(天津专用)2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十四文章结构题优选习题

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2019高考英语天津专用优编增分二轮试题：专题3 阅读理解第2节一

一、细节理解——事实细节题(2018·6月天津，A)FirePreventionInformationTheUniversityofAdelaideemploysafull-timestaffoffirepreventionprofessionals.Theyinspectallc ampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler(喷水灭火装置) systems，firealarms，andfireextinguishers(灭火器).Theyalsoprovideeducationalprogramsonfiresafetyintheresidencehalls.Wheneveryoumovetoane warea，youshouldlocatethefirealarmpullstationsandthetwoexitsnearestyourroom.FireAlarmsThefloorsofallcampusbuildingsareequippedwithmanual(手动的) firealarmsystemswhichincludefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfire alarmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors，smokedetectorsandsprinklers.Foryoursafety，nevertamperwith(胡乱摆弄) thesesystems.Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment. FireDrillsAfiredrillwillbeconductedinyourresidencehalleverysemester.Duringafiredrill，pleasedothefollowing：·TakeyourroomkeyandID，closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.·Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexit；donotusealift.·Meetoutsideofyourresidencehallandwaitforfurtherinstructions.FireExtinguisherseafireextinguisheronlyifyouhav ebeentrainedtodoso.Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherreside ntsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines. SmokeDetectorsAsmokedetectorisontheceilinginyourroom.Somebuildingsalsohaveheatdetectorsontheceilings. Dothefollowingtoensurethesafeoperationofyoursmokedetector：·Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly，theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblinking(闪动)，contactresidencehallstaffimmediately.·Donotcoverorblockyoursmokedetectorinanyway.·Ifasmokedetectorsetsoffanalarmandthereisnofireorsmoke，informyourhallstaff.36.Whatisthemaindutyofthefirepreventionprofessionals?A.Toprovidepart-timejobsforstudents.B.Toleadthestudentstothenearestexits.C.Tocheckandmaintainfirepreventionequipment.D.Totrainteacherstobefirepreventionprofessionals.答案 C解+析细节理解题。

2019届高考英语二轮增分策略：第二部分-主旨大意题(含解析)

考纲解读高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。

分析近几年的高考英语试题,我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位.阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能,它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。

不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。

除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如:对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。

考情分析纵观近几年各地英语试卷，阅读理解题有如下特点：1．突出语用，体裁多样,题材丰富阅读理解题体裁分布包括记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文等，涉及的话题新颖广泛,体现了其多样化、现代化和生活化的特点，综合反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。

2．信息密集,句子优美，结构复杂阅读理解题每篇都是以简约的语言负载高含量的信息，要求准确迅速地从特定的语篇中有目的地获取信息。

阅读理解文章的句子原汁原味、语言地道、纯正优美，而且篇章结构和句子结构都有一定的难度。

各篇或在时间顺序上，或在空间顺序上，或在逻辑推理上，均使用了较高级的组篇手段。

结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略句以及插入语等也随处可见。

3．细节为主，推理随后，主旨突出阅读理解题型分布合理，以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，主旨大意题几乎每年都考。

各个题型的分布已逐步成熟且趋于平稳。

阅读理解分为五大题型:主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和篇章结构题。

考点1 主旨大意之精确归纳标题真题解密Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don't listen because they already know it all。

I was lucky：I became a pilot in 1970，almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didn't realize then，but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying。

天津专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第一节技法点拨优选习题

专题三阅读理解第一节技法点拨高考阅读理解要求考生在规定的时间内完成4篇不同体裁、题材的阅读理解题。

考生不仅要能正确理解文章的表层意思，还要能通过表层意思合理地推断出文章的隐含意义。

近几年阅读理解的命题已从对传统知识的掌握情况的考查转向对能力的考查，命题者更关注考生用英语获取信息的能力和处理相关信息的能力。

为了帮助考生清楚地了解英语阅读理解题的情况，下面将具体分析近三年天津卷英语阅读理解题的命题特点：由以上统计可看出，天津卷对阅读理解的考查文体上以应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文为主，题型以细节理解题、推理判断题为主，词义猜测题、主旨大意题较难，所占比例较少，命题很好地体现了“注重基础，体现层次，有利于选拔人才”的高考命题思想。

