, it promised to stay out of foreign affairs.U.S. will not interfere with European affairs in Europe.The essence of the Doctrine is“America for Americans”.Which later became a cornerstone of the US foreign policy.As the New World developed in the years ahead this doctrine became more meaningful and was strengthened by a border interpretation to meet the needs of an energetic and ambitious United States.
英美概况第一章
Part II Climate
1. General Features: (1) The UK enjoys a mild climate due to the North Atlantic Drift, which is a continuation of a warm current that flows from the Straits of Florida in a generally northeastern direction. (2) It has a changeable weather. It is hard to predict the weather even by the most experienced meteorologist, so weather becomes a frequent topic of discussion among people. (3) It has abundant rainfall, mostly drizzles.
(2) Central lowlands • Most important part of Scotland • Most populated • Edinburgh: known as "the Athens
of the North," a tribute to its worldrenowned architecture and cultural calendar.
1. Different names
Geographical names
(1) the British Isles 大布列颠群岛
It is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of Europe, which consists of two main islands: Great Britain, Ireland and numerous smaller islands. Of all the islands, the largest one is called Great Britain. The second largest one is Ireland, which is to the west of Great Britain. Thus, British Isles don’t refer to Great Britain only.
英美概况重要知识点
“英语国家概况”精讲笔记Chapter 1第一章I.Land and People英国的国土,人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称:不列颠群岛,大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛(较大的一个)和爱尔兰岛,及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部,是最大,人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the southern Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
新编英美概况 许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案word版本
Unit 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1. How many states are there in the United States? And which two states are geographically separated from the others? (50, Alaska, Hawaii)2. What are the general characters of the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains.1) To the west of Atlantic coastal plain lie the Appalachian Mountains that begin in Canada and reach all the way to Georgia and Alabama. These are old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, usually not exceeding 800m in height. The highest point is only 2000m above the sea. Most of the mountain ridges are low enough to be easily crossed by modern highways. The Appalachians have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts. The Ohio and the Tennessee Rivers flow down the western slopes of the Appalachians to the great Mississippi River, deep in the heart of America.2) To the west of the Great Plains lie the Rocky Mountains, “the backbone of the continent”. These high mountains stretch all the way from Mexico to the Arctic and form what is known as Continental Divide, or Great Divide, the most important watershed on the continent. The Rockies are more than twice as high as the Appalachians and high enough to receive more rain than the surrounding plains and plateaus. Consequently, they are mostly forested. The striking and varied scenery of the Rockies has given rise to the establishment of many national parks here. The other natural wonders include roaming herds of buffalo, elk, deer, antelope and sheep, as well as the famous grizzly bear.Chapter 2 American Population1.Why is the United States known as a “melting pot”?It means that the US is composed of immigrants from different nations all over the world.①The people of the US are predominantly white.②The second most numerous minority in the US were the black people whose forefathers came fromAfrica.③American Indians were the original inhabitants on the continent.④There were about 50.5 million Hispanics in 2010 in the US. They are the Spanish-speaking immigrantsfrom Latin American countries.⑤The Chinese American have proved to be industrious and intelligent.2.What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United States?①The desire for economic betterment is generally the most important force inducing migration.②Geographic difference in economic opportunity, as reflected by such factors as differences inemployment opportunities and earning power for workers and differences in the availability and the price of land for farmers.③Noneconomic factors. Such as climate, racial attitudes, and family tires, influencing migration.3.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs?①The widespread uses of automobiles and the construction of express highways made it possible forpeople to live farther away from their jobs.②The telephone reduced the need for them to work or live in close proximity to one another.③Suburban areas offered more living space than cities, lower crime rates, less pollution, and superiorschools. It is generally believed that they are better place for raising children.Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1. Discuss the pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas.1) The Aztecs of Mexico2) The Incas of Peru3) The Indians of North America4) Indian contributions to European culture: Foods, Drugs and Utilitarian objects2. Why did the discoveries of New World before Columbus not exert great influence in the world at that time?Because Europe was then poor and politically fragmented, It was beset by local wars and civil disorder and largely illiterate. In short, Europe was then incapable of responding to the Norse discoveries.3.Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17th century?1) The New World was a great and rich land. In the New World there were all those resources necessary for agricultural and industrial development.2)During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1588-1603), the English in growing numbers realized that the New World was their best place to make their fortunes, and to worship and live according to their beliefs.3)Some of them might move to America to leave oppressive political institutions, to escape burdensome church duties, to acquire large landholdings or merely to change their general pattern of living. Of course, material gain was a common factor.4. What was the social structure of the 13 colonies?Society in the l3 colonies was like a pyramid.①The top was made up of merchants and landlords.②The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa. And native Indians.5.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonial days?As for Indians, they could not put up with slavery. