2009年7月高级时事英语试题
高中英语真题-2009年普通高等学校全国统一考试英语(全国卷Ⅱ,解析版)
高中英语真题:2009年普通高等学校全国统一考试英语(全国卷Ⅱ,解析版)【总卷评析】从测试反馈和卷面总体分析的情况来看,体现了语言能力的考查和高考试题体现的选拔性,突出了考试大纲对语言基本功的测试。
第一卷(选择题)第一部分英语知识运用(共三节,满分50分)语音知识(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)【总体评析】观察试题单词,可看出均侧重基础和高频词汇的考查。
所以,总体而言,语音知识这道大题,难易度的设置较为适中,有选拔的梯度设计。
这套试卷选取了字母两个辅音字母“c,x”、一个元音字母及一个元音字母组合“i,ei”和一个半元音字母“y”来进行基本语音考查。
基本上能涵盖完整的元辅音及组合元音字母发音的考查。
从辨音难易度来看,第1、2和4小题读音区别度比较明显,考生不易失分。
第3小题的迷惑度较大,再次就是第5小题具有一定得迷惑度,但相对第3小题来看,要容易得分。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例:haveA. gaveB. saveC. hatD. made答案是C1. JulyA. diaryB. energyC. replyD. daily【答案】C【解析】该选项y读音/ai/,而,其余发/i/。
区别度较大,考生一般不易失分。
2. medicineA. twiceB. medicalC. perfectD. clinic【答案】A。
【解析】字母“c”发/s/,而其余排除项发音/k/,比较明显,不含糊,考生基本能判别。
3. seizeA. neighbourB. weighC. eightD. receive【答案】D。
【解析】seize中的“ei”读音/i:/。
而其余项读音/ei/。
4. determineA. remindB. ministerC. smileD. tidy【答案】B。
【解析】该字母读音/i/,其余排除项读音/ai/。
高考英语试卷真题2009
高考英语试卷真题20092009年高考英语试卷真题Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A) On July 7th. B) On July 10th. C) On July 17th. D) On July 20th.2. A) At a police station. B) At a post office. C) At a phone booth.D) At a hotel.3. A) The woman doesn't have any classes on Monday. B) The woman has no idea about the timetable. C) The woman should go to the student office. D) The woman will have a meeting on Monday.4. A) The man has been listening to too much music. B) The man never listens to classical music. C) The man finds classical music relaxing. D) The man prefers rock music to classical music.5. A) She is fed up with the man's behavior. B) She thinks the man can ask for an extension. C) She believes the man is not well prepared.D) She advises the man to start early.6. A) The man is in a hurry. B) The woman is too busy to go with the man. C) The man should drive more slowly. D) The woman shouldn't stay any longer.7. A) The man should prepare for the exam. B) The woman should change her major. C) The man can provide some information. D) The woman should learn from the man.8. A) The man has no desire to go to the concert. B) The man wants to stay home. C) The man is going to see the concert. D) The man would rather watch TV.9. A) The man is good at cooking. B) The man doesn't like pizza. C) The man can't cook well. D) The man ordered pizza.10. A) The woman is planning a travel abroad. B) The woman just came back from abroad. C) The woman should think of a place to go. D) The woman is worried about the man.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Passage One11. A) He missed the last bus. B) He watched a late movie. C) He left work late. D) He drove his friend home.12. A) An accident occurred on the highway. B) The speaker has to work late. C) Wait for the speaker a while. D) The speaker missed the last train.Passage TwoQuestions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13. A) Their education. B) Their marriage. C) Their job. D) Their family.14. A) Her job. B) Her relationship. C) Her progress. D) Her apartment.15. A) Everyone faces them. B) Women are always successful.C) The pressure is getting less intense. D) The pressure is shifting to men.Passage Three16. A) Liam wants to look for a job. B) Liam is going through a difficult time. C) Liam is going to start a new business. D) Liam is enthusiastic about his work.17. A) They had a tight schedule. B) The business trip was a failure.C) Business travel is stressful. D) The talk overran the scheduled duration.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices given below and marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Growing up, we are told of a life that seems to belong in another era. It is a life 18 with questioning beliefs, taking chances, and a relentless desire to achieve a personal goal while battling a plague of 19 and world problems. This longing for a life that is fulfilling and worthwhile can 20 a tremendous amount of stress. The information overload of today has also led us to believe that we need to have it all while being dolled up 21.It's evident that when we peer into the world created, suddenly the dreamed colors seem faded because every time we look around, there are new problems that need to be addressed, and everyone seems content just 22 at the sidelines waiting for a man to come and save them. Everything 23 pretty, but from within, there is a lot of discontentment that everyone is so conveniently 24 under the flashy covering.18. A) filled B) entered C) approached D) faced19. A) neglect B) drama C) ignorance D) depression20. A) realize B) provoke C) initiate D) withstand21. A) outwardly B) inwardly C) awkwardly D) honestly22. A) staying B) hiding C) moving D) arriving23. A) appears B) looks C) sounds D) feels24. A) reassembled B) secured C) hidden D) vanishedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Passage OneIf you've ever dreamed of being a music star but didn't know where to start, there's an online game that will whistle you a few tips. The game is called "Celebrities," and instead of shooting, stabbing (刺), or punching anything, you spend your not-so-hard-earned dollars on things that stars 25 on---homes, cars, gadgets, and purely selfless charities. The game, which debuted in December last year, was one of the first ones to show you can literally buy your way to numero uno in the world of celebrityhood. And it was also one of the first times actors from a top TV show lent their names and images to a video game.25. According to the passage, what can players buy in the game "Celebrities"?A) Violence. B) Recognition. C) Honor. D) Materialism.Passage TwoThe Grinning Ghost is a sad tale of a man who agreed to sit in a haunted room for the night, and never returned. The next day, the movie crew found only a grinning skeleton in the room where the scene was filmed. There is a legend among the natives who lived around the castle that anyone who dares to enter that room will die as this poor man died. The room is still there, empty but guarded.26. What do we learn about "The Grinning Ghost"?A) It is a local legend. B) It is a sad tale of a deserted room.C) It is a horror story about a haunted room. D) It is about a man who disappeared mysteriously.27. What happened to the man who sat in the haunted room overnight?A) He disappeared mysteriously. B) He was found dead the next day.C) He became a legend among the natives. D) He saw the grinning ghost and fainted.Passage ThreeBiopiracy is a term used to depict the exploitation of indigenous knowledge and biological resources by individuals or organizations without permission to do so. The resources are most commonly used for patent registration leading to the denial of benefits that may be due to the native inventors. The concern regarding biopiracy is that it steals benefits from the rightful inheritors as the patented products from their research and knowledge lead to massive profits that they rarely share.28. What is the main topic discussed in the passage?A) The exploitation of indigenous knowledge and resources.B) The denial of benefits to native inventors.C) The significance of patent registration.D) The sharing of profits generated from patented products.29. What is the consequence of biopiracy according to the passage?A) The native inventors are recognized for their contributions.B) Massive profits are made without the knowledge of the native inventors.C) The native inventors receive the benefits they are due.D) The resources are used for the betterment of society.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Choose the best sentence from the list A-G to fill each of the blanks. For each blank in the passage, there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D) on the right of the page. You should choose the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Some mornings, a bear is walking toward me. Its nose twitches, and its eyes are locked on me. I have no weapons to protect myself. (30) ____. I've been looking into its eyes when I was cleaning the house or doing my shopping. A big brown bear is fearless, a bit puzzled, and more curious thanI would have imagined but not threatening me yet. I take a few steps backwards, trying to turn my body slowly as I have seen on TV. (31) ____.30. A) I remember a bear rushing in through a cabin door.31. A) On TV, I saw someone running from a bear.A) The bear becomes defensiveB) Bears are mostly frightened of people.C) The bear seems determined to approach me.D) I may live in an encounter in my future, so I have paid attention.E) I feel a bit of panic but remember to move slowly to not startle the bear.F) I've been practicing how to deal with a wild animal encounter all my life.Section DDirections: Read the passage. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.A lot of these older office buildings looked alike, and he wasn't paying attention. He went inside quickly. He saw there were no mailboxes or any other signs saying which floor any of the offices were on. He asked the cleaning lady, who didn’t speak Swedish. He gave up; time is money. He said he was going to the bookstore.32. How did the man feel about the older office buildings?33. What did the man observe about the building's layout?34. Who did the man ask for help?35. What did the man say he was going to do?Part III Writing (60 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 60 minutes to write a composition on the topic "Life in the 21st Century". You should write atleast 150 words.You should base your composition on the following outline:1. 公共交通工具带来的便利2. 网络购物的优点和缺点3. 朋友间的联系方式4. 面对工作压力的措施Life in the 21st Century公共交通工具的发展给人们的出行提供了更多选择,可以有效减少交通拥堵,保护环境,并且在节省时间的同时提供了更多的安全保障。
