2014年职称英语考试试题：理工类完形填空练习1
2014年职称英语理工类考试教材完形填空文章及译文(5)
2014年职称英语理工类考试教材完形填空文章及译文（5）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语理工类教材中完形填空部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Singing Alarms Could Save the BlindIf you cannot see, you may not be able to1 find your way out of a burning building — and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that2____1____ directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.Sound Alert, a company____2____ the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for____3____ people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cumbria.____4____ produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the____5____ is coining from.Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be____6____ by humans. “It is a burst of white noise____7____ people say sounds like static on the radio，” she says. “Its life-saving potential is great.”She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of3 a large____8____ room. It____9____ them nearly four minutes to find the door____10____ a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.Withington studies how the brain____11____ sounds at the university. She says that the____12____ of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms____13____ the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up____14____ down stairs. They were____15____ with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.词汇：directional adj.定向的exit n.出口install v.安装residential adj.居住的static n.静电噪声potential n.潜力thermal-imaging热效应成像pinpoint v.精确地确定concept n.概念，观念emergency n.紧急情况grant n.授予物，准许注释：1.在谓语动词中，不能并列使用两个情态动词，如may和can就不能并列使用。
2014职称英语真题及答案(各类最全)
2014年职称英语考试真题(综合类C级)第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
1.The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow.A.partyB.celebrationC.unionD.conference2.He made a number of rude remarks about the food.mentsB.signsC.mannersD.noises3.The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by10%.A.returnB.realizeC.increaseD.doubleck of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.A.receivesB.preventsC.deservesD.accepts5.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet,A.extraB.fineC.winterD.outdoor6.The book raised a storm of controversy.A.damageB.voiceC.argumentD.doubt7.His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.A.jumpB.hopeC.silenceD.life8.I'm sure I'll able to amuse myself for a few hours.A.treatB.entertainC.holdD.keep9.Some comments are just inviting trouble.A.keeping out ofB.getting intoC.asking forD.suffering from10.My principal concern is to get the job done fast.A.seriousB.deepC.particularD.main11.Several windows had been smashed.A.cleanedB.brokenC.replacedD.fixed12.His knowledge of French is fair.A.quite goodB.very usefulC.very limitedD.rather special13.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A.discoverB.proveC.considerD.imagine14.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A.partsB.aspectsC.painsD.results15.Afterwards there was just a feeling of letdown.A.excitementB.disappointmentC.angerD.calm第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2014年职称英语理工类A级考试真题(含答案)
2014年职称英语考试试题理工类c级真题及答案（word版）第1部分词汇选项1.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.A fineB winterC outdoorD extra2.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.A excitementB angerC calmD disappointment3.The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow.A conferenceB partyC celebrationD union4.The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by 10%.A returnB realizeC increaseD double5.Some comments are just inviting trouble.A asking forB keeping out ofC getting intoD suffering from6.His knowledge of French is fair.A very usefulB very limitedC quite goodD rather special7.The book raised a storm of controversy.A damageB voiceC doubtD argument8.My principal concern is to get the job done fast.A seriousB mainC deepD particularck of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.A receivesB deservesC acceptsD prevents10.He made a number of rude remarks about the food.A commentsB signsC mannersD noises11.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present systm.A proveB discoverC considerD imagine12.His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.A hopeB jumpC silenceD life13.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A partsB aspectsC painsD results14.I'm sure I'll be able to amuse myself for a few hours.A entertainB treatC holdD keep15.Several windows had been smashed.A cleanedB brokenC replacedD fixed答案：DDACA CDBDA BBCAB第二部分阅读判断So Many "Earths"The Milky Way(银河) contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepter space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its date have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a stor's habitable zone. That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as liquid.The new estimate of how many plantes might fit these conditions comes from studying more that 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate(推算) to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough，the authors admit. If applied to the solar system，it would define as habitable a zone starting as close ot the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike(although either might have been in the distant pase). Using tighter limits the researchers estimate the between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number. It would mean however that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.16. The Kepler space telescpe has been in service for 15 yearsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17.The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earth's.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18.The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19.The Earth is a planet orbiting in the Sun's habitable zone.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20.The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars on the Milky Way.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21.The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22.This is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案：CABABAC第3部分概括大意与完成句子Pathways to Research：Problem-solving1 Pittsburgh's many hills aren't kind to bikers. Anyone hoping to pedal to work there has to contend with steep streets like Canton Avenue，which famouslyclimabs at a nearly 40-degree angle.As a result，some residents avoid biking altogether.2 But University of Pittsburgh graduate Micah Toll，23，and a few friends recently launched an invention that they hope will increase the city's pedal power. An electric bike called to Pulse PEVO. A super-strong battery powers the bicycle. Able to hit nearly 20 miles per hours without pedaling，it zips battery powers the bicycle. Able to hit nearly 20 miles per hour without pedating ，it zips up the city's most daunting(令人却步的)hills.Toll hopes it will persuade people in Pittsburgh and elsewhere to get out of their cars and onto bikes.3 If it sounds like Toll has a knack(窍门) for fixing problems，that's because he does. In high school，he designed a new type of construction beam. It weights no more than a feather pillow but can be used to build sturdy(坚固的)homes for refugees fleeing war or natural disaster.For his work，Toll was invited to attend the Inter International Science and Engineering Fair(Isef)—twice，in 2006 and 2007. The annual competition for young researchers is program of Society for Science&the Public(that's the parent organization of Science News for Kids).Toll says that when it comes to science，he keeps it simple：“You see a problem and say，“How couldI solve that?”4 He's not the only to take that approach. Many young researchers get their start by trying to solve a problem or fulfill a need in their own communities.When students dedicate themselves to finding a solution that many benefit theircommunity，“a passion is ignited(点燃)，”says Wendy Hawkins，executive director of the Inter Foundation，which sponsors Intel ISEF."Finding that passion and fostering it can be the key to many students future success."she says.23. Paragraph 124. Paragraph 225. Paragraph 326. Paragraph 4A Intel International Science and Engineering FairB The enthusiasm for solving problemsC The young researchers' passionD An invention increasing pedal powerE Why people avoid biking in PittsburghF The cause of national disaster27 A Pulse PEVO is powered with28 Toll hopes his Pulse PEVO will encourage people to29 A new construction beam invented by Toll weighs like30 Many young researchers are finding solutions to problems that mayA a nearly 40-degreeangleB get on bikesC a feather pillowD fix more problemsE a super-strong batteryF benefit their community答案：EDBC EBCF第4部分，阅读理解Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talkbecause of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, Interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .31. What is the main idea of this passage?A. How to understand intelligence.B. The importance of intelligence.C. The development of intelligence tests.D. How to become intelligent.32. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.33. Gardner believes that ________.A. children have different intelligences.B. all children are alike.C. children should take one intelligence test.D. there is no general intelligence.34. According to Gardner, schools should ________.A. test students’IQs.B. train students who do poorly on tests.C. focus on finding the most intelligent students.D. promote development of all intelligences.35. Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .A. musical foundation.B. biological foundation.C. intrapersonal foundation.D. linguistic foundation.答案：ABADBMusic is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expression是ever invented. In movies and plays，music has an added function：it not only moves people but also can shock people.Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels(分贝).Once sound exceeds this limit，even beautiful music will become ear-splitting noise and harm health.A strong blast(响声) of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet.High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat.In movies，sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people can't hear and only those who have the same ability can feel.In nature，there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics，the sound that exceeds 20000Hz is called ultrasonic(超音波的).Dolphins，whales and bats can make suchhigh-frequency sound.It does no harm to health.Sound less than 20Hz is called infrasonic(次声)waves. When we move，the air will vibrate. The vibration of air can produce infrasonic wave.As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people's internal organs，infrasonic wave may cause resonance(共振) in human bodies. As a result，people's vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture(断裂). However，whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity. If its intensity is very low，it won't damage internal organs or a person's health. If the intensity of inf让sonic wave exceeds 160 decibels，it is extremely harmful. When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea，it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons canproduce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present，scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power.36 What could be the best title of the passage?A The power of musicB The harms of noisesC The magic of soundD The discovery of infrasonic waves37 What does the author say about music?A It may be harmful to people's halthB It always cheers people upC It is very often difficult to understandD It sounds better when it is lound enough38 It is true that the soundA of nature is the most beautifulB over 80 decibels is harmful to peopleC of high intensity benefits animalsD in movies is pleasing to the ear39 An ultrasonic soundA is very loudB does harm to people's healthC cannot be heard by peopleD is produced by the hero in movies40 It can be found from the last paragraph that infrasonic wavesA are harmless to people's healthB exist in people's internal organsC can be used as deadly weaponsD can improve eyesight答案：CABCCCompact DisksIf someone says to you your music CDs don't really hold any music on them, and they only have numbers recorded on them, you may not believe it. In fact, he isright in that sound is actually recorded onto the CDs as special numbers —a digital code.1 The code is pressed onto the CD as bumps on a long spiral track almost five kilometers long. These bumps are an average of 0.5 microns wide.A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns. The light is reflected back to a receiver that records how the laser light bounces back. This lets the CD player2 turn the reflected light back into the original code. This means you can hear the original code as music.Digital codes are used with many technologies. E-mail needs these kinds of code numbers. Space probes communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes. Bar codes are read as digital codes in computer systems. Digital communications with cell phones need digital codes. Weather radios also tune into specific signals using these codes.There are many types of compact disks. One format is called CD-RWs. They can be recorded on and re-recorded on(rewritten on)as you would do with a floppy disk3. Another format is the CD-ROM. The technology for recording on these disks is different from other CDs. These CDs have a dye layer that the CD writer can darken or leave clear. The clear and dark spots are the digital code. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc —Read Only Memory4. This disk is like a "super" floppy disk that can hold lots of information. One CD-ROM can hold the same amount of data as 500 floppy disks. Information is permanently recorded onto it. Computer games and other programs are considered to be CD-ROMs.CDs were first sold to the public in 1982 These CDs still play well and sound fine. Current CDs are expected to last between 70 to 200 years. Of course, you can make sure your CDs last a long time by taking care of them.Science keeps on developing. It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented5 and introduced to the public for music recording. In the meantime, there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs6 and playing your favorite computer games onCD-ROMs.41 Music is recorded onto CDs asA laser beamsB digital codesC musical notesD special sounds42 E-mail is mentioned in the third paragraph to showA the variety of digital communicationsB the development of new technologiesC the usefulness of digital codesD the relationship between communication and technology43 One of the differences between CD-RWs and CD-ROMs isA CD-ROMs can be used for longer timeB CD-ROMs cannot be rewritten onC CD-RWs hold more informationD CD-RWs are merely used for music recording44 CDs can last a long time ifA they are seldom usedB they play well and sound fineC their users take good care of themD they are developed with new technology45 It can be inferred from the passage thatA CD-ROMs are more expensive than other CDsB new technology for music recording is being developedC the author likes listening to musicD flppy disks are no longer in use答案：BCBCC第5部分，补全短文Do You Have a Sense of Humor?Humor and laughter are good for us. There is increasing evidence that they can heal us physically，mentally，emotionally，and spiritually. In fact，every system of the body responds to laughter in some positive，healing way. So how can we get more laughter into our lives?(46)Psychologist and author，Steve Wlison，has some answers.Many peoplebelieve that we are born with a sense of humor.They think，“either you've got it，or you don't”Dr.Wilson points out that this false.(47) The parts of brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth(48)(After all ，when a baby laughs，we don't rush over and say，“That kid has a great sense of humor!”)A sense of humor is something that you can develop over a lifetime.Sometimes people think that they don't have a good sense of humor because they are not good joke tellers.Dr.Wilson reminds us that telling jokes is only one of many ways to express humor.(49)Then we will make others laugh，too.A person who has a true sense of humor is willing and able to see the funny side of everyday life.One of the best definition of a sense of humor is“the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation.”Consider this sign from a sore window.“Any faulty merchandise will be cheerfully replanced with merchandise of equal quality.”The store manager probably placed the sign in the window to impress customers with the store's excellent service.(50)As Dr.Wilson says，“a good sense of humor means that you don't have to be funny;you just have to see what's funny.”A He advises us to lose our inhibitions(抑制)and try to laugh at ourselves.B Is it possible to develop a sense of humor?C However，that does not mean that infants have a sense of humor.D What is true，however，it that we are born with the capacity to laugh and smileE Everyone experiences this emotionF He had a serious purpose，but if you have a sense of humor，you will probably find the sign funny!答案：BDCAF第6部分：完形填空(第51~65题，每题1分，共15分)Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle1 events —flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring —all around the world. But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest —birds, trees, flowers budding, etc. —and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat2, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology4Network. “Phenology”is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program, called Project Bud Burst, collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from acrossthe United States. People participating in the project —which is open to everyone —record their observations on the Project Bud Burst website.“People don't have to be plant experts —they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,”says Jennifer Schwartz, an education consultant with the project. “As we collect this data, we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”51 A everywhere B anywhere C somewhere D nowher52 A If B Although C When D Because53 A giving B showing C developing D observing54 A special B professional C skillful D ordinary55 A on B at C to D with56 A small B limited C smple D large57 A Very B Much C AsD Many58 A All B Any C Some D Most59 A send B print C answer D keep60 A known B featured C belonged D called61 A alike B like C unlike D likely62 A points B wonders C data D interests63 A common B suitable C open D strange64 A want B forget C mind D have65 A who B how C before D since ADDDC BDAAD ACCDB。
2014年职称英语理工A试题参考和答案
2014年职称英语《理工A》真题参考第1部分词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。
1. This was disaster on cosmic scale.A. modestB. commercialC. hugeD. national2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.A. amazingB. depressingC. predictableD. dull3.A person’s wealthis often in inverse proportion to their happiness.A. equalB. certainrgeD. opposite4. His professional career spanned 16 years.A. startedB. changedC. lastedD. moved5. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.A. easedB. improvedC.relievedD. appeared6. The group does not advocate the use of violence.A. limitB. supportC.regulateD. oppose7. She felt that she had done her good deedfor the day.A. actB. homeworkC. justiceD. model8. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.A. motionlessB. silentC. seatedD. true9. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less importantsubject.A. pointB. resultC.findingD. tendency10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.A. sincereB. respectfulC. emptyD. terrible11. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A. copyB. publishC.summarizeD. furnish12. That uniform makes the guards look absurd.A. seriousB. beautifulC. impressiveD. ridiculous13. The department deferred the decision for six months.A. put offB. arrived atC. abided byD. protested against14. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated .A. inventedB. reproducedC. designedD. reported15. The country was torn apart by strife.A. conflictB. povertyC. warD. economy第2部分阅读判断下面的短文列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提到的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的信息是错误的，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2014年职称英语真题及答案理工类C级(完形填空)
Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle1events—flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring—all around the world.But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest—birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.—and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat2,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where theylive.All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year calledthe National Phenology4Network.“Phenology”is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year.The program,called Project Bud Burst, collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project —which is open to everyone—record their observations on the Project Bud Burst website.“People don't have to be plant experts—they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,”says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project.“As we collect this data,we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”51A everywhere B anywhere C somewhere D nowher 52A If B Although C When D Because53A giving B showing C developing D observing54A special B professional C skillful D ordinary 55A on B at C to D with56A small B limited C smple D large57A Very B Much C As D Many58A All B Any C Some D Most59A send B print C answer D keep60A known B featured C belonged D called61A alike B like C unlike D likely62A points B wonders C data D interests 63A common B suitable C open D strange 64A want B forget C mind D have65A who B how C before D since。
2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案
2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The 2014 Big Test for Smart Grown-UpsHi there! My name is Lily and I'm 8 years old. Today I want to tell you all about the 2014 Big Test for Smart Grown-Ups that my mom took. It's a super important test for people who want to get a fancy job title called a "Professional Title" in science and engineering stuff. Pretty cool, huh?My mom studies really hard because she's super smart and wants to get an "A" grade on the test. She lets me look at her practice books sometimes, and boy is that test tricky! There are reading passages about science topics like energy and inventions that are full of big fancy words. Then there are questions asking what the passages mean and if the details are correct. I tried reading them but a lot of it went over my head!The writing section seems hard too. My mom practiced writing different kinds of letters, reports, and essays using proper language and organization. One time she wrote about scientific research methods like experiments and data analysis. Anothertime it was about green energy solutions. It all looked very professional and grown-up to me!But you know what I did understand? The listening section! The test has recordings of conversations and talks that you have to listen to and answer questions about. My mom played some practice recordings for me and I was pretty good at figuring out what they were saying and the details they mentioned. I guess having kid-sized ears gives me an advantage there!My favorite part was looking at the practice speaking questions. The test has a part where you have to give spoken responses about different topics, like describing a process or speculating about situations. My mom would practice by pretending I was the test scorer. I'd ask her funny questions like "How do rockets work?" or "What would you invent to make chores easier?" Then mom would give these big serious answers using all the right vocabulary and explanations. We'd both end up cracking up!When test day came, my mom put on her nicest suit and headed out first thing in the morning. She said the reading section wasn't too bad, but some of the passages really made her brain hurt. The writing tasks were okay since she practiced a lot, but she ran out of time at the end. For listening, she said therecordings were pretty clear and she felt confident about most of her answers. And for the speaking, mom said she tried to project her voice and organize her thoughts like they taught in prep class. Phew, what a brain workout!A few weeks later, the results finally came out. My mom jumped for joy when she saw she got an "A" grade! She called everyone to celebrate her "Professional Title" accomplishment. I was SO proud of her for acing that big grown-up test.To reward mom, we went out for a special dinner of...chicken nuggets! Hey, even brilliant minds need kid food sometimes. We'll leave the fancy molecular gastronomy to the chefs with professional titles. For now, give me some ketchup with those nuggets!So that's the inside scoop on the 2014 Big Test for Smart Grown-Ups, or as they call it, the Professional Title English Test for Science and Engineering Level A. It sounded incredibly hard, but with lots of practice and determination, my super mom knocked it out of the park! Maybe I'll be taking it myself one day when I'm all grown up. But for now, let me be kid and leave the tough tests to the adults. Thanks for reading!篇2The 2014 Science and Engineering English TestHello everyone! My name is Timmy and I'm going to tell you all about the big English test I had to take this year. It was super hard, but I tried my best!The test started off with a reading comprehension section. We had to read some passages and then answer questions about them. The first passage was about how airplanes fly. It explained about lift and drag and all the awesome physics stuff that keeps planes in the air. Then we had to answer 10 questions like:What forces act on an airplane during flight?Lift and dragWhat provides the lift force?The wings pushing air downwardsWhy is drag a problem for airplanes?It slows them down and makes them use more fuelThe next reading passage was about renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. It talked about the benefits of using clean energies that don't pollute the environment. The questions were stuff like:Name three renewable energy sources.Solar, wind, hydroelectricWhat is an advantage of renewable energy over fossil fuels?It doesn't produce greenhouse gas emissionsAfter the reading, we had to do a listening section where we heard lectures and conversations and answered questions. One was a professor explaining the principles of electric circuits. He used diagrams and everything! The questions asked things like:What is the unit of electric current?AmperesIf two resistors are in parallel, what happens to the total resistance?It decreasesMan, that electricity stuff is complicated! The next listening was a dialogue between two students talking about their engineering internships. They were discussing things like:What type of engineering was the internship for?Mechanical engineeringWhat tasks did the intern have to do?Create CAD models, attend project meetingsThen came the writing section, which was brutal! We had to write a letter to a company applying for an internship position. We had to describe our qualifications, skills, interests and experience. We also had to explain why we were a good fit for the job. Whew, my hand got so tired from all that writing!The last part was speaking, where we had to answer questions from the test graders. They asked me all kinds of things about science, math, technology and my interests. Like:Describe the scientific method.Make an observation, form a hypothesis, test it with an experiment, analyze the dataWhat are you interested in studying in university?Probably computer science or electrical engineeringWhat are some important skills for an engineer?Problem solving, teamwork, communicationOverall, it was a really tough test, but I felt pretty good about how I did. I had studied a ton and tried to prepare as best I could. Hopefully I did well enough to get a high score!Well, that was my experience with the big English test. It covered so many different areas of science and engineering. Reading, listening, writing, speaking - we had to do it all! I'm just glad it's over now and I can relax. Let me know if you have any other questions!