汉英沉积学常用词汇
汉英沉积学常用词汇
附录：汉英沉积学常用词汇凹坑pool，chute白垩chalk白云化灰岩dolomitized limestone白云母muscovite白云石dolomite白云岩dolostone, dolomitite斑点构造mottled structure斑礁patch reef斑晶porphyrotope斑脱岩bentonite搬运作用transportation板状晶体laths半深海helmipelagic半自形晶subhedral棒形蛀木虫迹teredolites clavatus包卷层理convolute lamination包卷构造volute structure堡礁(障壁礁) barrier reef抱球虫软泥globigerina ooze比较试验模式scaled experimental model碧玉jasper边滩point bar辫状河braided channel标志层key bed标准偏差standard deviation外表构造surface texture表皮鲕superficial Oolits表栖动物epifauna表生成岩作用epidiagenesis表生作用epigenesis表土regolith滨湖亚相lake-shore滨面shoreface滨线shoreline冰雹痕hail impression冰川glacier冰-海沉积物glacier-marine sediment冰川相glacial facies冰碛物till冰碛岩tillite冰水沉积outwash波长wave length波高wave height波痕ripple波状层理wavy bedding剥离线理parting lineation不等粒inequigranular不整合unconformity槽痕flute槽模flute casts侧向沉积作用lateral sedimentation侧向加积lateral accretion测井沉积学well-logging sedimentology 测井相electrofacies层bed层间流interflow层孔虫stromatoporoid层理stratification，bedding，lamination 层流laminar flow层内溶解作用intrastratal solution层系set层系组coset层序地层学sequence stratigraphy次长石净砂岩subarkose次生孔隙secondary porosity次岩屑净砂岩sublitharenite长石feldspar长石砂岩feldspar sandstone长石净砂岩arkose长石净砂岩类arkosic arenite长石杂砂岩feldspathic greywacke长石杂砂岩类arkosic greywacke潮道tidal channel潮间带intertidal潮控三角洲tidal-dominated delta潮坪tidal flat潮上带supratidal潮汐层理tidal- bedding潮汐流ebb current潮汐三角洲tidal delta潮下带subtidal zone沉积分异作用sedimentary differentiation 沉积构造sedimentary structure沉积后作用postdeposition沉积环境depositional environment沉积模式sedimentary model沉积盆地sedimentary basin沉积铁矿sedimentary iron ores沉积物sediment沉积物重力流sediment gravity flow沉积相sedimentary〔depositional〕facies 沉积学sedimentology沉积岩sedimentary rocks沉积岩石学sedimentary petrology沉积作用sedimentation，deposition成分成熟度positional matuarity成岩作用diagenesis赤铁矿hematite冲积平原alluvial plain冲积扇alluvial fan冲裂avulsion冲流swash冲流回流带zone of swash and backwash 冲刷痕scour mark冲洗交织层理swash bedding冲溢扇washover fan储层reservoir储油窗oil –windows床沙bed床沙形体bed form床沙载荷bed load吹程fetch垂向沉积作用vertical accretion丛藻迹chondrites粗砾cobble粗枝藻门dasyclads大潮spring tide大陆架continental shelf大陆隆continental rise大陆坡continental slope大洋盆地basin带穴迹taenidium带状迹teanidium袋状钻孔迹rogerella单杯迹monocraterion单成份砾岩oligomictic conglomerate 岛(弧)-海(沟)体系arc-trench system 岛弧island arc等深流contour current等深积岩contourite等趾迹isopodichnus等足迹isopodichnus低镁方解石low-magnesian calcite低弯度河道low-sinuosity channel低位体系域low-stand systems tract 堤岸bank底痕sole mark底积层bottomset底模solecast底栖生物benthos底载河道bedload channel地层strata地层倾斜录井dipmeter log地层水formation water地球化学geochemistry地球物理geophysics地震地层学seismic stratigraphy地震勘探seismic exploration递变层graded layer递变悬浮作用graded suspension典型浊积岩clastic turbidite电测井electric log叠层石stromatolite叠瓦状排列imbricate arrangement 顶积层topsets动态模式dynamic model动藻迹zoophycus豆粒pisolite段member对称波痕symmetrical ripple鲕粒oolite二叶石迹cruziana反递变层理reverse grading反沙丘层理antidune bedding反向递变的inversely graded泛滥盆地flood basin泛滥平原flood plain方沸石Analcime方解石calcite放射虫Radiolarians放射性测井radioactivity log非补偿〔饥饿〕沉积starved basin非显晶质的aphanitic沸石zeolite分流河道distributary channel分流河口砂坝distributary-mouth bar 分流间湾interdistributary分选系数So分选作用sorting粉砂silt粉砂岩siltite,siltstone粉砂页岩silt shale球粒pellet风暴大潮storm surge风成eolian风成波痕eolian ripple,wind ripple风成交织层理aeolian cross bedding 风成岩eolianite风化作用weathering风生流wind-drift current风蚀deflation峰度curtosis缝合线stylolite弗劳德数Froude number浮游生物plankton腐泥sapropel负载〔荷〕构造load structure复成分砾岩polymictic conglomerate 复理石flysch钙结层caliche干酪根kerogen干盐湖playa高岭石kaolinite高弯度河道high-sinuosity channel 高位体系域high-stand systems tract 根珊瑚迹rhizocoralliun耕作迹agrichnia沟模groove casts沟蠕形迹taphrhelminthopsis古拉迹paleohelcura古生态学paleoecology古生物paleontological古水流标志paleocurrent indicator古土壤paleosols古网迹palaeodictyon古斜坡paleoslope骨架岩framestone固着底栖生物sessile benthos光合作用photosynthesis硅镁层sima硅土，二氧化硅silica硅质silic-硅质碎屑siliciclastic国际沉积学家学会IAS(International Association of Sedimentologists)海(湖)泛面flooding surface海(湖)滩beach海岸带coastal zone海底扇submarine fan海底峡谷submarine canyon海沟trench海进体系域transgressive systems tract海浪sea wave海绿石glauconite海平面变化sea-level changes海平面升降eustasy海侵transgression海侵层序transgressive sequence海生迹thalassinoides海滩marine beach海滩脊ridge of a beach海相三角洲marine delta海洋ocean旱谷arroyo, wadi河床〔道〕channel河床滞留lag河底滞留沉积channel floor lag河控三角洲fluvial delta河口湾estuary河流相fluvial河漫overbank核形石oncilite褐铁矿limonite黑色页岩black shale黑云母biotite红藻植物门rhodophyta后滨backshore后成作用katagenesis,anadiagenesis弧间盆地interarc basin弧内盆地intra-arc basin弧前盆地forearc basin湖lake湖泊环境lacustrine environment湖泊相lacustrine湖面波动seiche湖沼学limnology滑[动]痕slide mark滑塌构造slump structure滑塌岩slumps复原硫酸盐细菌desulfouibrio,desulfomaculmi 复原作用reduction环境沉积学environmental sedimentology环线迹spirorhaphe黄铁矿pyrite黄土loess灰泥micrite灰泥岩mudstone灰质白云岩calcareous dolostone回流backflow，backwash混杂沉积岩diamicton混杂堆积物mélange混载荷流mixed-load channel火山弹bomb火山灰ash火山灰流ash flow火山角砾岩volcanic breccia火山块block火山泥石流lahar火山碎屑pyroclastic debris，tephra火山碎屑流pyroclastic flow火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock火焰构造flame structure鸡笼状的chickenwire集合粒aggregate集块岩agglomerate加积accretion加积作用aggradation假亮晶pseudospar尖峰度的jeptokurtic剪切shearing交织层cross beds交织层理cross bedding; cross stratification 交织纹crossed-lamellar交织纹层cross laminae胶结物cement胶结作用cementation胶磷矿collophane礁reef礁核reef core礁后相backreef facies礁麓堆积reef talus礁前相forereef facies礁相reef facies角度不整合angular unconformity角砾岩breccias节藻迹phycodes结晶碳酸盐岩crystalline carbonate界面bounding surfaces金藻门chrysophyta津〔波〕浪tsunami近滨nearshore进潮口tidal inlet进积作用progradation进食构造feeding structures进食迹fodinichnia晶面crystal face晶体crystal井形穴shafts净砂岩arenite静态模式static model居住构造dwelling structure居住迹domichnia居住潜穴dwelling burrows巨画迹megagrapton巨砾boulder决口扇crevasse，crevasse splay均匀悬浮uniform suspension颗粒grain ，particle颗粒流grain flow颗粒岩grainstone颗粒支撑的particle -supported ，grain-supported 可劈性fissility可容空间acmodation space克拉通craton孔隙〔度〕pore，porosity块状层理massive bedding块状砂岩massive sandstone浪成波痕wave-generated ripple浪成沙纹层理wave- ripple bedding浪基面wave base浪控三角洲wave-dominated delta雷诺数Reynolds number-Re类沙蚕迹nereites累积频率曲线cumulative-frequency curve离岸〔裂〕流rip current犁沟迹aulichnites丽线迹cosmorhaphe砾gravel砾漠reg砾屑灰岩calcirudite砾屑岩rudite砾岩conglomerate粒度grain size粒度概率图probability plot粒度中值Md粒间孔隙度intergranular porosity粒屑灰岩grainstone粒序层理graded bedding亮晶sparite亮晶方解石sparry calcite亮晶灰岩sparite亮煤clarain裂隙fracture临滨shoreface磷灰岩phosphorite磷酸盐岩phosphate rock菱铁矿siderite流动体制flow regimes流痕rill impression流态flow regime流体化作用fluidization硫酸盐sulphate漏斗形funnel shape陆表海epicontinental sea陆架边缘体系域shelf margin systems tract 陆相terrestrial陆缘海marginal sea陆源碎屑岩terrigenous clastic rocks陆表海epeiric sea绿泥岩chlorite绿藻门chlorophyta,卵石质砂岩pebbly sandstone螺管迹gyrolithes洛伦茨迹corenzinia脉状层理flaser bedding漫流sheet flow漫游迹planoliies煤coal煤化作用coalification锰质岩manganess rock觅食迹pascichnia觅食拖迹grazing trails密度底流density underflow密度流density current密度跃层pyocline磨拉石molasses母岩source rock, parent rock母岩区provenance，source area内成岩endogenetic内栖动物infauna内碎屑intraclast钠长石albite钠长石化albitization能量带energy belt泥mud泥板岩argillite泥晶micrite泥晶套micrite envelope泥粒灰岩〔泥质颗粒岩〕packstone 泥裂mud crack泥流mud flow泥石流debris flow泥质岩mudrock泥页岩argillutite泥支撑的mud supported泥质的argil拟蠕形迹helminthopsis逆行沙波regressive sand wave逆行沙丘antidune年代地层单位chronostratigraphic unit 鸟眼构造birds-eyes structure鸟足状三角洲bird-foot delta凝灰岩tuff凝聚颗粒aggregate grains凝块灰岩thrombolite牛顿流体Newtonian fluid牛轭湖ox-bow lake爬迹repichnia爬升沙纹层理climbing ripple bedding 爬行crawling拍岸浪surf盘旋虫科spirillinidae螃蟹迹psilonichnus跑动running泡沫痕foam impression盆内岩intrabasinal rock盆外岩石extrabasinal rock片流sheetwash偏度Sk1，skewness漂砾erratic平均粒径Mz平均值mean平行层理parallel bedding平直河straight channel破浪breaker破浪带breaker zone葡萄石grapestones气候带climate belts牵引[作用] traction牵引流tractive current牵引毯状沉积traction carpet前滨foreshore前积层foresets前三角洲沉积prodelta deposit浅海区neritic province浅滩shoal墙形迹teichichus丘状交织层理hummocky cross bedding球度sphericity球粒pellet，pellet peloids球状粒peloid曲带迹curuolithus曲流meander曲流裁直neck cutoff曲流河meandering river取心钻井core drilling全球海平面变化eustatic change of sea level 缺氧事件anoxic event群group群体生物colony(organisms)热云nuee ardente热云岩ignimbrite溶解载荷solutional load熔结凝灰岩ignimbrite蠕形迹helminthoida软流圈asthenosphere软泥ooze弱光带disphotic zone萨布哈〔盐沼〕sabkha三角洲delta三角洲平原delta plain三角洲前缘delta front三联点triple junction扫毛虫sabellarians沙坝bar沙波sand wave沙流sand flow沙漠desert沙漠相desert facies沙丘dune沙蜀迹arenicolites沙体Sand body沙纹ripples沙嘴spit砂sand砂火山sand volcanoes砂流sand flow砂屑detritus砂屑灰岩calcarenite砂岩sandstone砂枕构造pillow structure 筛状沉积sieve deposition 山鹿冲积平原bajada山麓piedmont珊瑚coral扇砾岩fanglomerate扇三角洲fan delta扇状三角洲fan-like delta 舌菌迹glossiofunhites蛇形迹ophiomorpha深海pelagic, deep sea深海带abyssal zone深海沟deep-sea trench深海平原abyssal深海扇deep-sea fan深泓线thalweg深水bathymetric深水盆地bathymetric basin 渗透率permeability生长构造growth structure 生物层biostrome生物带biozone生物地层学biostratigraphy 生物灰岩biolithite生物礁reef生物颗粒bioclast生物亮晶灰岩biosparite生物内碎屑bioclastic生物泥晶灰岩biomicrite生物丘bioherm生物扰动作用bioturbation生物遗迹化石trace fossil石膏gypsum石化作用lithification石灰岩limestone石漠hamada石英quarts石英砂岩quartz sandstone，silicarenita石英净砂岩quartz arenite石英杂砂岩quartzwack石针迹skolithos石枝藻litho-thammium始成岩作用eodiagenesis示顶底标志geopetal criterion事实模式actual model数学模式mathematical model刷模brush casts双杯迹diplocraterion双形迹dimorphichus双趾迹diplichifes水道channel水流current，aqueous flow水流痕current mark水流上涌upwelling水流线理current lineation水平层理horizontal bedding水体分层stratification of the water column 水下泥石流subaqueous debis flow水下岩崩subaqueous rockfall水悬浮作用aqueous suspension斯科阳迹scoyenia似海生迹thalassinoides似海星迹asteriacites似蠕形迹helminthopsis似藻迹phycodes碎屑颗粒detrital particle燧石flint ，chert他生沉积物allochthonous sediments它形晶anhedral塌积角砾岩collapse braccia塔斯曼迹tasmanadia台地platform苔藓虫fenestrate bryozoans滩bank滩脊beach ridge碳酸盐carbonate碳酸盐岩carbonate rock, carbonatite碳酸盐岩补偿深度carbonate pensation depth 碳酸盐岩隆〔建隆〕carbonate buildup逃逸构造escape structure逃逸迹fugichnia体系域systems tract天然堤levee，natural levee填集作用packing跳模bounce casts跳跃作用saltation铁岩ironstone铁质岩ferruginous rock停息迹cubchnia同沉积滑塌构造syndepositinal slump structure 同生白云岩syngenetic dolostone同生作用syngenesis透光带photic zone透镜状层理lenticular bedding湍流turbulent flow团块lumps退覆层序offlap sequence洼状交织层理swaley cross bedding外成岩exogenetic rock外来岩块exotic block外生沉积物exogentic sediments弯曲锚形迹ancorichnus coronus晚成岩作用telodiagenesis网状〔交织〕河流anastomosing stream，anastomosed river 微亮晶microspar微斜长石microcline胃形钻孔迹gastrochaenolites温跃层thermoclime纹层laminae，lamination纹层状的laminated纹理lamination纹泥,季节泥varve雯石〔霰石〕aragonite紊流turbulent flow无光带aphotic zone无粘结性颗粒cohesionless particle物源区provenance矽藻diatom细砾granule线管迹tigllites相facies相变facies change相标志facies mark相对海平面relative sea-level相序facies sequence 〔succession〕向上变粗coarsening-upward向上变浅shoaling-upward，shallowing--upward小潮neap tide小连续diastem斜坡地形clinoform泄水构造water-escape structure泻湖lagoon新生变形作用neomorphism新月形沙丘barchan dune信风trade winds星瓣迹asterosoma休息迹resting traces悬浮〔移〕负载suspended load选择交代作用selective replacement压扁层理flaser bedding压刻痕toll mark压溶作用pressure solution压实作用paction盐水楔saltwater wedge岩石地层单位lithostratigraphic unit岩石地层学lithostratigraphy岩石圈lithosphere岩石学petrology岩相lithofacies岩相古地理lithofacies paleogeography岩屑rock fragment，lithic岩屑砂岩lithic sandstone，rock fragment sandstone 岩屑净砂岩litharenite岩屑杂砂岩lithic greywacke岩屑质长石净砂岩lithic arkose岩性lithological沿岸流longshore current沿岸沙坝longshore bar盐度salinity盐湖salt lakes盐碱滩salina氧化作用oxidation页岩shale液化liguefaction液化沉积物流fluidized sediment flow液化作用liquefaction伊利石illite遗迹化石ichnofossil，trace fossil遗迹相ichofacies异化颗粒allochem粘结灰岩bindstones硬砂岩greywacke硬石膏anhydrite涌浪swells尤尔斯特龙图解Hiulstrom diagram油气储层地质建模reservoir geological Modeling 油页岩oil shale游泳生物nekton organisms原生孔隙primary porosity有效孔隙度effective porosity羽状交织层理herringbone cross bedding雨痕rain impression原始古网迹protopalaeodictyon圆度roudness越岸沉积overbank deposit运动迹moving traces韵律层理rhythmic bedding杂基matrix杂基支撑matrix supported杂砂岩graywacke，wacke载荷load再作用面(复活面)reactivation surface藻管迹phycosiphon藻类algae藻团块algae lumps藻团粒algal poliods藻席Algal mats造礁珊瑚hermatypic coral粘度viscosity粘结岩boundstone粘土级clay size粘土矿物clay mineral粘土岩claystone涨潮流flood current帐篷构造tepees障壁barrier障壁岛barrier island障壁沙咀barrier spit障积岩bufflestone沼泽相swamp振荡波痕oscillation ripples蒸发岩evaporites正常鲕normal Oolits正递变的normally graded正化颗粒orthochems正态分布normal distribution直观模式visual model指状沙坝bar-finger sand指状钻孔迹trypanites中成岩作用mesodiagenesis中峰度的mesokertic中砾pebble中值median钟形bell shape众数mode重晶石barite重流层heavy-fluid layer皱饰迹rusophycus蛀木虫迹teredolites铸模mold铸模孔隙moldic porosity铸型cast锥模prod casts坠积物colluvium准层序parasequence准层序组parasequence set浊积石灰岩allodapic limestone浊积岩turbidite浊流turbidity current自生沉积物autochthonous sediments 自生的authigentic自形晶euhedral自悬浮autosuspension组formation组构fabric钻孔迹trypanites。