2009年7月英美文学选读真题以及答案
2009年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英美文学选读试题课程代码:00604请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上(全部题目用英文作答)PART ONE (40 POINTS)I.Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.1. The first mass movement of the English working class and the early sign of the awakening of the poor, oppressed people is_____.A. The Enclosure MovementB. The Protestant ReformationC. The Enlightenment MovementD. The Chartist Movement2. Daniel Defoe’s works are all the following EXCEPT_____.A. Moll FlandersB. A Tale of a TubC. A Journal of the Plague YearD. Colonel Jack3. “Metaphysical Poetry” refers to the works of the 17th - century writers who wroteunder the influence of _____.A. John DonneB. Alexander PopeC. Christopher MarloweD. John Milton4. The most important play among Shakespeare’s comedies is _____.A. A Midsummer Night’s DreamB. The Merchant of VeniceC. As You Like ItD. Twelfth Night5. The most perfect example of the verse drama after Greek style in English is Milton’s _____.A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica6. Which of the following descriptions of Enlightenment Movement is NOT true?A. It was a progressive intellectual movement that flourished in France.B. It was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centuries.C. The purpose was to enlighten the whole world with moderu philosophical and artisticideas.D. The Enlighteners advocate individual education.7. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for prose EXCEPT_____.A. being preciseB. being directC. being flexibleD. being satiric8. A good style of prose“proper works in proper places”was defined by_____.A. John MiltonB. Henry FieldingC. Jonathan SwiftD.T.S. Eliot9. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is_____.A. love and moneyB. money and social statusC. social status and marriageD. love and marriage10. Wordsworth’s_____ is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature.A. “To a Skylark”B. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”C. “An Evening Walk”D. “My Heart Leaps Up”11. William Blake’s work ______ marks his entry into maturity.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Marriage of Heaven and HellC. Songs of InnocenceD. The Book of Los12. Best of all the Romantic well- known lyric pieces is Shelley’s_____.A. “The Cloud”B. “To a Skylark”C. “Ode to a Nightingale”D. “Ode to the West Wind”13. In the Victorian Period _____ became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought.A. poetryB. novelC. proseD. drama14. In Charles Dickens’early novels, he attacks one or more specific social evils, _____is a good example of describing the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminal underworld life.A. David CopperfieldB. Oliver TwistC. Great ExpectationsD. Dombey and Son15. Thomas Hardy’s most cheerful and idyllic work is_____.A. The Return of the NativeB. Far from the Maddin CrowdC. Under the Greenwood TreeD. The Woodlanders16. The rise of _____ and new science greatly incited modernist writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships.A. the existentialistic ideaB. the irrational philosophyC. scientific socialismD. social Darwinism17. In Modern English literature, the literary interest of _____lay in the tracing of thepsychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehu-manizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A. George Bernard ShawB.T.S. EliotC. Oscar WildeD.D.H. Lawrence18. George Bernard Shaw’s _____ is a better play of the later period, with the author’s almost nihilistic bitterness on the subjects of the cruelty and madness of WWI and the aimlessness and disillusion of the young.A. Too True to Be GoodB. Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionC. Widowers’HousesD. Fanny’s First Play19. Renaissance first started in Italy, with the flowering of the following fields EXCEPT_____.A. architectureB. paintingC. sculptureD. literature20. English Romanticism,as a historical phase of literature,is generally said to have begun with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s_____.A. Poetical SketchesB. A Defence of PoetryC. Lyrical BalladsD. The Prelude21. Charlotte Bront e ’s work _____ is famous for the depiction of the life of the middle - class working women, particularly governesses.A. Jane EyreB. Wuthering HeightsC. The ProffessorD. Shirley22. The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot is a poem concerned with the _____ breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance and purpose.A. spiritualB. religiousC. politicalD. physical23. Perhaps Emily Dickinson’s greatest interpretation of the moment of _____ is to be found in “I heard a Fly buzz--when I died—”, a poem universally regarded as one of her masterpieces. A. fantasy B. birthC. crisisD. death24. The fiction of the American _____ period ranges from the comic fables of Washing-ton Irving to the social realism of Rebecca Harding Davis.A. RomanticB. RevolutionaryC. ColonialD. Modernistic25. The modern _____ technique was frequently and skillfully exploited by Faulkner to emphasizethe reactions and inner musings of the narrator.A. stream - of - consciousnessB. flashbackC. mosaicD. narrative and argumentative26. By means of “_____,”Whitman believed, he has turned the poem into an openfield, an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.A. balanced structureB. free verseC. fixed verseD. regular rhythm27. In 1954, _____ was awarded the Nobel Prize for “his powerful style -forming mas tery of the art”of creating modern fiction.A. Ernest HemingwayB. Sherwood AndersonC. Stephen CraneD. Henry James28. The period ranging from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to as the Age of _____ in the literary history of the United States, which is actually a movement or tendency that dominated the spirit of American literature.A. RationalismB. RomanticismC. RealismD. Modernism29. When he was eighty - seven he read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961. This poet was_____.A. Ezra PoundB. Robert FrostC. E. E. CummingsD. Wallace Stevens30. The renowned American critic H. L. Mencken regarded _____ as “the true father of our national literature.”A. Bret HarteB. Walt WhitmanC. Washington IrvingD. Mark Twain31. We can easily find in Theodore Dreiser’s fiction a world of jungle, where “kill or to be killed”was the law. Dreiser’s _____ found expression in almost every book he wrote.A. naturalismB. romanticismC. cubismD. classicalism32. A preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of _____ and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers.A. love and mercyB. bitterness and hatredC. original sinD. eternal life33. “H e possessed none of the usual aids to a writer’ s career: no money, no friend in power, noformal education worthy of mention, no family tradition in letters. ”This is a description most suitable to the American writer_____.A. Henry JamesB. Theodore DreiserC. W.D. Howells D. Nathaniel Hawthorne34. People generally considered _____ to be Henry James’ masterpiece, which incar nates t he clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a European cultural environment.A. The EuropeansB. Daisy MillerC. The Portrait of A LadyD. The Private Life35. The Jazz Age of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in_______.A. The Great GatsbyB. The Sun Also RisesC. The Grapes of WrathD. Tales of the Jazz Age36. Guided by the principle of adhering to the truthful treatment of life, the American _______ introduced industrial workers and farmers, ambitious businessmen and vagrants, prostitutes and unheroic soldiers as major characters in fiction.A. romanticistsB. modernistsC. psychologistsD. realists37. The American literary spokesman of the Jazz Age is often acclaimed to be_______.A. Henry JamesB. Robert FrostC. William FaulknerD.F. Scott Fitzgerald38. By writing Moby - Dick, _______ reached the most flourishing stage of his literary creativity.A. Herman MelvilleB. Edgar