英语国家概况习题

Unit One The CountryI. Multiple choice.1. The “backbone of England” refers to _______.A. the Welsh MassifB. the PenninesC. the Middle ValleyD. the English Midlands2. The highest mountain in England is ______.A. the PenninesB. Ben NevisC. the Highland of ScotlandD. Northern Ireland3. The largest river is _____ and the second largest but the most important one is _____.A. the Thames River, the Severn RiverB. the Severn River, the Tees RiverC. the Exe River, the Thames RiverD. the Severn River, the Thames River4. Of the following, _____ is the largest, most populous and generally speaking the richest sectionA. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland5. The government of the Church of Scotland is________.A. EpiscopalB. PresbyterianC. the lord commissionerD. Anglican6. Among the Lake Poets, ______ was the most famous one.A. William WordsworthB. Samuel ColeridgeC. Robert SoutheyD. William Shakespeare7. Big Ben is in ___.A. LondonB. BirminghamC. GlasgowD. Liverpool8. The nickname of Britain is ___.A. Uncle SamB. John BullC. Father ChristmasD. Oliver Twist9. The best-known character of the British people is their ___.A. conservativenessB. exclusivenessC. self-importanceD. irony10. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain.A. 1707B. 1921C. 1801D. 193611. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. SevernB. ClydeC. BannD. Thames12. The proportion of the English in the whole population is _____ or so.A. 60%B. 80%C. 70%D. 30%II. Fill in the blanks with proper words.1. The national anthem of UK is _________________.2. The largest lake in Britain is _______, which is located in Northern Ireland.3. The national flag of UK is composed of three flags and it is called ________.4. Usually the husband of Queen gets the title “Prince of _________.”5. The second largest but the most important river in Britain is ______ and London is situated on it.6. The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of _____ _____ and _____ _____.7. The largest part of U.K. is _____.8. Belfast Lough and Lough Neagh lie in _____ _____.9. The U.K. lies to the _____ of France.10. Westminster, the area of central government administration is situated in the _____ End.III. True or false.1. Now in England, the top leader of the Church of England is Pope.2. The Capital of Scotland is Edinburgh.3. During Easter Day, people will eat eggs and chicks.4. Britain now is a member of European Union and Euros are the currency used across Britain.5. Loch Ness is a lake located in Southern England and it is famous for its scenery and the monster.6. Afternoon tea became popular in Queen Victoria’s time, and it is usually between nine and twelve in the morning.7. Great Britain is the largest island in British Isles and it is composed of fours parts including England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.8. The most important airport in Britain is Heathrow Airport in London.9. The Celtic language was a spoken language and it is still heard in parts of Scotland.10. English is the only language spoken in Britain.IV. V ocabulary1. Angles2. Westminster Abbey3. Germanic tribes4. Great Britain5. Husbandry6. Maritime7. Stonehenge 8. Territory 9. The Commonwealth10. TopographyV. Explain the following terms.1. The Buckingham Palace2. The Stonehenge3. British Commonwealth4. The Union Jack5. British Isles6. God Save the QueenVI. Answer the following questions briefly.1. What is the position of modern Britain in the world?2. What are the differences among the British Isles, the United Kingdom, Great Britain, and England?3. Why do English people like to talk about the weather? What are the contributing factors?Unit Two The PeopleI. Fill in the blanks with proper words.1. The UK has a ________ and _________society where its people have diverse origins in every continent of the world.2. The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes were _______ people from Europe and arrived in England between 5th and 7th centuries.3. The ____________ census, conducted under the order of William the Great, provides the earliest reasonable estimate of England’s population.4. ___________ is the official language of the United Kingdom.5. The Irish, Welsh and Scottish Gaelic have developed from the _________ language.6. Traditionally, the British class system was divided into upper, middle, and working class.II. V ocabulary1. Ethnic diversity 4. Nomans7. Domesday Book 10. Old Stone Age 2. Celtic language5. Anglo-Saxons8. Potato Famine3. Britishness6. Germanic people9. Black DeathIII. Explain the following terms.1. Potato Famine2. Domesday Book3. Indo-European language familyIV. Answer the following questions briefly.1. What patterns settlement and immigration has the UK demonstrated in history?2. What are the key elements in “Britishness” that the citizens of the UK share?3. What consequences will be brought by the decline of the British identity?4. What is the official language in UK? And what are the minor languages spoken in the country?5. How are people in the UK divided into different classes? What are some of the main features in the division?6. What do you think are the English characters? What do you think contribute to them?Unit 3 History (1)(Early Britain before 1066)I. Multiple choice.1. ______invaders conquered what