篇3The Super Awesome Science Exam!Hi there! My name is Timmy and I'm in 5th grade. Today I had to take a really hard test called the "Professional Title English Exam for Science and Engineering!" It was sooooo long and had lots of big words that I didn't understand. But I'll do my best to tell you about it!The first section was all about reading. There was this really long passage about black holes and how they form in space when a huge star runs out of fuel and collapses in on itself. Its gravity gets so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it! Crazy stuff. The questions asked things like what the main idea was, what certain words meant, and whether some statements were true or false according to the passage. I had to read it like three times before I kind of got what it was talking about.Then there were more reading passages, but on different science topics like chemical reactions, electromagnetic waves, and the formation of mountains and valleys. So many big words! I'm just a kid, how am I supposed to know all this stuff? The questions were pretty similar though - finding the main ideas, defining vocabulary, and identifying true or false statements.After the reading section, there were some listening comprehension questions. They played audio clips of scientists talking about their research and we had to answer multiple choice questions about the main points they made. One was about using algae to produce biofuels as an alternative to gasoline. Another was about building super tall skyscrapers that can withstand really strong winds. I had a hard time focusing and tuned out a few times during the recordings. Listening while bubbling in answers is tough!The writing section was up next. We had to read a short paragraph about nanotechnology and its potential impacts, and then write a essay stating our own thoughts on the pros and cons of such a powerful technology. I wrote about how nanotechnology could be used to make awesome tiny robots that could go inside people's bodies and fix them from the inside! But I also said it might be dangerous if nanorobots could getprogrammed to hurt people in scary ways. I tried using lots of scientific vocabulary like "innovative" and "revolutionize."Finally, there was a small section on translating sentences back and forth between English and Chinese. This part wasn't too bad since I'm pretty good at both languages. Some of the sentences were about scientific concepts though, so I had to think really hard to make sure I was translating them correctly.Phew! I'm exhausted just thinking about how tough that test was. I really hope I did ok on it, but a lot of it was way over my head to be honest. I'll have to study a lot harder if I want to become a scientist or engineer when I grow up! Let me know if you have any other questions about the exam. Thanks for reading, gotta go play some video games to relax now!篇4My Day at the Science FairHello friends! My name is Timmy and I'm going to tell you all about the super fun Science Fair I went to last weekend. It was the biggest event I've ever been to full of crazy experiments and cool inventions. I learned so many new things!First up, I saw this table with all kinds of liquids in bottles and test tubes. The bottles had fun colors like red, blue, and green. The scientists there were mixing different liquids together and writing stuff down on their clipboards. One time they mixed two clear liquids and it turned bright purple! That was awesome. They said it was a "chemical reaction." I don't know exactly what that means but it looked really neat.Next I went over to the room with all the robots. There were so many! Big ones, little ones, some that could walk and some that just rolled around. My favorite was this little guy that could pick things up with his robot arm. The scientist working on him would give him commands and he would listen just like a real person! They called him an "android." I tried to pet him but the scientist said I shouldn't touch him. Darn!Then I wandered into the physics section. There were ramps and tracks set up all over the place with balls and cars rolling down them. The scientists there were doing "experiments" to learn about motion and gravity and stuff. One experiment had this big metal sphere swinging back and forth on a rope. When it reached the bottom, it would almost hit this wooden block but stop just before crashing into it! That one made me jump everytime. The scientist called it a "pendulum" but I just thought it was crazy.Another cool area had all sorts of circuits and batteries hooked up. By flipping switches and connecting wires, you could light up little bulbs or make fans spin around. I spent a long time there just playing with all the knobs and dials. I tried to take one of the batteries home to power my Game Boy but the scientist stopped me. No fun!The best part was the outdoor area with rockets and plants and animals. One group had planted all these vegetables in different kinds of soil. They were seeing which dirt made the plants grow biggest and strongest. Another group had built these tiny rockets out of plastic bottles and shot them straight up in the air using just air pressure! It was so loud when they launched but awesome to watch them zoom upwards.Around the plants, there were also terrariums with little frogs and lizards hopping around inside. I got to hold one of the frogs - he was so small and slimy! Then I saw this enormous snake behind some glass. When I got close, he rose up and started hissing at me. Totally freaked me out! The scientist there said he was a "python" and could squeeze me to death. No thanks, I'll pass on that!Phew, we did so much at this Science Fair. I hadn't even realized but by the end of the day, I had learned all about chemistry, robotics, physics, engineering, biology, and more! Science is super cool when you get to experience it up close like that. Now I want to grow up to be a scientist too so I can blow things up and play with animals all day. Well, maybe not the snakes...ok, I'm getting tired of writing now. Bye friends!篇5The Big English Test for Smart Grown-UpsDid you know that some grown-ups have to take big tests too? It's true! Just like when you have spelling tests or math quizzes at school, grown-ups who work as scientists, engineers, and other really smart jobs have to take tests to show how good they are at English.One of these tests is called the Professional Title English Test for Science and Engineering. It's a very long name, but you can just call it the "Big English Test" for short. In 2014, a lot of grown-ups had to take this Big English Test. It was super hard, with all kinds of confusing questions about reading, writing, and listening to English.For the reading part, the grown-ups had to read some really long and boring articles. They were all about science and technology stuff that would probably make your head spin! Things like "integrated circuit design" and "thermal radiation models" – whatever those are! The grown-ups had to read through all that complicated nonsense and answer questions about what it meant. Yikes!The writing section was no walk in the park either. The grown-ups had to write a huge essay about some expert topic, using all the right words and grammar. Can you imagine having to write a essay that's pages and pages long, all about something like "the environmental impact of lithium-ion battery production"? No thanks! That sounds like a total snoozefest.But the worst part might have been the listening section. The grown-ups had to listen to some people giving long, boring lectures about scientific concepts and junk. While they listened, they had to take notes and answer questions about what was said. If you ask me, that sounds like torture! Having to sit still and pay attention to some droning lecturer going on and on about "electromagnetic wave propagation" or whatever? I'd rather listen to nails on a chalkboard!Despite how insanely difficult this Big English Test was, I bet there were some grown-ups who actually enjoyed the challenge. Maybe they're just weird like that. But for most normal people, it probably felt like getting a gigantic brain freeze from thinking too hard!When it was all over, I'm sure the grown-ups were completely exhausted. They likely went home, flopped down on the couch, and took a well-deserved nap. Either that, or they went straight for the ice cream to numb the pain in their heads from dealing with all that crazy science English mumbo-jumbo!In the end, some of the grown-ups passed the Big English Test, while others... well, let's just say they might need to study a little harder next time. The ones who passed got extra credits and fancy titles to put on their office doors or whatever. The ones who failed probably had to go take the test again the following year. How awful!So the next time your parents or teachers get all worked up about you having to take a spelling quiz or some other test at school, just remind them: at least you don't have to take the Professional Title English Test for Science and Engineering! Now that's a real nightmare. I'll take a simple multiplication test any day over that linguistic torture chamber!Just be glad you're a kid, and you don't have to worry about all that complicated grown-up nonsense. Not yet, anyway. For now, you can just kick back, relax, and be happy that the biggest test you have to take is probably the Scholastic Book Fair's "Who Can Read The Most Books This Summer?" contest. Now that's a competition I can get behind!篇6My Big English Test for Science and MathHi! My name is Timmy and I'm in 5th grade. A few weeks ago, I had to take a really big English test all about science and math stuff. It was for grown-ups who want to get a special title at their jobs, but I got to take it too since I'm super smart. Let me tell you all about it!The test was super long with lots of different sections. The first part had us read some passages and answer questions about them. Here's one of the reading passages:Climate Change and Global WarmingThe Earth's climate has gone through many natural changes over millions of years due to factors like variations in the Earth's orbit and volcanic activity releasing greenhouse gases. However,most scientists agree that the current period of climate change and global warming is being significantly accelerated by human activities that release additional greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.One of the main greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide (CO2). Since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, humans have been burning fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas for energy, releasing large amounts of CO2 into the air. Deforestation has also reduced the number of trees that can absorb CO2. The increased levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases trap more of the sun's heat in the Earth's atmosphere, causing global temperatures to rise.Some of the major impacts of global warming include rising sea levels, shrinking glaciers, changes in weather patterns, loss of biodiversity, and more extreme weather events like hurricanes, droughts and heat waves. Though climate change is a complex issue, most experts recommend