译林高二上 译林选修六Unit3重点词汇讲解和练习(含答案)

重点词汇讲解

本单元重点词汇讲解：

1. … and hens are thought to ensure good luck for the marriage. (p34)

ensure (ensured, ensured, ensuring)

①保证；担保 [+that][+v-ing]: To make sure or certain; insure

ensure success [safety, supplies] 保证成功[安全，供应]

1) I can't ensure his being on time. 我不能保证他的准时。

2) I can't ensure that he will be there on time. 我不能担保他会及时到那儿。

3) This medicine will ensure you a good night's sleep. 这药将保证你一晚睡眠良好。

②使安全，保护 [(+from/against)]

These are safety devices to ensure workers against accidents.

这些安全设施是为了保护工人不出事故。

2. … And everyone congratulated t he new couple because it was considered very lucky. (p34)

①祝贺；恭喜 [(+on/upon)]

1) I congratulate you on your great discovery.

我祝贺你的伟大发现。

2) I want to congratulate you with all my heart.

我衷心地祝贺你。

② (后接oneself)自我庆幸 [(+on)]

He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash.

他庆幸自己在空难中幸免于死。

3. Another difference is that while we serve food, soft drinks,tea and coffee,alcohol is not permitted at the wedding reception—in fact, alcohol is altogether prohibited in Brunei. (p34)

permit (permitted, permitted, permitting)

⑴及物动词vt.

①允许，许可，准许[O1][+v.-ing] [O2]

1) They permitted her to leave. 他们允许她离开。

2) I don't think they would permit this. 我想他们不会准许这事。

② (不用被动式,常用物做主语)允许，容许

These stores do not permit sales of alcoholic beverages. 这些商店不准出售含酒精饮料。

⑵不及物动词vi. 允许，容许[(+of)]

1) I will write another novel if my eyes permit. 如果我的视力许可,我还要再写一本小说。

2) We'll discuss both questions if time permits.

如果时间允许,我们将把两个问题都讨论一下。

[拓展] allow与permit的用法区别

(1) 两者均可表示“允许”，其区别是

permit 通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许，其语气较重；而 allow 通常指消极地不加反对，有时含有听任或默许之意，语气较轻。如：

　1) Nothing is permitted; everything is allowed.

一切都没明文规定可以做，但一切做了也无妨。

　2) The nurse allowed him to remain there，though it was not permitted.

护士让他留在那儿，而按规定那是不许可的。

(2) 从用法上看，两者后接动词作宾语时，均要用动名词形式，而不能用不定式。如：

　1) We don’t allow [permit] swimming in the pool.

我们不许在池子里游泳。

但是若其后接有名词或代词，那么其后须接不定式。如：

2) We don’t allow [permit] children to swim in the pool.

我们不许孩子们在池子里游泳。

prohibit vt. (prohibited,prohibited,prohibiting) prohibit sb. from doing sth.

① (以法令，规定等)禁止[(+from)]

Smoking is prohibited in the office building.

办公楼内禁止抽烟。

②妨碍，阻止；使不可能[(+from)][+v-ing]

The high cost of the machine prohibits its widespread

[拓展] prohibit，ban，forbid的用法区别

ban n/.vt .“禁止，禁令”(=formal prohibition)，指合法地或由于社会压力而禁止，含谴责或

不赞成的态度，通常搭配形式：ban ... from sth./doing sth.。

forbid vt.“禁止，不许”，普通用语，比prohibit通俗，用于较小事物，或个人、上级、

官方、长辈做出的禁止命令、规定，或客观条件不允许，通常搭配形式:forbid sb.

to do sth.。

prohibit vt.“禁止,不准”(=forbid by authority)，指通过法律、法令、警告等作出禁止命令的规定或规则，通常搭配形式：prohibit sb. from sth/doing sth.。

4. In Brunei that can cause offence, so we use our thu mb to point.

offence n.犯罪，冒犯，违反，罪过，过错n. [军] 攻击习惯用语

an offence against 违反 commit an offence against 违反；破坏

5. It’s quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.

adjust vt.

①调节；改变……以适应[(+to)]

She must learn to adjust herself to English life.

她必须学会适应英国的生活。

②校正；校准；调整

I must adjust my watch, it's fast.

我的表快了，我得把它校准。