沉积特征英语词汇
Depositional Distinguishing Feature 沉积特征sedimentary structure 沉积构造bdd beded 层状的bndd banded 层状的band band 夹层xlam crosslaminated 交错层理xbdd crossbeded 交错层intbdd interbeded 互层的，夹层的crnk crinkled 褶皱cont contact 接触，界面unconf unconformity 不整合conf conformity 整合crev crevive 裂隙conc concretion 结核，含有物nod nodules 结核。
团块ves vesicular 多孔状lumpy lumpy 块状conch conchoidal 贝壳状gran granular 颗粒状slky silky 丝状gl glassy 玻璃状fib fibrous 纤维状glblr globular 球状xl crystal 结晶xln crystalline 结晶体porosity 孔隙度gd good 15% 好fair 10～15% 中等poor 5～10% 较差trace less 5% 微小fissibity 解理，可劈性clvg clesvage 解理，劈理crystal or grain size 晶体形状与颗粒大小texture 结构lstr lustre 光泽silky 丝绢光泽swelling properties 膨胀度，膨胀性solubiling 吸水性accessory mineral 次生矿范例clastic 碎屑岩If the representative samples from the siever have been selected and the percentage of the various constituents have been estimated, then the logical order of the sample description is:如果从筛子中已选出具有代表性的岩样，而且该岩样的各组份含量已估计出，那么该岩样的描述顺序则为：1, ROCK TYPE 岩性，岩石类别2, COLOR 颜色3, HARDNESS 硬度（硬化作用）The common adjectives describing induration are:硬化作用一般的形容描述内容是：dense hard medium-hard soft spongy密集的，硬的，中等坚硬，软的，多孔的friable compact brittle slatey松散的致密的脆的板状的4, GRAIN SIZE 颗粒大小see to figure 2,1.5 （见图表2，1，5）5, GRAIN SHAPE 颗粒形状The only five general classes are considered and defined as following:唯一可考虑的五种一般类别为：sharp angular subangular rounded wellrounded尖棱状棱角状次棱角状磨圆状好的磨圆状6, SORTING 分选作用7, LUSTER 光泽The common used terms of the luster are: 关于光泽一般常使用的词组有：coated pitted frosted deeply etched frosty silky覆盖物坑状物霜状表面深度侵蚀霜状的丝绢光泽oily vitreous glassy shiny translucent earthy油脂光泽透明的玻璃的发亮的半透明的泥土状waxy sooty velety soapy resinous蜡状的乌黑色天鹅绒状肥皂状树脂状8, CEMENTATION 胶结，胶结物calcite dolomite sulfates iron oxides silica pyrite clays silts方解石白云石硫酸盐氧化铁硅质黄铁矿粘土粉砂siderite菱铁矿9, STRUCTURE 构造The structure of sandstone refers to: 砂岩的构造一般是指：laminations fractures fractures patterns banding nodular纹理裂缝裂缝形式条纹结核状The common structures of shales and siltstone are: 页岩和粉砂岩的构造是指：massive lumpy platy laminated foliated fissile块状团块状纹层状薄片状裂片状splintery flakey10, ACCESSORIES 次生矿物The common but minor constituents of sandstones are:常见的砂岩微量次生矿物有：biotite muscovite glauconite pyrite barite siderite chert黑云母白云母海绿石黄铁矿重晶石菱铁矿黑隧石coals solid hydrocarbons fossils煤固态烃化石11, INCLUSIONS 夹杂物gypsum anhydrite chert iron oxides noduies pellets of barite石膏无水石膏黑隧石氧化铁结核体重晶石球pyrite mud oolites coal concretionary materials黄铁矿泥浆鲕状岩煤固结材料Carbonate碳酸盐岩After the lithology of the samples have been selected , the description of the carbonate can be do in the following order:岩样岩性选择好后，碳酸盐岩的描述可依以下顺序进行：1, COLOR 颜色The normal colors of limestones and dolomites are: gray, white, buff, brown石灰岩和白云岩的正常颜色是：灰色，白色，浅黄色，棕色2, GRAIN SIZE 颗粒大小3, CHARACTOR OF GRAINS 颗粒特征Fragments can be described in the same as sand grains:碎屑可和砂岩一样进行描述sharp angular subangular rounded globular spheroidal尖棱角棱角状次棱角状圆状球形扁球形Oolites may be classed as: spheroidal, spherical, elliptical, irregular, flattened鲕粒可分类为：扁球形，球形，椭圆状，不规则状，拉平状4, TEXTURE 结构see to the figure 2.3.4 （参见表2。
英汉沉积学常用词汇
Common V ocabulary of Sedimentology沉积学常用词汇Aabandoned channel 废弃河道abandoned delta 废弃的三角洲ablation breccia 消融角砾岩abrasion terrace 海蚀阶地absolute age 绝对年龄absorpting 吸附性absorption 吸收性abundance of trace element 微量元素丰度abyss(deep sea) 深海abyssal basin 深海盆地abyssal deposit 深海沉积abyssal facies 深海相abyssal ooze 深海软泥abyssal plain 深海平原abyssal subcompensational basin 深海欠补偿盆地accretion ripple 加积波痕accretion topography 加积地形accretional plain 加积平原accumulation terrace 堆积阶地ACD(aragonite compensation depth) 文石补偿深度acicular texture 针状结构acid sialic stage 酸性硅铝阶段active continental margin 活动大陆边缘active crust 活动地壳adhesion ripple 粘附波痕adhesion wart 粘附瘤痕advanced dune 前进沙丘aeolian dune facies 风成沙丘相aeolian ripple marks 风成波痕aeolian rock 风成岩agglomerate 集块岩agglomeratic texture 集块结构agglutinated grain texture 胶粒结构aggradation 加积作用air-heave structure 气胀结构aleuropelitic texture 粉沙泥质结构algal mat 藻席algal mound 藻丘algal ooid 藻鲕algal peloid 藻球粒algal reef 藻礁algal reef limestone 藻礁灰岩alkali lake 碱湖alkali-feldspar 碱性长石allitized stage 铝铁土阶段allochem 异化颗粒allochemical limestone 异化颗粒灰岩allochemical phosphorite 异化磷块岩allochthonous limestone 异地灰岩allochthonous phosphorite 异地磷块岩alluvial apron 冲积裙alluvial facies 冲积相alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial terrace 冲积阶地altered tuff 蚀变凝灰岩ammonoid 菊石类amorphous texture 胶状结构amphibian 两栖动物amygdaloidal structure 杏仁结构anadiagenesis 后生成岩作用analcimolith 方沸石岩analysis of rocks and minerals 岩矿分析angiosperm 被子植物angular 棱角状angular gravel 角砾angular unconformity 角度不整合anhydrite 硬石膏Banhydrock 硬石膏岩anisotropic fabric 异向组构antecedent river 先成河Anthichnium花趾迹antidune cross bedding 逆行沙丘交错层理apatite 磷灰石aphanitic texture 隐晶结构apparent age 表观年龄apposition fabric 同沉积组构aquatolysis 陆解作用aragonite 文石archaeocyathid 古杯类Archaeopteryx始祖鸟Archean Era 太古代Arenicolites沙蚤迹arenite 砂屑岩，净砂岩argillite 泥板岩arid climate 干旱气候arkose 长石砂岩arsenopyrite 毒砂Arthropoda 节肢动物ascending springy 上升泉ash content 灰分ash fragment 灰屑asphalt 地沥青asphalt mound 沥青丘asphaltenes 沥青质assimilation 同化作用asymmetrical ripple 不对称波痕atoll 环礁atmosphere 大气圈aulacogen 拗拉谷authigenic mineral 自生矿物autunite 钙铀云母auxiliary mineral 次要矿物axis 地轴B-C sequence B—C层序back reef facies 礁后相back arc basin 弧后盆地backshore zone 后滨带backshore facies 后滨相back swamp 河漫沼泽back swamp facies 河漫沼泽相backward erosion 向源侵蚀backwash 回流bacteria 细菌bafflestone 障积岩baffling texture 障积结构bahamite 巴哈马石ball and pillow structure 砂球枕构造banded bedding 带状层理banded limestone facies 缎带灰岩相bank reef 堤礁bank seismic facies 滩地震相barchan 新月型沙丘barite 重晶石barrier beach 障壁滩barrier bar 障壁沙坝barrier island 障壁岛barrier island system 障壁岛体系barrier reef 障壁礁，堡礁basal arkose 基底长石砂岩basal cementation 基底式胶结basal conglomerate 底砾岩basalt 玄武岩baselap 底超basement 基底basic rock 基性岩basinal lake 无口湖batholith 岩基bathymetric map 等深线图bauxitic rock 铝土岩bauxitic rocks 铝土岩类bioclast 生物碎屑bayment 海湾bayment sediment 海湾沉积beach 海滩beach conglomerate 滨岸砾岩beach cusp 滩角beach environment and facies 海滩环境和相beach face 滩面beach facies 海滩相beach profile 海滩剖面beach ridge 滩脊beach ridge facies 海滩砂脊相beach rock 海滩岩beach system 海滩体系Beaconites灯塔迹bed 层bed load 床沙载荷bed migration 床沙迁移bed thickness 层厚bedding 层理bedding plane structures 层面构造bedding structures 层理构造bedform 床沙形态benthos 底栖动物beryl 绿柱石biaxial crystal 三轴晶bimodal cross bedding 双向交错层理bimodal current 双向流bimodal distribution 双峰分布binding texture 粘结结构bio-absorption 生物吸附bio-assimilation 生物吸收bio-diagenesis 生物成岩bio-mineralization 生物成矿biochemical deposition 生物化学沉积biochemical transportation 生物化学搬运biochemical weathering 生物化学风化biochron 生物时bioclastic limestone 生物碎屑灰岩bioclastic sparite 亮晶生物碎屑灰岩bioclastic micrite 生物碎屑微晶灰岩biodeposition 生物沉积biofacies 生态相biofacies-paleogeographic map 生物相古地理图biofixation 生物固定bioframework pore 生物骨架孔biogenic lamination structure 生物层理构造biogeochemistry(organic geochemistry) 有机地球化学bioherm 生物层biohermal facies 生物层相biohermal activity 生物活动biohermal community 生物群落biohermal marker 生物标志化合物biohermal trail 生物遗迹biohermal weathering 生物风化biomechanical deposition 生物机械沉积biomechanical transportation 生物机械搬运biophosphorite 生物磷块岩biophysical weathering 生物物理风化biosphere 生物圈biostratigraphic unit 生物地层单位biostratigraphy 生物地层学biosurface 生物面biota 生物群biotite 黑云母bioturbation facies 生物扰动相bioturbation structure 生物扰动构造biozone 生物带bird fecal phosphorite 鸟粪石磷块岩bird-foot delta 鸟足状三角洲birdeye pore 鸟眼孔birdeye structure 鸟眼构造bitter lake 盐湖bitumen 沥青bivalve 双壳类black shale 黑色页岩bladed 叶片状blister mat 泡状藻席blue-green algae(cyanophyte) 蓝绿藻body fossils 实体化石boehmite 一水软铝石boehmitic rock 一水铝土岩boghead coal 藻煤boracite 方硼石borax 硼砂boring 生物钻孔bottom cast 底模bottom current 底流bottom current facies 底流相bottom mark 底痕bottom moraine facies 底积相bottom reef facies 礁底相bottom set 底积层boulder 漂砾boulder conglomerate 漂砾砾岩Bouma sequence 鲍马层序boundstone 粘结岩brachiopod 腕足动物brackish-water lake 半咸水湖braid index 游荡性指数braided river 辫状河breaker zone 碎浪带breccia 角砾岩broken stage 破碎阶段brown algae 褐藻bruise 撞痕brush cast 刷模bryophyte 苔藓植物bryozoan 苔藓虫类bubble impression 泡沫痕buildup 岩隆bulkrock analysis 全岩分析burrow 潜穴CC14 age method C14法caking property 粘结性calcarenite 砂屑灰岩calcarenitic texture 砂屑结构calcareous cement 钙质胶结物calcareous concretion 钙质结核calcareous quartzarenite 钙质石英岩calcareous shale 钙质页岩calcarenaceous turbidite facies 钙屑浊积岩相calcilutite 泥屑灰岩calcilutic texture 泥屑结构calcirudite 砾屑灰岩calcirutidic texture 砾屑结构calcisiltic texture 粉屑结构calcisiltite 粉屑灰岩calcite 方解石Caledonian movement 加里东运动caliche 钙结岩Cambrian Period 寒武纪cap reef facies 礁盖相capillary action dolomitization 毛细管浓缩白云化作用caprock 盖层captured river 袭夺河carbonhydrate 碳水化合物carbon isotope 碳同位素carbonaceous shale 炭质页岩carbonate flysch suite 碳酸盐岩复理石建造carbonate grain 碳酸盐颗粒carbonate minerals 碳酸盐矿物carbonate platform 碳酸盐台地carbonate rocks 碳酸盐岩类carbonatite 碳酸岩Carboniferous Period 石炭纪carnallite 光卤石cast solution pore 铸模孔cataclasite 碎裂岩catagenesis 后生作用catagenetic concretion 后生结核catagenetic conglomerate 后生砾岩catagenetic dolostone 后生白云岩catagenetic mineral 后生矿物catastrophism 灾变论cathodoluminescence analysis 阴极发光分析cave deposit 洞穴沉积cave-collapse breccia 洞穴塌陷角砾岩CCD(calcite compensation depth) 方解石补偿深度CDT scale CDT标准Ce anomaly 铈异常celestine 天青石cement 胶结物cement textures 胶结物结构cementation 胶结作用cementing zone 胶结带Cenozoic Era 新生代center of subsidence 沉降中心cephalopoda 头足类chalcedony 玉髓chalk 白垩chalk carbonate suite 白垩碳酸岩建造chamosite 鲕绿泥石channel-fill facies 河道充填相channel bar 心滩chaotic carbonate facies 异地碳酸盐相chaotic sediment 混杂沉积物charophyte 轮藻chemical analysis 化学分析chemical composition analysis 化学成分分析chemical sedimentary deposit 化学沉积矿床chemical sedimentary differentiation 化学沉chemical structures 化学成因构造chemical weathering 化学风化chenier facies 千尼尔相chert 燧石岩chevron mark 锯齿痕chicken wire structure 鸡笼铁丝网构造Chirotherium掌趾迹chlorite 绿泥石Chondrichthyes 软骨鱼类Chondrites均分潜迹chronostratigraphic unit 年代地层单位chronostratigraphy 年代地层学chute 串沟chute cut-off 串沟截直cirque 冰斗classic tectonics 经典大地构造学clast 碎屑clastic material 碎屑物质clastic composition analysis 碎屑成分分析clastic mineral 碎屑矿物clastic model 碎屑模型clastic texture 碎屑结构clay 粘土clay mineral 粘土矿物claystone 粘土岩climate 气候climatic arkose 气候长石砂岩climbing ripple 爬生波痕climbing ripple cross lamination 爬升沙纹层理clot 凝块石cluster analysis 聚类分析CM plot C-M图coal 煤coal geology 煤田地质学coal-accumulating process 聚煤作用coal-forming process 成煤作用积分异coalification 煤化作用coaly monoterrigenous suite 单陆屑含煤建造coarse conglomerate 粗砾岩coarse sand 粗砂coarse silt 粗粉砂coarse siltstone 粗粉砂岩coast 海岸coast line 岸线coastal bay system 湾岸体系coastal lake area 滨湖区coastal lake facies 滨湖相coastal plain 海岸平原coastal reef 岸礁coastal topography 海岸地形coated grain 包粒coated grain phosphorite 包粒磷块岩cobble 粗砾coccolith 颗石藻cock’s comb structure 鸡冠状构造coefficient of the distribution 分配系数Coelenterata 腔肠动物coking coal 焦煤coking property 结焦性cold climate 寒冷气候cold water carbonate 冷水碳酸盐collapse breccia 滑塌角砾央colloform mat 胶状藻席colloid solution 胶体溶液collophane 胶磷矿compaction 压实作用complex delta 复合三角洲compositional maturity 成分成熟度compound ooid 复鲕compound ripple 复合波痕compound structures 复合成因构造comprehensive terms 综合术语concave flood plain 