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe members would fight to free him. So the colonialists soon gave up the attempt to use them as slave labor. Instead they seized the land of the Indians and drove them away or killed them.Chapter 4 American Revolution2. What happened on the evening of March 5, 1770?A clash between American colonies and British soldiers took place in Boston.①A group of unemployed laborer attacked a British sentry stationed at the Boston customhouse.②When the British soldiers dispatched to help the sentry arrived, they met a rapidly growing, angry crowd.③Someone gave the command for the soldiers to fire.④Three colonies were killed and several were wounded, two of whom later died.3. How did the colonies react to the Townshend Act?The colonies, however, still rejected the idea that the Parliament in Britain had the right to tax them without consent and reacted to these new duties by refusing to import any of the taxed goods.4. What were the main contents of the Declaration of Independence?①The Preamble, which explains why the Declaration was issued.②A statement of principles of government to which the American people were committed③A list of injustices suffered by the colonists.④A summary of efforts the colonies had made to avoid a break with the mother country.⑤The proclamation is that the “Colonies are Free and Independent States”5. What was the importance of the victory at Saratoga?The victory and Saratoga wa s a turning point of the war. It further heightened the spirit of the Americans, but more importantly it caused action abroad. It was after this battle that the French agreed to join the war against Britain. Later Spain and Holland joined France while most of the other European powersformed an Armed Neutrality to protect their commerce from Britain’s naval power.Chapter 5 the Confederation and the Constitution1. What is confederation?A confederation is a government in which the constituent governments, called states in the US, create a central government by constitutional compact but do not give it power to regulate the conduct of individuals.2. Compare the powers of the governments under the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.3. What does the “check and balance” mean?It means that each branch of government-executive, legislative, or judicial-must exercise distinct powers and be selected in a distinct way, and that each branch must be able to “check and balance” the others if one branch grew too powerful and sought to dominate the others.4. What was the Bill of Rights?It guaranteed freedom of speech, religion, peaceful assembly, and the press; the right to bear arms; freedom from unreasonable search; and the right to the protection of certain legal procedures known as the due process of law.5. What were the chief causes of the War of 1812?①The British were not reconciled to the loss of their thirteen colonies. Using Canada as the base, they always challenged to battle with the young Republic.②This anger reaches its peak in 1807 when one British warship attached and boarded in American ship, killing and wounding 21men and impressing four sailors.③Jefferson persuaded Congress to pass an Embargo Act, which forbade all ships, except foreign ones without charge, to leave American ports.Chapter 6 American Expansion and the Civil War1. What was the importance of the Monroe Doctrine?The essence was” America for Americans”, which later became a cornerstone of the US foreign policy. As the New world developed in the years ahead this Doctrine became more meaningful and was strengthened by a broader interpretation to meet the needs of an energetic and ambitious United States.2. What were the basic causes of the Civil War?Two different social-economic systems existed side by side in the United States.In the South slavery was the foundation of the economic system while in the North industry and commerce were the main character of its economy. The swiftly growing industries in the North required the restriction of slavery as well as an expanding territory in order to provide capitalist production with raw materials, markets and abundant labor supply.The slave economy in the South was an obstacle to industrial growth and expansion. This economic antagonism led to increased conflicts between the North and the South.3. What was the doctrine of the “popular sovereignty”?This doctrine means that the inhabitants of the new territories can decide the question of slavery for themselves. In appearance, it seemed fair, but in actual practice, as far as slavery was concerned, the doctrine did not work.4. How do you comment on the American Civil War?The outcome of the war placed the northern capitalists in solid control of the federal government of the US capitalism. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which freed all slaves throughout the United States.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism1. What is the 10 percent plan?The plan provided that as soon as 10 percent of voters in any state had taken the oath of loyalty, they could form their own government and would be entitled to the recognition of their state by the president of the United States.2. Why was Andrew Johnson impeached by the House?In March 1867, Congress passed two Acts that took away two presidential prerogatives: the right to remove Cabinet members and the right to remove army officers under his command.To test the constitutionality of the Act, President Andrew Johnson removes Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretary of War, from office in1869, who was the only remaining Radical in Johnson’s Cabinet.He thus walked into troubles with the radicals. Later the House voted to impeach the President.3. After the Reconstruction, how were the civil rights of the Blacks in the South?①Voters must be able to read and write;②Voting taxes were introduced;③The whites also took steps to segregate the blacks and two separate societies emerged in the South.4. Why did the US have a rapid industrial growth after the Civil War?①The vast industrial development began with the opening the West.②Speeding this process of western settlement were the railroads.③Science and technology were also greatly marching forward.④The basic industry of the nation, iron and steel, also developed rapidly after the Civil War.⑤The oil industry also developed rapidly.⑥During the latter part of the 19th industry, industrial expansion in America went ahead rapidly.⑦There was a clear indication of rapid concentration of capital.6. What was the “Open Door Policy”?The so-called “Open Door Policy”which demanded that all the imperialist powers should enjoy equal chance in China as freely as other aggressors.。
新编英美概况 许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案
