第二节定语从句

第二讲定语从句

定语从句（Ⅰ）

1、定义及相关术语

1. 定义：修饰某一____或____的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的_____之后。

2. 先行词：被_______修饰的词叫先行词。

3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that ,which ,who ,whom, whose ,as等；在句中充当____ ____ ___和____.关系副词有when ,where ,why 等,在句中充当____.

关系词通常有三个作用：（1）______：关系代词引导定语从句，把从句和主句连接起来；（2）______：关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词；（3）______: 关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。

2、关系代词引导的定语从句

1. who指_____，在定语从句中作________。

2.whom指_____，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。

3. which指______，在定语从句中作________，作宾语时常可省略。

4.that指____时，相当于who或whom ; 指____时，相当于which ,在定语从句作_____。作宾语时，可省略。

5. whose通常指____，也可指______，在定语从句中作_______。即“人的或物的”，表示“______关系”

The boys_____ are playing football are from Class One.

Li Ming is just the boy _______ I want to see

They planted some trees ______ didn’t need much water.

The fish _____ we bought this morning were not fresh .

I once lived in a room ____ window faces south

The child _______ parents were killed in the air crash is now living with his aunt .

1）who 与whom 的区别与联系

关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。The man ___________you met just now is my old friend .

当动词短语中的介词提在关系词前时，只用whom 不用who

The student ____our teacher is talking to is our monitor. . The student to___ our teacher is talking is our monitor.

2 ) whose 指物时，常用下列结构来代替：whose +n == the +n +of which == of which +the +n

Do you like the book _____ cover is yellow? Do you like the book the

cover of which is yellow?

三、定语从句中只能用that/which 引导的情况：

1. 限制性定语从句中只能用that引导的情况：

1) 当先行词是不定代词all ,much ,little ,few ,none，the one，something, everything anything ,nothing 时。

All ______can be done has been done .

Have you taken down everything (that) Mr Li said ?

2) 当先行词前面有the only ,the very (恰恰，正好), the just , the same, the last, all, much ,little, few ,some ,any , no ,等修饰时. He stayed in the library and looked up any information ______he needed.

This is the very bus ______I’m waiting for .

3) 当先行词是形容词最高级或有形容词最高级修饰时。

This is the best _____has been used against pollution.

This is the most interesting movie______I’ve ever seen .

4）当先行词是序数词或有序数词修饰时。

This train is the last_____ will go to Hang zhou .

What is the first American novel _____ you have read ?

5）当先行词既有人又有物时。

Do you know the school and the teachers ______they are talking about?

6) 当主句的主语是疑问词who或 which , 应用that，以避免重复而造成语意混淆。

Which is the bike _____you lost ？ Who is the boy _____won the gold medal ？

7) 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which , 另一个宜用that 。They secretly built up a small factory , _____produced things______ caused pollution.

8) 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city_____ it used to be . She is no longer the girl that she was 10 years ago.

2. 定语从句中只能用which 引导的情况：

1) which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能

My house , ______I bought two years ago , has got a lovely garden.

在非限制性定语从句中，which 有时可以指代整个句子。

Jim passed the driving test , ______surprised everybody in the office.

Helen was much kinder to her younger son than to the others,______, of cause ,made the others envy him .

2) 当动词短语中的介词提在关系词前时，which 可以做介词的宾语，