is now called England in the first century A.D.A. The RomanB. The NormanC. The AnglesD. The American2. Julius Caesar invaded Britain in _____.A. 55 BCB. 100 BCC.410 ADD. 55 AD3. _______is believed to have been a Roman-Briton warrior who fought against foreign attackers between 400 and 600 AD.A. King ArthurB. AlfredC. WilliamD. Canute4. The first “King of the English” was _____.A. Alfred the GreatB. EgbertC. BedeD. Ethelred5. The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _____ and the Jutes which invaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people.A. SaxonsB. ScotsC. WelshD. Wessex6. The head of the church in Anglo-Saxon times was _____.A. the King of Denmark and NorwayB. the king of EnglandC. Julius CaesarD. the Archbishop of Canterbury7. The _____ invaded England in the earliest time.A. DanesB. IberiansC. RomansD. Celts8. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from _____.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B9. British recorded histroy begins with _____.A. the Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invsionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion10. Edward was known as the “_____” because of his reputation for saintliness.A. ConfessorB. ConquerorC. ProtectorD. Unready11. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 1035D. 145812. The Battle of Hastings took place in _____.A. 1606B. 1042C. 1066D. 1458II. Fill in the blanks with proper words.1. The property record in the time of William the Conqueror is known as the ______.2. The word “English” means “the language belonging to the ________”.3. The ancestors of the English are ______, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the Celts.4. About 122 AD, i n order to keep back the Picts and Scots, the _____ built Hadrian’s Wall.5. _____ was considered the first national hero and was called the “father of the British Navy”.6. In 1086 William had his official to make a general survey of the land, known as _____ Book.7. The Battle of _____ paved the way for the Norman Conquest to England.8. Along with the Normans came the _____ language.III. True or false.1. In the early history of England, there were many legendary heroes and one of them was King Arthur.2. The Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall were the two great walls built by the Romans along the northern border of England to prevent the Picts in Scotland from invading England. The picts were said to have painted faces”.3. The Norman Conquest was in effect a French conquest and the imposition upon England of ruling French aristocracy. In consequence, Norman-French of the conquerors replaced English as an authoritative language in England. English became a lower-class language.IV. V ocabulary1. Stonehenge4. Alfred the Great7. The Battle of Hastings 10. Edward the Confessor 2. Hadrian’s wall5. Christianity8. Normand Conquest3. Heptarchy6. Julius Caeser9. William the ConquerorV. Explain the following terms.1. Norman Conquest2. William the Conqueror3. Stonehenge4. Silbury Hill5. Julius Caesar6. Hadrian’s Wall7. King Arthur8. St. Augustine of CaterburyVI. Answer the following questions briefly.1. What are the Roman influences on England?2. What are the Anglo-Saxon influences on England?3. What were the influences of Norman Conquest on Britain?4. “British history has been a history of invasion”. Do you agree or disagree to this point of view? Why?Unit 3 History (2)(Medieval Britain 1066-1485)I. Multiple choice.1. In history _____ was nicknamed “King of Lackland”.A. JohnB. Henry IC. Henry IID. Jame I2. The founder of the English legal system and the Common Law was______.A. Henry IB. Henry IIC. Henry IIID. Henry VIII3. The Peasants Uprising in 1381 was led by _____.A. Henry TurnerB. Watt TylerC. RichardD. William I4. The Wars of Roses was so called because _____.A. it was fought during the seasons of rosesB. the fighting two sides both used the rose as their badgeC. it was fought over dispute of a roseD. none of the above5. The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King JohnD. Henry Tudor6. In the early 14th century feudalism began to _____ in England.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end7. The Parliament of 1295 which is known as the “_____” is considered the “beginning of parliament”.A. All Estates ParliamentB. Model ParliamentC. Long ParliamentD. Short Parliament8. The Middle Ages in England ended with ____.A. the Norman ConquestB. the beginning of the Tudor MonarchyC. the beginning of the ParliamentD. the Peasant Uprising9. The Great Charter was essentially a _____.A. Culture MovementB. colonial documentC. feudal documentD. capitalistic document10. The _____ dealt a telling blow to villainies, and a whole new class of yeomen farmers emerged, paving the way for the development of capitalism.A. Peasant uprising of 1381B. Wars of the RosesC. England ReformationD. Civil wars11. The _____developed later into the Lords and the Commons known as Parliament.A. WitanB. Grand CouncilC. Privy CouncilD. Great Council II. Fill in the blanks with proper words.1. John signed the document in 1215, which in history was called the Great Charter or _____ _____.2. The English parliament originated in the _____ _____.3. The third collection of the poll tax in the early part of 1381 became the fuse of _____ _____ rising.4. The Wars of the Roses broke out between the _____ and the _____.5. The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a _____ _____ war.6. Parliament comes from a French word which means to ____.III. True or false.1. The Hundred Years’ War refers to the war betwee n France and England from 1353 to 1453. It continued intermittently for more than 100 years with ups and downs for both sides, but it ended in victory for the English. The war was caused by bothterritorial and economic disputes.2. The Great Council included barons and representatives from counties and towns. IV. V ocabularyV. Explain the following terms.1. Magna Carta2. the Hundred Years’ War3. the Black Death4. Joan of ArcVI. Answer the following questions briefly.1. What do you know about the Wars of Roses and what were the consequences?2. What do you know about t he Hundred Years’ War and its influence on Britain?Unit 3 History (3)(Transition to the Modern Age 1485-1688)I. Multiple choice.1. The Spanish Armada used to be very strong and it was once called _______.A. the Powerful FleetB. the Unbreakable FleetC. the Strong ArmadaD. the Invincible Fleet2. Among the first critics of the Roman Catholic Church, ______was the most prominent and he established Protestantism.A. Martin LutherB. Martin Luther King, JrC. Thomas BecketD. John Bunyan3. In England, when Elizabeth I died, _____ was the first of the Stuarts to take the throne.A. Mary TudorB. James IC. Charles ID. Oliver Cromwell4. William and Mary jointly accepted _____ and the age of constitutional monarchy began.A. the Magna CartaB. the Petition of RightC. the Test ActD. the Bill of Rights5. The English Reformation began with______.A. Henry ⅦB. Henry ⅧC. Mary TudorD. Edward Ⅰ6. The English Renaissance was largely______.A. religiousB. ideologicalC philosophical D. literary7. The___ developed later into the Lords and the Commons known as Parliament.A. WitanB. Grand CouncilC. Privy CouncilD. Great Council8. In 1653 _____ was made Lord Protector for life.A. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. William IID. Charles II9. Charles I was beheaded in _____.A. 1649B. 1648C. 1653D.166910. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a _____.A. coup d’etatB. racial slaughterC. peasant risingD. bourgeois revolution11. The Middle Ages in England ended with ____.A. the Norman ConquestB. the beginning of the Tudor MonarchyC. the beginning of the ParliamentD. the Peasant Uprising12. During his reign, Henry VIII carried out the _____ reforms.A. religiousB. judicialC. landD. spelling13. The Enclosure Movement was a period in which “____ devour men” as described in Thomas More’s Utopia.A. pigsB. sheepC. cattleD. dogs14. Chartered companies were estblished during Queen Elizabeth I’s time. They were____.A. government companies under the control of an appointed agentB. established with private capital used for overseas expansion under the Queen’s permissionC. owned by the big noble familiesD. granted by the queen to her close friends15. In the Civil War, the supporters of the king were generally called _____.A. RoundheadsB. ConservativesC. ZealotsD. Cavaliers16. The English Bourgeois Revolution in its upsurge was also called the ____.A. Catholic RevolutionB. Puritan RevolutionC. Bolshevik RevolutionD. the Reformation17. In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. _____ began in England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of LancasterD. the Republic18. In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____”, according to which Henry VIII was declared the head of the English Church.A. the Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Act of SettlementD. Act of Union19. The Industrial Revolution first started in _____.A. the iron industryB. the textile industryC. the coal industryD. manufacturing industry20. The Reformation was a product of _____.A. the RenaissanceB. the Chartist MovementC. the Hundred Years’ WarD. the Wars of Roses21. The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was _____.A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. BaconII. Fill in the blanks with proper words.1. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a commonwealth, later, he became the _________.2. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “______” of the world.3. Renaissance spread into England during the Tudor Monarchy and its mainstream was _________.4. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported ________, while the Roundheads supported _______.5. The East India Company formed at the end of the 16th century was one of _____ companies.6. “Renaissance” means “_____”, i.e. Europe rediscovering its origins in the cultures of ancient Greek and Rome.7. In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the _____ _____ was defeated by English ships.8. The first two parties appeared in England were the _____ and the _____.9. After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a _____.10. In 1653 Cromwell was made _____ _____ for life and started his military dictatorship openly.III. True or false.1. Under the reign of Oliver Cromwell the Bill of Rights was passed.2. James I was executed in the civil war.3. Under the reign of Oliver Cromwell the Bill of Rights was passed.4. Drama flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature.IV. V ocabularyV. Explain the following terms.1. Renaissance2. The English Civil War3. Glorious Revolution4. The English ReformationVI. Answer the following questions briefly.Unit 3 History (4) (5)(The Age of Empire 1689-1901)(Britain Since 1901)I. Multiple choice.1. The Industrial Revolution in Britain first started in the _______ industry.A. ironB. textileC. powerD. heavy2. Queen Victoria was one of the great monarchs in Britain and she got a nickname as _____ of Europe.A. GrandmotherB. Great AuntC. Great MotherD. Great Woman3. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Wars of the RosesB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Industrial RevolutionD. the Religious Reformation4. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a _____.A. coup d’etatB. racial slaughterC. peasant risingD.bourgeois revolution5. The Enclosure Movement was a period in which “____ devour men” as described in Thomas More’s Utopia.A. pigsB. sheepC. cattleD. dogs6. During ____’s reign, England and Scotland were formally united under the name of Great Britain in 1707.A. Queen Elizabeth IB. James IC. Queen AnneD. James II7. Charles Darwin published _________ in 1859.A. On the Origin of SpeciesB. Wealth of NationsC. Act of SupremacyD. Bill of Rights8. Among the following descriptions about Adam Smith, _____ is not right.A. He had written a book named the Wealth of Nations.B. He advocated laissez faire and free competition.C. Including some positive influences, his ideas also brought negative influences,such as problems of child labor, low wages, etc.D. He believed that population tend to increase faster than the food supply.9. The _____ weakened Britain. The British colonies became independent on after another.A. Hundred rears warB. Black DeathC. Two world warsD. Wars of the Roses10. Before WWII _____ relied on appeasement of the European dictators to reduce tensions that might lead to war.A. Neville ChamberlainB. Stanley BaldwinC. Winston ChurchillD. John Adams11. When Germany invaded _____ which was neutral, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August, 1914.A. AustriaB. RussiaC. BelgiumD. PolandII. Fill in the blanks with proper words.1. In 1707, the Act of _______ united England and Scotland.2. In 1764 James Hargreaves invented the _____ _____.3. The Industrial Revolution started during the last part of the _____ century.4. Upon the completion of the _____ _____ by 1850 England became the workshop of the world.III. V ocabularyIV. Answer the following questions briefly.1. What was the effect of the Industrial Revolution on Britain?Unit Four Government and PoliticsUnit Five JudiciaryI. Multiple choice.1. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the QueenB. the Lord ChancellorC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister2. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords3. In news report No. 10 Downing Street usually stands for the English _____.A. QueenB. Lord ChancellorC. Prime MinisterD. Price4. Britain is a bourgeois democracy with a two-party political system. The two parties are _____.A. the Labor and the Communist PartyB. the Whig Party and the Fabian PartyC. the Conservatives and the Labor PartyD. the Conservatives and the Tory Party5. A General Election is held once every _____ years and now there are _____ members of Parliaments.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 646D. four, 6466. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of British government?A. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D. It has no written from of Constitution.7. Which group of people can NOT vote in the general election?A. members in the House of CommonsB. Lords in the House of LordsC. the UK citizens above the age of 18D. the UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic8. The life of Parliament is fixed at _____ years.A. fourB. sixC. fiveD. six9. The Shadow Cabinet is organized by the _____.A. GovernmentB. OppositionC. Privy CouncilD. Prime Minister10. Legally any citizen aged from _____ to _____ who has never been sent to prison can be a member of the jury.A. 16, 60B. 18, 65C. 18, 60D. 15, 7011. Now the House of Lords can prevent a bill from passing into a law for _____.A. one yearB. two yearsC. six yearsD. three years12. The High Court of Justice includes the following divisions except _____.A. the Queen’s Bench DivisionB. the Criminal DivisionC. the Chancellor DivisionD. the Family DivisionII. Fill in the blanks with proper words.1. The law-making body in Britain is __________.2. In news report ______ usually stands for the English Prime Minister.3. British Constitution consists of _________, __________, and _________.4. In Britain, the official head of state is _________ while the real centre of political life is in ____.5. In terms of the nature of cases, we can divide the courts into two systems: the _____ Courts and the _____ Courts.6. To become a barrister, one must be a member of the four inns of _____ and pass the _____ examination.III. True or false1. The Party which gets the majority seats in House of Lords will be the Government Party.2. In Britain, nobles can be elected to the House of Commons, which means they canbe the Prime Minister.3. The British Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.4. A