河漫滩condensed section 凝缩层cone-in-cone structure 叠锥构造conformity 整合conglomerate 砾岩conglomerates 砾岩类connecting texture 连生构造conodont 牙形石类consequent river 顺向河consolidation 固结作用constructive delta 建设性三角洲contact cementation 接触式胶结contact metamorphism 接触变质contemporaneous concretion 同生结核contemporaneous conglomerate 同生砾岩continental crust 陆壳continental drift hypothesis 大陆漂移说continental glacier 大陆冰川continental growth 大陆增生continental rift 大陆裂谷continental rise 陆隆continental slope 陆坡contour current 等深流contourite 等深积岩（等深岩）contourite drift等深岩丘contourite facies 等深积岩相convergent margin 会聚边缘convolute bedding 包卷层理coppery carbonate rock 含铜碳酸盐岩coppery conglomerate 含铜砾岩coppery rock 铜质岩coppery rocks 铜质岩类coppery sandstone 含铜砂岩coppery shale 含铜页岩coquina 介壳灰岩coral 珊瑚coral reef 珊瑚礁concavo-convex contact 凹凸接触concretion 结核coral reef limestone 珊瑚礁灰岩coral reef facies 礁核相correlative analysis 相关分析coset 层系组Cosmorhaphe丽线迹country rock 围岩cover 盖层crack 裂隙crater lake 火口湖cratonic basin 克拉通盆地crawling trail 爬行迹CRER(Cretaceous Events and Rhythms) 白垩纪事件与韵律Cretaceous Period 白垩纪crevasse splay 决口扇crevasse-splay facies 决口扇相Crinoid 海百合类cristobalite 方英石cross bedding 交错层理cross bedding orientation 交错层理定向crude oil 原油Cruziana克鲁兹迹Cruziana assemblage 克鲁兹迹组合cryptograin texture 隐粒结构Cryptozoic Eon 隐生宙crystal cast 晶体印模crystal fragment 晶屑crystal grain texture 晶粒结构crystal optics 晶体光学crystal tuff 晶屑凝灰岩crystallized ooid 变晶鲕crystalline dolostone 结晶白云岩crystalline granular texture 晶粒结构crystallization differentiation 结晶分异作用crystallo petrology 结晶岩石学crystalloblastic texture 变晶结构cumulative frequency curve 频率累积曲线current ripple cross lamination 流水沙纹层理current rose 流水玫瑰花图curty bedding 卷曲层理curved ripple 扭曲波痕cuspate delta 鸟嘴状三角洲cut-off 裁弯取直cutoff basin 封闭盆地cycle sequence 旋回层序cyclostratigraphy 旋回地层学Cylindrichnus柱管迹Cylindricum柱形迹Ddammed lake 堰塞湖damp climate 潮湿气候debris flow 泥石流debris flow facies 泥石流相decomposition 分解作用dedolomitization 去白云化作用deep lake area 深湖区deep lake facies 深湖相deep water lagoon 深水泻湖deep-water basin 深水盆地deep-water environment 深水环境deep-water shelf 深水陆棚deep-water system 深水沉积体系deformation 变形deformation fabric 形变结构degradation 降解作用degypsification 去膏化作用dehydration 脱水作用delta 三角洲delta environment and facies 三角洲环境和相delta front 三角洲前缘delta lobate 三角洲叶状体cumulative probability curve 概率累积曲线current mark 流痕current ripple 流水流痕delta plain 三角洲平原delta plain facies 三角洲平原相delta system 三角洲体系deluvial facies 坡积相deluvial zone 坡积带density current 密度流denudation 剥蚀作用depocenter 沉积中心depositional bauxitic rock 沉积型铝土岩depositional cycle 沉积旋回depositional plain 沉积平原depositional system 沉积体系depositional system analysis 沉积体系分析desert 沙漠desert environment and facies 沙漠环境和相desert facies 沙漠相desert lake 沙漠湖泊desert lake facies 沙漠湖泊相desert system 沙漠体系desert varnish 沙漠漆destructive delta 破坏性三角洲determination of rocks and minerals 岩矿鉴定deviation ooid 偏心鲕development in sedimentology 沉积学进展Devonian Period 泥盆纪diagenesis 成岩作用diagenetic concretion 成岩结核diagenetic conglomerate 成岩砾岩diagenetic crack 成岩裂隙diagenetic dolostone 成岩白云岩diagenetic environment 成岩环境diagenetic mineral 成岩矿物diagenetic trap 成岩圈闭diagonal bar 斜列沙坝diagonal bedding 斜层理diamictite 混积岩diapiric structure 底辟构造diatom 硅藻diatom ooze 硅藻软泥diatomite 硅藻岩diatreme breccia 爆发角砾岩dickite 地开石Dictyodora网锥迹differential thermal analysis 差热分析differential weathering 差异风化Dikaka双叉迹dike 岩脉Dinosaur 恐龙dip 倾向Diplichnites双趾迹Diplocraterion双环迹direct runoff 地表径流dirty sandstone 脏砂岩discriminant analysis 判别分析dish structure 盘状构造disorganized 乱杂型disorganized bedding 紊乱层理dispersal system 分散系dissected basin 切割盆地dissolution 溶解dissolved load 溶解载荷dissolved material 溶解物质dissolving zone 溶解带distal bar 远砂坝distal bar facies 远砂坝相distal facies 远源相distal fan 外扇distal onlap 远端上超distal turbidite 远源浊积岩distorted ooid 变形鲕distributary 分流diara 沙洲diaspore 一水硬铝石diastem 沉积停顿diatactive varve 粒度递变纹泥distributary backswamp facies 分流河道河漫沼泽相distributary channel 分流河道distributary channel facies 分流河道相distributary levee facies 分流河道堤岸相distributary mouth bar 河口砂坝distributary mouth bar facies 河口砂坝相distribution of REE 稀土元素分配distribution of trace element 微量元素分配distrophic lake 缺养湖disturbed bedding 扰动层理dolarenite 砂屑白云岩doll concretion 钙结核dololaminite 纹层状白云岩dololutite 泥屑白云岩dolomicrite 微晶白云岩dolomite 白云石dolomitic limestone 云灰岩dolomitic phosphorite 白云质磷块岩dolomitization 白云石化作用dolomitized limestone 白云化灰岩dolorudite 砾屑白云岩dolosiltite 粉屑白云岩dolostone 白云岩dolostone evaporite suite 白云岩型蒸发岩建造dolostones 白云岩类domelike stromatolite 穹状叠层石dorag dolomitization 混合白云化作用double mud drapes 双粘土层downcutting 下切作用downlap 下超downslope ripple 下移波痕draa 臂状沙丘drainage basin 流域drainage system 水系drift dam 冰碛坝dune facies 沙丘相dwelling trail 居住迹Eearly diagenesis 早期成岩作用earth 地球ea rth’s core地核e arth’s crust地壳e arth’s mantle地幔Echinoderm 棘皮动物Echinoid 海胆类ecology 生态学economic geology 经济地质学edgewise structure 竹叶状构造effusive rock 喷出岩Eh value Eh值electronic probe analysis 电子探针分析elevated crust 抬生地壳eluvial breccia 残积角砾岩eluvial facies 残积相eluvial zone 残积带embayment 海湾enclosed sea 封闭海end moraine facies 终冰碛相end peneplain 终期准平原endobiont 内栖动物endogenetic sediments 内成沉积物endogenic deposit 内生矿床endorheic basin 内流盆地Eocene Epoch 始新世eolian basin 风蚀盆地eolian cross bedding 风成交错层理eolian dune 风成沙丘drift plain 冰碛平原drowned platform 沉没台地drowned valley 溺谷drusy texture 丛生结构dune 沙丘eolianite 风成岩eonothem 宇epeiric sea 陆表海epibionts 底表生物epidiagenesis 表生成岩作用epidiagenetic environment 表生成岩环境epigenesis 表生作用epigenetic concretion 表生结核epigenetic deposit 后生矿床epiglyph 顶面痕epimatrix 外杂基epoch of mineralization 成矿期epsilon cross bedding ε交错层理epsomite 泻利盐equant 等轴状erathem 界erosion 侵蚀作用erosional basis 侵蚀基准面erosional plain 侵蚀平原erosional terrace 侵蚀阶地erosional topography 侵蚀地形escape structure 逃逸构造esker 蛇形丘essential mineral 主要矿物estuarine facies 河口湾相estuary 河口湾ething mark 刻蚀痕eugeosyncline 优地槽euryhaline environment 广盐度环境euryhaline lagoon 广盐泻湖euryhaline organism 广盐性生物eurythermal organism 广温性生物eutrophic lake 兹养湖evaporation 蒸发作用evaporite 蒸发岩evaporite platform 蒸发盐台地evaporite-solution breccia 盐溶角砾岩experimental sedimentology 实验沉积学explanation for orientation 定向解释Ffabric 组构fabric of carbonate rock 碳酸盐岩组构fabric of claystone 粘土岩组构facies 相facies arrangement 相排列facies association 相组合facies belt 相带facies change 相变facies fossil 指相化石facies group 相组facies map 相图facies mineral 指相矿物facies model 相模式facies province 相区facies sequence 相序列fan-shaped delta 扇形三角洲faro 小环礁fault 断层fault basin 断陷盆地fauna 动物群fecal peloid 粪球粒feeding trail 进食迹feldspar 长石feldsparthic litharenite 长石岩屑砂岩feldsparthic quartzarenite 长石石英砂岩felty structure 毡状构造fenestral structure 窗孔构造ferroalumino suite 铝土铁质建造evaporites 蒸发岩类evaporitive pumping dolomitization 蒸发泵白云化作用excrement 排泄物exinite 壳质组exogenetic sediments 表成沉积物ferrodolomite 铁白云石ferromanganese concretion 铁锰结核ferruginous cement 铁质胶结物ferruginous quartzarenite 铁质石英砂岩ferruginous rocks 铁质岩类ferruginous rock 铁质岩ferruginous shale 铁质页岩fibrous texture 纤状构造filled valley 冲淤谷filled-lake plain 淤积湖平原film mat 薄膜状藻席film texture 薄膜结构fine conglomerate 细砾岩fine sand 细砂fine silt 细粉砂fine siltstone 细粉砂岩finger bar 指状砂坝firth 三角港fixed dune 固定沙丘flame structure 火焰构造flaser bedding 脉状层理flat bedding 平坦层理flat mat 平坦藻席flocculation 聚沉作用，絮凝作用flocculation by condensation 浓缩聚沉flocculation by electrolyte 电解质聚沉flood 洪水flooded lake 河漫湖flooded lake facies 河漫湖泊相floodplain 洪积平原floodplain facies 洪积平原相flora 植物群flow system 流动系fluid 流体fluid dynamics 流体动力学fluidized sediment flow 液化沉积物流flume experiment 水槽实验fluival-dominated delta 河控三角洲fluxoturbidite 滑塌浊积岩flysch 复理石flysch facies 复理石相flyschoid 类复理石flysch suite 复理石建造foliaton 叶理footprint 足印foraminifera reef limestone 有孔虫礁灰岩Foraminiferan 有孔虫类fore reef facies 礁前相forearc basin 弧前盆地foredeep basin 前渊盆地foreland basin 前陆盆地foreset 前积层foreshore facies 前滨相foreslope facies 前缘斜坡相forslope of platform 台地前缘斜坡formation 组fossil 化石fossil microtextures 生物显微结构fossil orientation 化石定向framework grain 骨粒francolite 碳氟磷灰石freeze thaw weathering 冻融风化frequency curve 频率曲线fresh water dolomitization 淡水白云石化作用fresh water dolostone 淡水白云岩fresh-water lake 淡水湖freshened lagoon 淡化泻湖freshening environment 淡化环境fluorescence analysis 荧光分析fluorite 萤石fluroapatite 氟磷灰石flute cast 槽模flute cast orientation 槽模定向fluival environment and facies 河流环境和相fluival system 冲积体系front moraine facies 前积相front sand sheet facies 前缘席状砂相frost weathering 寒冻风化frost 霜面Froude’s Number福劳德数fusulinid蜓类fungi 真菌Gganister 致密硅岩Gastropod 腹足类gelatinous mat 凝胶状藻席gelatinous phosphorite 胶状磷块岩geochemical methods 地球化学方法geochronologic scale 地质年代表geological record 地质记录geomorphologic unit 地貌单元geomorphology 地貌学geopetal structure 示底构造geophysical methods 地球物理方法geosuture 地缝合线geosyncline 地槽giant ripple 巨波痕gibbsite 三水铝石gibbsitic rock 三水铝土岩Gilbert type delta 吉尔伯特型三角洲glacial climate 冰川气候glacial environment and facies 冰川环境和相glacial erratics 冰川漂砾glacial morphology 冰川地貌glacial system 冰川体系glacial tongue 冰舌glacial valley 冰蚀谷glacier 冰川glaciodelta 冰成三角洲glaciodelta facies 冰成三角洲相glaciofluvial environment 冰川冲积环境global climate change 全球气候变迁global rhythm and event 全球韵律和事件global sea level fluctuation 全球海平面升降global sedimentary geology program 全球沉积地质计划global sedimentology 全球沉积学global volcanism 全球火山作用globigerina ooze 抱球虫软泥gneiss 片麻岩gobi 戈壁gobi facies 戈壁相Gondwana 冈瓦纳古陆Gondwana land bridge 冈瓦纳陆桥grade scale 粒级标准graded bedding 粒序层理grain dolostone 颗粒白云岩grain flow 颗粒流grain index 颗粒指数grain limestone 颗粒灰岩grain orientation 颗粒定向grain phosphorite 粒屑磷块岩grain size 粒度grain size analysis 粒度分析grain size distribution 粒度分布grain size parameter 粒度参数grain supported 颗粒支撑grainstone 颗粒岩granite 花岗岩granular texture 粒状结构granule 细砾glaciofluvial facies 冰水冲积相glaciofluvial terrace 冰水阶地glaciolacustrine environment 冰川湖泊环境glaciolacutrine facies 冰川湖泊相glaciomarine environment 冰海环境glaciomarine facies 冰海相glauconite 海绿石glauconitic quartzarenite 海绿石石英砂岩grapestone 葡萄石graptolite 笔石类gravel 砾gravel fabric 砾石组构gravity cementation 重力胶结gravity flow 重力流greywacke 灰瓦克岩，硬砂岩，杂砂岩grazing trail 觅食迹green algae(chorophyte) 绿藻grey biterrigenous suite 灰色复陆屑建造graywacke (greywacke) 硬砂岩greywacke suite 杂砂岩建造groove cast 沟模group 群growth fabric 生长组构guide fossil 标志化石guyot 海底平顶山Gymnosperm 裸子植物gypsolith 石膏岩gypsum 石膏gypsum evaporite suite 膏盐型蒸发岩建造Hhail print 雹痕halides 卤化物halite 石盐halloysite 埃洛石halmyrolysis 海解作用hardground structure 硬底构造heating stage 显微镜热台heavy mineral 重矿物heavy mineral analysis 重矿物分析Helminthoida蠕形迹Helminthopsis拟蠕形迹helocline 盐度跃层hematite 赤铁矿hematitic rock 赤铁岩high water level 高潮面high-angle cross bedding 高角度交错层理high-density current 高密度流high-energy ooid 高能鲕high-magnesian calcite 高镁方解石high-rank sandstone 高级杂砂岩high-sinuosity river 高弯度河highmoor peat 高沼泥炭highstand system tract 高水位体系域hill 丘陵histogram 直方图history of sedimentology 沉积学史Holocene Epoch 全新世homopycnal flow 等密度流honey comb structure 蜂窝状构造horizontal bedding 水平层理host rock 主岩hot sping 热泉hot water dolomitization 热水白云石化作用hot water sedimentary rock 热水沉积岩hot water sedimentation 热水沉积作用HREE 重稀土元素humic acid 腐殖酸humic substance 腐殖质humic-type kerogen 腐殖型干酪根huminite 腐殖组hummocky cross bedding 丘状交错层理hybrid sediments 混合沉积物hydrated zone 水合带hemipelagic carbonate facies 半远洋碳酸盐相hemipelagic environment 半远洋环境hemipelagic facies model 半远洋相模式hermatypic coral 造礁珊瑚herringbone cross bedding 羽状交错层理heulanditic rock 片沸石岩hiatus 沉积间断high moor 高位沼泽hydration 水合作用hydrocarbon 烃hydrogen isotope 氢同位素hydrolysis 水解作用hydrolysis zone 水解带hydrosphere 水圈hydrothermal deposit 热液矿床hydrothermally cemented rock 热泉胶结岩Hyolithid 软舌螺类hypabyssal rock 浅成岩hypergenic mineral 表生矿物Iice crystal cast 冰晶模ice sheet 冰盖ichnology 遗迹学ideal section 理想剖面igneous petrology 火成岩石学igneous rock 火成岩illite 伊利石imbricated structure 叠瓦构造illite claystone 伊利石粘土岩immersion method 油浸法immersion oil 浸油indentation 凹坑index fossil 标准化石index of meandering 曲流指数index of sinuosity 弯度指数indication of oil and gas 油气显示Indo-China movement 印支运动inertinite 