一、阅读理解解题四步法第一步：扫描题干，划关键定位词，区分题型和预测文章主要内容。

第二步：通读全文，抓住中心。

1.通读全文，抓两个重点：(1)段中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题。

(2)其他各段的段首和段尾句。

其他部分略读，有重点地读。

2.抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题：(1)文章叙述的主要内容是什么？(2)文章中有无提到核心概念？ (3)作者的大致态度是什么？第三步仔细审题，返回原文。

仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩。

定位原则：(1)通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。

(关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等)(2)自然段定位原则。

出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。

要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。

第四步重叠选项，选出答案。

1.通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。

2.做题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由。

二、研读答案特征1.正确答案的特征：(1)正确答案经常与中心思想有关。

(2)正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。

2019高考英语天津专用优编增分二轮试题：专题3 阅读理解第2节四

四、推理判断——细节推断题(2018·6月天津，B)When I was 17，I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay，once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death.On a sunny Saturday，Sally and I drove over to the museum.She asked，“Do you have the address？”“No，but I’ll recognize it，there was a picture in the magazine.”“Oh，stop.There it is！”The museum was free.We entered，excited.A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.“May I help you？” a man asked.“No，” I said.“We’re fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves.What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in？Sally had gone upstairs.The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的)，keeping their eyes on me with curiosity.What was their problem？I saw some nice sculptures in one room.Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me.“Where do you think you are？”he asked.I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum！” He smiled，shaking his head.“Sorry，the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.”“What’s this place？”I asked，still confused.“Well，it’s our home.”My heart jolted(震颤).I raced to the staircase and called out，“Sally! Come down immediately！”“There’s some really good stuff(艺术作品) up there.”She stepped down，looking confused.I pushed her toward the front door，waving at the family，saying，“Sorry，please forgive us，you have a really nice place.” Outside，when I told Sally what happened，she covered her mouth，laughing.She couldn’t believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.The real McNay was splendid，but we felt nervous the whole time we were there.Van Gogh，Picasso.This time，we stayed together，in case anything else unusual happened.Thirty years later，a woman approached me in a public place.“Excuse me，did you ever enter a residence，long ago，thinking it was the McNay Museum？”“Yes.But how do you know？We never told anyone.”“That was my home.I was a teenager sitting in the hall.Before you came over，I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.I never felt lucky before.You thought it was a museum.My feelings about my home changed after that.I’ve always wanted to thank you.”41.What do we know about Marian McNay?A.She was a painter.B.She was a community leader.C.She was a museum director.D.She was a journalist.答案 A解+析细节理解题。

天津高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十二主旨大意_文章大意题课件

and eyes should be called as special senses? The basic reason is that these are the
channels through which we maintain contact with the surroundings.Though
解析答案
39.What does the story mainly tell us? A.A man owes his success to his family support. B.A winner is one with a great effort of will. √ C.Failure is the mother of success. D.One is never too old to learn. 解析文章大意题。根据作者对自己马拉松情况的叙述可知，对于一
By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. By mile 21，I was starving!
位脚踝有伤、不具有运动天赋的人来说去跑马拉松面临的挑战可想而
知，但作者不畏艰难，凭着强大的意志力，最后成功到达终点，显然
就是选项B提到的“一位具有强大意志力的获胜者”。故选B项。
明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普说明类，都会考查文章大意类题。设问形式常有： (1)What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/the text? (2)What does the text/passage mainly focus on? (3)The passage is mainly about . .

2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破一细节理解_事实细节题课件

随堂限时练
A (2018·辽宁朝阳凌源高三上期末) Amazon Adventure by Sy Montgomery Join the award--winning author Sy Montgomery and the photographer Keith Ellenbogen.Tiny fish，called piabas，can help preserve the Amazon，its animals and the rich legacy of its people. Amazon Adventure is an eye--opening—and ultimately hopeful— exploration of how humanity’s practices are affecting and shaping not only the Amazon，but our entire environment.
Lights，Camera，Middle School!
by Jennifer L．Holm For Babymouse，middle school is like a monster movie.You can never be sure who’s a friend and who’s an enemy，and the halls are filled with mean girl zombies.They expect everyone to be just like them.But babymouse doesn’t
语篇解读
1.What should people caring for the environment read?
√A.Amazon Adventure.