Unit 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1. How many states are there in the United States? And which two states are geographically separated from the others? (50, Alaska, Hawaii)2. What are the general characters of the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains.1) To the west of Atlantic coastal plain lie the Appalachian Mountains that begin in Canada and reach all the way to Georgia and Alabama. These are old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, usually not exceeding 800m in height. The highest point is only 2000m above the sea. Most of the mountain ridges are low enough to be easily crossed by modern highways. The Appalachians have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts. The Ohio and the Tennessee Rivers flow down the western slopes of the Appalachians to the great Mississippi River, deep in the heart of America.2) To the west of the Great Plains lie the Rocky Mountains, “the backbone of the continent”. These high mountains stretch all the way from Mexico to the Arctic and form what is known as Continental Divide, or Great Divide, the most important watershed on the continent. The Rockies are more than twice as high as the Appalachians and high enough to receive more rain than the surrounding plains and plateaus. Consequently, they are mostly forested. The striking and varied scenery of the Rockies has given rise to the establishment of many national parks here. The other natural wonders include roaming herds of buffalo, elk, deer, antelope and sheep, as well as the famous grizzly bear.Chapter 2 American Population1.Why is the United States known as a “melting pot”?It means that the US is composed of immigrants from different nations all over the world.①The people of the US are predominantly white.②The second most numerous minority in the US were the black people whose forefathers came fromAfrica.③American Indians were the original inhabitants on the continent.④There were about 50.5 million Hispanics in 2010 in the US. They are the Spanish-speaking immigrantsfrom Latin American countries.⑤The Chinese American have proved to be industrious and intelligent.2.What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United States?①The desire for economic betterment is generally the most important force inducing migration.②Geographic difference in economic opportunity, as reflected by such factors as differences inemployment opportunities and earning power for workers and differences in the availability and the price of land for farmers.③Noneconomic factors. Such as climate, racial attitudes, and family tires, influencing migration.3.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs?①The widespread uses of automobiles and the construction of express highways made it possible forpeople to live farther away from their jobs.②The telephone reduced the need for them to work or live in close proximity to one another.③Suburban areas offered more living space than cities, lower crime rates, less pollution, and superiorschools. It is generally believed that they are better place for raising children.Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1. Discuss the pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas.1) The Aztecs of Mexico2) The Incas of Peru3) The Indians of North America4) Indian contributions to European culture: Foods, Drugs and Utilitarian objects2. Why did the discoveries of New World before Columbus not exert great influence in the world at that time?Because Europe was then poor and politically fragmented, It was beset by local wars and civil disorder and largely illiterate. In short, Europe was then incapable of responding to the Norse discoveries.3.Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17th century?1) The New World was a great and rich land. In the New World there were all those resources necessary for agricultural and industrial development.2)During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1588-1603), the English in growing numbers realized that the New World was their best place to make their fortunes, and to worship and live according to their beliefs.3)Some of them might move to America to leave oppressive political institutions, to escape burdensome church duties, to acquire large landholdings or merely to change their general pattern of living. Of course, material gain was a common factor.4. What was the social structure of the 13 colonies?Society in the l3 colonies was like a pyramid.①The top was made up of merchants and landlords.②The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa. And native Indians.5.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonial days?As for Indians, they could not put up with slavery. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe members would fight to free him. So the colonialists soon gave up the attempt to use them as slave labor. Instead they seized the land of the Indians and drove them away or killed them.Chapter 4 American Revolution2. What happened on the evening of March 5, 1770?A clash between American colonies and British soldiers took place in Boston.①A group of unemployed laborer attacked a British sentry stationed at the Boston customhouse.②When the British soldiers dispatched to help the sentry arrived, they met a rapidly growing, angry crowd.③Someone gave the command for the soldiers to fire.④Three colonies were killed and several were wounded, two of whom later died.3. How did the colonies react to the Townshend Act?The colonies, however, still rejected the idea that the Parliament in Britain had the right to tax them without consent and reacted to these new duties by refusing to import any of the taxed goods.4. What were the main contents of the Declaration of Independence?①The Preamble, which explains why the Declaration was issued.②A statement of principles of government to which the American people were committed③A list of injustices suffered by the colonists.④A summary of efforts the colonies had made to avoid a break with the mother country.⑤The proclamation is that the “Colonies are Free and Independent States”5. What was the importance of the victory at Saratoga?The victory and Saratoga wa s a turning point of the war. It further heightened the spirit of the Americans, but more importantly it caused action abroad. It was after this battle that the French agreed to join the war against Britain. Later Spain and Holland joined France while most of the other European powers formed an Armed Neutrality to protect their commerce from Britain’s naval power.Chapter 5 the Confederation and the Constitution1. What is confederation?A confederation is a government in which the constituent governments, called states in the US, create a central government by constitutional compact but do not give it power to regulate the conduct ofindividuals.2. Compare the powers of the governments under the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.3. What does the “check and balance” mean?It means that each branch of government-executive, legislative, or judicial-must exercise distinct powers and be selected in a distinct way, and that each branch must be able to “check and balance” the others if one branch grew too powerful and sought to dominate the others.4. What was the Bill of Rights?It guaranteed freedom of speech, religion, peaceful assembly, and the press; the right to bear arms; freedom from unreasonable search; and the right to the protection of certain legal procedures known as the due process of law.5. What were the chief causes of the War of 1812?