惰性组infrared absorption spectrum analysis 红外光谱分析injective structure 注入构造inland basin 内陆盆地inland drainage 内陆水系inland sabkha 内陆萨勃哈interference colour 干涉色interference ripple 干涉波痕interference figure 干涉图interformational conglomerate 层间砾岩intergranular pore 粒间孔intergranular solution pore 粒间溶孔interlayered bedding 互层层理intermittent suspended load 间歇悬浮载荷intermontane basin 山间盆地internal tide 内潮汐internal-tide deposits 内潮汐沉积internal wave 内波internal-wave deposits 内波沉积International Association of Sedimentologists (IAS) 国际沉积学家协会International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) 国际地科联interstitial water 孔隙水interstitial material 填隙物interstitial zone 潮间带intra-arc basin 弧内盆地intrabasinal environment and facies 内源沉积环境和相intrabasinal lake 盆内湖intrabasinal rock 盆内岩intrabasinal sediment 内源沉积物intraclast 内碎屑intraclastic limestone 内碎屑灰岩inland sabkha facies 内陆萨勃哈相inner bar 内沙坝inner bar facies 内沙坝相inner shelf 内陆棚inner shelf facies 内陆棚相inter-reef facies 礁间相interarc basin 弧间盆地intercalated beds 隔层intercontinental rift 陆间裂谷interdistributary bay 分流间湾intraclastic phosphorite 内碎屑磷灰岩intracratonic basin 克拉通内盆地intraformational breccia 层内角砾岩intragranular pore 粒内孔intragranular solution pore 粒内溶孔intramicrite 内碎屑微晶灰岩intramontane basin 山间盆地intrasparite 内碎屑亮晶灰岩iinverse graded bedding 逆粒序层理ion absorption 离子吸附作用ion exchange 离子交换作用isolated platform 孤立台地isolated ripple 孤立波痕isolithic map 等岩性图isopach cementation 等厚环边胶结isopachous map 等厚线图Isopodichnus等趾迹isotope abundance 同位素丰度isotope composition 同位素组成isotope dating 同位素定年isotope fractionation 同位素分馏isotope fractionation factor 同位素分馏系数isotope ratio 同位素比值isotope standard 同位素标准isotopic age 同位素年龄isotopic geochemistry 同位素地球化学isotropic fabric 等向组构Jjasper rock 碧玉岩jasper suite 碧石建造Jurassic Period 侏罗纪Kkame 冰碛kaolinic claystone 高岭石粘土岩kaolinite 高岭石lacustrine system 湖泊体系lag facies 滞留相lagoon 泻湖lagoon facies 泻湖相lake delta 湖泊三角洲lake delta facies 湖泊三角洲相lamellar fibrous texture 层纤结构lamina 细层laminar flow 层流laminated texture 片状结构landslide 滑坡late diagenesis 晚期成岩作用lateral accretion 侧向加积lateral erosion 侧向侵蚀lateral facies change 侧向相变laterite 红土lateritic bauxitic rock 红土型铝土岩laterized stage 红土阶段lattice structure 晶格状构造lava fragment 浆屑layered moraine 层状冰积物leaching zone 淋滤带legend 图例lenticular bedding 透镜状层理lenticulite 扁豆状熔灰岩levee facies 堤岸相Liesegang banding 李泽冈环karst breccia 岩溶角砾岩karst lake 岩溶湖karst morphology 岩溶地貌kerogen 干酪根kidney-like hematitic rock 肾状赤铁岩kidney-shaped texture 肾状结构knob and tail mark 丘尾痕kurtosis 尖度Llacustrine 湖泊的，湖成的lime clast 灰屑lime dolostone 灰云岩lime mud 灰泥lime mudstone 灰泥岩lime-mud matrix 灰泥基质lime-mud mound 灰泥丘limestone 石灰岩limestones 灰岩类limnic basin 陆相含煤盆地limnogenic rock 淡水沉积岩limonite 褐铁矿limonite rock 褐铁岩linear contact 线接触linear sand bar 线形砂坝lineation 线理link single crystal texture 连生单晶结构litharenite 岩屑砂岩lithic arkose 岩屑长石砂岩lithic fragment 岩石碎屑lithic graywacke 岩屑杂砂岩lithic quartzarenite 岩屑石英砂岩lithic tuff 岩屑凝灰岩lithofacies 岩相lithofacies map 岩相图lithofication 石化作用lithoherm 岩礁lithologic column 岩性柱状图lithologic section 岩性剖面lithosphere 岩石圈lithostratigraphic unit 岩性地层单位lithostratigraphy 岩石地层学lithotype 煤岩类型littoral dune 沿岸沙丘littoral zone 滨海带load cast 重荷模lobate bedding 叶状层理loess 黄土low-angle cross bedding 低角度交错层理low-density current 低密度流low-density turbidity current 低密度浊流low-rank sandstone 低级杂砂岩low-sinuosity river 低弯度河lower flow regime 下部流态lowsand system tract 低水位体系域LREE 轻稀土元素lump 团块lump limestone 团块灰岩lump micrite limestone 团块微晶灰岩lump phosphorite 团块磷块岩lump sparite limestone 亮晶团块灰岩Mmacroclastic rock 粗碎屑岩macrofossil 大化石macroid 大包粒magma 岩浆magmatic deposit 岩浆矿床magmatic rock 岩浆岩magmatism 岩浆作用magnesite 菱镁矿magnetic element 地磁要素magnetic pole 地磁极magnetic pole wandering 地磁极游移loess concretion 黄土结核loess facies 黄土相loess field 黄土原logging 测井lognormal distribution 对数正态分布longitudinal bar 纵向砂坝longitudinal section 纵剖面longshore bar 沿岸砂坝longshore current 沿岸流Lophocteniun菊瓣迹low moor 低位沼泽low water level 低潮面magnetic stratigraphy 磁性地层学magnetite 磁铁矿magnetitic rock 磁铁岩main river 干流mammal 哺乳动物manganiferous carbonate rock 锰质碳酸盐岩manganiferous claystone 锰质粘土岩manganiferous concretion 锰结核manganiferous concretional rock 锰质结核岩manganiferous rock 锰质岩manganiferous rocks 锰质岩类manganiferous siliceous rock 锰质硅质岩manganiferous clastic rock 锰质碎屑岩manganite 水锰矿mantle convection 地幔对流marchasite 白铁矿marginal platform 边缘台地marginal sea 陆缘海marine bench 海蚀台marine cliff 海蚀崖marine diagenetic environment 海水成岩环境marine drift 漂流marine environment and facies 海洋环境和相marine facies 海相marine phreatic zone 海水潜流带marine salina 滨海盐沼marine vadose zone 海水渗流带Markov chain analysis 马尔可夫链分析marl 泥灰岩marsh 沼泽marsh environment and facies 沼泽环境和相massive bedding 块状层理massive flow 块体流matrix 杂基matrix supported 杂基支撑maturity analysis 成熟度分析maturity index 成熟度指数mechanical transportation and deposition 机械搬运和沉积medial moraine facies 中碛相median grain size 中值粒度Mediterranean sea 地中海medium conglomerate 中粒砾岩medium of transportation and sedimenation 搬运和沉积介质medium sand 中砂megaripple 大波痕meltout till 融出碛member 段meniscus cementation 新月形胶结Merostomichnites肢口迹Mesozoic Era 中生代metallic mineral 金属矿物metallic ore 金属矿产metallogenetic epoch 成矿时代metallogenic belt 成矿带metallogenic province 成矿区metamorphic age 变质年龄metamorphic belt 变质带metamorphic deposit 变质矿床metamorphic facies 变质相metamorphic grade 变质程度。
地质专业词汇中英文对照
地质专业词汇中英文对照一、地层stratigraphy宇eonothem界erathem系system统series阶stage群group组formation段member显生宇Phaneozoic Eonothem 元古宇Proterozoic Eonothem 太古宇Archaean Eonothem新生界Cenozoic Erathem第四系Quaternary System全新统Holocene Series更新统Pleistocene Series 第三系Tertiary System晚第三系Neogene System上新统Pliocene Series中新统Miocene Series早第三系Paleogene System渐新统Oligocene Series始新统Eocene Series古新统Paleocene Series中生界Mesozoic Erathem白垩系Cretaceous System侏罗系Jurassic System三叠系triassic System古生界Paleozoic Erathem二叠系Permian System石炭系Carboniferous System泥盆系Devonian System志留系Silurian System奥陶系Ordovician System寒武系Cambrian System新元古界Neoproterozoic Erathem震旦系Sinian System中元古界Mesoproterozoic Erathem 古元古界Palaeoproterozoic Erathem 地层对比stratigraphic correlation 层位horizon标志层key bed哑层barren bed缺失lacuna尖灭feather edge透镜状结构lensoid连续continuity不连续discontinuity整合conformity不整合unconformity角度不整合angular unconformity平行不整合para-unconformity产状occurrence走向strike倾角dip真倾角true dip视倾角apparent dip倾伏角plunge侧倾角pitch层理bedding层面bedding planes交错层理cross bedding二、岩性lithology粘土clay粉质粘土silty clay砂sand砾石gravel沉积岩sedimentary rock火成岩igneous rock变质岩metamorphic rock粘土岩claystone, clay rock页岩shale泥岩mudstone粉砂岩siltstone泥质粉砂岩argillaceous siltstone, pelitic siltstone, muddy siltstone砂岩sandstone泥质砂岩argillaceous sandstone, pelitic sandstone, muddy sandstone砾岩conglomerate煤coal灰岩limestone泥灰岩marl, marlstone白云岩dolomite蒸发岩evaporite岩浆岩magmatic rock, magmatite 花岗岩granite玄武岩basalt凝灰岩tuff大理岩marble片麻岩gneiss夕卡岩skarn三、矿物mineral 石英quartz长石feldspar云母mica白云母muscovite 方解石calcspar角闪石hornblende 石膏gypsum硬石膏anhydrite 石盐rock salt钾石盐sylvine光卤石carnallite溢晶石tachydrite 水氯镁石bischofite 四、颜色colour灰色gray白色white黄色yellow蓝色blue绿色green黑色black红色red棕色brown黄褐色tan深色dark浅色light暗色dull五、构造tectonics 断层fault正断层normal fault逆断层reverse fault冲断层thrust走滑断层strike-slip fault 倾滑断层dip-slip fault 断层面fault surface断层线fault line地垒horst地堑graben节理joint上盘hanging wall下盘foot wall落差throw平错heave断层泥fault gouge断层角砾fault brecci海侵transgression海退regression褶曲fold背斜anticline向斜syncline褶轴fold axis轴隆区culmination轴陷区depression翼limb穹窿dome盆地basin六、水文地质hydrologic geology河流river水库reservoir泉spring地表水surface water地下水groundwater大气降水atmospheric precipitation潜水phreatic water承压水confined water层间水interstrated water地下水位groundwater level含水层aquifer, water bearing layer隔水层aquiclude, water-resisting layer 弱含水层aquitard透水层permeable bed孔隙含水层porous aquifer裂隙含水层fissured aquifer岩溶含水层karst aquifer无压含水层unconfined aquifer承压含水层confined aquifer含水岩组water-bearing formation 含水岩系water-bearing rock series 持水度water-holding capacity给水度specific yield透水性permeability富水性water yield property溶洞karst cave孔隙水pore water裂隙水fissure water岩溶水karst water补给区recharge area径流区runoff area排泄区discharge area地下径流underground runoff地下水排泄groundwater discharge降水补给precipitation recharge地表水补给surface water recharge越流补给leakage recharge水文地质单元hydrogeological unit地下水赋存条件 groundwater occurrence水文地质条件hydrogeological condition 水文地质类型hydrogeological type地下水储存量groundwater storage地下水监测groundwater monitoring抽水试验pumping test注水试验injection test入渗试验Infiltration test水文调查hydrologic investigation渗透系数osmotic coefficient矿床充水flooding of ore deposit矿床充水条件flooding condition of ore deposit矿床充水水源Water source of ore deposit flooding 矿床充水通道flooding passage in ore deposit充水岩层flooding layer老窿水goaf water矿坑涌水量water yield of mine正常涌水量normal water yield最大涌水量maximum water yield大井法Large diameter well method开采疏干simultaneous draining in mining地下疏干underground draining地表疏干surface draining疏干钻孔drain well疏干巷道draining tunnel矿井突水water bursting in mines突水点water bursting point防水矿柱ore pillar preventing water burst矿井堵水water blocking in mines探水钻孔water exploration borehole注浆孔grouting well最高洪水位maximum flood level七、工程地质egineering geology顶板roof顶板稳定性roof stability顶板冒落带caving zone of top wall顶板裂隙带fissure zone of top wall顶板管理roof control顶板支护roof support顶板崩落collapse of roof底板floor, footwall底鼓footwall heaving岩石物理性质physical properties of rock岩石力学性质mechanical properties of rock 抗压强度compressive strength抗拉强度tensile strength岩爆rock burst软弱结构面weak structural plane工程地质条件engineering geologic condition 八、环境地质environmental geology岩崩rock fall滑坡landslide泥石流mud-rock flow地震earthquake地面沉降subsidence地面开裂land crack地面塌陷ground surface collapse塌陷坑collapse pit地下水污染groundwater pollution地表水污染surface water pollution污染源pollution source地下水资源枯竭 groundwater resource depletion地下水质恶化deterioration of groundwater quality 九、资源/储量resource/reserve矿产资源mineral resources储量reserves基础储量reserve base资源量resources可采储量proved reserves预可采储量probable reserves探明的measured控制的indicated推断的inferred预测的prognostic远景储量prospective reserves经济的economic边际经济的marginally economic次经济的subeconomic内蕴经济的intrinsically economic矿石ore矿层ore bed矿床ore deposit矿块ore block矿柱ore pillar, ore column矿石品位ore grade富矿体ore shoot, ore course 贫矿poor ore。
沉积相词汇
沉积相词汇沉积学sedimentology沉积物sediment沉积岩sedimentary rock沉积作用sedimentation,deposition沉积分异作用sedimentary differentiation沉积旋回sedimentary cycle,depositional-cycle同生作用syngenesis成岩作用diagenesis后生作用(又称晚期成岩作用)epigenesist,catagenesis 变生作用(曾用名深变作用)metagenesis碎屑岩clastic rock,detrital rock砂岩sandstone粉砂岩siltstone砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock,volcanoclastic rock碳酸盐岩carbonate rock石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite,dolostone泥灰岩marl粘土岩claystone泥质岩argillite泥岩mudstone页岩shale蒸发岩evaporite盐岩salt rock可燃有机岩caustobiolith沉积中心depocenter沉降中心subsiding center岩相古地理lithofacies palaeogeography沉积环境sedimentary enviroment沉积体系sedimentary system,depositional system沉积相sedimentary facies岩相lithofacies生物相biofacies地球化学相geochemical facies相标志facies marker相模式facies model相分析facies analysis山麓洪积相piedmont pluvial facies碎屑流沉积debris flow deposit泥石流沉积mud-debris flow deposit冲积扇相alluvial fan facies河流相fluvial facies辩状河沉积braided stream deposit曲流河沉积meandering stream deposit网状河沉积anastomosed stream deposit河床滞留沉积channel-lag deposit凸岸坝沉积(又称“点砂坝沉积”、“边滩沉积”)poit bar deposit 心滩沉积mid-channel bar deposit天然堤沉积natural levee deposit决口扇沉积crevasse-splay deposit废弃河道沉积abandoned channel deposit牛轭湖沉积oxbow lake deposit河漫滩沉积(又称洪泛平原沉积)flood-plain deposit侧向加积lateral accretion垂向加积vertical accretion湖泊相lacustrine facies盐湖相salt-lake facies冰川相glacial facies沙漠相desert facies风成沉积eolian deposit海相marine facies深海相abyssal facies半深海相bathyal facies浅海相neritic facies浅海陆架相neritic shelf facies滨海相littoral facies陆相nonmarine facies,continental facies海岸沙丘coastal dune内陆沙丘interior dune沙漠沙丘desert dune正常浪基面(又称正常浪底)normal wave base风暴浪基面(又称风暴浪底)storm wave base过渡相transition facies三角洲相delta facies扇三角洲相fan-delta facies三角洲平原delta plain,deltaic plain三角洲前缘delta front,deltaic front前三角洲prodelta建设性三角洲constructive delta破坏性三角洲destructive delta河口沙坝river mouth bar远沙坝distal bar指状沙坝finger bar三角洲前缘席状砂delta front sheet sand 分流间湾沉积interdistributary bay deposit 河口湾沉积estuary deposit 澙湖相(又称泻湖相)lagoon facies蒸发岩相evaporite facies潮滩(又称潮坪)tidal flat潮汐通道tidal channel潮汐三角洲todal delta潮上带supratidal zone潮间带intertidal zone潮下带subtidal zone塞卜哈环境Sabkha enviroment浅滩(又称沙洲)shoal海滩beach湖滩beach岸堤bank障壁岛barrier island浊流turbidity current浊积岩turbidite浊积岩相turbidite facies湖底扇sublacustrine fan海底扇submarine fan鲍马序列Bouma sequence碳酸盐台地carbonate platform局限海restricted sea广海(又称开阔海)open sea陆表海epicontinental sea,epeiric sea陆缘海pericontinental sea边缘海margin sea盆地相basin facies深海平原abyssal plain广海陆架相open sea shelf facies台地前缘斜坡相platform foreslope facies 生物丘相biohermal facies生物礁相organic reef facies台地边缘浅滩相shoal facies of platform margin。