party should hold at least 326 seats in the House of Commons in order to win the election.IV. V ocabularyV. Answer the following questions briefly.1. What are the roles of the British monarch? What does the phrase “the monarch is supposed to reign but not rule” mean?2. What are the functions of Parliament? How does the law-making process work?The Country and PeopleI. Fill in the blanks with proper words.1. The official name of Britain is _______________.2. The national anthem of UK is _________________.3. Great Britain has been traditionally divided into two major natural regions—a _____ in the north and west and a ______ in the south.4. The largest lake in Britain is _______, which is located in Northern Ireland.5. The national flag of UK is composed of three flags and it is called ________.6. Usually the husband of Queen gets the title “Duke of _________.”7. The second largest but the most important river in Britain is ______ and London is situated on it.8. In Britain, when you meet a man suffering heart attack you should call _______ for ambulance.9. The temperature in Britain is never too ____ in summer nor too ____ in winter.10. Cockneys is used to refer the white ____ class inhabitants of London, particularly ____ London, and the slang used by these people.II. True or false.1. Britain is a densely populated country with an average of 143 people peer square km, and it is very unevenly distributed, of the population 90% is urban and 10% is rural.2. The Capital of Scotland is Edinburgh, in which Greyfriars Bobby (a dog) is famous for the loyalty to its master.3. Britain now is a member of European Union and Euros are the currency used across Britain.4. Loch Ness is a lake located in Southern England and it is famous for its scenery and the monster.5. Afternoon tea became popular in Queen Victoria’s time, and it is usually between nine and twelve in the morning.6. Great Britain is the largest island in British Isles and it is composed of fours parts including England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.7. The Celtic language was a spoken language and it is still heard in parts of Scotland.8. During Easter Day, people will eat eggs and chicks.III. Explain the following terms.1. The Buckingham Palace2. The Stonehenge3. British Commonwealth4. The Union Jack5. British Isles6. St. Patrick’s Day7. The BBC8. God Save the QueenIV. Answer the following questions briefly.1. What is the position of modern Britain in the world?2. How are people in the UK divided into different classes? What are some of the main features in the division?3. What are the differences among the British Isles, the United Kingdom, Great Britain, and England?Before 1066I. Fill in the blanks.1. The written history of Britain begins in ______B.C.The _____ invaded from central Europe and had covered most of the _________ _______ by 500 B.C.3. The real invasion of Romans took place in ____ A.D.4. In Roman Britain, Scotland was controlled by ____ and Ireland by _____.5. __________ __________ is an ancient Roman wall built by the Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century to protect the Roman Empire in Britain from the attack of the Pics and Scots.6. The Germanic tribes invading south Britain are ______, ______, _______.7. In the 7th century, there were seven separate kingdoms as the ____________in the so-called “Angle-land(England)”.8. The national hero ______ ____ _______ saved the Angles from the _______who came from Denmark, Norway or Sweden, Along with his successors, he unified and brought stability to the country.9. In 1066, __________ defeated _______ at the Battle of __________ and took over Saxon England.10. During the Anglo-Saxon rule, the northern part of Britain remained independent,inhabited by ________ , of which the _____ and the _____ were two main tribes.II. Explain the terms.1. the Celts2. the Hadrian’s Wall3. the Heptarchy4. Alfred the Great5. the Battle of Hastings6. the Germanic tribesIII. Answer the questions.1. What are the Roman influences on England?2. What are the Anglo-Saxon influences on England?Unit 3 History (2)1066-1485I. Fill in the blanks.1. For tax purposes, the ___________ survey was commissioned in 1086 to record the entire population and their lands and property.2. The ___________ tribesmen established the English language now referred to as Old English.3. William and his nobles spoke and conducted court in __________.4. The power of ___________ was so strong power that he built an enormous empire which included much of Ireland.5. ________ “the Lion Heart” was preoccupied with foreign wars, taking part in the Third Crusade.6. During the reign of King _______, a royal council of twenty-five barons was formed and then joined by some lesser men or the “commons”, which slowly developed into a parliament.7. __________________ summoned the first elected Parliament in 1265.8. The franchise in parliamentary elections set the scene for the so-called “_________ Parliament” of 1295.9. ________________________ refers to the intermittent wars spanned from _____to _____between _________ and __________.10. _______________, a fierce and widespread outbreak of plague hit England fist in 1349 with subsequent waves between _______ and ______.11. Wat Tyler’s uprising broke in the year _______.。