第九讲 名词性从句

第九讲名词性从句一、名词性从句的分类及其连接词1、名词性从句是复合句的一种，在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。

名词性从句主要包括：1）________从句：what he said is true.2）________从句：This is what he said.3）________从句：I don’t understand what he said.4）________从句：We had no idea what he said.2、引导名词性从句的连接词有：what、which、that、who、whom、when、where、whether、if、why、because、how、whatever、whichever、whoever、whomever、whenever、wherever、however等二、各类名词性从句的基本用法1、主语从句：从句在整个复合句中充当主语eg. When the president will arrive is kept a secret.That she won the first place, delighted the whole family. (that 不能省略)注意：当谓语部分只有一两个词时，为了避免“头重脚轻”，经常使用形式主语it代替主语从句，而将主语从句放在后面。

eg. It is useful that we take part in after-school activities.It is a great pity that you haven’t read this novel before.2、表语从句：从句在整个复合句中充当表语eg. That is where we differ.That is why they left ahead of time.That is because he had lost his ticket.The problem is how we can raise so much money.3、宾语从句：从句在整个复合句中充当宾语eg. He said he had found a job.It depends on whether he can arrive on time.I’m afraid I can’t help you.4、同位语从句：从句在整个复合句中充当同位语在抽象名词fact、news、hope、thought、problem、possibility、suggestion、idea、desire等之后，通常用that引导同位语从句，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连接词that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何充分，不能省略。

eg. The news that our football team won the match made all of us excited.I have no idea why he came here.Word came that we would have to sit for an important exam next week.三、各类引导词的区别1、what与that的区别what在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，一般在从句中不缺少主语、表语或宾语时使用eg. What is needed is time.What we needed is time.I don’t know that he was seriously ill.That he has been better spreads over the country.另外，有时句子不缺成分时要用连接副词，使句子意思更加完整。

eg. The problem is how/whether/when/where we can get more money.2、whether和if的区别1）在______从句、_______从句、_______从句中，只能用whethereg. The question is whether he will be present at the meeting.Whether you can come will make a difference.I have no idea whether he will come to help us.2）在whether…or not与whether to do结构中均不能用if代替whethereg. Whether the singer can come or not is unknown yet.I have not decided whether to go or not.3）介词后接的宾语从句中用whether不用if （在动词后接的宾语从句中两者均可）eg. It depends on whether you can afford the time.I wonder whether/if you would like to join us in the outing this weekend.I’m not sure whether/if he will succeed.3、who与whoever的区别who在名词性从句中表示“谁”whoever（谓语用单数）= anyone who（谓语用单数）/ those who（谓语用复数）eg. I don’t know who he is.Give the dictionary to whoever needs it most.4、whoever与no matter who 的区别whoever可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。

no matter who 只可引导让步状语从句。

eg. Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.Whoever you are, you must obey the rule.No matter who you are, you must obey the rule.5、从句中应用陈述句语序eg. Can you tell me where the nearest post office is？How can I get there?→Who can tell me _________________________________________________________?When will he come back?→Do you know ____________________________________________________________?6、当主句和从句的主语相同时，可以使用“连接词+ to do”结构eg. I wondered what to do next（what I should do next）.We are not sure when we will set out.→We are not sure _________________.Practice:1.Calling us calmly together, he made an urgent announcement _______ we must save onlyessential supplies before the ship sank….2.The car stopped just behind me, the door opened and a man got out, who said anxiously,“Have you any idea ______ we can get petrol at this time of night? We’ve just ran out of it completely.”3.However, ______ bothered them most was that many people stared at them….4.The peasant learned ______ many others never understood：“Every obstacle presents anopportunity to improve one’s condition.”5.I have been thinking. I know how valuable this stone is, but I give it back to you in the hope_____ you can give something much more precious.6.______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. Please keep it in mind.7.In the first place, it often happens _____ we have trouble finding appropriate words andphrases to give expression to our mind.8.This museum is not _____ it was ten years ago. It takes on a new look now.9.She dresses well, but the trouble is _____ the clothes she is wearing don’t go with each othervery well.10.The suggestion ______ students should learn some practical knowledge is worth considering.11.______ knowledge comes from practice is known to all.12.It has not been decided yet ______ the meeting will start at the hall or not.13.Elwyn Brooks White, known as E.B.White, has warmed many hearts with his classicchildren’s tales…His parents loved kids—that’s probably ______ his passion for writing children’s books came from..14.The question is ______ the film is worth seeing.15.The reason for his success is ______ he worked hard.16.Perseverance is a kind of quality—that’s _______ it takes to do anything well.17.The chance ______ he will attend the meeting is very little.18.—Do you know the real cause of his absence.—It was _____ he overslept in the morning.19.He promised he ________(attend) the meeting the next morning.20.The moment she saw us, she told us the good news that she ______ (pass) the exam and wasgoing to celebrate it in the evening.。