reducing fossil fuel use and increasing energy efficiency to lower greenhouse gas emissions.After reading this, we had to answer some comprehension questions like:According to the passage, what are two main causes of climate change?A) Burning fossil fuels and deforestationB) Volcanic eruptions and cow fartsC) The Earth's orbit and sun spotsD) Acid rain and the ozone holeThe right answer is A - burning fossil fuels and deforestation are listed as two major human-caused sources of greenhouse gas emissions driving climate change.What is one impact of global warming mentioned in the passage?A) The common cold will be curedB) Rising sea levelsC) Cats and dogs living togetherD) Sprinklers will no longer be neededHere the correct answer is B - rising sea levels is listed as one of the impacts of global warming.Then there was a section testing our vocabulary, like deciding if given words had a positive, negative, or neutral meaning. That part was pretty easy for a genius like me.The hardest section was the writing part where we had to write a few different passages using scientific and technical terms. One question asked us to describe the process of aluminum smelting using words like oxides, electrolysis, molten, anodes, and cathodes. Here's what I wrote:The primary method of producing aluminum metal is through the smelting process. First, a dry aluminum oxide powder called alumina is dissolved in a molten salt bath kept at extremely high temperatures around 950°C. An powerful electric current is then passed through the molten solution, which causes electrolysis to occur.At the carbon anodes, oxygen is released from the alumina's oxide ions and vents away as gas. Meanwhile the free aluminum ions deposit at the cathodes, forming molten aluminum metal that collects at the bottom and can be siphoned off and cast into various shapes.I definitely got an A+ on that one! The graders probably thought they accidentally let a scientist into the exam room.There was also a big math section testing everything from algebra and geometry to statistics and calculus. One of the questions gave us some measurements and asked us to calculatethe volume of an object using the formula for the volume of a cylinder: V = πr^2hThe measurements were:Radius (r) = 12 cmHeight (h) = 28 cmSo we plug those values into the formula:V = π(12 cm)^2 (28 cm)= π(144 cm^2)(28 cm)= 12,672π cm^3Then we put that into our calculator and get the volume is about 39,788 cubic cm! The graders were probably very impressed with my math skills.Overall, it was a pretty tough test, but I'm pretty sure I aced it.I can't wait to get the results back so I can add "Professional Science Communicator" to my resume, right next to my certifications as a Jumpoline Tester and Key Lime Pie Eating Champion. Take that, all you grown-ups! This 5th grader is coming for your jobs!。
2014职称英语理工A完形填空
第十一篇（B转A，2012年B级真题）Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities（气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险）A new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and urban development．She warns that many of the world’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases．Thesegases are known to affect the atmosphere．”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents."Cities are major sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao’s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term benefits．The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat heavily paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causingwidespread health problems．Poorer neighborhoods thatmay lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing without access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.Local governments,therefore,should take measures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric rather than meaningful responses,Romero Lankao writes, ” They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce automobile use. In fact, many localgovernmentsare takinga hands—offapproach.” Thus, she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities..第十二篇（B转A）Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk （快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险）Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London suggest in a new study．Statins reduce the amount of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack risk .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin isenough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fast food meal increases it.”“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they like, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per customer——not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take measures that lower their risk, 1ike wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．第十三篇（2013年A级真题）Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light （更有效的太阳能系统：更多热量，更强灯光）Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but is n’t a very efficient way to gather heat.That’s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it’s also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are KunalGirotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada.Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately, thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.“That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light—prettymuch the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains, which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of themarket.However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to ma ke it work. In fact, Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they boosted the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.第十四篇（2009考过）Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters（鲨鱼有益于地球水系）It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to attack people frequently. But these fish perform a valuable service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing are threatening their existence. Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from Earth.Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas.because of their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas,where people also swim. In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person for a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the times when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals.These powerful senses help sharks fred their food. Sharks eat fish, any other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense, and immune systems against disease. Researchers know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.Sharks are important for the world's oceans.They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too great. This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage （“液化”是日本地震破坏的关键）The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction" that has surprised researchers with its widespread severity, a new analysis shows."We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said ScottAshford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to function. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their strength and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or collapse .But most earthquakes are much shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this."With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable."The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, before damage was removed in the recovery efforts."There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar events," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns."Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction ---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those deposited within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything near a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to prevent collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse ——even as they tilted and sank into the ground.。
2014职称英语理工B完形填空答案详解
Underground Coal Fires a Looming CatastropheCoal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned, these large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can even ignite forest first, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association For the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned.“Coal fires are a global catastrophe,” said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA, But surprisingly few people know about them.Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not cause to disappear and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. Such fires in China consume up to 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison, the U.S. economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually, said Stracher,whose analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology. Once underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large volumes of greenhouse gases poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.The members of the panel discussed the impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, cand agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to detect. One of the members of the panel, Assistant Professor Paul Van Dijk of the International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to detect and monitor fires in the northern regions of the country.Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to estimate how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested method of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices), which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply.。
2014年职称英语考试 理工类 完形填空
The 1egend of Cook’s arrow began in 1824(8)whenHawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams，a London surgeon and relative of Cook’s wife，saying it was made of Cook’s bone after the fatal(9)fightwith islanders.
