初中英语动词不定式 公开课
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(to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带)
动词不定式的用法
• 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副
词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、 宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和 状语。
作主语
To obey the laws is everyone’s duty. To drive in the mountains is very difficult.
How to save the child is the most important to us.(作主语）
I don’t know what to do.（作宾语） The problem is when to start.（作表语）
时态与语态
不定式 一般式 进行式 完成式
完成进行式
主动语态 被动语态
不定式(短语)作主语时,往往由”it”代替它做形式主语。
It is everyone’s duty to obey the laws. It is very difficult to drive in the mountains.
作宾语
• 后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,
ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。 （说明他下楼时的情景）
作定语
1．不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰词之后。 I have a lot of homework to do. I’m hungry. Please give me something to eat. 2. 动词不定式与所修饰的词处于动宾关系时，如果不定
动词不定式
定义 构成 用法
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种， 它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态 和语态的变化，在句子中不能独立 作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点， 即可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式 的构成：
肯定： to + V.原 或者 (to)+ V.原 否定：not/never + (to) + V.原
• 如：
We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。 The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。
作表语
• My job is to teach the students. • His idea is to save their lives at once.
动词不定式
观察这些句子
• 1) He likes to read novels. • 2) I saw him come. • 3) We decided not to buy that house. • 4) It is interesting to fly a kite. • 5) Please let him not go there.
四看 look at, see,
hours a day by the boss.
watch, notice
• 感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前
者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。
I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。 （说明他下楼了这件事）
2.The next thing to be done is to get our classroom painted.
3.The novel is believedChinese.
4.He is said to have been praised.
• What I ask him to do is to have his hair cut.
• What you can do is to close your mouth.
作宾语补足语
• 1．后面能接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,
order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
• 老师要我们做练习一。 • The teacher told us to do Exercise 1.
• 我要你们俩去。 • I want both of you to go.
• 我们帮助她修理自行车。 • We helped her (to) repair her bike.
作宾语补足语
• 2．使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice,
式是不及物动词，它后面应加上必要的介词，如：
The nurse has five children to look after. Give me a piece of paper to write on.
作状语:（表示行为的目的、原因、结果等）
Let’s stop to have a rest. (表目的）
to do
to be done
to be doing ----------
to have been to have done done
to have been
doing
----------
不定式的语态
1.It is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting.
I’m very happy to see you. (表原因）
He is too young to go to school. (表结果）
动词不定式和疑问词连用
与疑问代词who, what, which或疑问副词 when, where, how, why构成不定式短语，
在句中可作主语，表语，宾语等。
hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。
Let’s have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。 I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。
一感
feel
二听 hear, listen to
若要变成被动语态，to要加上： 三让 make, let, have
They are made to work for 16
动词不定式的用法
• 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副
词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、 宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和 状语。
作主语
To obey the laws is everyone’s duty. To drive in the mountains is very difficult.
How to save the child is the most important to us.(作主语）
I don’t know what to do.（作宾语） The problem is when to start.（作表语）
时态与语态
不定式 一般式 进行式 完成式
完成进行式
主动语态 被动语态
不定式(短语)作主语时,往往由”it”代替它做形式主语。
It is everyone’s duty to obey the laws. It is very difficult to drive in the mountains.
作宾语
• 后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,
ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。 （说明他下楼时的情景）
作定语
1．不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰词之后。 I have a lot of homework to do. I’m hungry. Please give me something to eat. 2. 动词不定式与所修饰的词处于动宾关系时，如果不定
动词不定式
定义 构成 用法
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种， 它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态 和语态的变化，在句子中不能独立 作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点， 即可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式 的构成：
肯定： to + V.原 或者 (to)+ V.原 否定：not/never + (to) + V.原
• 如：
We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。 The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。
作表语
• My job is to teach the students. • His idea is to save their lives at once.
动词不定式
观察这些句子
• 1) He likes to read novels. • 2) I saw him come. • 3) We decided not to buy that house. • 4) It is interesting to fly a kite. • 5) Please let him not go there.
四看 look at, see,
hours a day by the boss.
watch, notice
• 感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前
者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。
I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。 （说明他下楼了这件事）
2.The next thing to be done is to get our classroom painted.
3.The novel is believedChinese.
4.He is said to have been praised.
• What I ask him to do is to have his hair cut.
• What you can do is to close your mouth.
作宾语补足语
• 1．后面能接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,
order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
• 老师要我们做练习一。 • The teacher told us to do Exercise 1.
• 我要你们俩去。 • I want both of you to go.
• 我们帮助她修理自行车。 • We helped her (to) repair her bike.
作宾语补足语
• 2．使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice,
式是不及物动词，它后面应加上必要的介词，如：
The nurse has five children to look after. Give me a piece of paper to write on.
作状语:（表示行为的目的、原因、结果等）
Let’s stop to have a rest. (表目的）
to do
to be done
to be doing ----------
to have been to have done done
to have been
doing
----------
不定式的语态
1.It is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting.
I’m very happy to see you. (表原因）
He is too young to go to school. (表结果）
动词不定式和疑问词连用
与疑问代词who, what, which或疑问副词 when, where, how, why构成不定式短语，
在句中可作主语，表语，宾语等。
hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。
Let’s have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。 I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。
一感
feel
二听 hear, listen to
若要变成被动语态，to要加上： 三让 make, let, have
They are made to work for 16