①The British were not reconciled to the loss of their thirteen colonies. Using Canada as the base, they always challenged to battle with the young Republic.②This anger reaches its peak in 1807 when one British warship attached and boarded in American ship, killing and wounding 21men and impressing four sailors.③Jefferson persuaded Congress to pass an Embargo Act, which forbade all ships, except foreign ones without charge, to leave American ports.Chapter 6 American Expansion and the Civil War1. What was the importance of the Monroe Doctrine?The essence was” America for Americans”, which later became a cornerstone of the US foreign policy. As the New world developed in the years ahead this Doctrine became more meaningful and was strengthened by a broader interpretation to meet the needs of an energetic and ambitious United States.2. What were the basic causes of the Civil War?Two different social-economic systems existed side by side in the United States.In the South slavery was the foundation of the economic system while in the North industry and commerce were the main character of its economy. The swiftly growing industries in the North required the restriction of slavery as well as an expanding territory in order to provide capitalist production with raw materials, markets and abundant labor supply.The slave economy in the South was an obstacle to industrial growth and expansion. This economic antagonism led to increased conflicts between the North and the South.3. What was the doctrine of the “popular sovereignty”?This doctrine means that the inhabitants of the new territories can decide the question of slavery for themselves. In appearance, it seemed fair, but in actual practice, as far as slavery was concerned, the doctrine did not work.4. How do you comment on the American Civil War?The outcome of the war placed the northern capitalists in solid control of the federal government of the US capitalism. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which freed all slaves throughout the United States.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism1. What is the 10 percent plan?The plan provided that as soon as 10 percent of voters in any state had taken the oath of loyalty, they could form their own government and would be entitled to the recognition of their state by the president of the United States.2. Why was Andrew Johnson impeached by the House?In March 1867, Congress passed two Acts that took away two presidential prerogatives: the right to remove Cabinet members and the right to remove army officers under his command.To test the constitutionality of the Act, President Andrew Johnson removes Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretaryof War, from office in1869, who was the only remaining Radical in Johnson’s Cabinet.He thus walked into troubles with the radicals. Later the House voted to impeach the President.3. After the Reconstruction, how were the civil rights of the Blacks in the South?①Voters must be able to read and write;②Voting taxes were introduced;③The whites also took steps to segregate the blacks and two separate societies emerged in the South.4. Why did the US have a rapid industrial growth after the Civil War?①The vast industrial development began with the opening the West.②Speeding this process of western settlement were the railroads.③Science and technology were also greatly marching forward.④The basic industry of the nation, iron and steel, also developed rapidly after the Civil War.⑤The oil industry also developed rapidly.⑥During the latter part of the 19th industry, industrial expansion in America went ahead rapidly.⑦There was a clear indication of rapid concentration of capital.6. What was the “Open Door Policy”?The so-called “Open Door Policy”which demanded that all the imperialist powers should enjoy equal chance in China as freely as other aggressors.。
最新新编英美概况 许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案汇编
Unit 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1. How many states are there in the United States? And which two states are geographically separated from the others? (50, Alaska, Hawaii)2. What are the general characters of the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains.1) To the west of Atlantic coastal plain lie the Appalachian Mountains that begin in Canada and reach all the way to Georgia and Alabama. These are old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, usually not exceeding 800m in height. The highest point is only 2000m above the sea. Most of the mountain ridges are low enough to be easily crossed by modern highways. The Appalachians have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts. The Ohio and the Tennessee Rivers flow down the western slopes of the Appalachians to the great Mississippi River, deep in the heart of America.2) To the west of the Great Plains lie the Rocky Mountains, “the backbone of the continent”. These high mountains stretch all the way from Mexico to the Arctic and form what is known as Continental Divide, or Great Divide, the most important watershed on the continent. The Rockies are more than twice as high as the Appalachians and high enough to receive more rain than the surrounding plains and plateaus. Consequently, they are mostly forested. The striking and varied scenery of the Rockies has given rise to the establishment of many national parks here. The other natural wonders include roaming herds of buffalo, elk, deer, antelope and sheep, as well as the famous grizzly bear.Chapter 2 American Population1.Why is the United States known as a “melting pot”?It means that the US is composed of immigrants from different nations all over the world.①The people of the US are predominantly white.②The second most numerous minority in the US were the black people whose forefathers came fromAfrica.③American Indians were the original inhabitants on the continent.④There were about 50.5 million Hispanics in 2010 in the US. They are the Spanish-speaking immigrantsfrom Latin American countries.