2014年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类试题及答案
2014职称英语《理工B》真题及答案(代码22)第一部分：词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
1. The majority of people around here are decent.A. realB. honestC. normalD. wealthy答案：D2. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.A. hiddenB. traditionalC. inflexibleD. official答案：C3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A. furnishB. copyC. publishD. summarize答案：A4. Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.A. excitementB. disappointmentC. angerD. calm答案：B5. Several windows had been smashed.A. cleanedB. replacedC. fixedD. broken答案：D6. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A. painsB. partsC. aspectsD. results7. London quickly became a flourishing port.A. majorB. largeC. successfulD. commercial答案：C8. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A. homeworkB. justiceC. modelD. act答案：D9. He led a very moral life.A. humanB. intelligentC. naturalD. honourable答案：D10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.A. sincereB. respectfulC. emptyD. terrible答案：C11. It was a majic night until the spell was broken.A. timeB. charmC. spaceD. opportunity答案：B12. His professional career spanned 16 years.A. startedB. changedC. movedD. lasted答案：D13. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A. discoverB. proveC. considerD. imagine14. His knowledge of French is fair.A. very usefulB. very limitedC. quite goodD. rather special答案：B15. The group does not advocate the use of violence.A. limitB. regulateC. opposeD. support答案：D第二部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2014年职称英语考试 理工类A级 完形填空 必考题 字典版 直接打印 正反打印
★“Liquefaction”Key to Much ofJapanese Earthquake Damage The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction"2that has surprised researchers with its widespread severity,a new analysis shows."We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before,but the distance and extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe,"said Scott Ashford,a professor of geotechnical engineering4at Oregon State University5."Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,"Ashford said."The shifts in soil destroyed water,drain and gas pipelines6,crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to function.We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."Some degree of soil liquefaction7is common in almost any major earthquake.It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water,particularly recent sediments or sand,can lose much of their strength and flow during an earthquake.This can allow structures to shift or sink or collapse.But most earthquakes are much shorter than the recent event in Japan,Ashford said.The length of the Japanese earthquake,as much as five minutes,may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8."With such a long-lasting earthquake,we saw how structures that might have been okay after30seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,"he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments,and especially areas built on recently filled ground,are much more vulnerable."The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake,researchers said,should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, unless damage was removed in the recovery efforts9."There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened insank into the ground. Japan10that11will help us to reducerisks in other similar events,"Ashford said."Future construction insome places may make more use oftechniques known to reduceliquefaction,such as bettercompaction to make soils dense,oruse of reinforcing stone columns."Ashford pointed out thatnorthern California have youngersoils vulnerable to liquefaction---onthe coast,near river deposits or inareas with filled ground.The "young"sediments,in geologicterms,may be those depositedwithin the past10,000years or more.In Oregon,for instance,thatdescribes much of downtownPortland,the Portland InternationalAirport and other cities.Anything near a river and oldflood plains is a suspect12,and theOregon Department ofTransportation has alreadyconcluded that1,100bridges in thestate are at risk from an earthquake.Fewer than15percent of them havebeen reinforced to preventcollapse.Japan has sufferedtremendous losses in the March11earthquake,but Japaneseconstruction standards helpedprevent many buildings fromcollapse---even as they tilted and。
2014年职称英语真题及答案理工类B级(完形填空)
第6部分：完型填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Underground Coal Fires——a Looming CatastropheCoal burning deep underground in China,India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life,scientists have warned,these large-scale undergroundblazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation,produce greenhouse gases and can even ignite forest first,a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association For the Advancement of Science in Denver.The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils,they warned.“Coal fires are a global catastrophe,”said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA,But surprisingly few people know about them.Coal can heat up on its own,and eventually catch fire and burn,if there is a continuous oxygen supply.The heat produced is not cause to disappear and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen,can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning.This can occur underground,in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported.Such fires in China consume up to200million tones of coal per year,delegates were told.In comparison,the U.S.economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually,said Stracher,whose analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology.Onceunderway,coal fires can burn for decades,even centuries.In the process,they release large volumes of greenhouse gases poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.The members of the panel discussed the impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change,cand agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to protect.Ultimately,the remote sensing and other techniques shouldallow scientists toestimate how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting.One suggested method of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi,of the engineering firm Goodson,which has developed a heat-resistant grout(a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices),which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply.51.A house B underground C sky D water52.A only B even C just D then53.A release B paste C consumption D elimination54.A happily B traditionally C surprisingly D fashionably55.A exchange B regenerate C disappear D transfer56.A Most B Such C Some D Many57.A comparison B case C time D turn58.A which B who C whose D what59.A Yet B Unless C Although D Once60.A data B volumes C figures D images61.A attack B impact C identification D implication62.A develop B relieve C detect D supply63.A estimate B experiment C gather D illustrate64.A cause B method C treatment D rule65.A take up B back up C run out D cut off。
2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案
2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: 2014 Professional English Level A Exam for Science and Engineering Majors: Questions and AnswersIntroduction:The Professional English Level A exam is an essential assessment for science and engineering professionals to demonstrate their English language proficiency. In 2014, the exam consisted of a variety of challenging questions designed to test the candidates' comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar skills. In this document, we will present a selection of questions from the 2014 exam along with the correct answers.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionQuestion 1: Read the following passage and answer the questions below.The passage discusses the importance of renewable energy sources in combating climate change. It highlights the benefitsof solar and wind power in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels.Question 2: Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?a) Renewable energy sources are not effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.b) Solar and wind power are examples of renewable energy sources.c) Fossil fuels are the best option for addressing climate change.d) Greenhouse gas emissions have no impact on the environment.Correct answer: b) Solar and wind power are examples of renewable energy sources.Section 2: VocabularyQuestion 1: Choose the synonym for the word "efficient."a) wastefulb) effectivec) unreliabled) lazyCorrect answer: b) effectiveQuestion 2: What is the opposite of the word "expand"?a) decreaseb) growc) developd) extendCorrect answer: a) decreaseSection 3: GrammarQuestion 1: Identify the error(s) in the following sentence:"The team are working together to complete the project on time."Correct answer: The error is in subject-verb agreement. The correct sentence should be: "The team is working together to complete the project on time."Question 2: Choose the correct tense for the following sentence:She ________(study) abroad last year.a) have studiedb) studiedc) studiesd) will studyCorrect answer: b) studiedConclusion:The 2014 Professional English Level A exam for science and engineering majors featured a range of challenging questions that tested candidates' reading comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar skills. By practicing with sample questions like the ones provided in this document, candidates can improve their English language proficiency and increase their chances of success on the exam. Good luck!