Ellen PoeC. William FaulknerD. Theodore Dreiser39. Faulkner once said that _____ is a story of “lost innocence,”which proves itself to be an intensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.A. Light in AugustB. The Sound and the Fur yC. Absalom, Absalom!D. The Hamlet40. Hawthorne was not a Puritan himself, but his view of man and human history origina ted, to a great extent, in_______.A. CalvinismB. PuritanismC. RealismD. NaturalismPART TWO (60 POINTS)Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41. Behold her, single in the field,Yon solitary Highland lass!Reaping and singing by herself;Stop here, or gently pass!Alone she cuts and binds the grain,And sings a melancholy strain;O listen! For the Vale profoundIs overflowing with the sound.Questions:A. Identify the poet.B. What’ s the rhyme scheme for the stanza?C. What’s the theme of the poem?42. The following quotation is from Mrs. Warren’s Profession:VIVIE: [ intensely interested by this time] No; but why did you choose that business?Saving money and good management will succeed in any business.MRS. W ARREN: Yes, saving money. But where can a woman get the money to save in any other business? Could you save out of four shillings a week and keep yourself dressedas well? Not you. Of course, if you’ re a pl ain woman and cant earn anything more ;or if you have a turn for music, or the stage, or newspaper - writing ; that’s different...Questions :A. Identify the playwright of the above quotation.B. What business do you think Mrs. Warren is involved in?C. What's the theme of the play?43. My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse nearBetween the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year.Questions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which this stanza is taken.B. What figure of speech is used in this stanza?C. Briefly interpret the meaning of this stanza.44. “Where are we going, Dad?”Nick asked.“Over to the Indian camp. There is an Indian lady very sick. ”“Oh,”said Nick.Across the bay they found the other boat beached. Uncle George was smoking a cigar in the dark. The young Indian pulled the boat way up on the beach. Uncle George gave both the Indians cigars.Questions :A. Identify the author and the title of the work from which the passage is taken.B. What does Dad imply when he says “There is an Indian lady very sick”?C. Why is Dad going to the Indian camp?Ⅲ. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give a brief answer to each of the following 9uestions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45. What’ s the literary style of Shelley as a Romantic poet?46. What are the main features of Bernard Shaw’s plays with regard to the theme, charac-terizationand plot?47. Henry Jame s’ literary criticism is an indispensable part of his contribution to literature. What’shis outlook in literary criticiam?48. Local colorism is a unique variation of American literary realism. Who is the most famouslocal colorist? What are local colorists most concerned?IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49. Define modernism in English literature. Name two major modernistic British writers and listone major work by each.50. Briefly discuss the term “The Lost Generation”and name the leading figures of this literarymovement (Give at least three).。
2009年7月时事
2009年7月时事1.教育部等七部门7月1日联合下发《关于加强和改进中等职业学校学生思想道德教育的意见》。
2.7月5日晚上,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐发生打砸抢烧严重暴力犯罪事件。
乌鲁木齐“7·5”事件死亡人数已达到140人,受伤人员达800多人。
3.7月11日上午,第五届两岸经贸文化论坛在长沙隆重开幕。
贾庆林发表了题为《大力加强两岸文化教育交流建设两岸同胞共同精神家园》的演讲。
4.中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅7月印发了《关于实行党政领导干部问责的暂行规定》。
5.国家统计局初步核算,上半年我国GDP(国内生产总值)达139862亿元,同比增长7.1%。
6.首届中国海洋博览会暨“海洋事业60年成就展”7月18日在广东珠海拉开帷幕,这也是我国首个综合展示海洋产业发展的博览会。
本届海博会以“海洋中国60年”为主题。
7.首轮中美战略与经济对话7月28日在美国继续举行,双方分别就战略和经济问题进行多领域、多层次对话,深入交流看法。
8.在7月29日进行的男子800米自由泳决赛中,中国选手张琳为中国游泳队夺得了此次罗马世锦赛的首块金牌,这是我国男子游泳选手第一次在世界大赛中夺得金牌。
9.7月31日,国际人类学与民族学联合会第十六届大会在云南大学落下帷幕。
会议通过《国际人类学与民族学联合会第十六届大会昆明宣言》,主题是“人类、发展与文化多样性”。
10.第二十七届东盟能源部长会议和第三届东亚峰会能源部长会议7月29日在缅甸历史名城曼德勒举行,东盟各国同意到2015年实现减少能源消耗8%的具体目标(以2005年为基础)。
本次东盟能源部长会议的主题是“确保东盟能源有着丰富、可持续的未来”。
2009年8月时事11.8月9日,首届亚洲能源论坛在广州隆重开幕。
大会以“能源革命:增长绿色合作”为主题,深入探讨亚洲经济增长与能源革命、金融危机与亚洲能源发展、能源与低碳经济等议题。
12.国务院深化医药卫生体制改革领导小组办公室8月18日启动和部署国家基本药物制度工作,同时公布《关于建立国家基本药物制度的实施意见》、《国家基本药物目录管理办法(暂行)》和《国家基本药物目录(基层医疗卫生机构配备使用部分)》(2009版),这标志着我国建立国家基本药物制度工作正式实施。
高中英语真题-2009年普通高等学校全国统一考试英语(浙江卷,含答案)
高中英语真题:2009年普通高等学校全国统一考试英语(浙江卷,含答案)英语试题卷共16页。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
一、听力(共三节,满分30分)做题时,请先将答案划在试题卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试题卷上的答案转涂或转填到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分,满分7. 5分)请听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试题卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. 19. 15. b. 9. 15. c. 9. 18.答案是B。
1. Where is the woman from?A. Japan.B. England.C. Australia.2. How many children does the woman have?A. Two.B. Three.C. Five.3. What does the woman suggest?A. Going to town.B. Seeing a movie.C. Having a meal.4. What is the woman going to do?A. Stay for tea.B. Buy some fruits.C. Go back home.5. What is the conversation mainly about?A. The woman’s study.B. The woman’s friend.C. The woman’s trouble.第二节(共12小题;每小题1. 5分,满分18分)请听下面4段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试题卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
全国2009年07月自学考试综合英语(一)试题
全国2009年7月高等教育自学考试综合英语(一)试题课程代码:00794请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上I.语法和词汇。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并将所选答案的字母写在答题纸相应的位置上。
(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)1. Experienced teachers make ______ mistakes than beginners.A. lesser B.fewerC. not many D.very few2. There were 30 students and ______ of them passed the exam.A. every B.every oneC. everyone D.everybody3.The last half of the nineteenth century ______ the steady improvement in the means of travel.A. has witnessed B.was witnessedC. witnessed D.is witnessed4. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ______ and perfected now.A. developed B.have developedC. are being developed D.will have been developed5. It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory ______ by about 10%.A. will have risen B.has risenC. will be rising D.has been rising6. I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem ______ all the time.A. to get worse B.to be getting worseC. to have got worse D.getting worse7. ______ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt frightened.A. By B.OnC. At D.For8. By the time the war ______, most of the people had already left.A. broke out B.broke upC. intervened D.happen浙00794# 综合英语(一)试题第1 页(共8 页)9.He studied hard at school when he was young,______contributes to his success in later life.A.which B.thatC.what D.each of which10. A judge must be ______ when weighing evidence.A.disinterested B.interestedC.separated D.disconnected11. She ______ and fell from the top of the stairs to the bottom.A.slipped B.slopedC.split D.spilt12. I could have done better if I ______ more time.A.have had B.hadC.had had D.will have had13.Wood does not conduct electricity, ______.A.nor rubber does B.nor does rubberC.als o doesn’t rubber D.so doesn’t rubber14.Not always ______ they want.A.people can do what B.people cannot do whatC.can people do what D.c an’t people do what15.I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ______ there.A.were B.would beC.had been D.will be16.He was______ enough to understand my question from the gestures I made.A.intelligent B.efficientC.proficient D.diligent17.Neither of the young men who had applied for the position in the university ______.A.has been accepted B.have been acceptedC.was accepted D.were accepted1 8.Until then, his family ______ from him for six months.A.didn’t hear B.hasn’t been hearingC.hasn’t heard D.hadn’t heard浙00794# 综合英语(一)试题第2 页(共8 页)19.If she doesn’t tell him the truth now,he’ll simply keep on asking her until she ______.A.does B.has doneC.will do D.would do20.Tony is very disappointed ______ the results of the exam.A.for B.toC.with D.towardⅡ.阅读理解。
2009年全国高考统一考试英语试卷及答案(新课标卷)
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语英 语本试卷分第一卷(选择题)和第二卷(非选择题)两部分。
第一卷1至14页。
第二卷15页。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
至16页。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一卷注意事项:注意事项:1.答题前,考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,并贴好条形码。
请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
号填写清楚,并贴好条形码。
请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
2.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选图其他答案标号,在试题卷上作答无效。
橡皮擦干净后,再选图其他答案标号,在试题卷上作答无效。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟 的时间将试卷上的答案做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟转涂到答题卡上。
转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt? A. £19.15 B.£9.15 C. £9.18 答案是B。