沉积相词汇
沉积学sedimentology沉积物sediment沉积岩sedimentary rock沉积作用sedimentation,deposition沉积分异作用sedimentary differentiation沉积旋回sedimentary cycle,depositional-cycle同生作用syngenesis成岩作用diagenesis后生作用(又称晚期成岩作用)epigenesist,catagenesis 变生作用(曾用名深变作用)metagenesis碎屑岩clastic rock,detrital rock砂岩sandstone粉砂岩siltstone砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock,volcanoclastic rock碳酸盐岩carbonate rock石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite,dolostone泥灰岩marl粘土岩claystone泥质岩argillite泥岩mudstone页岩shale蒸发岩evaporite盐岩salt rock可燃有机岩caustobiolith沉积中心depocenter沉降中心subsiding center岩相古地理lithofacies palaeogeography沉积环境sedimentary enviroment沉积体系sedimentary system,depositional system沉积相sedimentary facies岩相lithofacies生物相biofacies地球化学相geochemical facies相标志facies marker相模式facies model相分析facies analysis山麓洪积相piedmont pluvial facies碎屑流沉积debris flow deposit泥石流沉积mud-debris flow deposit冲积扇相alluvial fan facies河流相fluvial facies辩状河沉积braided stream deposit曲流河沉积meandering stream deposit网状河沉积anastomosed stream deposit河床滞留沉积channel-lag deposit凸岸坝沉积(又称“点砂坝沉积”、“边滩沉积”)poit bar deposit 心滩沉积mid-channel bar deposit天然堤沉积natural levee deposit决口扇沉积crevasse-splay deposit废弃河道沉积abandoned channel deposit牛轭湖沉积oxbow lake deposit河漫滩沉积(又称洪泛平原沉积)flood-plain deposit侧向加积lateral accretion垂向加积vertical accretion湖泊相lacustrine facies盐湖相salt-lake facies冰川相glacial facies沙漠相desert facies风成沉积eolian deposit海相marine facies深海相abyssal facies半深海相bathyal facies浅海相neritic facies浅海陆架相neritic shelf facies滨海相littoral facies陆相nonmarine facies,continental facies海岸沙丘coastal dune内陆沙丘interior dune沙漠沙丘desert dune正常浪基面(又称正常浪底)normal wave base风暴浪基面(又称风暴浪底)storm wave base过渡相transition facies三角洲相delta facies扇三角洲相fan-delta facies三角洲平原delta plain,deltaic plain三角洲前缘delta front,deltaic front前三角洲prodelta建设性三角洲constructive delta破坏性三角洲destructive delta河口沙坝river mouth bar远沙坝distal bar指状沙坝finger bar三角洲前缘席状砂delta front sheet sand 分流间湾沉积interdistributary bay deposit 河口湾沉积estuary deposit澙湖相(又称泻湖相)lagoon facies蒸发岩相evaporite facies潮滩(又称潮坪)tidal flat潮汐通道tidal channel潮汐三角洲todal delta潮上带supratidal zone潮间带intertidal zone潮下带subtidal zone塞卜哈环境Sabkha enviroment浅滩(又称沙洲)shoal海滩beach湖滩beach岸堤bank障壁岛barrier island浊流turbidity current浊积岩turbidite浊积岩相turbidite facies湖底扇sublacustrine fan海底扇submarine fan鲍马序列Bouma sequence碳酸盐台地carbonate platform局限海restricted sea广海(又称开阔海)open sea陆表海epicontinental sea,epeiric sea陆缘海pericontinental sea边缘海margin sea盆地相basin facies深海平原abyssal plain广海陆架相open sea shelf facies台地前缘斜坡相platform foreslope facies生物丘相biohermal facies生物礁相organic reef facies台地边缘浅滩相shoal facies of platform margin。
沉积学词汇
Comprehensive terms外力地质作用：exogenic process沉积作用：sedimentation沉积岩：sedimentary rock水成岩：neptunic rock沉积岩石学：sedimentary petrology沉积学：sedimentology水成论：neptunianism均变论：uniformitarianism将故论今：present is the key to past灾变论：catastrophism洪积论：diluvianism火成论：plutonism现实论：actualism岩相相关律：law of correlation of facies横截关系律：law of crosscutting relationships 原始连续律：law of original continuity原始水平律：law of original horizontality叠覆律：law of superposition生物群层序律：law of faunal succession生物群组合律：law of faunal assemblages地球四面体：Earth tetrahedron地幔中间层：mesosphere软流圈：asthenosphere岩石圈：lithosphere大洋型地壳：oceanic crust大陆型地壳：continental crust硅镁层：sima硅铝层：sial花岗岩质层：granitic layer水圈：hydrosphere生物圈：biosphere生态圈：ecosphere大气圈：atmosphere对流层：troposphere平流层：stratosphere臭氧层：ozone layer电离层：ionosphere中间层：mesosphere热层：thermosphere极光：aurora气辉：airglow外层大气：outer atmosphere磁层：magnetosphere 地质作用地质作用：geologic process内营力：endogenic force内动力地质作用：endogenic process内生地质作用：endogenic geologic process 外营力：exogenic force外动力地质作用：exogenic process表生地质作用：exogenic geologic process地外营力：extraterrestrial process风化作用：weathering物理风化：physical weathering热力风化：thermal weathering冻融风化：freeze-thaw weathering寒冻风化：frost weathering寒冻作用：frost action化学风化：chemical weathering生物风化：biological weathering球状风化：spheroidal weathering差异风化：differential weathering风化作用阶段：weathering stage元素迁移系列：sequence of migration of elements风化壳：weathering crust古风化壳：paleocrust of weathering风化壳类型：types of crust of weathering机械风化壳：mechanical residuum碳酸盐风化壳：residuum of carbonate type 高岭土型风化壳：residuum of kaolin type砖红土型风化壳：residuum of laterite type 矿物稳定性：mineral stability剥蚀作用：denudation侵蚀作用：erosion陵夷作用：degradation加积作用：aggradation均夷作用：gradation夷平作用：planation常态侵蚀：normal erosion河流地质作用：fluvial process暂时性水流：temporary torrent片状侵蚀：sheet erosion线状侵蚀：linear erosion向(溯)源侵蚀：retrogressive erosion, headward erosion, headwater erosion下切侵蚀：downcutting侧蚀：lateral erosion地球自转偏向力：deflection force of Earth rotation科里奥利力：Coriolis’ forces搬运作用：transportation搬运介质：transportation medium推移：traction跃移：saltation悬移：suspension transport沉积作用：deposition海蚀作用：marine erosion重力地质作用：gravitational process快体运动：mass movement山崩：landslide塌岸：bank slump雪崩：snow avalanche土屑移动：soil creep崩塌作用：eboulement风蚀作用：wind abrasion吹蚀作用：deflation磨蚀作用：abrasion风积作用：wind deposition岩溶作用：karstification潜蚀作用：underground corrosion中和作用：neutralization脱水作用：dehydration溶解作用：dissolution沉淀作用：precipitation水化作用：hydration氧化作用：oxidation水解作用：hydrolysis还原作用：reduction吸附作用：absorption胶凝作用：flocculation胶结作用：cementation沉积分异作用：sedimentary differentiation 石化作用：lithification成岩作用：diagenesisGeneral terms主要矿物：essential mineral次要矿物：auxiliary mineral副矿物：accessory mineral 重矿物：heavy mineral碎屑矿物：clastic mineral陆源矿物：terrestrial mineral自生矿物：authigenic mineral成岩矿物：diagenetic mineral后生矿物：catagenetic mineral表生矿物：hypergenic mineral原生矿物：primary mineral次生矿物：secondary mineral金属矿物：metallic mineral非金属矿物：nonmetallic mineral 指相矿物：facies mineralSilicate minerals橄榄石：olivine辉石：pyroxene角闪石：amphibole (hornblende) 长石：feldspar斜长石：plagioclase碱性长石：alkali-feldspar正长石：orthoclase (K-feldspar) 微斜长石：microcline云母：mica黑云母：biotite白云母：muscovite绿泥石：chlorite鲕绿泥石：chamosite粘土矿物：clay mineral高岭石：kaolinite艾洛石：halloysite蒙托石：montmorillonite贝得石：beidellite皂石：saponite伊利石：illite沸石：zeolite锆石：zircon石榴石：garnet十字石：staurolite蓝晶石：kyanite绿柱石：beryl电气石：tourmaline黄玉：topazCarbonate minerals文石：aragonite方解石：calcite高镁方解石：high-magnese calcite 白云石：dolomite铁白云石：ferrodolomite菱镁矿：magnesite菱锌矿：smithsonite菱锰矿：rhodochrositeSulphate minerals石膏：gypsum硬石膏：anhydrite重晶石：barite芒硝：mirabilite杂卤石：polyhalite泻利盐：epsomite水绿矾：melanterite胆矾：chalcanthite明矾石：aluniteOxysalt minearals硼砂：borax方硼石：boracite磷灰石：apatite氟磷灰石：fluroapatite独居石：monazite黑钨矿：wolframite钠硝石：soda-nitre钾硝石：potassium nitrateOxide and hydroxide刚玉：corundum赤铁矿：hematite钛铁矿：ilmenite磁铁矿：magnetite铬铁矿：chromite褐铁矿：limonite针铁矿：goethite金红石：rutile锡石：cassiterite软锰矿：pyrolusite晶质铀矿：uranite沥青铀矿：pitchblende石英：quartz 鳞石英：tridymite方石英：cristobalite玉髓：chalcedony蛋白石：opal尖晶石：spinel水锰矿：manganiteSulphides辉铜矿：chalcocite闪锌矿：sphalerite方铅矿：galena辰砂：cinnabar雄黄：realgar雌黄：orpiment辉锑矿：antimonite辉钼矿：molybdenite黄铁矿：pyrite黄铜矿：chalcopyrite毒砂：arsenopyriteHalides萤石：fluorite石盐：halite钾盐：sylvite光卤石：carnalliteSediment textures and structures 碎屑结构：clastic texture碎屑：clast矿物碎屑：mineral fragment 岩石碎屑：rock fragment粒度：grain size粒度等级：grade scale砾状结构：psephitic texture 砾：gravel角砾：angular gravel漂砾：boulder粗砾：cobble卵砾：pebble细砾：granule砂质砾：sandy gravel含砾砂：pebbled sand砂：sand极粗砂：very coarse sand粗砂：coarse sand中砂：medium sand细砂：fine sand极细砂：very find sand泥质砂：muddy sand泥质结构：pelitic texture砂质泥：sandy mud粉砂泥质结构：aleuropelitic texture粉砂：silt粗粉砂：coarse silt细粉砂：fine silt粘土：clay泥：mud粒度分析：grain size analysis正态分布：normal distribution对数正态分布：lognormal distribution单峰分布：unimodal distribution双峰分布：bimodal distribution多峰分布：multimodal distribution直方图：histogram频率曲线：frequency curve频率累积曲线：cumulative frequency curve 概率累积曲线：cumulative probability curve 粒度参数：grain size parameter平均粒度：mean grain size中值粒度：median grain size均值：mean标准差：standard deviation偏度：skewness尖度：kurtosis离散图：scatter plotCM图： CM plot碎屑形态：shape of clast圆度：roundness棱角状：angular次棱角状：sub-angular次圆状：sub-rounded圆状：rounded球度：sphericity形状：shapes扁球状：oblate等轴状：equant叶片状：bladed长椭球状：prolate 表面结构：surface textures磨光面：polish surface沙漠漆：desert varnish霜面：frosted surface微起伏：micro-relief擦痕：striation钉头擦痕：nailhead striation击痕：percussion scar新月形击痕：crescent-shaped crack凹坑：indentation麻面：pitted surface填隙物：interstitial materials胶结物：cement钙质胶结物：calcareous cement硅质胶结物：siliceous cement铁质胶结物：ferruginous cement泥质胶结物：mudeous cement胶状结构：amorphous texture隐晶结构：aphanitic显晶较高：phaneritic texture嵌晶结构：mosaic texture次生加大：secondary overgrowth texture 火山碎屑：pyroclast岩屑：rock fragment火山弹：volcanic bomb浮岩屑：pumice火山渣：scoria碳酸盐颗粒：carbonate grain内碎屑：intraclast砾屑结构：calciruditic texture砂屑结构：calcarenitic texture粉屑结构：calcisiltic texture泥屑结构：calcilutic texture生物碎屑：bioclast骨粒：framework grain团粒：pellet球粒：peloid团块：lump包粒：coated grain豆粒：pisoid鲕粒：ooid交代结构：replacement texture溶洞：solution cavity肾状结构：kidney-shaped texture棒状结构：rod-like texture纤维状结构：fibrous texture针状结构：acicular texture鳞片状结构：scaly texture变晶结构：crystalloblastic texture砾石组构：gravel fabric砂组构：sand fabric等向组构：isotropic fabric异向组构：anisotropic fabric冰碛组构：till fabric颗粒定向：grain orientation孔隙度：porosity渗透率：permeability水平层理：horizontal bedding互层层理：interlayered bedding平行层理：parallel bedding交错层理：cross bedding板状交错层理：tabular cross bedding楔状交错层理：wedge-shaped cross bedding 波状层理：wavy bedding透镜状层理：lenticular bedding叶状层理：lobate bedding波痕：ripple mark结核：concretion同生结核：contemporaneous concretion后生结核：catagenetic concretion表生结核：epigenetic concretion钙质结核：calcareous concretion钙结核：doll concretion鳞片构造：scaly structure毡状构造：felty structure格子状构造：lattice structure斑杂构造：mottled structure泉华构造：sinter structure斑点构造：spotted structure皱纹构造：wrinkle structure多孔构造：porous structure蜂窝构造：honey comb structure竹叶构造：edgewise structure叠瓦构造：imbricate structure砾岩：conglomerate粗碎屑岩：macroclastic rock卵石砾岩：pebble conglomerate漂砾砾岩：boulder conglomerate 卵石砾岩：pebble conglomerate粗砾岩：coarse conglomerate中粒砾岩：medium conglomerate细砾岩：fine conglomerate石英质砾岩：quartzitic conglomerate碎屑砾岩：clastic conglomerate残积角砾岩：eluvial breccia岩溶角砾岩：karst breccia构造角砾岩：tectonic breccia底砾岩：basal conglomerate层间砾岩：interformational conglomerate 同生砾岩：contemporaneous conglomerate 后生砾岩：catagenetic conglomerate成岩砾岩：diagenetic conglomerate粗粉砂岩：coarse siltstone细粉砂岩：fine siltstone泥质粉砂岩：muddy siltstone风成岩：aeolian rock细碎屑岩：microclastic rock泥岩：mudstone砂质泥岩：sandy mudstone粉砂质泥岩：silty mudstone粘土岩：claystone高岭石粘土岩：kaolinic claystone伊利石粘土岩：illitic claystone蒙脱石粘土岩：montmorillonitic claystone 钙质页岩：calcareous shale铁质页岩：ferruginous shale页岩：shale硅质页岩：siliceous shale炭质页岩：carbonaceous shale黑色页岩：black shale沥青页岩：naphtholith油页岩：oil shale砂页岩：sandshale泥板岩：argillite火山碎屑沿：pyroclastic rock熔结集块岩：welded agglomerate集块岩：agglomerate凝灰质巨砾岩：tuffaceous boulder火山角砾岩：volcanic breccia凝灰质砾岩：tuffaceous conglomerate凝灰质砂岩：tuffaceous sandstone凝灰质粉砂岩：tuffaceous siltstone玻屑凝灰岩：vitric tuff晶屑凝灰岩：crystal tuff岩屑凝灰岩：lithic tuff蚀变凝灰岩：altered tuff硅化凝灰岩：silicified tuff石灰岩：limestone云灰岩：dolomitic limestone泥灰岩：marl颗粒岩：grainstone重结晶岩：recrystalline limestone微晶灰岩：micritic