2019年高考英语天津专版二轮复习文档：专题三阅读理解第二节

第二节　方法运用于命题阅读理解的常考命题1．细节理解题细节理解题在高考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，但这部分题目相对来说比较简单，只要通过题干的关键词，在文中找到题目的相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案。

其正确选项特征为：同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等。

其干扰项特征为：张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非等。

2．词义猜测题高考阅读理解试题中对于词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大。

词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。

要做好该类试题需要：利用上下文线索猜测词义(重述、定义、举例、同义词或近义词、反义词等)；根据语法知识猜测词义；根据上下文逻辑猜测词义；根据构词法猜测词义；根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等。

3．推理判断题推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力。

推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键。

其正确选项特征为：立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念。

其干扰选项特征为：曲解文意、张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、无中生有、鱼目混珠、扩缩范围等。

4．主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。

其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。

其干扰选项特征为：过于笼统，不知所云；以偏概全，主次不分；移花接木，偷换概念；无中生有，生搬硬套等。

注意　解答各类命题时往往是多法并举，而不是一种方法解决一种题。

(2017·天津，B)Fifteenyearsago，ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingup ahillforapanoramic(全景的)viewofthebluesea，whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees，Ipausedtocatchmybreathandth enpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately，justasItookoutmycamera，awomanapproachedfrombehind，andplant edherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme，thiswomanwasheretostop，sighandappreciate theview.PatientasIwas，afterabout15minutes，mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingthesh otIwouldeventuallytake，Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakej ustonepictureofthelandscape？Sure，Icouldhaveaskedher，butsomethingpreventedmef romdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn’twanttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethe photoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit，Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimage interesting.Thelandscape，beautifulonitsown，somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecau sethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto，withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it，nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscapture d(捕捉) andfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall？Abedroom，afterall，isaveryprivatespace，inwhichsomewomanIdon’tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized(使……永存)．Insomeways，shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachothers’spaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor：toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty，that weallshareacommondesireforpleasure，forconnection，forsomethingthatisgreatertha nus.Thatphotoisareminder，acapturedmoment，anunspokenconversationbetweentwowome n，separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

(天津专用)2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破三细节理解_数字计算题课件

This is an event for all the family.Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment. 语篇解读本文是一篇应用文，题材是旅游广告。文章介绍了游览霍尔克庄园的游客须知和四项特别的活动。
National Garden Day 28th August Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged.
For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide. Winter Market 8th November
语篇解读
21.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from
Manchester?
A.20 minutes.
B.25 minutes.
C.45 minutes.
√D.90 minutes.
解析细节理解题。根据文章的How to Get to Holker部分中“By
Gardens? A.￡12.00. C.￡8.00.
√B.￡9.00.
D.￡5.50.
解析细节理解题。根据文章的Admission Charges部分中Hall &
Gardens 一列与 Groups 一行的交叉处可知，旅游团的一个成员游览
Hall & Gardens所需要的费用为￡9.00。故选B。

(天津专用)2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破二细节理解-间接信息题优选习题

二、细节理解——间接信息题(2018·全国Ⅰ，A)Washington，D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.Duration：3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike，helmet，cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.Duration：3 hoursMorning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and fortable bikes and a smooth tourroute(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington，D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。

精选高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十四文章结构题优选习题

十四、文章结构题一、篇章结构题(2018·“六校联盟”第三次联考)Careers in zoology are extremely varied and unique，and can provide incredible learning and work opportunities for anyone devoted to animal studies and welfare.Zoology，or the study of animals，is a wide field with many specialties，including research，conservation，veterinary(兽医的) medicine，and the care of animals.For people with a love of animals and some training，dreams of careers in zoology may come true.Some careers in zoology focus on research and scientific studies.These careers may allow those with a good theoretical science background to develop and run studies that improve human understanding of the animal world.Research in zoology can help create safer and more effective products for animals or can teach humans more about animal behavior in order to aid in conservation，breeding programs，and habitat preservation.Careers in zoology that focus on conservation attach great importance to the continued survival and increased protection of animal species.Conservationists may work with political groups or governments to help make laws to protect and preserve animals，or may work in the field gathering information on potential threats to the health of global ecosystems.Some conservationists work in educational fields，trying to improve human efforts to save animals from extinction.Animals are subject to illness and injury，and some careers in zoology help to create a safe，stable animal population.Veterinary medicine is an important specialty field，and may take several years of intensive training to qualify as a certified veterinarian.While many veterinarians focus on the small-animal practice of domestic pets，vets in rural areas often work with large farm animals and more adventurous veterinarians may work with exotic species in zoos and wildlife preserves.Humans love to observe animals，and modern-day zoos and wildlife preserves help meet that interest while providing facilities to assist with conservation programs.Zoology careers in zoos can range from overseeing breeding programs，to creating the proper diet for a deer，or to cleaning the tiger’s cage.Many volunteerand entry-level jobs are available for people that love animals.语篇解读文章介绍了动物学相关职业的多样性，并就四种相关的职业进行了具体讲解。