1. What do the speakers need to buy? A. A fridge B. A dinner table C. A few chairs 2. Where are the speakers? A. In a restaurant. B. In a hotel C. In a school. 3. What does the woman mean? A. Cathy will be at the party. B. Cathy is too busy to come. C. Cathy is going to be invited 4. Why does the woman plan to go to town? A. To pay her bills in the bank. B. To buy books in a bookstore. C. To get some money from the bank 5. What is the woman trying to do ? A. Finish some writing. B. Print an article. C. Find a newspaper. 第二节(共15小题,每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
全国2009年7月高等教育自学考试 综合英语(一)试题 课程代码00794
全国2009年7月高等教育自学考试综合英语(一)试题课程代码:00794请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上I.语法和词汇。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并将所选答案的字母写在答题纸相应的位置上。
(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)1. Experienced teachers make ______ mistakes than beginners.A. lesser B.fewerC. not many D.very few2. There were 30 students and ______ of them passed the exam.A. every B.every oneC. everyone D.everybody3.The last half of the nineteenth century ______ the steady improvement in the means of travel.A. has witnessed B.was witnessedC. witnessed D.is witnessed4. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ______ and perfected now.A. developed B.have developedC. are being developed D.will have been developed5. It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the fac tory ______ by about 10%.A. will have risen B.has risenC. will be rising D.has been rising6. I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem ______ all the time.A. to get worse B.to be getting worseC. to have got worse D.getting worse7. ______ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt frightened.A. By B.OnC. At D.For8. By the time the war ______, most of the people had already left.A. broke out B.broke upC. intervened D.happen浙00794# 综合英语(一)试题第 1 页(共8 页)9.He studied hard at school when he was young,______contributes to his success in later life.A.which B.thatC.what D.each of which10. A judge must be ______ when weighing evidence.A.disinterested B.interestedC.separated D.disconnected11. She ______ and fell from the top of the stairs to the bottom.A.slipped B.slopedC.split D.spilt12. I could have done better if I ______ more time.A.have had B.hadC.had had D.will have had13.Wood does not conduct electricity, ______.A.nor rubber does B.nor does rubberC.als o doesn’t rubber D.so doesn’t rubber14.Not always ______ they want.A.people can do what B.people cannot do whatC.can people do what D.c an’t people do what15.I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ______ there.A.were B.would beC.had been D.will be16.He was______ enough to understand my question from the gestures I made.A.intelligent B.efficientC.proficient D.diligent17.Neither of the young men who had applied for the position in the university ______.A.has been accepted B.have been acceptedC.was accepted D.were accepted1 8.Until then, his family ______ from him for six months.A.didn’t hear B.hasn’t been hearingC.hasn’t heard D.hadn’t heard浙00794# 综合英语(一)试题第 2 页(共8 页)19.If she doesn’t tell him the truth now,he’ll simply keep on asking her until she ______.A.does B.has doneC.will do D.would do20.Tony is very disappointed ______ the results of the exam.A.for B.toC.with D.towardⅡ.阅读理解。
中央电大2009年7月英语口语(3)试题
Express thanks to B. Tell B quitting is I • one of the many possibilities (Expressing possibili ty ).
Insist
on
A' s of
reconsideration other
and
thinking
possibilities
845
试卷代号 : 2 1 4 8
中央广播电视大学 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 0 9学年度第二学期"开放专科"期末考试
英语口语 ( 3 )口试题签
(学生用卷 I B )
2009 年7 月
In this test , you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand and use spoken English. Th e test is divided into three parts. Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Questions and Answers. Rol e-play.
阳ssibi lity)
Insist on A' s reconsideration and
thinking of other possibilities (Expressing
二
Part 3
Speak on the following topic for 2-3 minutes.
Does the Internet play an important role in your life? Why or why not?
Part 3
自考英语2009年7月真题及答案
山东省2009年7月全国高等教育自学考试英语(二)试卷(14 学分)(课程代码:0015 考试时间:150分钟)本试卷分为两部分,第一部分为选择题;第二部分为非选择题;选择题50分,非选择题50分,满分100分;考试时间150分。
将全部答案写在答案纸的相应位置上,否则不计分。
PART ONE (50 POINTS)1.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上。
1. we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where2. You didn’t let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired.A. drove; didn’t getB. drove; wouldn’t getC. were driving; wouldn’t getD. had driven; wouldn’t have got3. Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, she?A. hadB. didC. hadn’tD. didn’t4. I’ll look into the matte r as soon as possible. Just have a little .A. waitB. timeC. patienceD. rest5. –When shall we meet again?–Make it day you like; it’s all the same to me.A. oneB. anyC.anotherD. some6.The weather turned out to be very good, was more than we could expect.A. whatB. whichC.thatD. it7. –Shall I tell John about it?–No, you . I’ve told him already.A. needn’tB.wouldn’tC. mustn’tD. shouldn’t8. I need one more stamp before my collection .A. has completedB. completesC. has been completedD. is completed9. Here’s my card. Let’s keep in.A.touchB. relationC. connectionD. friendship10. The first textbooks for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16 century.A. writtenB. having writtenC. to be writtenD. being writtenII. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)下面短文中有十个空白,每个空白有四个选项。
高中英语真题-2009年普通高等学校全国统一考试英语(北京卷,含答案)
高中英语真题:2009年普通高等学校全国统一考试英语(北京卷,含答案)本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分, 第Ⅰ卷1至14页, 第Ⅱ卷15至16页, 共150分, 考试时间120分钟。
考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项:1. 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上, 在试卷上作答无效。
2. 答题前考生务必将答题卡上的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔填写, 用2B铅笔将准考证号对应的信息涂黑。
3. 答题卡第Ⅰ卷必须用2B铅笔作答, 将选中项涂满涂黑, 黑度以盖住框内字母为准, 修改时用橡皮擦除干净。
第Ⅱ卷必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答, 未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答均不得分。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题共115分)第一部分: 听力理解(共两节, 30分)第一节(共5小题, 每小题1. 5分, 共7. 5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题, 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后, 你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话你将听一遍。
例: What is the man going to read?A. A newspaperB. A magzineC. A book答案是A。
1. How fast does the woman type?A. 15 words a minuteB. 45 words a minuteC. 80 words a minute2. Which program does the man like most?A. SportsB. HistoryC. News3. Which language does Mr. White speak well?A. FrenchB. SpanishC. Japanese4. What was in the woman's missing bag?5. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a classroom.B. In a libraryC. In a bookstore第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分, 共22. 5分)听下面6段对话或独白。
2009年高考英语新课标卷试题及答案
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标卷)英语试卷21.—It looks heavy. Can I give you a hand?— .A.No, thanksB.Yes, my pleasureC.No,never mindD.Yes, I do22.Let’s go to cinema-that’ll take your mind off the problem forA.the; theB. the; aC.a; theD. a;a23.How much she looked without her glasses!A.WellB.goodC.bestD.better24.Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?A.whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whatever25.What do you mean, there are only ten tickets?There be twelve.A. shouldB. wouldC.willD.shall26.His sister left home in 1998, and since.A.had not been heard ofB.has not been heard ofC.had not heard ofD.has not heard of27.I tried phoning her office, but I couldn’t .A.get alongB.get onC.get toD.get through28.She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.A.themB.whoC.whomD.these29.Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano.A.didn’t knowB.hadn’t knownC.don’t knowD.haven’t known30.The children all turned the famous actress as the entered the classroomA.looked atB. to look atC.to looking atD. look at31.New technology was used in teaching. As a result, not only , but students became more interested in the lessons.A.saved was teachers’energyB.was teachers’energy savedC.teachers’ energy was savedD.was saved teachers’ener32.Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.A.drawB.strikeC.ruseD.push33.One of the most important questions they had to consider was ofpublic health.A.whatB.thisC.thatD.which34.Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story.A.beyondB.withoutC.ofD.in35.Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisionsA.takingB.takeC.takenD.to take第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
全国2009年7月高等教育自学考试
全国2009年7月高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题课程代码:00087请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分)(一)本部分共有10小题,在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个在意义和表达方面与原文最接近,选择最佳译文。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