篇22014职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:The United States fund market represents more than one quarter of the world total fund assets. The US interested in new varieties of shares or government bonds that enable investors to share in profits or in investments. Different investment methods have different risks and profits. Those who invest in shares may get a high profit, but on the other hand the risks are also very high. This means that some investors can lose great amounts if the shares go down in value.In the United States the government also supports investors by giving tax credits. The payments on fund interest up to a certain amount are not taxed. It's necessary to use a securities broker to buy and sell shares. The broker works for a security company or a bank. Some people buy shares directly from the company that sells them. This is called a private purchase.1. What idea does passage 1 mainly convey?A. The United States fund market is the world's biggest.B. The purchasing and selling of shares are guaranteed by the US government.C. The United States fund market has high profits and shares assure not taxed profits.D. Shares and bonds are not the only categories in fund investments.2. The US government supports investors by giving tax credits in the form ofA. shares.B. funds.C. profits.D. interests.3. People who buy shares directly from the company are makingA. a private purchase.B. an interested decision.C. an essential risk.D. a financial achievement.4. What is the main disadvantage of investing in shares in the United States?A. The need to invest huge amounts.B. The risks may prevent high profits.C. The share interests are already taxed.D. The securities brokers charge high prices.5. According to the passage, returns on investing in shares includeA. higher profits.B. tax deductions.C. broker discounts.D. government securities.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.6. Her main interests are in personal computers and ______.A. softwareB. instead ofC. largeD. stations7. The institute advertised in the newspaper for a _______.A. working womanB. workmanC. clerk for workD. woman worker8. He arrived at the airport ______ then the plane left.A. untilB. everC. hardD. hardly9. I joined a club to share my _______ with other people.A. interestB. viewC. experiencingD. scene10. The professor is buried in his _______.A. language breakdownB. code wordsC. law booksD. elementary coursePart III Cloze (20%)Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Mankind knew that the earth was round. The fact that the world is round has been _______11_________ since the time of ancient Greece. China was _____12_____ of the last countries to realize this fact. A Chinese navigator _______13______ his crew sailed to the Western Regions in the ______14______ and discovered the world was indeed round and not _____15_____ as had been previously thought.During the European Renaissance, rediscovery of this fact was made by a European ______16______. He advanced his hypothesis ______17______ examining the rising and setting of thesun. His sharp observation was based on scientific study, on historical records and _____18_____ that the world was a sphere. He ______19______ arranged a voyage around the world. He traveled _____20______ the sea from Western Europe, passed through the Strait of Magellan, and finally arrived in the Pacific Ocean. This journey _____21______ the fact that the world is round. In this way an old belief was corrected and a misconception cleared up.Who was this world renowned navigator? You've guessed correctly, it was none other than ChristopherColumbus____22____ put this viewpoint into practice.11. A. consideredB. thoughtC. knownD. decided12. A. singleB. oneC. firstD. only13. A. allB. combineC. along withD. or14. A. seaB. skyC. windD. ocean15. A. flatB. aroundC. straightD. lane16. A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that17. A. byB. throughC. forD. with18. A. a true discoveryB. by convictionC. factD. informed19. A. eagerlyB. hurriedlyC. sharplyD. thinked20. A. onB. overC. acrossD. through21. A. clarifiedB. understoodC. spelledD. proved22. A. whoB. thereforeC. butD. wasPart IV Translation (10%)Directions: Translate the following passage into English.百度成立于2000年，是全球最大的中文搜索引擎。
2014年职称英语理工类考试教材完形填空文章及译文(1)
2014年职称英语理工类考试教材完形填空文章及译文（1）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语理工类教材中完形填空部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Captain Cook Arrow LegendIt was a great legend while it lasted，but DNA testing has __1__ ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook__2__ died in the Sandwich Islands’in 1779.“There is __3__ Cook in the Australian Museum，”museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook’S bone.Bu t that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its__4__，“Uncovered：Treasures of the Australian Museum,” which__5__include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani’opu’u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain’s great explorers and is credited with__6__ the“Great South Land，”__7__ Australia, in 1 770.He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands，now HawaiiThe 1egend of Cook’s arrow began in 1 824 __8__ Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams，a London surgeon and relative of Cook’s wife，saying it was made of Cook’s bone after the fatal__9 __ with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued __10__ it came with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone but was more __11__ made of animal bone。
2014年理工类职称英语A级考试全真模拟题一(6)
2014年理工类职称英语A级考试全真模拟题一（6）2014年职称英语考试时间为2014年3月29日，考生们在备考的过程中切记要结合模拟题来练习，使自己的复习更加有效。
第6部分：完形填空阅读下面的短文，文中有l5处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
根据材料，回答问题。
The Greatest Mystery Of WhalesThe whale is a warm-blooded, air-breathing animal, giving birth to its young alive,sucking them -- and, like all mammals, originated on land. There are many front flippers(鳍状肢), used for steering and stability, are traces of feet,(51)__________of this. Its Immensestrength is (52)__________ into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whale'sbody is one gigantic muscle. The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated (53)__________400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed (拖) a whaling vessel for sevenhours at the (54) __________ of eight knot (节).An angry whale will (55) __________ A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,(56)__________ was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently,steel ships have (57)__________their plates buckled (使弯曲) in the same way. Sperm whales (抹香鲸) were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.The greatest (58)__________ of whales is their diving ability. The sperm whale dives to theBottom for his (59)__________ food, the octopus (章鱼). In that search he is known to go as farDown as 3,200 feet, where the. (60)__________ is 1,400 pounds, to a square inch. Doing so hewill (61)__________ underwater long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this storing upenough (62) __________ (all whales are air-breathed) and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have not (63) __________. It is believed that some of the oxygen isstored in a special (64) of blood vessels, rather than just held in the lungs. And it isbelieved that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that _(65)__________adjusts the internal pressure of his body. But since you can't bring alive whale intothe laboratory for study, no one knows just how these things work.51、请在第__(51)__处填上正确答案。
2014职称英语理工A完形填空(整理版)
第六篇Car Thieves Could Be Stopped RemotelySpeeding off1 in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch2. But he is in a nasty surprise3. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine of , he will not be able to start it again.For now, such devices are only available for fleets of trucks4 and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars5, and should be available to ordinary cars in the UK in two months.The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car incorporates6 a miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS7 satellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.There are even plans for immobilizers that shut down vehicles on the moves8, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.In the UK, an array of9 technical fixes10 is already making life harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicles crime has changed.” says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire11 that is funded in part by the motor insurance industry.He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools12. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are a far tougher proposition13, as their engine management computer will not allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out14 by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime15 since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken by using the owner’s keys, which doubles the previous year’s figure. Remote-controlled immobilization system would put a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the customer expects.第九篇Wonder WebsSpider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps. And the world’s best web spinner may be the Golden Orb Weaver spider. The female Orb Weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet tough enough to snare a flying bird without breaking.The secret of the web’s strength? A type of super-resilient silk called dragline. When the female spid er is ready to weave the web’s spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly. Dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along it to spin the web’s trademark spiral.Unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a Golden Orb Weaver reuses her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years1. The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than Kevlar, a high-strength human-made material used in bullet-proof vests. And thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original length and snap back as well as new. No human-made fiber even comes close.It is no wonder manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk. In the consumer pipeline: high-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run2. Think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables. A steady supply of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars — but how to produce it？