limestone碎屑灰岩：calcirudite砂屑灰岩：calcarenite粉屑灰岩：calcisiltite泥屑灰岩：calcilutlite生物碎屑灰岩：bioclast limestone介壳灰岩：coquina鲕粒灰岩：oolitic limestone团粒灰岩：lump limestone球粒灰岩：pelletal limestone钙华：tufa钙结岩：calliche白云岩：dolomitite/dolostone灰云岩：lime dolostone泥云岩：muddy dolostone微晶白云岩：dolomicrite结晶白云岩：crystalline dolomite砾屑白云岩：dolorudite砂屑白云岩：dolarenite粉屑白云岩：dolarenite泥屑白云岩：dololutlite交代白云岩：replacement dolostone 硅藻土：diatomite燧石岩：chert硅土：siliceous earth硅质结核：siliceous concretion碳酸盐质硅华：silica carbonate sinter 蒸发岩：evaporite石膏岩：gypsolith硬石膏岩：anhydrock石盐岩：saline rock红土型铝土岩：lateritic bauxitic rock 鲕粒铝土岩：oolitic bauxitic rock磁铁岩：magnetitic rock 赤铁岩：hematitic rock硅铁岩：siliceous iron rock褐铁岩：limonite rock菱铁岩：sederitic rock硫铁岩：pyritic rock复理石：flych磨拉石：molasse混杂岩：melenge滑来石：olistholith红层：red bed风成岩：eolianite热泉胶结物：hydrothermally cemental rock 混杂沉积物：chaotic sediment混积岩：diamictite风化作用：热力风化：thermal weathering冻融风化：freeze-thaw weathering寒冻风化：frost weathering机械风化：mechanical weathering崩解作用：dessintegration重力地质作用：gravitational process红土化作用：laterization破碎阶段：broken stage饱和硅铝阶段：saturated sialic stage酸性硅铝阶段：acid sialic stage硅铁土阶段：allitized stage红土阶段：laterized stage氧化带：oxidative zone水解带：hydrolysis zone淋滤带：leaching zone水合带：hydrated zone碎屑物质：clast不溶残积物：nonsoluble residue溶解物质：dissolved material风化分异：weathering differentiation风化壳：weathering crust / residue差异风化：differential weathering球状风化：spheroidal weathering内源侵蚀：backward erosion边坡侵蚀：side-slope erosion侧向侵蚀：lateral erosion垂向侵蚀：vertical erosion下切侵蚀：dowcutting erosoion裁湾取直：cut-off掘蚀/刨蚀作用：pluck剥蚀作用：denudation冰蚀作用：glacial erosion风蚀作用：aeolian erosion海蚀作作用：marine abrasion陵夷作用：degradation夷平作用：planation面状侵蚀：sheet erosion风海流：wind current密度流：density flow紊流：turbulent flow/ tortous层流：laminar flow急流：torrential current搬运能力：transport capacity搬运方式：mode of transportation牵引载荷：traction load推移载荷：solid load溶解载荷：dissolved load沙床载荷：bed load悬浮载荷：suspended load沉积间断：hiatus卸载：unloading沉积速率：rate of deposition溶解度：solubility成岩作用方式压溶作用：pressure solution压实作用：compaction水化作用：hydration水解作用：hydrolysis方解石化作用：calcitization固结作用：consolidation硅化作用：silicification还原作用：reduction氧化作用：oxidation降解作用：degradation胶结作用：cementation交代作用：metasomatism/replacement 离子交换作用：ion exchange离子吸附作用：ion absorption淋滤作用：illuviation重结晶作用：recrystallization白云石化：dolomitization 构造稳定区：tectonic quiet region 构造活动带：tectonic mobile belt 陆源沉积物：terrestrial sediment 盐度：salinity盐度跃层：helocline化跃层：chemocline陆相：terrestrial facies海相：marine facies相变：facies change沉积相：sedimentary facies岩相：lithofacies相序列：facies sequence相组合：facies association相模式：facies model相区：facies province过渡相：transitional facies残积带：eluvial zone坡积带：deluvial zone残积相：eluvial facies坡积相：deluvial facies戈壁：gobi砾漠：serir石漠：stony desert沙漠：desert沙丘：dune新月型沙丘：barchan抛物线沙丘：parabolic dune固定沙丘：fixed dune半固定沙丘：semi-fixed dune移动沙丘：wandering fune沙漠湖泊：desert lake干盐湖：playa戈壁相：gobi facies沙漠相：desert facies风棱石：ventifact侧积相：side moraine facies中碛相：medial moraine facies底积相：bottom moraine facies终积相：end moraine facies前积相：front moraine facies河床：stream bed河道：stream channel边滩：point bar心滩：river island河漫滩：flood plain决口扇：crevasse splay河漫沼泽：backswamp洪积平原：flood plain废弃河道：abandoned channel牛轭湖：ox-bow lake冲积扇：alluvial fan冲积裙：alluvial apron冲积相：alluvial facies河道充填相：channel-fill facies堤岸相：levee facies河漫沼泽相：backswamp facies湖泊相：lacustrine facies浅湖相：shallow lake facies深湖相：deep lake facies盐湖相：playa facies滨湖相：coastal lake facies安山岩：andesite埃洛石：halloysite白云母：muscovite白云石：dolomite白云石化作用：dolomitization白云岩：dolostone,dolomitite白垩：chalk斑岩：porphyry斑杂构造：mottled structure搬运介质：medium of transportation搬运作用：transportation搬运能力：transportation capacity搬运营力：transport agent板块：plate板块边缘：plate margin板块俯冲：plate subduction板块构造理论：theory of plate tectonics板块碰撞：plate collision板块边界：plate boundary板岩：slate板状交错层理：tabular cross bedding, planar cross bedding半岛：peninsula半干旱气候：semi-arid climate半固定沙丘：semifixed dune, semi-mobile dune半深海沉积物：bathyal sediment包裹体：inclusion, enclosure包卷层理：convolute bedding包粒：coated grain剥蚀作用：denudation薄层：flag薄层砂岩：flagstone饱和带：saturated zone饱和面：saturated surface饱和硅铝阶段：saturated sialic stage鲍马层序：Bouma sequence爆发角砾岩：explosion breccia爆发岩筒：explosive pipe背斜：anticline被袭夺河：abstracted river, captured river 被子植物：angiosperm崩解作用：disintegration崩塌角砾岩：collapse breccia笔石类：graptolite边坡侵蚀：side-slope erosion边滩：point bar deposit边滩沉积：point bar deposit边滩相：point bar facies边缘盆地：marginal basin边缘台地：marginal platform扁豆状凝灰岩：lenticulite扁球状：oblate变晶结构：crystalloblastic texture变晶鲕：crysialized ooid变盐度环境：euryhaline environment变质程度：metamorphic grade变质带：metamorphic belt变质年龄：metamorphic age变质相：metamorphic facies变质岩：metamorphic rock变质作用：metamorphism标本：specimen标志层：indicator horizon, index bed标准化石：index fossil标准剖面：standard section表观年龄：apparent age表成沉积物：exogenetic sediments表面蒸发作用：surface evaporation表皮构造：epigenetic structure表生成岩环境：epidiagenetic environment 表生成岩作用：epidiagenesis表生结核：epigenetic concretion表生矿物：hypergene mineral表生作用：epigenesis表土：regolith表碛：superglacial moraine滨海：littoral area滨海带：littoral zone滨海相：littoral facies滨海盐沼：marine salina滨后沉积：backshore deposit滨后沼泽沉积：backswamp deposit滨湖区：coastal lake area滨湖相：coastal lake facies。
地质学术语翻译研究
地质学术语翻译研究地质学是研究地球构造、岩石组成、地球表面以及地球历史演化的学科。
在地质学中，有许多专业术语，下面是一些常见的地质学术语及其中文翻译。
1. Plate tectonics 板块构造学2. Volcano 火山3. Earthquake 地震4. Mineral 矿物5. Rock 岩石6. Sediment 沉积物7. Fossil 化石8. Crust 地壳9. Mantle 地幔10. Core 地核11. Continental drift 大陆漂移12. Erosion 侵蚀13. Deposition 沉积14. Weathering 风化15. Fault 断层16. Fold 褶皱17. Igneous rock 火成岩18. Metamorphic rock 变质岩19. Sedimentary rock 沉积岩20. Geologic time scale 地质时代尺度21. Geologic formation 地质层系22. Geologic map 地质图23. Stratigraphy 地层学24. Paleontology 古生物学25. Geomorphology 地貌学26. Geochronology 地质年代学27. Geothermal energy 地热能28. Geologic hazard 地质灾害29. Groundwater 地下水30. Karst landscape 喀斯特地貌这些是常见的地质学术语，其中许多术语在地质学研究、实地考察和学术交流中经常使用。
熟悉这些术语的翻译有助于理解和传播地质学领域的知识。
根据具体的研究内容和背景，还有其他更具专业性的地质学术语，但以上列举的术语是一个很好的起点。
地质学术语翻译研究
地质学术语翻译研究地质学术语翻译是一项非常重要的研究，它涉及到了地质学的基础理论和实践工作。
虽然地质学术语在不同语言中可能存在一定的区别，但是它们都是用来描述地质学现象和科学原理的专有词汇，因此翻译的准确性至关重要。
下面是一些常见的地质学术语以及它们的中文翻译。
1. Geology 地质学2. Mineralogy 矿物学4. Stratigraphy 地层学6. Sedimentology 沉积学8. Tectonics 构造地质学9. Volcanology 火山学11. Geophysics 地球物理学12. Geomagnetism 地磁学15. Oceanography 海洋学18. Igneous rocks 火成岩20. Metamorphic rocks 变质岩21. Fossil 化石23. Rock 岩石24. Earthquake 地震25. Fault 断层26. Erosion 侵蚀27. Deposition 沉积29. Magma 岩浆30. Lava 熔岩31. Crust 地壳32. Mantle 地幔34. Continental drift 大陆漂移35. Geologic time scale 地质时间尺度36. Paleozoic era 古生代39. Era 纪40. Period 世41. Epoch 期42. Precambrian 前寒武纪44. Ordovician 奥陶纪45. Silurian 志留纪46. Devonian 泥盆纪47. Carboniferous 石炭纪49. Triassic 三叠纪51. Cretaceous 白垩纪52. Tertiary 第三纪54. Ice age 冰河时期55. Glacial 酷寒期58. Climate change 气候变化。
地质学术语翻译研究
地质学术语翻译研究
地质学是一门研究地球的科学，其中包括地球的成分、结构、历史和变化。
这种学科涉及到许多特定的术语，了解这些术语及其翻译是非常重要的。
以下是一些常见的地质学术语及其翻译：
1. Mineralogy –矿物学
2. Petrology –岩石学
3. Igneous –火成的
4. Sedimentary –沉积的
5. Metamorphic –变质的
6. Stratigraphy –地层学
7. Geomorphology –地貌学
8. Tectonics –构造学
9. Volcanism –火山活动
10. Earthquake –地震
11. Plate tectonics –板块构造
12. Crust –地壳
13. Mantle –地幔
14. Core –地核
15. Geological time scale –地质时间尺度
16. Fossil –化石
17. Mineral –矿物
18. Rock –岩石
19. Weathering –风化
20. Erosion –侵蚀
21. Deposition –沉积
22. Metamorphism –变质作用
23. Fault –断层
24. Fold –褶皱
25. Intrusion –岩浆侵入
以上这些术语是地质学中必须了解的基本术语。
如果想继续研究和了解地质学，那么还需要学习其他更加高级的术语和概念。
掌握这些术语和概念将有助于更深入地了解地球的构造、历史和变化，进而增加人们对这个世界的认识。
[英语学习]汉英地质学名词3
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地台||platform地体||terrane地洼说||tectonics of diwa地温||geotemperature地下工程||underground engineering地下河||underground river地下径流系数||coefficient of groundwater runoff 地下热[卤]水型矿床||hot geothermal brine type deposit 地下热卤水||underground geothermal brine地下热水||geothermal water地下水||groundwater地下水保护||groundwater conservation地下水补给区||recharge area of groundwater地下水储量||groundwater reserves地下水动力学||groundwater dynamics地下水动态||groundwater regime地下水回灌||groundwater recharge地下水径流||groundwater runoff地下水径流模数||modulus of groundwater runoff地下水类型||groundwater type地下水流速||velocity of groundwater flow地下水埋藏深度||depth of groundwater table地下水模型||groundwater model地下水排泄区||discharge area of groundwater地下水盆地||groundwater basin地下水天然资源||natural resources of groundwater地下水网络||groundwater network地下水位坡降||gradient of groundwater level地下水污染||groundwater pollution地下水袭夺||groundwater capture地下水系统||groundwater system地下水质||groundwater quality地下水资源||groundwater resources地形同位素分馏效应||topographic isotopic fractionation effect地学||geoscience地压型地热资源||geopressure geothermal resources地震||earthquake, seism地震波||seismic wave地震地层学||seismostratigraphy地震地质学||seismogeology, earthquake geology地震构造带||seismic-tectonic zone地震构造学||seismotectonics地震线||earthquake line地植物方法||geobotanical method地质||geology地质构造||geological structure地质环境||geologic environment地质力学||geomechanics地质年表||geologic time scale, geological time table地质年代学||geochronology地质时期||geologic time地质事件||geologic event地质温度计||geothermometer; 又称“地球温度计”。
地质词汇(汉英)
汉英水文气象地质词汇板块plate (英汉常用地质学词汇)伴生矿物accompying mineral (北东北north northeast北北东north northeast北北西north northeast北偏东north by east北偏西north by west北西北north northeast北极Northh Pole北极光Northern Lights北极星North Star贝壳shell贝壳壮conchoidal (英汉常用地质学词汇)变形交错层理deformed cross-bedding (英汉常用地质学词汇)标准贯入试验孔standard penetration test hole表土topsoil (广东省勘察设计院)不均匀沉陷differential settlement (英汉常用地质学词汇)不透水层confining stratum (英汉常用地质学词汇)不液化土层理bedding场地类别场地土沉积层sedimentary strata(广东省勘察设计院)成因类型genetic type持力层冲积土alluvium (英汉常用地质学词汇)错位构造dislocation structure (英汉常用地质学词汇)大沽高程Dagu altitude等高线contour line (英汉常用地质学词汇)等高线图contour map (英汉常用地质学词汇)等温层homothermy等效剪切波速值地表浅层潜水surface shallow layer地层stratum (英汉土木工程辞海)地层年代地基土foundation soil地形图topographic map (英汉土木工程辞海)地势terrain; geographical features (英汉土木工程辞海)√地质年代geologic time （美国传统词典）(英汉常用地质学词汇)√地质地层geological stratigraphy (欧洲标准)第四纪沉积Quaternary deposit (英汉汉英土木工程词汇)第四纪沉积、洪积层quaternary alluvial-proluvial layer (南海石化项目招标书) 第四系quaternary; quaternary system (汉英地质大词典)第四系松散堆积层quaternary system第I相浅海相沉积层顶板apical plate；hanger；hanging layer；hat；stegidium；top layer；upper plate (汉英地质大词典)顶板标高顶板高度roof elevation?