⑤The Chinese American have proved to be industrious and intelligent.2.What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United States?①The desire for economic betterment is generally the most important force inducing migration.②Geographic difference in economic opportunity, as reflected by such factors as differences inemployment opportunities and earning power for workers and differences in the availability and the price of land for farmers.③Noneconomic factors. Such as climate, racial attitudes, and family tires, influencing migration.3.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs?①The widespread uses of automobiles and the construction of express highways made it possible forpeople to live farther away from their jobs.②The telephone reduced the need for them to work or live in close proximity to one another.③Suburban areas offered more living space than cities, lower crime rates, less pollution, and superiorschools. It is generally believed that they are better place for raising children.Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1. Discuss the pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas.1) The Aztecs of Mexico2) The Incas of Peru3) The Indians of North America4) Indian contributions to European culture: Foods, Drugs and Utilitarian objects2. Why did the discoveries of New World before Columbus not exert great influence in the world at that time?Because Europe was then poor and politically fragmented, It was beset by local wars and civil disorder and largely illiterate. In short, Europe was then incapable of responding to the Norse discoveries.3.Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17th century?1) The New World was a great and rich land. In the New World there were all those resources necessary for agricultural and industrial development.2)During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1588-1603), the English in growing numbers realized that the New World was their best place to make their fortunes, and to worship and live according to their beliefs.3)Some of them might move to America to leave oppressive political institutions, to escape burdensome church duties, to acquire large landholdings or merely to change their general pattern of living. Of course, material gain was a common factor.4. What was the social structure of the 13 colonies?Society in the l3 colonies was like a pyramid.①The top was made up of merchants and landlords.②The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa. And native Indians.5.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonial days?As for Indians, they could not put up with slavery. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe members would fight to free him. So the colonialists soon gave up the attempt to use them as slave labor. Instead they seized the land of the Indians and drove them away or killed them.Chapter 4 American Revolution2. What happened on the evening of March 5, 1770?A clash between American colonies and British soldiers took place in Boston.①A group of unemployed laborer attacked a British sentry stationed at the Boston customhouse.②When the British soldiers dispatched to help the sentry arrived, they met a rapidly growing, angry crowd.③Someone gave the command for the soldiers to fire.④Three colonies were killed and several were wounded, two of whom later died.3. How did the colonies react to the Townshend Act?The colonies, however, still rejected the idea that the Parliament in Britain had the right to tax them without consent and reacted to these new duties by refusing to import any of the taxed goods.4. What were the main contents of the Declaration of Independence?①The Preamble, which explains why the Declaration was issued.②A statement of principles of government to which the American people were committed③A list of injustices suffered by the colonists.④A summary of efforts the colonies had made to avoid a break with the mother country.⑤The proclamation is that the “Colonies are Free and Independent States”5. What was the importance of the victory at Saratoga?The victory and Saratoga wa s a turning point of the war. It further heightened the spirit of the Americans, but more importantly it caused action abroad. It was after this battle that the French agreed to join the war against Britain. Later Spain and Holland joined France while most of the other European powers formed an Armed Neutrality to protect their commerce from Britain’s naval powe r.Chapter 5 the Confederation and the Constitution1. What is confederation?A confederation is a government in which the constituent governments, called states in the US, create a central government by constitutional compact but do not give it power to regulate the conduct ofindividuals.2. Compare the powers of the governments under the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.3. What does the “check and balance” mean?It means that each branch of government-executive, legislative, or judicial-must exercise distinct powers and be selected in a distinct way, and that each branch must be able to “check and balance” the others if one branch grew too powerful and sought to dominate the others.4. What was the Bill of Rights?It guaranteed freedom of speech, religion, peaceful assembly, and the press; the right to bear arms; freedom from unreasonable search; and the right to the protection of certain legal procedures known as the due process of law.5. What were the chief causes of the War of 1812?①The British were not reconciled to the loss of their thirteen colonies. Using Canada as the base, they always challenged to battle with the young Republic.②This anger reaches its peak in 1807 when one British warship attached and boarded in American ship, killing and wounding 21men and impressing four sailors.③Jefferson persuaded Congress to pass an Embargo Act, which forbade all ships, except foreign ones without charge, to leave American ports.Chapter 6 American Expansion and the Civil War1. What was the importance of the Monroe Doctrine?The essence was” America for Americans”, which later became a cornerstone of the US foreign policy. As the New world developed in the years ahead this Doctrine became more meaningful and was strengthened by a broader interpretation to meet the needs of an energetic and ambitious United States.2. What were the basic causes of the Civil War?Two different social-economic systems existed side by side in the United States.In the South slavery was the foundation of the economic system while in the North industry and commerce were the main character of its economy. The swiftly growing industries in the North required the restriction of slavery as well as an expanding territory in order to provide capitalist production with raw materials, markets and abundant labor supply.The slave economy in the South was an obstacle to industrial growth and expansion. This economic antagonism led to increased conflicts between the North and the South.3. What was the doctrine of the “popular sovereignty”?This doctrine means that the inhabitants of the new territories can decide the question of slavery for themselves. In appearance, it seemed fair, but in actual practice, as far as slavery was concerned, the doctrine did not work.4. How do you comment on the American Civil War?The outcome of the war placed the northern capitalists in solid control of the federal government of the US capitalism. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which freed all slaves throughout the United States.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism1. What is the 10 percent plan?The plan provided that as soon as 10 percent of voters in any state had taken the oath of loyalty, they could form their own government and would be entitled to the recognition of their state by the president of the United States.2. Why was Andrew Johnson impeached by the House?In March 1867, Congress passed two Acts that took away two presidential prerogatives: the right to remove Cabinet members and the right to remove army officers under his command.To test the constitutionality of the Act, President Andrew Johnson removes Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretaryof War, from office in1869, who was the only remaining Radical in Johnson’s Cabinet.He thus walked into troubles with the radicals. Later the House voted to impeach the President.3. After the Reconstruction, how were the civil rights of the Blacks in the South?①Voters must be able to read and write;②Voting taxes were introduced;③The whites also took steps to segregate the blacks and two separate societies emerged in the South.4. Why did the US have a rapid industrial growth after the Civil War?①The vast industrial development began with the opening the West.②Speeding this process of western settlement were the railroads.③Science and technology were also greatly marching forward.④The basic industry of the nation, iron and steel, also developed rapidly after the Civil War.⑤The oil industry also developed rapidly.⑥During the latter part of the 19th industry, industrial expansion in America went ahead rapidly.⑦There was a clear indication of rapid concentration of capital.6. What was the “Open Door Policy”?。
英语国家概况-美国Unit 1 America
❖ In the center of the seal is an bald eagle, national bird. It holds in its beak a scroll inscribed E pluribus unum, which is Latin meaning "out of many, one" and stands for one nation that was created from 13 colonies. In one claw is an olive branch, while the other holds a bundle of thirteen arrows. The olive branch and arrows "denote the power of peace and war."
Do you see a pattern of thirteen in the Great Seal?
❖ 13 stars in the crest above the eagle
❖ 13 stripes in the shield upon the eagle's breast
❖ 13 arrows in the eagle's left claw
❖The seal's reverse side is sometimes referred to as the spiritual side. It contains a 13-step pyramid with the year 1776 in Roman numerals at the base. At the top of the pyramid is the Eye of Providence and above is the motto Annuit Coeptis, meaning "It [the Eye of Providence] is favorable to our undertakings" or "He favors our undertakings." Below the pyramid, a scroll reads, Novus Ordo Seclorum, meaning "New Order of the Ages." It refers to 1776 as the beginning of the American new era.
新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案
$Unit 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1. How many states are there in the United States And which two states are geographically separated from the others (50, Alaska, Hawaii)2. What are the general characters of the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains.1) To the west of Atlantic coastal plain lie the Appalachian Mountains that begin in Canada and reach all the way to Georgia and Alabama. These are old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, usually not exceeding 800m in height. The highest point is only 2000m above the sea. Most of the mountain ridges are low enough to be easily crossed by modern highways. The Appalachians have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts. The Ohio and the Tennessee Rivers flow down the western slopes of the Appalachians to the great Mississippi River, deep in the heart of America.2) To the west of the Great Plains lie the Rocky Mountains, “the backbone of the continent”. These high mountains stretch all the way from Mexico to the Arctic and form what is known as Continental Divide, or Great Divide, the most important watershed on the continent. The Rockies are more than twice as high as the Appalachians and high enough to receive more rain than the surrounding plains and plateaus. Consequently, they are mostly forested. The striking and varied scenery of the Rockies has given rise to the establishment of many national parks here. The other natural wonders include roaming herds of buffalo, elk, deer, antelope and sheep, as well as the famous grizzly bear.Chapter 2 American Population1.Why is the United States known as a “melting pot”》It means that the US is composed of immigrants from different nations all over the world.①The people of the US are predominantly white.②The second most numerous minority in the US were the black people whose forefatherscame from Africa.③American Indians were the original inhabitants on the continent.④There were about million Hispanics in 2010 in the US. They are the Spanish-speakingimmigrants from Latin American countries.⑤The Chinese American have proved to be industrious and intelligent.2.What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United States①The desire for economic betterment is generally the most important force inducingmigration.…②Geographic difference in economic opportunity, as reflected by such factors asdifferences in employment opportunities and earning power for workers and differences in the availability and the price of land for farmers.③Noneconomic factors. Such as climate, racial attitudes, and family tires, influencingmigration.3.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs①The widespread uses of automobiles and the construction of express highways made itpossible for people to live farther away from their jobs.②The telephone reduced the need for them to work or live in close proximity to one another.③Suburban areas offered more living space than cities, lower crime rates, less pollution,and superior schools. It is generally believed that they are better place for raising children.Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World…1. Discuss the pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas.1) The Aztecs of Mexico2) The Incas of Peru3) The Indians of North America4) Indian contributions to European culture: Foods, Drugs and Utilitarian objects2. Why did the discoveries of New World before Columbus not exert great influence in the world at that timeBecause Europe was then poor and politically fragmented, It was beset by local wars and civil disorder and largely illiterate. In short, Europe was then incapable of responding to the Norse discoveries.3.Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17th century[1) The New World was a great and rich land. In the New World there were all those resources necessary for agricultural and industrial development.2)During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1588-1603), the English in growing numbers realized that the New World was their best place to make their fortunes, and to worship and live according to their beliefs.3)Some of them might move to America to leave oppressive political institutions, to escape burdensome church duties, to acquire large landholdings or merely to change their general pattern of living. Of course, material gain was a common factor.4. What was the social structure of the 13 coloniesSociety in the l3 colonies was like a pyramid.①The top was made up of merchants and landlords.②The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa. And native Indians.5.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonial days&As for Indians, they could not put up with slavery. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe members would fight to free him. So the colonialists soon gave up the attempt to use them as slave labor. Instead they seized the land of the Indians and drove them away or killed them.Chapter 4 American Revolution2. What happened on the evening of March 5, 1770A clash between American colonies and British soldiers took place in Boston.①A group of unemployed laborer attacked a British sentry stationed at the Boston customhouse.②When the British soldiers dispatched to help the sentry arrived, they met a rapidly growing, angry crowd.③Someone gave the command for the soldiers to fire.¥④Three colonies were killed and several were wounded, two of whom later died.3. How did the colonies react to the Townshend ActThe colonies, however, still rejected the idea that the Parliament in Britain had the right to tax them without consent and reacted to these new duties by refusing to import any of the taxed goods.4. What were the main contents of the Declaration of Independence①The Preamble, which explains why the Declaration was issued.②A statement of principles of government to which the American people were committed③A list of injustices suffered by the colonists.④A summary of efforts the colonies had made to avoid a break with the mother country. }⑤The proclamation is that the “Colonies are Free and Independent States”5. What was the importance of the victory at SaratogaThe victory and Saratoga wa s a turning point of the war. It further heightened the spirit of the Americans, but more importantly it caused action abroad. It was after this battle that the French agreed to join the war against Britain. Later Spain and Holland joined France while most of the other European powers formed an Armed Neutrality to protect their commerce from Britain’s naval power.Chapter 5 the Confederation and the Constitution1. What is confederationA confederation is a government in which the constituent governments, called states in the US, create a central government by constitutional compact but do not give it power to regulate the conduct of individuals.2. Compare the powers of the governments under the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.&3. What does the “check and balance” meanIt means that each branch of government-executive, legislative, or judicial-must exercise distinct powers and be selected in a distinct way, and that each branch must be able to “check and balance”the others if one branch grew too powerful and sought to dominate the others.4. What was the Bill of RightsIt guaranteed freedom of speech, religion, peaceful assembly, and the press; the right to bear arms; freedom from unreasonable search; and the right to the protection of certain legal procedures known as the due process of law.5. What were the chief causes of the War of 1812①The British were not reconciled to the loss of their thirteen colonies. Using Canada as the base, they always challenged to battle with the young Republic.②This anger reaches its peak in 1807 when one British warship attached and boarded in American ship, killing and wounding 21men and impressing four sailors.③Jefferson persuaded Congress to pass an Embargo Act, which forbade all ships, except foreign ones without charge, to leave American ports.?Chapter 6 American Expansion and the Civil War1. What was the importance of the Monroe DoctrineThe essence was”America for Americans”, which later became a cornerstone of the US foreign policy. As the New world developed in the years ahead this Doctrine became more meaningful and was strengthened by a broader interpretation to meet the needs of an energetic and ambitious United States.2. What were the basic causes of the Civil WarTwo different social-economic systems existed side by side in the United States.In the South slavery was the foundation of the economic system while in the North industry and commerce were the main character of its economy. The swiftly growing industries in the North required the restriction of slavery as well as an expanding territory in order to provide capitalist production with raw materials, markets and abundant labor supply.The slave economy in the South was an obstacle to industrial growth and expansion. This economic antagonism led to increased conflicts between the North and the South."3. What was the doctrine of the “popular sovereignty”This doctrine means that the inhabitants of the new territories can decide the question of slavery for themselves. In appearance, it seemed fair, but in actual practice, as far as slavery was concerned, the doctrine did not work.4. How do you comment on the American Civil WarThe outcome of the war placed the northern capitalists in solid control of the federal government of the US capitalism. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which freed all slaves throughout the United States.