Harvesting silk on spider farms does not work because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighhors. Now, scientists at the biotechnology company Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after Golden Orb dragline.The first step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders. Next, implant the genes into goat egg cells. The nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their milk.“The young goats pass on the silk-making gene without any help from us,” says Nexia president Jeffry Turner. Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers as fast as the real thing snags bugs.第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared CitiesA new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate changeand urban development．She warns that many of the world’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases．These gases are known to affect the atmosphere．”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents."Cities are major sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao’sfindings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term benefits ．The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat heavily paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems．Poorer neighborhoods that may lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing without access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.Local governments, therefore should take measures to protect theirresidents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric rather than meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, ” They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce automobile use. In fact, many local governments are taking a handsoff approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial CollegeLondon suggest in a newstudy．Statins reduce the amount of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack risk. In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statinis enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 ofthe unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fast food meal increases it.”“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they like , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per customer一not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take measures that lower their risk, 1ike wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．第十四篇Sharks Perform a Service for Earth’s WatersIt is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to attack people frequently. But these fish perform a valuable service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing3 are threatening their existence Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from EarthWarm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas since their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas, where people also swim. In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person for a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the times when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.A shark has an extremely good sense of smell4. It can find small amounts of substancesin water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish, any other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark’s body defense, and immune systems against disease. Researchers know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.Sharks are important for the world’s oceans. They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too great. This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake DamageThe massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction"2 that has surprised researchers with its widespread severity, a new analysis shows."We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to function . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet." Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their strength and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or collapse.But most earthquakes are much shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such asthis8."With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable."The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, before damage was removed in the recovery efforts9."There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar events," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns."Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction ---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those deposited within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything near a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to prevent collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse ---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.。
2014年职称英语理工A真题(WORD版)
2021年职称英语理工A真题答案(word版) 第1局部词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线局部确定一个意义最为接近的选项。
1. This was disaster on cosmic scale.A. modestB. commercialC. hugeD. national2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.A. amazingB. depressingC. predictableD. dull3.A person’s wealthis often in inverse proportion to their happiness.A. equalB. certainrgeD. opposite4. His professional career spanned 16 years.A. startedB. changedC. lastedD. moved5. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.A. easedB. improvedC.relievedD. appeared6. The group does not advocate the use of violence.A. limitB. supportC.regulateD. oppose7. She felt that she had done her good deedfor the day.A. actB. homeworkC. justiceD. model8. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.A. motionlessB. silentC. seatedD. true9. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less importantsubject.A. pointB. resultC.findingD. tendency10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.A. sincereB. respectfulC. emptyD. terrible11. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A. copyB. publishC.summarizeD. furnish12. That uniform makes the guards look absurd.A. seriousB. beautifulC. impressiveD. ridiculous13. The department deferred the decision for six months.A. put offB. arrived atC. abided byD. protested against14. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated .A. inventedB. reproducedC. designedD. reported15. The country was torn apart by strife.A. conflictB. povertyC. warD. economy第2局部阅读判断下面的短文列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提到的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的信息是错误的，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
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2014年职称英语考试试题：理工类完形填空练习（1）Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different types of 1 yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2 currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3 , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4 one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5 .Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6 from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7 those businesses often rely on cash.Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.What we call “paper” money usually isn't made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8 .Different countries may use different 9 to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10 such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.The three 11 with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12 of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13 have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14 the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15 after touching it; after all5, you never know where your money 's been. Or what's living on it练习：1. A coins B money C cheques D loans2. A different B clean C hard D foreign3. A anniversary B year C decade D century4. A along B with C within D outside5. A countries B areas C regions D provinces6. A delivered B borrowed C gathered D designed7. A because B though C when D where8. A plastic B rubber C cotton D paper9. A languages B colors C substances D materials10. A family B team C advisor D boss11. A expenses B banks C statements D currencies12. A nearly B mostly C likely D merely13. A dirt B water C germs D oil14. A compare B connect C conduct D command15. A arms B hands C face D clothes答案与题解：1.B 冒号后面说的是各国使用钱币的名称:“yuan in China ，pesos in Mexico，pounds in the United Kingdom ，dollars in the United States，Aus往'alia and New Zealand” ，所以填人的词必定与这些钱币有关，而且应该是钱币的总括词。
因此选 money 最为恰当。
coins 是“硬币”，cheques 是“支票” ，loans是“贷款”，它们都不会是答案。
2.A 本题的句子说的是:虽然各国使用的纸币各不相同，它们有一个共同点，那就是纸币上有病菌。
四个选项中 different 是答案。
3.D 选century 最合理。
选 anniversary (周年)，year (年)或decade都不合逻辑。
4.C 本段第二句提供了解答本题的线索。
Frank Vriesekoop 的研究与以前的科学家的研究不同，他比较了各国钱币上的病菌数量，在他之前的科学家的研究范围局限于一个国家的纸币。
四个选项中只有 within 表达“在(一个国家)里”的意思。
5. A 经过第四题选词的思索过程，本题的形容词很自然会在 different 之后用 countries，指不同的国家。
6. C 上一句说 Vriesekoop 比较不同国家纸币携带病菌的数量。
本题的句子明确指出他对比的纸币涉及十个国家。
四个选项中只有 gathered (收集)与上下文的意思相匹配。
7. A 填词所在的句子与前面的主句存在因果关系。
为什么要从食品店和食品摊收集纸币呢?因为这些地方常要用现金支付。
本题答案是 because。
8. C fabric 是“织物”，其制作原料不会是 plastic(塑料)或 rubber( 橡胶)。
选 paper 也不对，因为本句是说明纸币的制作原料通常不是纸。
制作 fabric 的原料是 cotton( 棉花)，这是合乎常理的。
而且该段倒数第二句也提供了答案。
所以答案是 cotton。
9.D 本段说纸币的材料一般不是纸，通常是用棉花织物或高分子聚合物制作的。
所以选择materials( 材料、原料)是正确的。
10. B 本题应当选 team。
与 family (家庭成员)，advisor (顾问)或 boss (老板)合作研究不是没有可能，但总有些离谱。
与团队合作研究比较合理。
11. D 本段第二句提供了线索，它列出三种纸币，即 the Australian dollar ，the New Zealand dollar 和 some Mexican pesos。
选 currencies 是最合理的。
另外三个选项都不合适; expenses是“支出”，banks 是“银行” ，statements 是“账单”。
12. B 本题只有选 mostly，上下文意思才连贯。
13. C 前一句说用高分子聚合物制作的钱币含菌数量较少。
本题的句子接着分析说，在高分子聚合物上存活较难。
谁存活较难?当然是病菌。
本题答案是germs0 dirt, water 和oil 是非生物，不存在生存的问题。
14.A 四个选项填入句子后，句子成了：“…compare/connect/conduct/command the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills”, 很明显;connect (连接)/conduct (实施)/command(控制)amounts of time是无法成立的。