东北偏北northeast by north东北方向northeastward东东北ENE = east northeast东东南ESE = east southeast东南偏东southeast by east东南偏南east by north东偏北east by north东偏南east by south冻胀性土swelling soil断层fault堆积层分级荷重压缩模量粉砂silty sand (广东省勘察设计院)；silt (汉英常用地质词汇)√粉砂壤土silty soils (欧洲标准)粉砂粘土silty clay (广东省勘察设计院)粉土silt (汉英建筑大词典); silty soil (汉英建筑大词典)粉土层silt stratum (英汉汉英电力工程技术词典)√粉质粘土silty clay (汉英建筑工程词典) (英汉道路工程词汇)(南海石化项目招标书)粉油砂powdery kir风成的,风积的eolian风化wearing风蚀eolation盖层covering strata (英汉常用地质学词汇)高程系数elevation factor (英汉常用地质学词汇)工程地质层工程地质亚层engineering geology(汉英建筑工程词典)河漫滩alluvial flat (英汉汉英土木工程词汇)海漫滩相沉积层海相沉积marine deposit (广东省勘察设计院)海相沉积层marine deposit layer (广东省勘察设计院)寒带frigid zone鉴别孔discrimination hole汉白玉white marble厚度加权平均值灰质粘土adobe (英汉常用地质学词汇)滑动劈理crenulation cleavage (英汉常用地质学词汇)基槽开挖基本地基加速度基准点datum point (英汉土木工程辞海)基准面base level (英汉常用地质学词汇)击数挤压构造带compressed zone (英汉常用地质学词汇)交错层理cross stratification (英汉常用地质学词汇)角砾混合岩agmatite (英汉常用地质学词汇)角砾片麻岩agmatitegnesis ? (英汉常用地质学词汇)接地层年代接力变质（作用）constructive metamorphism (英汉常用地质学词汇)解理cleavage (英汉常用地质学词汇)阶地terrace (英汉常用地质学词汇)界限最大值进尺footage (汉英常用地质词汇)静力触探桩static sounding pile静力触探static sounding, cone penetration静力触探锥尖阻力resistance between static penetrating cores静压预制桩静止水位rest water level勘探点可塑偏软plastic to soft孔口hole top (汉英地质大词典)矿体圈定delineation of ore deposits(英汉常用地质学词汇)流沙drift sand (英汉常用地质学词汇)露头outcrop (英汉常用地质学词汇)煤层coal seam (英汉常用地质学词汇)煤库coal store煤系coal measures(英汉常用地质学词汇)摩阻比friction to resistance ratio南东南south southeast南西南south southwest南偏东south by east南偏西south by west泥炭层peat bed平峒adit (英汉常用地质学词汇)平巷drift (英汉常用地质学词汇)浅海相沉积层shallow marine deposit前寒武纪The Precambrian Era (美国传统词典)浅基础持力层bearing stratum of shallow foundation轻亚粘土light loam坡积物slop wash (广东省勘察设计院)区域地质资料全新统上组第I陆相层河流Holocene(Postglacial) series全新统下组第II陆相沼泽相沉积层全新统中组第I海相扰动地层disturbed strata (英汉常用地质学词汇)扰动土disturbed soil (英汉常用地质学词汇)扰动样disturbed sample上更新统epipleistocene (英汉地质大词典) upper Pleistocene series 上更新统三组第IV陆相河床河漫滩相沉积层上更新统四组第II海相滨海潮汐带相沉积层上更新统五组第III相河床河漫滩相沉积始新世Eoocene epoch试验孔test borehole水成岩hydrotogenous rock松散地层ravelly ground （汉英地质大词典）松散堆积层水平层理horizontal bedding素填土土层soil strata(广东省勘察设计院)土工试验soil test土石屑垫层土样soil sample (广东省勘察设计院)物理力学性质西北偏北northwest by north西北偏西northeast by west西偏北west by north西偏南west southwest西西北west northwest西西南west southwest系system (英汉常用地质学词汇)寒武系Cambrian system (英汉常用地质学词汇)下第三纪eogene (period)下降descending (英汉常用地质学词汇)祥查detailed survey (英汉常用地质学词汇)详细勘探detailed exploration (prospecting) (英汉常用地质学词汇)相互作用coaction (英汉常用地质学词汇)新生代Kainozoic era压缩模量compression modulus压缩性土compressible soil亚层subhorizon; sub-layer (广东省勘察设计院)亚粘土clayey soil亚相subfacies (英汉常用地质学词汇)岩土工程技术规范岩土工程勘察规范岩心core (英汉常用地质学词汇)岩心记录drill record (英汉常用地质学词汇)岩性lithology淤泥质粘土soft clay原位测试in-situ measurement原生水juvenile water; connate water (英汉常用地质学词汇) 圆锥贯入试验cone penetration test (CPT) (广东省勘察设计院)圆锥贯入仪cone penetrometer (英汉土木工程辞海)云母mica早第三纪eogene (period)蒸发量evaporation discharge中等风化岩moderately weathered rock (广东省勘察设计院)中等压缩性土中软场地土株罗纪Jurassic Period柱状构造columnar structure (英汉常用地质学词汇) 柱状节理columnar jointing (英汉常用地质学词汇) 桩端持力层桩基子样钻机drill rig (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻井记录drill log (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻孔borehole; drill hole (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻孔记录borehole records (广东省勘察设计院)钻孔位置borehole location钻孔取样dill hole sampling (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻孔柱状图drill column (英汉常用地质学词汇)drill hole columnar section (英汉常用地质学词汇) 钻探取样试验孔subsurface sample test hole坐标系coordinate system (英汉常用地质学词汇)褐黄土brownish yellow soil。
汉英沉积学常用词汇
附录：汉英沉积学常用词汇凹坑pool，chute白垩chalk白云化灰岩dolomitized limestone白云母muscovite白云石dolomite白云岩dolostone, dolomitite斑点构造mottled structure斑礁patch reef斑晶porphyrotope斑脱岩bentonite搬运作用transportation板状晶体laths半深海helmipelagic半自形晶subhedral棒形蛀木虫迹teredolites clavatus包卷层理convolute lamination包卷构造comvolute structure堡礁(障壁礁) barrier reef抱球虫软泥globigerina ooze比拟试验模式scaled experimental model碧玉jasper边滩point bar辫状河braided channel标志层key bed标准偏差standard deviation表面结构surface texture表皮鲕superficial Oolits表栖动物epifauna表生成岩作用epidiagenesis表生作用epigenesis表土regolith滨湖亚相lake-shore滨面shoreface滨线shoreline冰雹痕hail impression冰川glacier冰-海沉积物glacier-marine sediment冰川相glacial facies冰碛物till冰碛岩tillite冰水沉积outwash波长wave length波高wave height波痕ripple波状层理wavy bedding剥离线理parting lineation不等粒inequigranular不整合unconformity槽痕flute槽模flute casts侧向沉积作用lateral sedimentation侧向加积lateral accretion测井沉积学well-logging sedimentology 测井相electrofacies层bed层间流interflow层孔虫stromatoporoid层理stratification，bedding，lamination 层流laminar flow层内溶解作用intrastratal solution层系set层系组coset层序地层学sequence stratigraphy次长石净砂岩subarkose次生孔隙secondary porosity次岩屑净砂岩sublitharenite长石feldspar长石砂岩feldspar sandstone长石净砂岩arkose长石净砂岩类arkosic arenite长石杂砂岩feldspathic greywacke长石杂砂岩类arkosic greywacke潮道tidal channel潮间带intertidal潮控三角洲tidal-dominated delta潮坪tidal flat潮上带supratidal潮汐层理tidal- bedding潮汐流ebb current潮汐三角洲tidal delta潮下带subtidal zone沉积分异作用sedimentary differentiation 沉积构造sedimentary structure沉积后作用postdeposition沉积环境depositional environment沉积模式sedimentary model沉积盆地sedimentary basin沉积铁矿sedimentary iron ores沉积物sediment沉积物重力流sediment gravity flow沉积相sedimentary（depositional）facies 沉积学sedimentology沉积岩sedimentary rocks沉积岩石学sedimentary petrology沉积作用sedimentation，deposition成分成熟度compositional matuarity成岩作用diagenesis赤铁矿hematite冲积平原alluvial plain冲积扇alluvial fan冲裂avulsion冲流swash冲流回流带zone of swash and backwash 冲刷痕scour mark冲洗交错层理swash bedding冲溢扇washover fan储层reservoir储油窗oil –windows床沙bed床沙形体bed form床沙载荷bed load吹程fetch垂向沉积作用vertical accretion丛藻迹chondrites粗砾cobble粗枝藻门dasyclads大潮spring tide大陆架continental shelf大陆隆continental rise大陆坡continental slope大洋盆地basin带穴迹taenidium带状迹teanidium袋状钻孔迹rogerella单杯迹monocraterion单成份砾岩oligomictic conglomerate 岛(弧)-海(沟)体系arc-trench system 岛弧island arc等深流contour current等深积岩contourite等趾迹isopodichnus等足迹isopodichnus低镁方解石low-magnesian calcite低弯度河道low-sinuosity channel低位体系域low-stand systems tract 堤岸bank底痕sole mark底积层bottomset底模solecast底栖生物benthos底载河道bedload channel地层strata地层倾斜录井dipmeter log地层水formation water地球化学geochemistry地球物理geophysics地震地层学seismic stratigraphy地震勘探seismic exploration递变层graded layer递变悬浮作用graded suspension典型浊积岩clastic turbidite电测井electric log叠层石stromatolite叠瓦状排列imbricate arrangement 顶积层topsets动态模式dynamic model动藻迹zoophycus豆粒pisolite段member对称波痕symmetrical ripple鲕粒oolite二叶石迹cruziana反递变层理reverse grading反沙丘层理antidune bedding反向递变的inversely graded泛滥盆地flood basin泛滥平原flood plain方沸石Analcime方解石calcite放射虫Radiolarians放射性测井radioactivity log非补偿（饥饿）沉积starved basin 非显晶质的aphanitic沸石zeolite分流河道distributary channel分流河口砂坝distributary-mouth bar 分流间湾interdistributary分选系数So分选作用sorting粉砂silt粉砂岩siltite,siltstone粉砂页岩silt shale球粒pellet风暴大潮storm surge风成eolian风成波痕eolian ripple,wind ripple风成交错层理aeolian cross bedding风成岩eolianite风化作用weathering风生流wind-drift current风蚀deflation峰度curtosis缝合线stylolite弗劳德数Froude number浮游生物plankton腐泥sapropel负载（荷）构造load structure复成分砾岩polymictic conglomerate复理石flysch钙结层caliche干酪根kerogen干盐湖playa高岭石kaolinite高弯度河道high-sinuosity channel高位体系域high-stand systems tract根珊瑚迹rhizocoralliun耕作迹agrichnia沟模groove casts沟蠕形迹taphrhelminthopsis古拉迹paleohelcura古生态学paleoecology古生物paleontological古水流标志paleocurrent indicator古土壤paleosols古网迹palaeodictyon古斜坡paleoslope骨架岩framestone固着底栖生物sessile benthos光合作用photosynthesis硅镁层sima硅土，二氧化硅silica硅质silic-硅质碎屑siliciclastic国际沉积学家学会IAS(International Association of Sedimentologists) 海(湖)泛面flooding surface海(湖)滩beach海岸带coastal zone海底扇submarine fan海底峡谷submarine canyon海沟trench海进体系域transgressive systems tract 海浪sea wave海绿石glauconite海平面变化sea-level changes海平面升降eustasy海侵transgression海侵层序transgressive sequence海生迹thalassinoides海滩marine beach海滩脊ridge of a beach海相三角洲marine delta海洋ocean旱谷arroyo, wadi河床（道）channel河床滞留lag河底滞留沉积channel floor lag河控三角洲fluvial delta河口湾estuary河流相fluvial河漫overbank核形石oncilite褐铁矿limonite黑色页岩black shale黑云母biotite红藻植物门rhodophyta后滨backshore后成作用katagenesis,anadiagenesis弧间盆地interarc basin弧内盆地intra-arc basin弧前盆地forearc basin湖lake湖泊环境lacustrine environment湖泊相lacustrine湖面波动seiche湖沼学limnology滑[动]痕slide mark滑塌构造slump structure滑塌岩slumps还原硫酸盐细菌desulfouibrio,desulfomaculmi 还原作用reduction环境沉积学environmental sedimentology环线迹spirorhaphe黄铁矿pyrite黄土loess灰泥micrite灰泥岩mudstone灰质白云岩calcareous dolostone回流backflow，backwash混杂沉积岩diamicton混杂堆积物mélange混载荷流mixed-load channel火山弹bomb火山灰ash火山灰流ash flow火山角砾岩volcanic breccia火山块block火山泥石流lahar火山碎屑pyroclastic debris，tephra火山碎屑流pyroclastic flow火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock火焰构造flame structure鸡笼状的chickenwire集合粒aggregate集块岩agglomerate加积accretion加积作用aggradation假亮晶pseudospar尖峰度的jeptokurtic剪切shearing交错层cross beds交错层理cross bedding; cross stratification交错纹crossed-lamellar交错纹层cross laminae胶结物cement胶结作用cementation胶磷矿collophane礁reef礁核reef core礁后相backreef facies礁麓堆积reef talus礁前相forereef facies礁相reef facies角度不整合angular unconformity 角砾岩breccias节藻迹phycodes结晶碳酸盐岩crystalline carbonate 界面bounding surfaces金藻门chrysophyta津（波）浪tsunami近滨nearshore进潮口tidal inlet进积作用progradation进食构造feeding structures进食迹fodinichnia晶面crystal face晶体crystal井形穴shafts净砂岩arenite静态模式static model居住构造dwelling structure居住迹domichnia居住潜穴dwelling burrows巨画迹megagrapton巨砾boulder决口扇crevasse，crevasse splay 均匀悬浮uniform suspension颗粒grain ，particle颗粒流grain flow颗粒岩grainstone颗粒支撑的particle -supported ，grain-supported 可劈性fissility可容空间accommodation space克拉通craton孔隙（度）pore，porosity块状层理massive bedding块状砂岩massive sandstone浪成波痕wave-generated ripple浪成沙纹层理wave- ripple bedding浪基面wave base浪控三角洲wave-dominated delta雷诺数Reynolds number-Re类沙蚕迹nereites累积频率曲线cumulative-frequency curve离岸（裂）流rip current犁沟迹aulichnites丽线迹cosmorhaphe砾gravel砾漠reg砾屑灰岩calcirudite砾屑岩rudite砾岩conglomerate粒度grain size粒度概率图probability plot粒度中值Md粒间孔隙度intergranular porosity粒屑灰岩grainstone粒序层理graded bedding亮晶sparite亮晶方解石sparry calcite亮晶灰岩sparite亮煤clarain裂隙fracture临滨shoreface磷灰岩phosphorite磷酸盐岩phosphate rock菱铁矿siderite流动体制flow regimes流痕rill impression流态flow regime流体化作用fluidization硫酸盐sulphate漏斗形funnel shape陆表海epicontinental sea陆架边缘体系域shelf margin systems tract 陆相terrestrial陆缘海marginal sea陆源碎屑岩terrigenous clastic rocks陆表海epeiric sea绿泥岩chlorite绿藻门chlorophyta,卵石质砂岩pebbly sandstone螺管迹gyrolithes洛伦茨迹corenzinia脉状层理flaser bedding漫流sheet flow漫游迹planoliies煤coal煤化作用coalification锰质岩manganess rock觅食迹pascichnia觅食拖迹grazing trails密度底流density underflow密度流density current密度跃层pycnocline磨拉石molasses母岩source rock, parent rock母岩区provenance，source area内成岩endogenetic内栖动物infauna内碎屑intraclast钠长石albite钠长石化albitization能量带energy belt泥mud泥板岩argillite泥晶micrite泥晶套micrite envelope泥粒灰岩（泥质颗粒岩）packstone 泥裂mud crack泥流mud flow泥石流debris flow泥质岩mudrock泥页岩argillutite泥支撑的mud supported泥质的argil拟蠕形迹helminthopsis逆行沙波regressive sand wave逆行沙丘antidune年代地层单位chronostratigraphic unit 鸟眼构造birds-eyes structure鸟足状三角洲bird-foot delta凝灰岩tuff凝聚颗粒aggregate grains凝块灰岩thrombolite牛顿流体Newtonian fluid牛轭湖ox-bow lake爬迹repichnia爬升沙纹层理climbing ripple bedding 爬行crawling拍岸浪surf盘旋虫科spirillinidae螃蟹迹psilonichnus跑动running泡沫痕foam impression盆内岩intrabasinal rock盆外岩石extrabasinal rock片流sheetwash偏度Sk1，skewness漂砾erratic平均粒径Mz平均值mean平行层理parallel bedding平直河straight channel破浪breaker破浪带breaker zone葡萄石grapestones气候带climate belts牵引[作用] traction牵引流tractive current牵引毯状沉积traction carpet前滨foreshore前积层foresets前三角洲沉积prodelta deposit浅海区neritic province浅滩shoal墙形迹teichichus丘状交错层理hummocky cross bedding球度sphericity球粒pellet，pellet peloids球状粒peloid曲带迹curuolithus曲流meander曲流裁直neck cutoff曲流河meandering river取心钻井core drilling全球海平面变化eustatic change of sea level 缺氧事件anoxic event群group群体生物colony(organisms)热云nuee ardente热云岩ignimbrite溶解载荷solutional load熔结凝灰岩ignimbrite蠕形迹helminthoida软流圈asthenosphere软泥ooze弱光带disphotic zone萨布哈（盐沼）sabkha三角洲delta三角洲平原delta plain三角洲前缘delta front三联点triple junction扫毛虫sabellarians沙坝bar沙波sand wave沙流sand flow沙漠desert沙漠相desert facies沙丘dune沙蜀迹arenicolites沙体Sand body沙纹ripples沙嘴spit砂sand砂火山sand volcanoes砂流sand flow砂屑detritus砂屑灰岩calcarenite砂岩sandstone砂枕构造pillow structure 筛状沉积sieve deposition 山鹿冲积平原bajada山麓piedmont珊瑚coral扇砾岩fanglomerate扇三角洲fan delta扇状三角洲fan-like delta 舌菌迹glossiofunhites蛇形迹ophiomorpha深海pelagic, deep sea深海带abyssal zone深海沟deep-sea trench深海平原abyssal深海扇deep-sea fan深泓线thalweg深水bathymetric深水盆地bathymetric basin渗透率permeability生长构造growth structure生物层biostrome生物带biozone生物地层学biostratigraphy生物灰岩biolithite生物礁reef生物颗粒bioclast生物亮晶灰岩biosparite生物内碎屑bioclastic生物泥晶灰岩biomicrite生物丘bioherm生物扰动作用bioturbation生物遗迹化石trace fossil石膏gypsum石化作用lithification石灰岩limestone石漠hamada石英quarts石英砂岩quartz sandstone，silicarenita 石英净砂岩quartz arenite石英杂砂岩quartzwack石针迹skolithos石枝藻litho-thammium始成岩作用eodiagenesis示顶底标志geopetal criterion事实模式actual model数学模式mathematical model刷模brush casts双杯迹diplocraterion双形迹dimorphichus双趾迹diplichifes水道channel水流current，aqueous flow水流痕current mark水流上涌upwelling水流线理current lineation水平层理horizontal bedding水体分层stratification of the water column水下泥石流subaqueous debis flow水下岩崩subaqueous rockfall水悬浮作用aqueous suspension斯科阳迹scoyenia似海生迹thalassinoides似海星迹asteriacites似蠕形迹helminthopsis似藻迹phycodes碎屑颗粒detrital particle燧石flint ，chert他生沉积物allochthonous sediments它形晶anhedral塌积角砾岩collapse braccia塔斯曼迹tasmanadia台地platform苔藓虫fenestrate bryozoans滩bank滩脊beach ridge碳酸盐carbonate碳酸盐岩carbonate rock, carbonatite碳酸盐岩补偿深度carbonate compensation depth 碳酸盐岩隆（建隆）carbonate buildup逃逸构造escape structure逃逸迹fugichnia体系域systems tract天然堤levee，natural levee填集作用packing跳模bounce casts跳跃作用saltation铁岩ironstone铁质岩ferruginous rock停息迹cubchnia同沉积滑塌构造syndepositinal