高中英语创新方案译林版必修4江苏专版课件Unit 3 Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing

语法点三 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1.情态动词(may, might, can, could, should, ought to, must)＋be＋过去分词，构成被动语态。 Nowadays, solar energy can be used to produce electricity in many countries. 现在太阳能在许多国家可以被用来发电。
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The new railway has already been built. 新铁路已经建成了。(现在完成时) The new railway had been built by the end of last year. 这条铁路在去年年底前已经建成了。(过去完成时) A new railway will be built in this city next year. 这个城市明年将建一条新的铁路。(一般将来时) He told us that the new railway would be built the next year. 他告诉我们新铁路将于第二年建成。(过去将来时)
加入了情态动词来干扰，增加试题的难度。基本句型
是It is pointed out that ...，所以答案为C项。
2．使役动词和感官动词的被动语态 (1)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补足 语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结 构时，要加to。 get, leave, cause 等使役动词的宾语补足 语是带 to 的不定式，变为被动语态时该不定式不变。
(2)The old man was quite weak after the operation, so
he
.
A．must be taken care
B．must take care of
C．must be looked after
D．must look after
解析：选C 句意：这位老人手术后很虚弱，所以必 须被照顾。由句意可知此处表示被照顾，故C项正确。A 项需改为“must be taken care of”。
⑤Besides this, VR can be used to practise skills in a secure
environment that otherwise would be quite dangerous. ⑥However, with VR we are able to do things that could never be achieved in real life.
(2)It must
that China has the right to be
accepted as a member country of WTO.
A．point out
B．have pointed out
C．be pointed out
D．be pointing out
解析：选C 考查that从句变被动的句型，同时又
③To achieve this, special VR headsets are designed to allow the users to see in 3-D and hear the sound all around them. ④Engineers can enter the design of a neighbourhood into a computer, and then use VR to “walk” around the neighbourhood, see how it looks and make changes before construction is carried out.
原句感知 ①Both the headsets and the gloves are connected to a
computer network in the VR studio. ②In one case, a teenager who was afraid of talking and
playing with his schoolmates was treated with VR.
(2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时， 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然 保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday. →He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 妈妈给他一份生日礼物。
A real sense of achievement and happiness may be felt. 一种真正的成就感和幸福感可能被感觉到。 The pollution must be stopped. 必须停止污染。
[即时演练2] (1)句型转换 ①Teachers can use RealCine in the classroom. →RealCine can be used in the classroom by teachers . ②You should pay more attention to your table manners. →More attentionshould be paid to your table manners.
My father made me stay up late to finish my homework.(主动)
I was made to stay up late to finish my homework by my father. (被动)
[即时演练3] (1)句型转换 ①I didn't notice her enter the office. →She wasn't noticed to enter the office.
3．短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉它后面搭配的介词 或副词。 It is said that a new railway station will be set up in my hometown. 据说一个新的火车站将在我的家乡建起来。
The baby is being taken care of by his grandmother. 婴儿是由他祖母照顾的。 Such a strange story has never been heard of. 这样奇怪的事情从没有听说过。
现在进行时
过去进行时
being taken
being taken
现在完成时 have/has 过去完成时 had been taken been taken
一般将来时 will/shall 过去将来时 would/should
be taken
be taken
You are wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。(一般现在时) The railway was built in 1998. 这条铁路建于1998年。(一般过去时) A new railway is being built in this city. 这个城市正在修建一条新的铁路。(现在进行时) The railway was being built this time last year. 去年这个时候这条铁路正在修建。(过去进行时)
④The physics lesson will be taught (teach) in the
lab tomorrow. ⑤The flowers are being watered (water) by them now.
(2)(2016·江苏高考)More efforts, as reported,
②Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
→A stranger was seen to walk
into the building.
(2)Last December, 14 bears were seen
from
the bile (胆汁) trade in Vietnam.
A．rescued
B．to rescue
C．rescuing
D．rescue
解析：选A 考查非谓语动词。“see sb./sth.do/doing/ done”为常用结构，这一结构的被动语态为“be seen to do/doing/done”。分析题干可知，空格处与句子的主语之 间为动宾关系，所以应用过去分词“rescued”。故选A。
Our English teacher encouraged Mary. 我们英语老师鼓励了玛丽。 Mary was encouraged by our English teacher. 玛丽受到了我们英语老师的鼓励。 第一句中的动词 encouraged 是主动语态；第二句 中的动词 was encouraged 是被动语态。
语法点二 被动语态的基本构成形式 被动语态的基本结构是：“助动词 be/get＋过去分 词”。 被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，以动词 take 为例，其常见时态的被动形式如下表：
一般现在时 am/is/are 一般过去时 was/were taken taken
am/is/are
was/were
in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural
reform.
A．are made
B．will be made
C．are being made
D．have been made
解析：选B 句意：据报道，为加快供给侧结构性 改革，今后几年将会付出更多的努力。由in the years ahead“今后几年”(一般将来时)和more efforts与make之 间是被动关系(被动语态)可知用一般将来时的被动语 态。故选B项。
[即时演练1] (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①I was given (give) a new book on my last birthday. ②The room had been cleaned (clean) before we came. ③The singer is said (say) to have been accused of taking drugs.
自主探究 (1)在被动语态的句子中主语是动作的 承受者 ；
(2)在被动语态的句子中谓语的基本构成形式为：助动词 be＋及物动词的 过去分词 。 (3)在被动语态的句子中谓语可以有各种时态或含有 情态 动词。
[语法剖析] 语法点一 语态的概念 英语中动词有主动语态 (Active Voice) 和被动语态 (Passive Voice) 之分。如果主语是动作或状态的发出 者，动词就用主动语态；如果主语是动作或状态的承受 者，动词就用被动语态。
(3)(2015·北京高考)Did you enjoy the party?
—Yes.We A．were treated
well by our hosts. B．would be treated
C．treated
D．had treated
解析：选A 考查时态和语态。句意：“你喜欢这 个聚会吗？”“是的。我们受到了主人很好的招待。” 根据问句可知时态为一般过去时，故排除B、D两项；由 we与treat之间为被动关系可知，此处用被动语态，所以 答案为A。
[即时演练4] (1)句型转换 ①My sister made me a big cake. → I was made a big cake by my sister. ②We should make good use of every chance. →Every chance should be made good use of .