(20分)1. Chu Teh remembered his age. He was thirty—six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.A. 朱德还记得自己的年龄,他已三十六岁,青春一去不复返,留给他的是衰老和幻灭。
B. 朱德想起自己的年龄,他已三十六岁,青春像一路鸣叫的鹰,早已一闪而逝,留给他的是衰老和幻灭。
C. 朱德想起自己的年龄,他已三十六岁,青春像一路鸣叫的鹰,早已不在了,使他有衰老感和幻灭感。
D. 朱德还记得自己的年龄,他已三十六岁,青春像一路鸣叫的鹰,早已一闪而逝,留给他的是衰老和幻灭。
2. Several times on his trips to China, which he made as a guest of the Chinese government, Bill’s birthday occurred while he was in Beijing.A. 好几次访问中国,比尔都是作为中国政府的客人,而好几次生日都是在北京度过的。
B. 比尔作为中国政府的客人数次访问中国,好几次都是在北京过的生日。
C. 比尔作为中国政府的客人访问中国,好几次都赶上在北京过生日。
D. 好几次访问中国,比尔都是作为中国政府的客人,好几次都赶上在北京过生日。
3. My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring.A. 我几乎是无意识地用手抚摸着我所熟悉的叶片和花朵,这新长的叶片和刚开的花朵在南方迎来了芬芳的春天。
全国2009年7月高等教育自学考试综合英语试题
全国2009年7月高等教育自学考试综合英语试题2009年7月全国高等教育自学考试英语语法试题一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. 1. Even when you are at _______ end, you should not lose your head and make wrong judgment. ()A. wit'sB. you wit'sC. your wit'sD. your wit2. It's reported that by the end of this year the output of steel in the factory _______ by 20% or so.()A. will have risenB. has risenC. will be risingD. has been rising3. A lower birth rate can _______ if the government can promote more even income distribution. ()A. achieveB. achievedC. be achievingD. be achieved4. It is recommended that the students _______ the oral interpretation test until they have had enough preparation. ()A. not takeB. takeC. don't takeD. will not take5. If he _______ hard in the past ten years, he wouldn't have achieved so much in the medical field.()A. hadn't been workingB. had been workingC. workedD. weren't working6. Every employee _______ do his best for the development of the company, if he wants to be promoted. ()A. canB. mayC. needD. should7. So many students _______, the test had to be put off. ()A. were absentB. have been absentC. being absentD. had been absent8. I'll never forget _______ my present boss for the first time. ()A. to meetB. meetingC. to have metD. having been meeting9. The most impressive furniture in his office is a _______ chair. ()A. comfortable huge leatherB. leather comfortable hugeC. leather huge comfortableD. huge comfortable leather10. The smaller the computer is, _______. ()A. the higher the price isB. the price is higherC. higher the price isD. the higher price it is11. When it comes to mathematics, I'm _____ John. ()A. inferior toB. inferior thanC. more inferior toD. more inferior than12. The school library was named_____the donor who offered ten million yuan for its construction. ()A. byB. afterC. withD. from13. Paris is one of the places_____. ()A. where I most want to visitB. that I want to visit it mostC. in which I most want to visitD. which I most want to visit14. Although he studied very hard, he failed in the entrance exams to college, _____was really a pity. ()A. thatB. itC. whichD. as15. His beloved son died in a car accident two years ago,_____cast a shadow over the rest of his life. ()A. thatB. itD. what16. The painter and the sculptor ____to hold an exhibition in the downtown gallery.( )A. has decidedB. had decidedC. have decidedD. have been decided17. That all the students should wear school uniforms _____much stressed by the headmaster. ()A. areB. hasC. isD. have18. Emily is motivated to study_____ she knows that a good education can improve her life. ()A. thereforeB. because ofC. becauseD. so19. Although his many examples were all right, the remainder_____ not quite exact. ()A. areB. wereC. isD. was20. Are you going to buy _____ rice? ()A. all theseB. these allC. all this二、填空题(本大题共28小题,共36分)Section A Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.(共8小题,每小题2分,共16分)21. has made, have made, makes, are, it's, they'reThe family _______ up their minds that _______ going to travel.22. a, a, the, the, any, allSingleton is _______ quiet village near Chicgester. The village has _______ population of a few hundred people.23. arranges, is arranged, has arranged, forget, have forgotten, have been forgottenThe list _______ alphabetically and nothing seems to _________.24. is, was, were, has, will have, would have_______ it to rain tomorrow, the opening ceremony _______ to be postponed.25. even though, as though, although, understand, understood, understandingWhenever the professor explained something, she kept smiling and nodding her head from time to time _______ _______ every word of his lecture.26. which, what, told, he told, was told, which was toldThere was one thing _______ me _______ I don't believe.27. is, are, to be, which, that, what_______ he said and thought _______ none of your concern.28. when, what, who, any, either, otherI don't know _______ I should choose. _______ way I'll lose a good manager.Section B Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes where necessary. ( 共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)29. That may be your lost car,_______ (it)?30. _______ (fast) you are running!31. No one will fail to marvel at the_______ (snow) of the Himalayas.32. She would work twelve hours a day all _______ (years) when she was at Cambridge.33. Would you mind going to the_______ (chemist) for me?34. I'm afraid you_______ (have) to be responsible for everything you do after you' re eighteen.35. John_______ (resemble) his father more and more as he grows older.36. I _______ (finish) the novel last night, but I was just too tired.37. Two bags which_______ (go) to Rome were at this moment being loaded aboard a flight to Milwaukee.38. I'm sorry, she's not here. She_______ (leave) already.39. I don't mind working late at night, but I can't stand_______ (get) up early in the morning.40. Would you speak louder so as to make yourself_______ (hear)?41. Is your mother any_______ (relaxed) after an hour's rest?42. This is by far_______ (good school) in the region.43. This coach doesn't go to Beijing. You will have to change_______ (Nanjing).44. The authority to call an emergency meeting_______ (rest) the president.45. The project_______ (which) they have been working for two years is a total failure.46. To eat to live and to live to eat_______ (constitute) two different attitudes toward life.47.In 1941 America assumed_______ (role) as a world power.48. - Haven't we met before?- I _______ (not think).三、改错题(本大题共l 2小题,每小题1分,共12分)Correct the errors in the following sentences.49. We have got enough time to read such many novels.50. —Why have you set your alarm clock to go off at 5:30?—Because I will get up then. I've got a lot to do.51. Although best known for her prose works, Maya Angelou was also published several collections of poetry.52. Yesterday he got so drunk, but he could find the front door.53. When heated, the metal expands, and if been cooled, it will contract.54. His illness may well be thanks to malnutrition.55. Marge walked away from the discussion; otherwise, she might say something she would regret later.56. Why doesn't she buy us a drink? It isn't as although she had no money.57. They can choose their own jobs, that I can not.58. That human beings live in great numbers, the rivers are very likely to become polluted.59. The girl who came late danced prettily well.60. We have received your estimate for the alterations you propose but have decided that itwould be too high.四、改句题(本大题共1 2小题,每小题2分,共24分)Rewrite the following sentences as required.61. Reinforcing the negation:These goods are not satisfactory.62. Using a question tag:I don't suppose that he is serious.63. Using a non-finite verb form:Please advise me which I should choose.64. Combining two sentences using a condition-adjunct:The weather keeps fine. I see no reason why the village fete should not be a success.65. Using a relative clause:Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system, has 11 satellites.66. Combining two sentences using a preference-adjunct:He did not ask for help. He decided to work it out on his own.67. Combining two sentences using a contrast-adjunct:We live in poverty. Our neighbours have money to burn.68. Using a non-finite clause as subject:It is difficult to study English well within 2 years.69. Using extraposition:To drive without a license is illegal.70. Using discontinuity:The days when he could boss me around are gone.71. Using fronting:He threatened to take his revenge on his father's murderer, and he will take the revenge.72. Using an appropriate cohesive device:I inherited some skills from my mother. Those skills have been put to the rest.五、简答题(本大题共2小题,每小题4分,共8分)Answer the following questions.73. Why can some non-progressive verbs be used in the progressive form?74. Under what circumstances do we use singular verb witha collective noun denoting animate beings as subject?。
中央电大2009年7月英语口语(2)试题
Part 3
Complete a rol e-play task with the student. The conversation should last 3-4 minutes.
