八种时态复习二

初中英语八种时态归纳复习二五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

1) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。

例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell2)表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。

此时经常用延续性动词。

时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for 加一段时间，或by 加一个现在时间。

例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A) are to challenge B) may be challenged C) have been challenged D) are challenging全句的意思是：―虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。

‖challenge是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态；其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。

可见答案是C) have been challenged。

A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态，不可能是答案。

B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态，但意思与全句内容不合，所以不对。

3) 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。

通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。

例：John has broken his left leg.（约翰摔断了左腿。

）注意：have been to 是已经去过了的意思比如：I've been to China 我去过中国了have gone to 是已经去了，但是人还在那里没回来Dad have gone to China on business 爸爸已经去中国出差了have been in 是已经呆过一段时间，现在还在是一种持续的I have been in shanghai for ten years since I was a little girl动词过去分词变化规则：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.基本结构：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +d one.一般疑问句：have或has提前，位于句首六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即―过去的过去‖。

1）与by+过去时间引导的时间状语连用。

By the end of May, they had produced more than 5000 bikes.2) 由when, before, after, until等引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在过去不同的时间发生，那么先发生的动作要用过去完成时，另一动作则用过去时。

如：When I got there, they had already left.3)在宾语从句中，如果主句用过去时，从句中的谓语动作发生在主句的谓语动词之前，则从句要用过去完成时。

如：My mother asked me if I had had my lunch..时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.基本结构：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑问句：had放于句首。

七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

1）will/shall+动词原形shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。

will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。

will not=won't shall not=shan't例如：Which paragraph shall I read first？我先读哪一段呢？2）be going to +不定式，表示将来。

a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。

例如：What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 计划，安排要发生的事。

例如：The play is going to be produced next month。

c. 有迹象要发生的事。

例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3）be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4）be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。

例如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

Notice:be to和be going tobe to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。

例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。

（客观安排）I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。

（主观安排）时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow, etc.基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do；②will/shall + do.否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。

八、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

1) 同一般将来时，把系动词be变为过去式，把w ill，shall变为过去式。

例句：I didn't know if he would come. =I didn't know if he was going to come.She told us that she would not go with us，if it rained.2).过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。

此时，不管什么人称，一律用would。

This door wouldn't open. . 这扇门老是打不开。

Whenever he had time，he would do some reading. 他一有时间，总是看书。

I would play with him when I was a child. 我还是孩童时，总是和他一起玩。

如:时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.基本结构：①was/were/going to + do；②would/should + do.否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should提到句首。

巩固练习现在完成时一、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD.will know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. alreadyB.neverC.everD.still3、Have you met Mr Li ______？A. justB. agoC.beforeD. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .A. is writingB.was writingC.wroteD.has written5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Y es . I hope it will be even ______ .A.has changed ; wellB.changed ; goodC.has changed ; betterD.changed ; better6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .A. was ; studyingB. will ; studyC. has ; studiedD. are ; studying7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. knowB. had knownC. have knownD. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .A.will seeB.have seenC.sawD.see9、—These farmers have been to the United States .—Really ? When _____ there ?A. will they goB. did they goC. do they goD. have they gone10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Y es . I _____ it a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finishedB.Have ; done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; have finishedD.will ; do ; finish11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in12、—Do you know him well ?—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made13、—How long have you ____ here ?—About two months .A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .A. isB. hasC. willD. was过去完成时一、单项选择1.He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.A. where I had beenB. where I had goneC. where had I beenD. where had I gone2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?A. did, doB. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。