天津专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题二完形填空第二节二夹叙夹议文课件201812163115

From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can 18 the members of a team.Instead of seeing my boys as losers，I pushed and 19 them.I helped them to see themselves 20 ， and they built themselves into winners. Winners are made，not born. 语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己当教练的一次经历告
解析
答案
5.A.cheer for C.help with 解析
B.prepare for √ D.finish with
由空前提到的 practice( 训练 ) 可知，训练是为比赛做准备
(prepare for) 的。 cheer for 为 …… 欢呼； help with 帮助 …… ； finish
解析
答案
12.A.rewards C.health 解析
B.vacations √ D.honor
联系空后的“we met every day(我们天天见面)”和“passing
and kicking the football( 传球和踢球 )” 可知，其他的队在享受假期
(vacation) 时 “ 我们 ” 在训练。 reward 奖赏； health 健康； honor 荣誉。
联系空前的old team和下文的“Being the co)队之间的比赛。successful成功的；excellent
优秀的；strong强壮的。

(天津专用)2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十词句猜测-句意理解题优选习题

十、词句猜测——句意理解题(2017·浙江，A)Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camel’s hai r.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱的).His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cat’s lot was about to improve.That year，one of Benjamin’s cousins，Mr Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city，Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape(风景) painting.William Williams，a well-known painter，came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he later said，“Those tw o books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.21.What is the text mainly about?A.Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.B.Williams’ influence on Benjamin.C.The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.答案 C解析主旨大意题。

(天津专用)2019高考英语二轮增分策略考前冲刺卷(二)

考前冲刺卷(二)第Ⅰ卷第一部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.I actually believe that we would win the football match now if you on the left leg last month.A.weren’t injuredB.hadn’t been injuredC.haven’t bee n injuredD.wouldn’t be injured答案 B解析句意为：我确实认为如果上个月你的左腿没有受伤的话，我们现在就能赢下这场足球比赛了。

分析句子结构可知，I actually believe后是由that引导的宾语从句；且该宾语从句使用了混合虚拟语气，主句表示与现在情况相反，而if引导的虚拟条件句则表示与过去情况相反，故应用had done结构。

2.Tom will take charge of the meeting this afternoon，and he is asking once held the meeting for suggestions.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whom答案 A解析句意为：汤姆将负责今天下午的会议，他正在征求曾主持过这种会议的人的建议。

ask sb. for suggestions向某人寻求建议。

根据句意及句子结构可知，空处在句中引导宾语从句，表示“谁”，且在从句中作主语，故需用who来引导该宾语从句。

3.Peking Duck， as one of the best ways to eat the delicious duck，has earneda reputation both at home and abroad.A.regardedB.regardingC.being regardedD.to be regarded答案 A解析句意为：北京烤鸭——被认为是最好的品尝美味鸭肉的方式之一——已经享誉国内外。

(天津专用)2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十四文章结构题课件

语篇解读
1.What is the purpose of researching on animals in zoology?
A.To help governments make laws.
B.To improve researchers’ scientific knowledge.
C.To create safe and effective products for humans.
√D.To educate people to protect animals.
Animals are subject to illness and injury，and some careers in zoology help to create a safe ， stable animal population.Veterinary medicine is an important sears of intensive training to qualify as a certified veterinarian.While many veterinarians focus on the small-animal practice of domestic pets，vets in rural areas often work with large farm animals and more adventurous veterinarians may work with exotic species in zoos and wildlife preserves.
专题三第二节分类突破
十四、文章结构题
内容索引
感悟体会名师点津随堂限时练
感悟体会
一、篇章结构题 (2018·“六校联盟”第三次联考) Careers in zoology are extremely varied and unique，and can provide incredible learning and work opportunities for anyone devoted to animal studies and welfare.Zoology，or the study of animals，is a wide field with many specialties，including research，conservation， veterinary(兽医的) medicine，and the care of animals.For people with a love of animals and some training，dreams of careers in zoology may come true.

