英语语言学复习资料

英语语言学复习资料

注: 1.试题类型为选择题,填空题,语料分析题和问答题.

2.未标习题的章节为一般了解.

Chapter 1Language and Linguistics: An Overview

1.1 What is language?

1.2 Features of human languages

(i) Creativity (or productivity)

Productivity is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.

_________ is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.

A. Duality

B. Arbitrariness

C. Creativity

D. Displacement

(ii) Duality

( ) Language contains two subsystems, one of speaking and the other of writing. (iii) Arbitrariness

( ) The Swiss linguist de Saussure regarded the linguistic sign as composed of sound image and referent.

(iv) Displacement

( ) Modern linguistics is prescriptive rather than descriptive.

( ) Language can be used to refer to things real or imagined, past, present or future.

(v) Cultural transmission

(vi) Interchangeability

(vii) Reflexivity

1.3 Functions of language

(i) The ideational function

(ii) The interpersonal function

(iii) The textual function

Which of the following does not belong to the language metafunctions illustrated by

M.A.K. Halliday?

A.Ideational function

B. Interpersonal function

C．Textual function. D. Logical function

1.4 Types of language

( ) Chinese is an agglutinating language.

1.5 The myth of language: language origin

1.6 Linguistics: the scientific study of language

1.6.1 Linguistics as a science

1.6.2 Branches of linguistics

(i) Intra-disciplinary divisions

(ii) Inter-disciplinary divisions

1.6.3 Features of modern linguistics

Chapter 2 Phonetics: The Study of Speech Sounds

2.1 The study of speech sounds

The study of speech sounds is called ________.

A. Phonetics

B. Articulatory phonetics

C. Phonology

D. Acoustic Phonetics

2.2 The sound-producing mechanism

2.3 Phonetic transcription of speech sounds

2.3.1 Unit of representation

2.3.2 Phonetic symbols

2.4 Description of English consonants

2.5 Description of English vowels

( ) Not all vowels are voiced.

2.6 Phonetic features and natural classes

I. Write the phonetic symbol that corresponds to the articulatory description. (10%) Example: vowel front high [i:]

1．bilabial nasal

2．voiced labiovelar glide

3．literal liquid

4．voiced bilabial stop

5．front high lax

II. Transcribe the sound represented by the underlined letter(s) in the words and then describe it. (10%)

Example: heat [i:] vowel front high

1．write

2．actor

3．city

4．worry

1．yes

Chapter 3 Phonology: The Study of Sound Systems and Patterns

3.1 The study of sound systems and patterns

( ) The study of speech sounds is called Phonology.

3.2 Phonemes and allophones

3.3 Discovering phonemes

3.3.1 Contrastive distribution

Sip and zip, tip and dip, map and nap, etc, are all ______.

A. minimal pairs

B. minimal sets

C. allophones

D. phomes

3.3.2 Complimentary distribution

( ) The voiceless bilabial stop in pin and the one in spin are in complementary distribution.

Pronounce the words key and core, ski and score, paying attention to the phoneme /k/. What difference do you notice between the first pair and the second pair in terms of the phonetic features of the voiceless velar stop? (10%)

3.3.3 Free Variation

( ) If segments appear in the same position but the mutual substitution does not result in change of meaning, they are said to be in free variation.

3.3.4 The discovery procedure