新型流体输送机械综述

新型流体输送机械综述

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一前言

在化工生产过程中，流体输送是最常见的，甚至是不可缺少的单元操作。流体输送机械就是向流体作功以提高流体机械能的装置，因此流体输送机械后即可获得能量，以用于克服流体输送沿程中的机械能损失，提高位能以及提高液体压强(或减压等)。

作为化工机械的重要组成，流体输送机械得到了很大重视，得以迅速发展。本文就近十年来新型流量计的发展做出了归纳总结。

二摘要

流体输送机械（fluid transportation machinery）主要有两类：

输送液体的机械和输送气体的机械。

液体输送机械种类：通称为泵。泵根据泵的工作原理划分为:

①叶片式泵，包括离心泵、轴流泵和旋涡泵等，由这类泵产生的压头随输送流量而变化;

②容积式泵。包括往复泵、齿轮泵和螺杆泵等，这类泵的输送流量与出口压力几乎无关;

③流体作用泵。包括以高速射流为动力的喷射泵，以高压气体(通常为压缩空气)为动力的酸蛋(因最初用来输送酸的容器，且呈蛋形而得名)和空气升液器。

气体输送机械

常根据进出口气体的压力差，即出口压力的表压(通常以101325Pa为基准)或压缩比(出口气体的绝对压力与进口气体的绝对压力之比)来分类，分为通风机、鼓风机、压缩机和真空泵。

流体输送机械在这几个种类上分别有所发展，后续将详细介绍。

Abstract：In the process of chemical production, often need to be fluid material from one device to another transport equipment; transport from one location to another. When the fluid from low energy transfer orientation must be used for conveying machinery, materials added external moving along the path to overcome resistance and provide the necessary the transportation process of energy. For the mechanical device for conveying fluid material to provide energy called transport machinery, divided into liquid conveying machinery and gas conveying machinery. Now people pay more and more attention to environmental protection, increasingly stringent environmental regulations, environmental awareness has been continuously strengthened. The mechanical design personnel in the design of a variety of environmental protection machinery and energy saving has become an important factor to now consider. Fluid delivery requirements gradually increase, many occasions need fluid conveying machine capable of bearing high strength and corrosion

resistance, there are a lot of pipeline transportation in complex situations, These occasions traditional fluid conveying machinery become limitation is very big. Improved fluid conveying machinery arises at the historic moment in this paper, we mainly introduce the fluid conveying machinery classification and characteristics of using high-tech science and technology innovation and new materials, and several new type of fluid conveying machinery principle, characteristics, advantages and the thing of needing to improve.

三关键词

新型流体输送机械泵离心泵

Key words: Fluid conveying machinery pump

四正文

4.1泵的发展：

4.1.1叶片式泵的发展：

4.1.1.1离心泵的发展：

离心泵的基本构造是由叶轮、泵体、泵盖、挡圈、泵轴、轴承、密封环、填料函和轴向力平衡装置组成。离心泵的种类有很多，从结构来分，有单级单吸悬臂式、单级双吸式以及多级式离心泵等；从输送的介质来分，有离心油泵、离心水泵、耐腐蚀泵等；从输送介质的温度来分，又有低温离心泵和高温离心泵等。

多级离心泵油封的技术改造：提高多级离心泵油封的使用寿命，避免多级离心泵油封烧坏，对延长设备运转周期、降低维修成本有重要的作用。把原装的折流盘改为骨架油封，效果显著，大大减少了检修工作量同时稳定了生产。油膜的刚度恰好使油膜与空气接触端形成一个新面，防止了工作介质的泄漏，从而实现旋转轴的密封。它的特点：结构比较简单，容易制造，一般有三部分组成：油密封体、加强骨架和自紧螺旋弹簧; 密封体按照不同部位又分为底部、腰骨架油封构造图部、刃口和密封唇等。密封性能好，使用寿命较长；拆卸容易，检修方便；重量轻，耗材少，价格便宜。

底座改进设计及研究：传统的泵底座一直沿用刚度较大的整体铸件加工而成。

缺点：需投入较大成本; 铸造过程用时较长; 铸造底座用材较多，同时铸