(天津专用)高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破六推理判断-写作意图题优选习题

六、推理判断——写作意图题(2018·北京，C)Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms’ stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini，co-author of the study，says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carbon-carbon bond，is there as well，” she explains.“The wax worm evolve d a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”43.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.答案 C解析推理判断题。

(江苏专用)2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破4推理判断-细节推断题优选习题

四、推理判断——细节推断题It was already midnight and I was walking quickly out of Recovery Room，knowing I had to be back early next morning.Though in a hurry，I noticed a lone woman with an anxious look on her face.As it turned out，her daughter-in-law had just been transferred to Intensive Care，so I decided to take her up there.Down the hall，she stated，“I bet you’re trying to leave，aren’t you？” I confirmed her observation，adding that it was quite all right.We soon arrived，and upon talking with the patient’s nurse，I was able to let her in right away.She turned to me and said，“Thank you，you will be blessed.”The next day，on my way home after my day shift，I noticed a voice mail from my sister in Rochester，which gave me an uneasy feeling.I had to pull off the road as I listened to her message：“Mom had a stroke；she’s in the hospital and the Neurologist said it doesn’t look good.” My mind darted back to the words I had heard the night before as I cried out with anger：“This is a blessing？”The following day I flew up to Rochester.My brother picked me up from the airport and we soon arrived at the hospital.I walked into my mom’s room and she looked as if I had never seen her before.Her usual bright smile was replaced with a look of emptiness.All at once the cruel reality of the signs and symptoms of a fresh strokewere there，but I wasn’t the instructor，I was just a family member. My mom seemed to recognize me，and I fought back tears as I told her how much I loved her.Over the next five days，my mom made unexpected progress，as she began to speak a few words，slowly and almost painfully.With each milestone，it seemed the nurses and aides were almost as excited as we were.Everyone，without exception，treated my mom with kindness and compassion.I think the event that will stay in my memory forever occurred on my mom’s fourth day.It was time to repeat the swallowing study to assess if my mom could start eating.All four of us siblings hung together in the waiting room，nervous，our eyes shifting constantly to the door of 2607，anticipating and desperately hoping for good news.As her door opened，the therapist came out with a smile；we instantly knew she had good news，and we collectively breathed a sigh of relief.Five days after her stroke，my mom was ready for transfer to a rehabilitation facility，and I was headed back down South.With a very heavy heart，I said goodbye to my mom and the staff from the Stroke Unit.On the way back home，I had plenty of time to think about my own experiences as a Recovery Room nurse.I could envision the smiles on so many of the faces of our patients as they leave our unit.I was also reminded of the fact that we as health care givers have a certain power：we can add to the stress of a patient’s hospital experience，or we can be the one ray of sunshine that leaves a smile on their face.Truly，there will always be the pain of knowing that my mom had a stroke，but my memories will always be tempered by the thoughtful care she received in the Stroke Unit.I have since reflected on the words of gratitude spoken to me a week earlier by the visitor I took to the ICU.Yes，I was blessed；it was the kind of blessing that will warm my heart forever.1．What actually made the author uneasy?A．That she had to listen to a voice mail from her sister.B．That she didn’t believe the blessing she had heard.C．That she sensed something wrong with her mom.D．That she must fly up to Rochester the next day.答案 C解析推理判断题。