A meets B , a teacher of the Foreign Languages 'Department on the campus. A tells the teacher about his/her diet plans for the holiday.
Part 2
Ask the student to speak on the following topic for about 2 minutes.
Comment on the" one child policy". Do you approve or disapprove of China' s "one-child policy"? sk the student to read aloud the part between the
stars( 保 ) .
Section A
祷 Ma ry
was at the airport waiting in line to check in her luggage. She received a
A meets B , a teacher of the Foreign Languages Department on the campus. A tells the teacher about his/her diet plans for the holiday.
You are A. You start the conversation with'B. The following is the procedure you should follow. • • Exchange greetings with B. Talk about your plans for the holidays: make a diet plan and stick to it throughout the holiday. • Say you are greatly encouraged by the teacher' s SUPportl Answer B' s questions about your food preferences. • Express your thanks I End the conversation.
全国2009年7月自考综合英语(二)试题
全国2009年7月自考综合英语(二)试题(总分:100.00,做题时间:150分钟)一、课程代码:00795 (总题数:15,分数:15.00)1.Einstein’s special theory of ______ , far from being obscure and difficult, can be understood in its basics with no more than first-year algebra.(分数:1.00)A.relativeB.relativenessC.relativity √D.relatively解析:2.They are still not fully able to distinguish right ______ wrong.(分数:1.00)A.betweenB.from √C.forD.against解析:3.The moment when she knew that her boyfriend was going to break up with her, her eyes ______a hurt look.(分数:1.00)A.took outB.took overC.took toD.took on √解析:4. At parties Jack doesn’t mind making a ______ of himself as long as it brings about joy and laughter.(分数:1.00)A.fool √B.heroC.cowardD.man解析:5.She turned down the request because it was __ the limits of his power.(分数:1.00)A.aboveB.overC.offD.beyond √解析:6.They ______ in going in spite of the awful weather.(分数:1.00)A.insistedB.existedC.persisted √D.consisted7.You will succeed in the end ______ you give up halfway.(分数:1.00)A.even ifB.as thoughC.as long asD.unless √解析:8. It’s very ______ of you to water my garden while I was away.(分数:1.00)A.consideredB.considerate √C.consideringD.considerable解析:9. Helen probably ______ her rapid recovery to her husband’s devoted care.(分数:1.00)A.obligedB.contributedC.belongedD.owned √解析:10.______ the plan carefully, he decided to take it.(分数:1.00)A.To have judgedB.To judgeC.Having judged √D.Judging解析:11.I would like to attend the dancing class, but I was ______ the chances at school. (分数:1.00)A.lostB.denied √C.missedD.dismissed解析:12.Widespread corruption ______ serious problems to the government.(分数:1.00)A.poses √B.hasC.affectsD.results解析:13.She seemed ______ all her passion after she failed the Entrance Exam for University. (分数:1.00)A.to have lost √B.having lostC.to loseD.losing14. I consider his suggestion the most ______ that has so far been offered.(分数:1.00)A.sensible √B.sensitiveC.sentimentalD.strenuous解析:15.The prize will go to ______ of them writes the best article.(分数:1.00)A.whoever √B.whomeverC.whicheverD.whatever解析:二、II.完形填空。
浙江2009年7月高级英语试题
浙江省2009年7月自学考试高级英语试题课程代码:10005Part I Vocabulary (20%)Directions A: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence.1. The wind ______ the tree of all its leaves. ( )A. stripedB. strippedC. struckD. stretched2. She has been ______ in line to buy some stamps. ( )A. waitedB. waitingC. awaitedD. awaiting3. He was unable to keep up the ______ on his car. ( )A. loanB. moneyC. depositD. payments4. He gave a(n) ______ to the United Nations. ( )A. giftB. addressC. noteD. agreement5. This book tells you how to ______ getting ill while traveling. ( )A. escapeB. removeC. recoverD. avoid6. He got through his work with ______ and efficiency. ( )A. speedB. sparkC. spaceD. speech7. She insisted that he ______ the experiment all over again. ( )A. didB. hadC. doD. leave8. I invited him to the meeting, but he ______. ( )A. declinedB. acceptedC. removedD. escaped9. Our vacation is ______ and we still can’t decide where to go. ( )A. goingB. approachingC. flyingD. keeping10. These flowers will not grow in a cold ______. ( )A. weatherB. airC. dayD. climate11. He spoke with more eagerness ______ is appropriate on such occasions. ( )A. than thatB. than whatC. thanD. other than12. He feels a deep ______ towards his parents for his miserable childhood. ( )A. indignationB. indignityC. indigenousD. indignant13. The badly wounded have ______ for medical attention over those only slightly hurt.( )A. privilegeB. priorityC. potentialD. principle14. They stayed up late trying to ______ out a way to solve the problem. ( )A. letB. giveC. knockD. figure15. After he won the first prize, he was full of ______ and believed that he was an expert on everything. ( )A. arroganceB. vanityC. conceitD. contempt16. That mountain track is not ______ in winter. You’d better go there in summer. ( )A. practicableB. practicalC. feasibleD. possible17. Our school bus always ______ more than fifty students, which, in fact, is not allowed. ( )A. is seatingB. has been seatedC. is seatedD. seats18. Language is not ______ throughout the country but falls into dialects. ( )A. constantB. uniformC. steadyD. steadfast19. At that time they did hope to create a new world they had dreamed of, ______ of all human sins. ( )A. cleanse(使清除)B. cleansedC. had cleansedD. cleansing20. She hopes to ______ her artistic talents in the job. ( )A. applyB. utilizeC. employD. availDirections B: There are 20 sentences in this section. In each sentence there is a word or phrase underlined. Below each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that can replace the underlined part of each sentence without changing its original meaning.21. With time going by, the rocks decompose and then become sand to continue to exist. ( )A. decayB. molderC. formD. disintegrate22. Mary is so careful about her weight that she doesn’t eat staple food at all. ( )A. sensibleB. sensationalC. senselessD. sensitive23. He is advised not to watch TV for more than 4 hours a day. Otherwise, it would be a strain on his eyes. ( )A. hurtB. tensionC. stressD. burden24. Do not be deceived by what he has said this time. ( )A. taken inB. taken overC. taken afterD. taken on25. They suggested that we should leave a separate room for smokers. ( )A. reserveB. conserveC. maintainD. preserve26. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. ( )A. qualifiedB. humorousC. infamousD. famous27. He expressed criticism on the new style of writing which is now quite popular on the Internet in his latest paper. ( )A. blameB. denunciationC. evaluationD. accusation28. Every time when she tried to move her body, she let out a moan in pain. ( )A. wail (哀号)B. whimper (呜咽)C. groanD. weep29. As we all know, thick forests are the natural habitat for birds, animals and insects, and we must forbid cutting trees without any limitation. ( )A. homeB. resortC. residenceD. refuge30. Even though the government denied it but what the spokesman said is a clear indication that the government will sooner or later collect this kind of tax. ( )A. symptomB. symbolC. demonstrationD. signal31. What can destine (命中注定) him to such a terrible lot, when his soul is dead and his body is alive? ( )A. foredoomB. foretellC. forecastD. foretaste32. Today’s low inflation and steady growth in household income translates into more purchasing power. ( )A. changesB. transfersC. transplantsD. transmits33. The journalist refused to reveal the source of her information. ( )A. reportB. discloseC. publishD. betray34. Comparison and contrast are often used intentionally in advertisements. ( )A. purposefullyB. pertinentlyC. incidentallyD. overwhelmingly35. These ancient buildings are part of our national legacy which, of course, should be protected. ( )A. privacyB. heritageC. legendD. property36. My father always hopes that I could mingle with his friends’ children but I prefer to stay alone. ( )A. rejectB. mergeC. complainD. combine37. With the fast development and expansion of cities, the outlying suburbs of which become prosperous, too. ( )A. exteriorB. externalC. outerD. outside38. I am sorry I have no time at present to probe into more detail or give you an account of the incident. ( )A. bring intoB. talk intoC. come intoD. go into39. This type of apparatus can produce more than 40,000 blood specimen a day. ( )A. examplesB. modelsC. operationsD. samples40. Smith did the only sensible thing by asking the Indians for food and shelter in their village. ( )A. sensitiveB. sentimentalC. wiseD. separatePart II Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Interpersonal communication is your interaction with others. Talking to a friend on campus, chatting to a(n) 41 friend on campus, chatting on the phone with a classmate about a(n) 42test, arguing the 43 of a movie with friends, discussing strategies for accomplishing tasks at work, 44 for ajob, and planning the future 45 a loved one are all forms of interpersonal communication.Effective interpersonal communication 46 our sensitivity to others and to the situation. One goal of effective interpersonal communication is to maintain relationships, and forming 47messages that accurately convey our ideas and feelings 48 not offending the other person is key 49 our success.Effective interpersonal communication 50 us. People who can clearly express their ideas, beliefs, and opinions become influential and 51 control over what happens to them and to others that they 52 . When we accurately and precisely 53 our thoughts, others gain a better54 for our position. Their understanding and appreciation make it more likely that they will respond in 55 that are consistent with our needs.Effective interpersonal communication helps us manage the 56 we create. Presenting ourselves in such a way that others will 57 and trust us is important in both public and private58 ——whether we’re communicating in a professional setting, 59 our interpersonal skills are vital to getting a job, holding a position, or rising in an organization, or in a private setting where we’re trying to 60 and maintain relationships.