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism1. What is the 10 percent planThe plan provided that as soon as 10 percent of voters in any state had taken the oath of loyalty, they could form their own government and would be entitled to the recognition of their state by the president of the United States.)2. Why was Andrew Johnson impeached by the HouseIn March 1867, Congress passed two Acts that took away two presidential prerogatives: the right to remove Cabinet members and the right to remove army officers under his command. To test the constitutionality of the Act, President Andrew Johnson removes Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretary of War, from office in1869, who was the only remaining Radical in Johnson’s Cabinet.He thus walked into troubles with the radicals. Later the House voted to impeach the President.3. After the Reconstruction, how were the civil rights of the Blacks in the South①Voters must be able to read and write;②Voting taxes were introduced;③The whites also took steps to segregate the blacks and two separate societies emerged in the South.4. Why did the US have a rapid industrial growth after the Civil War①The vast industrial development began with the opening the West.②Speeding this process of western settlement were the railroads.③Science and technology were also greatly marching forward.④The basic industry of the nation, iron and steel, also developed rapidly after the Civil War.⑤The oil industry also developed rapidly.⑥During the latter part of the 19th industry, industrial expansion in America went ahead rapidly.⑦There was a clear indication of rapid concentration of capital.6. What was the “Open Door Policy”The so-called “Open Door Policy” which demanded that all the imperialist powers should enjoy equal chance in China as freely as other aggressors.。
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该国,我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
这是一个什么在许多方面是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。
大多数人都知道做些什么,因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用,只是来到一个在未来数年年底,之后第二次世界大战。
然而,一些市民对英国知道(他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误,英格兰)可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。
一方面,帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前,只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的重要性。
英国不再是一个帝国的国家,尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式,而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分,和国家之间的密切关系,至少它通过一个松散的维持(自愿)组织的联系称为英联邦国家。
但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟,其中英国1973年以来的成员,这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家,而不是其英联邦成员资格。
它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家,是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。
另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。
从这些英联邦国家,这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民,已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。
他们自己或其父母或祖父母,出生在印度或巴基斯坦,加勒比国家,这些只是最常见的。
这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题:因为是大多数情况下,或所有,国家是不可能总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。
英国认为谁,很多人认为的英国绅士。
但是,这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说,没有什么真正的有效性今天。
英国是一个国家,一个单一的护照,和一个政府及对其所有的主权,但作为国家的大力顾名思义,它是由不同的元素组成。
它包括4一个国家内的部分国家:大不列颠岛是由英格兰,苏格兰和威尔士,北爱尔兰,一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份,完成设置。
因此,在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑,必须使这些分歧,例如:一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴,如果我们打电话给她的英国绅士?她是苏格兰和女性,并认为她的身份从不同的男人和不同的英语。
但是,这4个组成部分之间的区别的国家只有一个,也许是最简单的,不同的是分裂联合王国。
有人已经指出,英国现在是一个多种族社会,这些移民是最近才集团带来了自己的文化,这与他们并肩坐在一起,与生活更加传统的英国方式方方面,例如,许多穆斯林,而大多数(名英国人至少)是基督教徒。
并明确在我的苏格兰妇女的例子涉及的是事实,人和女人没有生活在英国同样的经历。
此外,英国经济分为:它是一个阶级结构的社会。
很可能夸大了这个阶级的重要性,因为结构的过程中,大多数国家有一些一流的一种制度,但它确实可以说,对英国社会的阶级结构是比较明显的。
一名工厂工人,他的父亲是工厂的工人很可能会从股票经纪,父亲是一名股票经纪人,不同的文化:他们将倾向于读不同的报纸,看不同的电视节目,用不同的说话口音,在做不同的事情他们的自由时间,对自己的孩子有不同的期望。
另一个不同之处,这标志着英国社会就是区域。
即使在四个国家,每个地区的不同:高地之间的差异和低地苏格兰有着悠久的历史意义,例如:北部和南部英格兰队也被认为是文化不同,但它们之间的边界上没有标记任何地图,只存在一个比较笼统的精神风貌。
然而,有一些是在经济方面的区别的基础,南部平均较富裕的北方。
部分之间的北部和南部的另一个区别,这标志着英国社会,一个可以看到在许多社会中,但有可能尤其明显,在英国,也就是资本之间的区别和不同的经济差别的原因找到了省份。
伦敦是在该国南部,并在英国占主导地位的各种方式。
这是迄今为止该国最大的城市,约占全国人口的七分之一,它是政府的所在地,它是文化中心,这里是所有的主要报纸,电视台,与遥遥领先的最广泛选择画廊,剧院和博物馆。
此外它是商业中心,在英国大公司总部的绝大多数,是国家的金融中心,三个主要的国际金融中心之一。
因此,它结合了北京,上海,广州,还是纽约,华盛顿和洛杉矶的职能,在一个城市。
并鉴于其长期在英国的历史作用,也许西安呢!伦敦是英国的经济和文化生活的巨大影响力,并在一定程度上在其阴影的国家中休息。
EnglandPopulation (1994) 48.7 million (UK total 58.4 million)Area 130 423 km2 (UK total 241 752 km2)英国是一个高度城市化的国家,其80个城市的人口居住在%,而只有2的农业劳动人口%。
其最大的城市是首都,伦敦,这是在英国统治在各个领域:政府,金融,和文化。
英国物理上的四国最大的,它是迄今最多的人口。
在规模优势,这反映在文化和经济优势也具有其结果是外国人士有时约英格兰交谈时他们指的是英国的错误。
值得注意的是,在英国的人有时也犯类似的错误,但在其他三个国家的人不会:他们会称自己为英国(如可能的英文),否则可能会称自己为苏格兰或威尔士和爱尔兰,但是,他们肯定不会自称(或喜欢被称为)英语。
因此,奇怪的是,四国,英国大多数英国人认为,因此,作为一个独立的“英语”对自己最薄弱的文化,在英国。
英国历史上一直是侵略的历史。
之前,公元一世纪,英国是组成许多人的凯尔特部落王国:一个强大的文化源自欧洲中部。
在43AD当时英国入侵的罗马帝国,英格兰和威尔士(虽然不是苏格兰和爱尔兰),成为了近400年罗马帝国的一部分。
由于罗马帝国受到来自东面的威胁来了,罗马军队和罗马保护撤出英国,英国再次为小王国分裂,它再次受到来自外部的威胁,这从日耳曼民族时间:角度,和撒克逊人。
其中最著名的传说源于英文本的时间。
在公元5世纪,据说是一位伟大的领导人出现,统一了英国人,他的神奇的剑,神剑,推动了撒克逊人回来。
这是亚瑟王的故事,并已通过歌手,诗人,小说家,甚至制片人至今点缀。
虽然亚瑟王的真实存在的疑问,您可以访问他的传说,如悬崖边缘的廷塔杰尔城堡在康沃尔,相关的地方。
根据传说亚瑟的骑士聚集一公司给他,谁坐在阿瑟一起在卡米洛特城堡(可能是真实的吉百利在萨默塞特山山顶堡垒)。
他的骑士之间的冲突导致亚瑟创造了著名的“圆桌会议”时,都将具有相同优先级。
这也许可以看作是在其中的英国人,也希望看到他们都不是一个远程君主独裁者其他方式的指标,并在管理成为一个更民主的制度,逐步约束君主的事实,而不是完全拒绝它。
不管亚瑟的成功,不是传说,但并没有持续,对盎格鲁撒克逊人确实成功地入侵英国,要么吸收凯尔特人人,或迫使他们到英国西部和北部边缘。
尽管人们对当代英语亚瑟王认为他们的英雄,他实在是对他们的斗争,这些盎格鲁撒克逊侵略者英语的祖先,在“角创始人土地”或“英格兰”,因为它成为众所周知的。
两个侵略者的团体来英国后,从8世纪后期的:,袭击者来自斯堪的纳维亚,凶恶的海盗,威胁到英国的海岸。
在英格兰长大,他们的定居点,直到英格兰北部和东部的广大地区在其控制。
届时,英国的英雄是真正的英语(盎格鲁撒克逊人),如阿尔弗雷德大帝,谁把在打击海盗南部的潮流。
仍然有一定的这一天北方人之间在英国,南方人的文化鸿沟的同时不自觉地“撒克逊人”与“丹麦人”,可能在这个时候它的起源。
较富裕的南方人倾向于认为是自己的尖端不到北方人,而北方人认为南方人傲慢和不友好的。
它们还具有明显的特点是不同的口音。
下一个侵略者的诺曼,来自法国北部,谁都是海盗的后裔。
在诺曼底威廉(称为“征服者威廉”),他们在1066年越过英吉利海峡,并在黑斯廷斯战役,哈罗德国王下击败英国军队。
这标志着最后一次从外部入侵成功地在英伦三岛的军队。
威廉了英国王位,成为英国威廉第一。
在伦敦,在伦敦,他城堡建中心大楼,今日依然适用。
诺曼并没有解决任何英格兰很大程度上:进口,而他们的统治阶级。
接下来的三百年可以看作是一个诺曼(和法语)贵族统治一个主要撒克逊和英语的人口。
正是这种局势产生了英格兰的英雄传说另一个。
这是罗宾汉,由诺曼,谁成为非法压迫Saxonnobleman,并与他的“快乐男人”带传说藏在舍伍德森林在英格兰北部的中部。
从这个秘密的地方,武装他们的长弓,然后他们出去抢劫从富人送给穷人。
这种早期的英国社会主义(!)有特色,在许多电视剧和电影,英国和美国。
一些作家已经看到在这个绿木隐藏着的英文字符的线索:内容丰富,非常规的内部生活的外部符合隐藏的叛乱传奇受欢迎。
但是,像所有成见,这一项在很多英国人,尤其是年轻人,喜欢展示他们的unconvenionality外部其弱点,,例如英国朋克摇滚乐队与他们的生动头发染高低不平。
但是,确实有许多英国房屋的死气沉沉方面隐瞒美丽的后花园。
园艺是英国最受欢迎的消闲活动之一,并在后花园提供了一个地方,人们的户外生活在家里就可以进行公众的目光。
对比这可能与其他国家的户外生活可能更多的社会正面看路人门廊由坐在人。
在未来数百年诺曼入侵后,可以被看作是连接在一起的英国统治下的不列颠群岛的各个部分的过程,因此有英国的身份最终成为淹没通过一项更广泛的英国身份的必要性,既要团结王国内部,并提出一个单一的身份对外英国成为一个帝国。
与此同时,权力从君主逐渐移交给议会。
查尔斯第一企图推翻于17世纪40年代导致内战中,议会的力量取得了胜利,国王被处决议会。
经过11个,其中英国是由国会领导人,克伦威尔,恢复君主制统治多年的差距。
与议会和国王的冲突导致从宝座取消苏格兰的斯图亚特房子,威廉和玛丽从荷兰进口采取王位,从而最终建立对朝廷议会的统治地位。
ScotlandPopulation: 5.111 millionArea: 77 080km2苏格兰是第二个最大的四个国家,无论是在人口和地理区域。
这也是最有信心自己的身份之一,因为只有非英语了它先前花了相当长一段历史的英国组件作为统一国家的英国独立。
因此,它不是一个大的飞跃苏格兰想象自己独立了。
在身体上,苏格兰是英国最坚固的一部分,是人烟稀少的山区和北部的湖泊区,(苏格兰高地)和南部(南高地)。
三,在低地地区的人口生活宿舍,跨越这两个国家的高地地区。
最大城市格拉斯哥,在这个区域西面。
苏格兰首府爱丁堡市,在东海岸40英里的距离格拉斯哥。
这是著名的有美,其占主导地位的大城堡,在市中心的高的岩石。
这两个城市都拥有古老的和国际上知名大学从15世纪以来。
苏格兰不是罗马人征服,但他们曾经尝试,并占领了一段时间至于北部高原区的边缘。
然而,维持他们的统治有困难,导致他们撤退到线大致相当于英格兰和苏格兰之间的现代边界。
沿着这条线,从海到海,他们像中国,建立了一堵墙,以纪念他们的域的北部边缘,并帮助保卫它。
它被称为“哈德良长城”之后,罗马皇帝在其建设的时间,虽然毁了,它的长度仍然可以看到并沿着。
也不是苏格兰最征服盎格鲁撒克逊人,虽然英国的角度是在东南成立,因此,爱丁堡的日耳曼名字。
英国凯尔特人流离失所由撒克逊入侵南部被占领靠近了现在格拉斯哥,在这同一时期(约公元六世纪)的人从北爱尔兰入侵西南地区。