【天津专版】2019年高考英语二轮复习文档专题三阅读理解第二节含答案

第二节方法运用于命题阅读理解的常考命题1．细节理解题细节理解题在高考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，但这部分题目相对来说比较简单，只要通过题干的关键词，在文中找到题目的相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案.其正确选项特征为：同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等.其干扰项特征为：张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非等.2．词义猜测题高考阅读理解试题中对于词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大.词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围.要做好该类试题需要：利用上下文线索猜测词义(重述、定义、举例、同义词或近义词、反义词等)；根据语法知识猜测词义；根据上下文逻辑猜测词义；根据构词法猜测词义；根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等.3．推理判断题推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力.推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键.其正确选项特征为：立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念.其干扰选项特征为：曲解文意、张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、无中生有、鱼目混珠、扩缩范围等.4．主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现.其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩.其干扰选项特征为：过于笼统，不知所云；以偏概全，主次不分；移花接木，偷换概念；无中生有，生搬硬套等.注意解答各类命题时往往是多法并举，而不是一种方法解决一种题.(2017·天津，B)Fifteenyearsago，ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的) viewofthebluesea，whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees，Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately，justasItookoutmycamera，awomanapproachedfrombehind，andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme，thiswomanwasheretostop，sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas，afterabout15minutes，mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake，Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandsc ape？Sure，Icouldhaveaskedher，butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn’tw anttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethe photoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit，Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape，beautifulonitsown，somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto，withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it，nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured(捕捉) andfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall？Abedroom，afterall，isaveryprivatespace，inwhichsomewomanIdon’tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized(使……永存)．Insomeways，shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapswealllivein eachothers’spaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor：toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty，thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure，forconnection，forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.Thatphotoisareminder，acapturedmoment，anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen，separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.41．Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto? A．Hercamerastoppedworking.B．Awomanblockedherview.C．Someoneaskedhertoleave.D．Afriendapproachedfrombehind.答案 B解析细节理解题.根据第二段中的“...awomanapproachedfrombehind，andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.”可知，就在“我”拿出相机的时候，一位女士从后面走过来，正好停在“我”的视线前面，即“我”的视线被挡住(blocked)了，故选B 项.42．Accordingtotheauthor，thewomanwasprobably.A．enjoyingherselfB．losingherpatienceC．waitingforthesunsetD．thinkingaboutherpast答案 A解析细节理解题.根据第三段中的“Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation...withthat.”可知，选A项.43．Intheauthor’sopinion，whatmakesthephotosoalive? A．Therichcolorofthelandscape.B．Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.C．Thewoman’sexistenceinthephoto.D．Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.答案 C解析细节理解题.根据第四段中的“...Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.”可知，作者认为，那位女士在照片中的存在使得这张照片有趣，即：那位女士在照片中的存在让照片变得很生动.故选C项. 44．Thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthortobetterunderstand. A．theneedtobeclosetonatureB．theimportanceofprivatespaceC．thejoyofthevacationinItalyD．thesharedpassionforbeauty答案 D解析推理判断题.根据第六段中的“...toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty，thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure，forconnection，forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.”可知，通过那张照片作者明白了：我们都欣赏美，都有着对快乐的共同渴望、对人际关系改善的共同期待和对超越自身价值的共同追求.由此可知，这张照片让作者更好地理解人们对美的共同热爱.45．Thepassagecanbeseenastheauthor’sreflectionsupon. A．aparticularlifeexperienceB．thepleasureoftravelingC．theartofphotographyD．alostfriendship答案 A解析推理判断题.本文讲述的是作者的一次特殊经历及由此产生的一些人生感悟，故选A 项.(2017·天津，C)Thismonth，Germany’stransportminister，AlexanderDobrindt，proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles(自主驾驶车辆)．