( )41. A. familiar B. informal C. intimate D. near( )42. A. upcoming B. final C. mid-term D. intermediate( )43. A. advances B. strength C. population D. fondness( )44. A. interviewing B. interfering C. interacting D. interpreting( )45. A. for B. with C. over D. to( )46. A. describes B. conveys C. portrays D. betrays( )47. A. sound B. directory C. diction D. verbal( )48. A. if B. when C. while D. as( )49. A. to B. of C. for D. in( )50. A. empowers B. reinforces C. supports D. sustains( )51. A. exhaust B. exert C. affect D. enact( )52. A. care about B. care for C. care with D. take to( )53. A. interpret B. explain C. encode D. decode( )54. A. assessment B. evaluation C. appreciation D. appraisal( )55. A. approaches B. methods C. ways D. ends( )56. A. impressions B. practices C. things D. experiences( )57. A. respect B. despise C. mock D. sneer( )58. A. settings B. locations C. situations D. circumstances( )59. A. when B. where C. how D. if( )60. A. work B. build C. keep D. retainPart III Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully and decide on the best answer.Passage OnePeople in the mass advertising business and other people who study American society have been very interested in the question: What does the American consumer like? Max Lerner, a well-known scholar who has studied American society, has said that American consumers are particularly fond of three things: comfort, cleanliness, and novelty.Lerner believes that the American love of comfort perhaps goes back to the frontier experience. The pioneers had a rough life on the frontier and very few comforts. This experience may have created a strong desire in the pioneers and their children for goods that would make life more comfortable. Today, the Americans’ love of comfort is seen in the way they furnish their homes, the way they design their cars, and the way they like to travel.Cleanliness is also highly valued by Americans. There is a strong emphasis on keeping all parts of the body clean. Perhaps the Puritan (清教徒) heritage has played some role in the desire for cleanliness. The Puritans, a strict Protestant church group who were among the first settlers of America, stressed the need to cleanse the body of dirt and of all evil tendencies. The saying “Cleanliness is next to Godliness” reflects the belief of most Americans that it is important to keep their bodies clean by taking a bath and wearing clean clothes every day. Indeed, many Americans are offended by anyone who does not follow their accepted standards of cleanliness.In addition to cleanliness and comfort, Americans love novelty. They love to have things that are new and convenient. Perhaps the love of novelty comes from their pride in their inventiveness. Americans have always been interested in inventing new products and improving old ones. They like to see changes in cars, clothing, and products for the home. New models of cars are particularly appealing. Advertisements encourage people to get rid of old cars and try new ones, whether the old ones still work or not. The American economy seems to be based on consumption, not conservation.61. The best title for the passage is ______. ( )A. What American Consumers LikeB. The Stupidity of the American ConsumersC. American Consumers and Puritan HeritageD. Frontier Experience and Puritan Heritage62. According to the author, the American consumers are fond of the following except ______.( )A. comfort and cleanlinessB. novelty and convenienceC. clean clothes and fine housesD. thrift and economy63. The American love of comfort can be shown in the way they ______. ( )A. love new models of carB. eat in fast-food restaurantsC. design their cars and furnish their homesD. wear clean clothes and take bath every day64. Americans’ love of cleanliness is believed to be associated with ______. ( )A. their living standardB. their lifestyleC. their Puritan traditionD. their advanced technology65. In general, Americans are interested in the following EXCEPT______. ( )A. inventing new productsB. improving old productsC. buying things that are popularD. buying things that are unknown beforePassage TwoThere are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be recalled at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. In contrast, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied.Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning, intermediate, advanced, and native speaking students.To begin with, the subjects listened to recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 17-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording. Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Finally, the subjects took a language proficiency test.Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning’s results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, and advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.66. The purpose of Henning’s experiment is to study ______. ( )A. how the students remember English vocabulary by short-term memoryB. how the students learn English vocabularyC. how to improve the students’ English vocabularyD. how to take a language proficiency test67. The word “subject”in the passage most probably means ______. ( )A. the college course the students takeB. the topic of the listening materialC. something being consideredD. the students experimented on68. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? ( )A. Information in short-term memory is different from that in long-term memory.B. Long-term memory can be achieved only by training.C. It is easier to test short-term memory than long-term memory.D. Henning gave a test on vocabulary to his students.69. From Henning’s results we can see that ______. ( )A. beginners have difficulty distinguishing the pronunciation of wordsB. advanced students remember words by their meaningC. it is difficult to remember words that sound alikeD. it is difficult to remember words that have the same meaning70. The passage is primarily about ______. ( )A. memoryB. two kinds of memoryC. short-term memoryD. an experiment on studentsPassage ThreeStudy confirms that moderate drinking reduces stroke (中风) risk. Similar to the way a drink or two a day protects against heart attacks, moderate alcohol consumption wards off strokes, a new study found.The study also found that the type of alcohol consumed—beer, wine or liquor—was unimportant. Any of them, or a combination was protective, researchers reported in today’s Journal of the American Medical Association. “No study has shown benefit in recommending alcohol to those who do not drink”, cautioned the authors, led by Dr. Ralph L. Sacco of Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. But the new data support the guidelines of the National Stroke Association, which say moderate drinkers may protect themselves from strokes by continuing to consume alcohol, the authors said.The protective effect of moderate drinking against heart attacks is well established, but the data had been conflicting about alcohol and strokes, the authors said. The new study helps settle the question and is the first to find blacks and Hispanics (西班牙人和葡萄牙人) benefit as well as whites, according to the authors. Further research is needed among other groups, such as Asian, who past study suggested may get no stroke protection from alcohol or may even be put at greater risk.Among the groups where the protective effect exists, its mechanism appears to differ from the protective effect against heart attacks, which occurs through boosts in levels of so-called “good”cholesterol (胆固醇), the authors said. They speculated alcohol might protect against stroke by acting on some other blood trait, such as the tendency of blood platelets (血小板) to clump (结块), which is key in forming the blood clots (血块) that can cause strokes.The researchers studied 677 New York residents who lived in the northern part of Manhattan and had strokes between July 1, 1993 and June, 1997. After taking into account differences in other factors that could affect stroke risk, such as high blood pressure, the researchers estimated that subjects who consumed up to two alcoholic drinks daily were only half as likely to have suffered clot-type strokes as nondrinkers. Clot-type strokes account for 80%of all strokes, a leading cause of the US deaths and disability. Stroke risk increased with heavier drinking. At seven drinks per day, risk was almost triple that of moderate drinkers.An expert spokesman for the American Heart Association, who was not involved in the study, said it was well-done and important information. But it shouldn’t be interpreted to mean, “I can have two drinks and therefore not worry about my high blood pressure or worry about my cholesterol,”said Dr. Edgar J. Kenton, an associate professor of clinical neurology (神经学) at Thomas Jefferson University Medical College in Philadelphia. Instead, he said, the study provides good reason to do further research and to add alcohol to the list of modifiable (可更改的) risk factors for stroke.71. According to Dr. Sacco, ______. ( )A. different wines work differently on drinkers at stroke riskB. nondrinkers should also consume a moderate amount of alcoholC. drinkers should keep to one kind of alcohol to ward off strokesD. moderate alcohol consumption protects against strokes72. The new study conducted by Dr. Sacco and his colleagues is unique in that ( )A. it refutes early studies on the protective effect of moderate drinking against heart attacksB. it confirms early studies of moderate drinking against heart attacksC. it helps to resolve the disputes over the effect of moderate drinking against strokesD. it finds that moderate drinking can benefit people of different races equally well73. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the effect of drinking against strokes? ( )A. Moderate drinking protects against heart attacks and strokes in different ways.B. Even heavy drinkers suffer less chance of a stroke than nondrinkers.C. Alcohol works only on patients who suffer clot-type strokes.D. White people are more likely to benefit from moderate drinking than nonwhites.74. From the fourth paragraph we learn that ______. ( )A. heart attacks are more likely caused y alcohol than stroke.B. moderate drinking discourages blood platelets from clotting.C. boosting the levels of good cholesterol can lead to heart attacks.D. moderate drinking protects people by making the blood cell clump.75. What is said in the last paragraph by Dr. Kenton indicates that ______. ( )A. he is in serious doubt about the validity of the study.B. drinking alone can not protect against strokes.C. people should add alcohol to their daily diet.D. the study has not built a link between drinking and high blood pressure.Passage FourCommunications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study tocompare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded - and can come back to haunt (困扰) you - appears to be the key to the finding.Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception (欺骗) makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触)of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.People are also more likely to lie in real time —in an instant message or phone call,say —than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.76. Hancock’s study focuses on ______. ( )A. the consequences of lying in various communications mediaB. the success of communications technologies in conveying ideasC. people’s preferences in selecting communications technologiesD. people’s honesty levels acro ss a range of communications media77. Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that ______. ( )A. people are less likely to lie in instant messagesB. people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactionsC. people are most likely to lie in email communicationD. people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations78. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication? ( )A. They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.英语巴士 - 专注于英语考试和英语学习的网络媒体与服务平台()浙江省2009年7月自学考试高级英语试题11B. They believe that honesty is the best policy.C. They tend to be relaxed when using those media.D. They are most practiced at those forms of communication.79. According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because______. ( )A. salesmen can talk directly to their customersB. salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerateC. salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthyD. salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively80. It can be inferred from the passage that ______. ( )A. honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsB. more employers will use emails to communicate with their employeesC. suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesD. email is now the dominant medium of communication within a companyPart IV Translation (15%)Directions A: Translate the following into Chinese.81. Before the campaign for election of the President can begin, each political party has to choose its candidate for the Presidency.82. It remains to be seen if the American automobile industry will ever again regain its former glory.Directions B: Translate the following into English83. 中国加入世界贸易组织,给农业发展带来的不仅仅是挑战,而且也是机遇。
2009年高考试题--英语听力原文及答案(湖北卷)
2009年考高试题—英语听力(湖北卷)1M: Shall we go for a walk, Julie?W: Is it warm outside?M: No, you need a coat.W: Well, I think I’ll stay at home, then.2.M: I’d like a coffee. What about you?W: Mm…me, too. And the kids will drink coke. But just ask for one bottle. They’ll never finish about it for each.M: Orange juice is much better for them. I know, but they always refuse to drink it.3.W: Have you heard there’s been a big fire in the old paper factory?M: Are you sure? There is nothing in the newspaper about it.W: I was there last night. Go and watch TV. There might be something about it.4.M: I can’t believe this traffic.W: Well, it’s rush hour.M: We’ll never make it on time unless the match is delayed.W: Yes, we will. Don’t worry about it.5.W: Alan, you’re back. How was your vacation?M: Just don’t ask. I wish I had never had it.W: What went wrong?M: What didn’t go wrong? That would be a better question.6-7M: Hi, Cathy. It’s Jason.W: Hi, Jason. I haven’t heard from you in a while.M: Well, I’ve been busy. I’ve started my own company.W: Well, what kind of business is it?M: Just a small on-line store. I’m hurrying staff and want you to come to work for me. W: Actually I just got started working at the old company again.M: Oh, I didn’t realize you were going back.. Well, can you recommend someone else?8-9M: Helen, I heard that you wanted to be a Gym teacher, didn’t you?W: Yes, I did think about it. But it was going to be too expensive.M: You mean the training?W: Yes, you need to pay for the use of all the equipment, you know.M: So you went to a nursing college.W: I did. And I have no regrets.M: Really? You enjoyed it?W: Oh, very much.M: Didn’t you feel sad that you couldn’t become a teacher?W: Well, in a way. But as time went on, I really began to like my job.10-12M: Hi, Susan. Are you interested in buying some used books for school? You can really save some money that way.W: Well, what do you have?M: Well, let’s see. I have a science book, called “Today’s World”. And I’m dollars.W: 30? That’s too expensive for a broken book like that.M: Maybe so, but I bought it for 60, and I wrote a lot of notes in the book. That should help you with the class if you could read my writing.W: What else are you selling?M: OK. I have an English writing textbook, for 14 dollars, a math book, for 23 and a novel, for only 7.W: HhhM: It’s up to you. You know, these things go fast.W: OK. I’ll take the writing book and the novel. I need both of those for sure.M: No more textbooks?W: Not now. Teachers are always changing their minds about textbooks.M: All right.13-16M: Hello, Darling. I’ve just heard I have to go to Italy for a couple of days. Ievening.W: Oh, David. Do you really have to go? You know the Johnsons are coming around to see us tonight.M: Yes, I know. But I can’t help it. They’ll have to come some other time.W: Then we won’t be able to go to the theatre tomorrow.M: No, I’m afraid we’ll have to change all our plans.W: All right, David. When exactly are you leaving, then?M: I ’m taking the 7:00 plane to Rome.W: Are you coming home before you go to the airport?M: I ’m afraid I can’t. I ’m still having a talk with my boss here.W: What about your suitcase? M: I ’m afraid you ’ll have to pack it for me.W: And who ’s fetching it for you?M: You ’ll bring it, Darling.W: Why me?M: Because you are coming with me. It ’s your birthday on Saturday. And this trip is my birthday present for you. I ’ll meet you at the airport, three quarters before the flight. Don forget anything and don’t be late. See you later, Darling.17-20Hi. I ’m Adam with the new s ’headlines. It ’s Thursday, 23rd of April. To start with, it’s t fourth day of our inquiry. And today we’ll talk about what makes you most afraid. We spoke to a thousand students from across the UK. And school violence came up top. On the otherhand, one in five of you feel unsafe on the streets. Other top stories. Parents of schools in Glasgow are re-acting against the plans to shut down 25 primary schools and nurseries. This afternoon, some parents moved into the schools. Others gather on the roofs of the buildings. The city government says closing the schools will save &300,000,000. A final decision is expected later.Litter pick ers in Manchester are taking the day off. It’s part of a plan to encourage pclean up after themselves and not to drop rubbish. The city government will still be collectinglitter that ’s been put in public dustbins, though. In sport. Last night, Liverpool beat Barcelona 3-1. It will play AC Milan in the European Cup final, which is to be held in Moscow on May 28th.1-20 ACBCA CABAB CABAC BBABC。