Theywoulddefinethedriver’sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincras heswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles：thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverl essfuture.Dobrindtwantsthreethings：thatacaralwayschoosesproperty(财产) damageoverpersonalinjury；thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace；andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail，say—thecar’smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.“Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving，”saysDobrindt.Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers，hesays.Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers，consumersandlawyers.“Theliability(法律责任) issueisthebiggestoneofthemall，”saysNatashaMeratattheUniversityofLeeds，UK.AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars，introducedearlierthisyear，insiststhatahuman“bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad”ateverymoment.Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’，peopleexpectdriverlesscars，”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”Becauseoftheconfusion，Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithouthumanope ration.Driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown，saysRyanCaloatStanfordUniversity，California.ThatishappeningintheUKandSingapore，wheregovernment-provideddriverlessvehiclesarebeinglaunched.ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS，however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodw ouldgetabsolutelynowherehere，”saysCalo.46．Whatdoesthephrase“deathvalley”inParagraph2referto? A．Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B．Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C．Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D．Asituationwheredr ivers’roleisnotclear.答案 D解析词义猜测题.根据第二段中的“...thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedr iverlessfuture.”可知，deathvalley指的就是半自主驾驶和完全无人驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带，即：对司机角色的定义不清楚.故选D项. 47．TheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimsto. A．stoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrulesB．helppromotefullyautomaticdrivingC．protectdriversofallagesandracesD．preventseriouspropertydamage答案 B解析推理判断题.第一段说Dobrindt提出第一套自主驾驶车辆的规章，将会定义自主驾驶车辆司机的角色，这个提议就是处理“deathvalley”这个问题的；第四段说交规的改变会准许全自动驾驶，而且会将完全无人驾驶汽车和有人驾驶汽车放到一个平等的法律地位上，由此推断，Dobrindt提出此建议的目的就是推广全自动驾驶.故选B项. 48．Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars?A．Itshouldgettheattentionofinsurancecompanies. B．Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers. C．Itshouldnotcausedeadlytrafficaccidents. D．Itshouldinvolvenohumanresponsibility.答案 D解析细节理解题.根据第七段中的“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’，peopleexpectdriverlesscars，”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”可知，人们认为的无人驾驶汽车，就是没有司机的汽车，当然也不该包括人的责任问题，故选D项. 49．Driverlessvehiclesinpublictransportseenobrightfuturein.A．Singapore B．theUKC．theUS D．Germany答案 C解析细节理解题.根据最后一段中的“ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS，however.”可知，无人驾驶汽车作为公共交通方式在美国反响却很差，即：在美国，无人驾驶汽车在公共交通领域看不到光明的前景，因此选C项.50．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AutonomousDriving：WhoseLiability?B．FullyAutomaticCars：ANewBreakthroughC．AutonomousVehicles：DriverRemoved!D．DriverlessCars：RootofRoadAccidents答案 A解析标题归纳题.全文围绕自主驾驶车辆的司机的角色认定以及谁该负法律责任的问题展开了讨论，故选A项.跟踪训练A(2016·河东区一模)There’snodoubtthatourcharacterhasaprofoundeffectonourfuture.Whatwemustreme mber，however，isnotmerelyhowpowerfulcharacterisininfluencingourfate(命运)，buthowpowerfulweareinshapingourowncharacterand，therefore，ourownfate.Charactermaydetermineourfate，butcharacterisnotdeterminedbyfate.It’sacommonmistaketothinkofcharacterassomethingthatisfullyformedandfixedve ryearlyinlife.Itcallstomindoldproverbslike“Aleopardcan’tchangeitsspots”and “Youcan’tteachanolddognewtricks”．Thisperspectivethatourcharacteris“etchedinstone”issupportedbyagreatdealofmodernpsychologyemphasizingself-acceptance.AsPopeyesay s，“IamwhatIam.”Thehiddenmessageis：Don’texpectmetobemore，better，ordifferent.Ultimately，theseviewsofhumanitytotallyundervaluethelifelongpotentialforgrowththatcomeswith thepowerofreflectionandchoice.Howdepressingitwouldbetobelievethatwecan’tchoosetobebetter，morehonest，morerespectful，moreresponsible，andmorecaring.Noneofusshouldgiveupthepersonalseekingtoimproveourcharacter.Notbe causewe’rebad，wedon’thavetobesicktogetbetter，butbecausewe’renotasgoodaswecouldbe.Therearesomanythingsinlifewecan’tcontrol，whetherwe’rebeautifulorsmart，whetherwehadgoodparentsorbad，whetherwegre wupwithaffirmationornegation.It’sinspiringtorememberthatnothingbut moralwillpowerisneededtomakeusbetter.No，itisn’teasy.Butifwemakeagreatefforttobecomemoreawareofthehabitsofheartandmindt hatdriveourbehavior，wecanbegintoplacenewemphasisonourhighervaluessothatwebecomewhatwewantourchildre ntothinkweare.1．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．WeShapeOurOwnCharacterB．CharacterDeterminesOurFateC．CharacterIsFullyFormedandFixedD．WeMustMeetWhatOurChildrenNeed答案 A解析标题归纳题.纵观全文，文章主要讲述了什么塑造了我们的性格以及我们的性格受哪些因素的影响，结合各个选项的意思，可知选A.2．Theauthoragreesthat.A．aleopardcan’tchangeitsspotsB．inlifewemustattachimportancetoself-acceptanceC．weshouldn’texpectourselvestobemoredifferent D．characterisnotfullyformedandfixedveryearly答案 D解析细节理解题.根据第二段第一句“It’sacommonmistaketothinkofcharacterassomethingthatisfullyformedandfixedvery earlyinlife.”可知D选项的意思与之相符，故选D.3．Intheauthor’sopinion，whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Wecan’tchoosetobebetter.B．Weshouldseektoimproveourcharacterforwe’rebadenough. C．Weshouldvalueourlifelongpotentialforgrowth. D．Weshouldmakechoicesconstantly.答案 C解析推理判断题.根据第四段的内容可知，作者认为我们应该高度重视我们个人的终身发展，故本题应选C.4．Whatdoweneedtoimproveourselvesaccordingtotheauthor?A．Oursmartness. B．Ourwillpower.C．Ourfate. D．Ourcharacter.答案 B解析细节理解题.根据第六段最后一句可知,作者认为我们需要意志力来自我完善.故选B.5．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Itisnotdifficulttoimproveourselves. B．Wemusttryourbesttobeasgoodaspossible. C．Ourchildrenshouldcopyourbehavior. D．Weshouldcontrolasmanythingsaspossibleinlife.答案 B解析推理判断题.根据第五段的内容可推知选B项.B(2017·河北区二模)Iamawriter.Ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage—thewayi tcanevoke(唤起) anemotion，avisualimage，acomplexidea，nguageisthetoolofmytrade.AndIusethemall—alltheEnglishesIgrewu pwith.BornintoaChinesefamilythathadrecentlyarrivedinCalifornia，I’vebeengivingmorethoughttothekindofEnglishmymotherspeaks.Likeothers，Ihavedescribedittopeopleas“broken”English.ButIfeelembarrassedtosaythat.IthasalwaysbotheredmethatIcanthinkofnowayt odescribeitotherthan“broken”，asifitweredamagedandneededtobefixed，asifitlackedacertainwholeness.I’veheardothertermsused，“limitedEnglish”，forexample.Buttheyseemjustasbad，asifeverythingislimited，includingpeople’sperceptions(认识) ofthelimitedEnglishspeaker.Iknowthisforafact，becausewhenIwasgrowingup，mymother’s“limited”Englishlimitedmyperceptionofher.IwasashamedofherEnglish.IbelievedthatherEnglish reflectedthequalityofwhatshehadtosay.Thatis，becausesheexpressedthemimperfectly，herthoughtswereimperfect.AndIhadplentyofevidencetosupportme：thefactthatpeopleindepartmentstores，atbanks，andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously，didnotgivehergoodservice，pretendednottounderstandher，orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.Istartedwritingfictionin1985.AndforreasonsIwon’tgetintotoday，IbegantowritestoriesusingalltheEnglishesIgrewupwith：theEnglishsheusedwithme，whichforlackofabettertermmightbedescribedas“broken”；andwhatIimaginetobehertranslationofherChinese，herinternal(内在的) language，andforthatIsoughttopreservetheessence，butneitheranEnglishnoraChinesestructure.Iwantedtocatchwhatlanguageabilitytestsc annevershow：herintention，herfeelings，therhythmsofherspeechandthenatureofherthoughts.6．Bysaying“Languageisthetoolofmytrade.”，theauthormeansthat. A．sheusesEnglishinforeigntradeB．sheisfascinatedbylanguagesC．sheworksasatranslatorD．sheisawriterbyprofession答案 D解析句意理解题.由文章第一句“Iamawriter.”和第一段的内容可知，此处表示作者是一名作家.7．Theauthorusedtothinkofhermother’sEnglishas.A．impolite B．amusingC．imperfect D．practical答案 C解析细节理解题.作者在文章的第二段和第三段中描写她母亲的英语时用了：broken(蹩脚的)，limited(有限的)，imperfect(不完美的)三个形容词，故选C. 8．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3? A．AmericansdonotunderstandbrokenEnglish.B．Theauthor’smotherwasnotrespectedsometimes.C．Theauthor’smotherhadapositiveinfluenceonher. D．BrokenEnglishalwaysreflectsimperfectthoughts.答案 B解析推理判断题.从第三段的最后一句可推断，作者的母亲有时因其蹩脚的英语而不受人尊重.9．Theauthorgraduallyrealizeshermother’sEnglishis.A．wellstructuredB．intheoldstyleC．easytotranslateD．richinmeaning答案 D解析推理判断题.通过最后一段的内容可知作者改变了对母亲蹩脚的英语的看法，认为她的蹩脚英语内涵丰富.10．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thechangeoftheauthor’sattitudetohermother’sEnglish. B．Thelimitationoftheauthor’sperceptionofhermother.C．Theauthor’smisunderstandingof“limited”English.D．Theauthor’sexperiencesofusingbrokenEnglish.答案 A解析主旨大意题.文章讲述了作者对母亲所讲的蹩脚英语的态度随着时间的推移所发生的变化.。