slump structure同生白云岩syngenetic dolostone同生作用syngenesis透光带photic zone透镜状层理lenticular bedding湍流turbulent flow团块lumps退覆层序offlap sequence洼状交错层理swaley cross bedding外成岩exogenetic rock外来岩块exotic block外生沉积物exogentic sediments弯曲锚形迹ancorichnus coronus晚成岩作用telodiagenesis网状（交织）河流anastomosing stream，anastomosed river 微亮晶microspar微斜长石microcline胃形钻孔迹gastrochaenolites温跃层thermoclime纹层laminae，lamination纹层状的laminated纹理lamination纹泥,季节泥varve雯石（霰石）aragonite紊流turbulent flow无光带aphotic zone无粘结性颗粒cohesionless particle物源区provenance矽藻diatom细砾granule线管迹tigllites相facies相变facies change相标志facies mark相对海平面relative sea-level相序facies sequence （succession）向上变粗coarsening-upward向上变浅shoaling-upward，shallowing--upward小潮neap tide小间断diastem斜坡地形clinoform泄水构造water-escape structure泻湖lagoon新生变形作用neomorphism新月形沙丘barchan dune信风trade winds星瓣迹asterosoma休息迹resting traces悬浮（移）负载suspended load选择交代作用selective replacement压扁层理flaser bedding压刻痕toll mark压溶作用pressure solution压实作用compaction盐水楔saltwater wedge岩石地层单位lithostratigraphic unit岩石地层学lithostratigraphy岩石圈lithosphere岩石学petrology岩相lithofacies岩相古地理lithofacies paleogeography岩屑rock fragment，lithic岩屑砂岩lithic sandstone，rock fragment sandstone 岩屑净砂岩litharenite岩屑杂砂岩lithic greywacke岩屑质长石净砂岩lithic arkose岩性lithological沿岸流longshore current沿岸沙坝longshore bar盐度salinity盐湖salt lakes盐碱滩salina氧化作用oxidation页岩shale液化liguefaction液化沉积物流fluidized sediment flow液化作用liquefaction伊利石illite遗迹化石ichnofossil，trace fossil遗迹相ichofacies异化颗粒allochem粘结灰岩bindstones硬砂岩greywacke硬石膏anhydrite涌浪swells尤尔斯特龙图解Hiulstrom diagram油气储层地质建模reservoir geological Modeling 油页岩oil shale游泳生物nekton organisms原生孔隙primary porosity有效孔隙度effective porosity羽状交错层理herringbone cross bedding雨痕rain impression原始古网迹protopalaeodictyon圆度roudness越岸沉积overbank deposit运动迹moving traces韵律层理rhythmic bedding杂基matrix杂基支撑matrix supported杂砂岩graywacke，wacke载荷load再作用面(复活面)reactivation surface藻管迹phycosiphon藻类algae藻团块algae lumps藻团粒algal poliods藻席Algal mats造礁珊瑚hermatypic coral粘度viscosity粘结岩boundstone粘土级clay size粘土矿物clay mineral粘土岩claystone涨潮流flood current帐篷构造tepees障壁barrier障壁岛barrier island障壁沙咀barrier spit障积岩bufflestone沼泽相swamp振荡波痕oscillation ripples蒸发岩evaporites正常鲕normal Oolits正递变的normally graded正化颗粒orthochems正态分布normal distribution直观模式visual model指状沙坝bar-finger sand指状钻孔迹trypanites中成岩作用mesodiagenesis中峰度的mesokertic中砾pebble中值median钟形bell shape众数mode重晶石barite重流层heavy-fluid layer皱饰迹rusophycus蛀木虫迹teredolites铸模mold铸模孔隙moldic porosity铸型cast锥模prod casts坠积物colluvium准层序parasequence准层序组parasequence set浊积石灰岩allodapic limestone浊积岩turbidite浊流turbidity current自生沉积物autochthonous sediments 自生的authigentic自形晶euhedral自悬浮autosuspension 组formation组构fabric钻孔迹trypanites。
沉积特征英语词汇
Depositional Distinguishing Feature 沉积特征sedimentary structure 沉积构造bdd beded 层状的bndd banded 层状的band band 夹层xlam crosslaminated 交错层理xbdd crossbeded 交错层intbdd interbeded 互层的，夹层的crnk crinkled 褶皱cont contact 接触，界面unconf unconformity 不整合conf conformity 整合crev crevive 裂隙conc concretion 结核，含有物nod nodules 结核。
团块ves vesicular 多孔状lumpy lumpy 块状conch conchoidal 贝壳状gran granular 颗粒状slky silky 丝状gl glassy 玻璃状fib fibrous 纤维状glblr globular 球状xl crystal 结晶xln crystalline 结晶体porosity 孔隙度gd good 15% 好fair 10～15% 中等poor 5～10% 较差trace less 5% 微小fissibity 解理，可劈性clvg clesvage 解理，劈理crystal or grain size 晶体形状与颗粒大小texture 结构lstr lustre 光泽silky 丝绢光泽swelling properties 膨胀度，膨胀性solubiling 吸水性accessory mineral 次生矿范例clastic 碎屑岩If the representative samples from the siever have been selected and the percentage ofthe various constituents have been estimated, then the logical order of the sample description is: 如果从筛子中已选出具有代表性的岩样，而且该岩样的各组份含量已估计出，那么该岩样的描述顺序则为：1, ROCK TYPE 岩性，岩石类别2, COLOR 颜色3, HARDNESS 硬度（硬化作用）The common adjectives describing induration are:硬化作用一般的形容描述内容是：dense hard medium-hard soft spongy密集的，硬的，中等坚硬，软的，多孔的friable compact brittle slatey松散的致密的脆的板状的4, GRAIN SIZE 颗粒大小see to figure 2,1.5 （见图表2，1，5）5, GRAIN SHAPE 颗粒形状The only five general classes are considered and defined as following:唯一可考虑的五种一般类别为：sharp angular subangular rounded wellrounded尖棱状棱角状次棱角状磨圆状好的磨圆状6, SORTING 分选作用7, LUSTER 光泽The common used terms of the luster are: 关于光泽一般常使用的词组有：coated pitted frosted deeply etched frosty silky覆盖物坑状物霜状表面深度侵蚀霜状的丝绢光泽oily vitreous glassy shiny translucent earthy油脂光泽透明的玻璃的发亮的半透明的泥土状waxy sooty velety soapy resinous蜡状的乌黑色天鹅绒状肥皂状树脂状8, CEMENTATION 胶结，胶结物calcite dolomite sulfates iron oxides silica pyrite clays silts方解石白云石硫酸盐氧化铁硅质黄铁矿粘土粉砂siderite菱铁矿9, STRUCTURE 构造The structure of sandstone refers to: 砂岩的构造一般是指：laminations fractures fractures patterns banding nodular纹理裂缝裂缝形式条纹结核状The common structures of shales and siltstone are: 页岩和粉砂岩的构造是指：massive lumpy platy laminated foliated fissile块状团块状纹层状薄片状裂片状splintery flakey10, ACCESSORIES 次生矿物The common but minor constituents of sandstones are:常见的砂岩微量次生矿物有：biotite muscovite glauconite pyrite barite siderite chert黑云母白云母海绿石黄铁矿重晶石菱铁矿黑隧石coals solid hydrocarbons fossils煤固态烃化石11, INCLUSIONS 夹杂物gypsum anhydrite chert iron oxides noduies pellets of barite石膏无水石膏黑隧石氧化铁结核体重晶石球pyrite mud oolites coal concretionary materials黄铁矿泥浆鲕状岩煤固结材料Carbonate 碳酸盐岩After the lithology of the samples have been selected , the description of the carbonate can be do in the following order:岩样岩性选择好后，碳酸盐岩的描述可依以下顺序进行：1, COLOR 颜色The normal colors of limestones and dolomites are: gray, white, buff, brown石灰岩和白云岩的正常颜色是：灰色，白色，浅黄色，棕色2, GRAIN SIZE 颗粒大小3, CHARACTOR OF GRAINS 颗粒特征Fragments can be described in the same as sand grains:碎屑可和砂岩一样进行描述sharp angular subangular rounded globular spheroidal尖棱角棱角状次棱角状圆状球形扁球形Oolites may be classed as: spheroidal, spherical, elliptical, irregular, flattened鲕粒可分类为：扁球形，球形，椭圆状，不规则状，拉平状4, TEXTURE 结构see to the figure 2.3.4 （参见表2。
地质学常用中英文词汇对照表按章节
阐述expound(explain), state引入introduce into相应的corresponding概念conception概论overview概率probability概念化conceptualize宏观的macroscopic补充complement规划plan\证明demonstrate, certify, attest证实confirmation补偿compensate, make up, imburse 组合式combined type相互作用interaction稳定性评价stability evaluation均质性homogeneity介质medium层layer, stratum/1地形地貌geographic and geomorphic地形land form地貌geomorphology, relief地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit 坡度grade地形图relief map河谷river valley河道river course河床river bed(channel)冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook).河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)阶地terrace冲积平原alluvial plain三角洲delta古河道fossil river course, fossil stream channel冲积扇alluvial fan洪积扇diluvial fan分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform&溶洞solution cave, karst cave2地层岩性地层geostrome (stratum, strata)岩性lithologic character, rock property岩层bed stratum 岩层layer, rock stratum母岩matrix, parent rock 相变facies change硬质岩strong rock, film软质岩weak rock&硬质的competent软质的incompetent基岩bedrock覆盖层overburden交错层理cross bedding层面bedding plane片理schistosity层理bedding波痕ripple-mark泥痕mud crack@雨痕raindrop imprints造岩矿物rock-forming minerals 粘土矿物clay mineral高岭土kaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz】长石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene, picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite构造structure结构texture组构fabric(tissue)矿物组成mineral composition 】产状attitude火成岩igneous岩浆岩magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩effusive rock深成岩plutonic rock浅成岩pypabysal rock酸性岩acid rock；中性岩inter-mediate rock基性岩basic rock超基性岩ultrabasic rock岩基rock base (batholith)岩脉（墙）dike岩墙rock dike岩床rock sill岩脉vein dyke花岗岩granite流纹岩rhyolite<闪长岩diorite辉长岩gabbro玄武岩basalt橄榄岩dunite火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩tuff沉积岩sedimentary rock碎屑岩clastic rock粘土岩clay rock￥粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone化学岩chemical rock生物岩biolith砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartz sandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone 泥岩mudstone—页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo-calcareous泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous 砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous硅质的siliceous!有机质organic matter粗粒coarse grain中粒medium-grained沉积物sediment (deposit)漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay《粘粒clay grain砂质粘土sandy clay粘质砂土clayey sand 壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)软泥ooze淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay冲积物（层）alluvion冲积的alluvial{洪积物（层）proluvium, diluvium, diluvion洪积的diluvial冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium残积粘土residual clay变质岩metamorphic rock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss，石英岩quartzite大理岩marble3地质构造地质构造geologic structure大地构造geotectonic构造运动tectogenesis造山运动orogeny升降运动vertical movement水平运动horizontal movement完整性perfection(integrity)-产状要素elements of attitude产状attitude, orientation走向strike倾向dip倾角dip angle, angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲fold单斜monocline向斜syncline背斜anticline《穹隆dome挤压squeeze上盘upper section下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall断距separation相交intersect断层fault正断层normal fault逆断层reversed fault平移断层parallel fault.层理bedding, stratification地堑graben地垒horst, fault ridge断层泥gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge擦痕stria, striation断裂fracture破碎带fracture zone节理joint节理组joint set裂隙fissure, crack（微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure 原生裂隙original joint次生裂隙epigenetic joint张裂隙tension joint剪裂隙shear joint卸荷裂隙relief crack碎裂结构cataclastic texture板状结构platy structure薄板状lamellose块状的lumpy, massive!层状的laminated巨厚层giant thick-laminated薄层状的finely laminated软弱夹层weak intercalated layer夹层inter bedding,intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer夹泥层clayey intercalation夹泥inter-clay连通性connectivity切层insequent&影响带affecting zone完整性integrity n.Integrate v. & a.degree of integrality破碎crumble胶结cement泥化argillization尖灭taper-out错动diastrophism错动层面faulted bedding plane*断续的intermittent共轭节理conjugated joint透镜状的lens-shaped a.岩屑cuttings, debris薄膜membrane, film层理stratification高角度high dip angle 缓倾角low dip angle反倾anti-dip互层interbed v.'Interbedding n.粒径particle size构造层tectonosphere挤压compression均一的homogeneous致密close, compact构造岩tectonite糜棱岩mylonite断层角砾岩fault breccia方解石脉calcite vein（碎块岩clastic rock角砾breccia岩粉rock powder岩屑debris, debry固结consolidation4水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions大气圈atmosphere水圈hydrosphere岩石圈geosphere^地表径流surface runoff地下径流subsurface runoff流域valley, drainage basin流域面积drainage area, river basin area 汇水面积catchment area地下水ground water, subsurface water地表水surface water大气水atmospheric water气态水aqueous (vapour) water液态水liquid water!固态水solid water吸着水hygroscopic (adsorptive) water 介质medium空隙void孔隙水压力pore water pressure静水压力hydrostatic pressure外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure动水压力hydrodynamic pressure渗透力seepage pressure外水压力external water pressure【内水压力internal water pressure水位water level, stage level水头water head含水层aquifer透水层permeable layer, pervious layer不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge, impervious layer,impermeable layer, aquiclude地下分水岭groundwater ridge孔隙水pore water@裂隙水fissure water岩溶水karstic water结合水bound water, combined water 吸着水hydroscopic water薄膜水pellicular water毛细水capillary water重力水gravitational water凝结水condensation water地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwater occurrence…压水试验packer permeability test5工程勘察engineering investigation勘测survey勘察阶段investigational stage初步设计primary design初步规划preliminary scheme初步勘探preliminary prospecting初步踏勘ground reconnaissance可行性研究阶段feasibility stage）初步设计阶段preliminary stage踏勘reconnaissance, inspection地质测绘geological survey工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping钻探borehole operation, boring物探geophysical exploration洞探exploratory adits钎探rod sounding坑探exploring mining槽探trenching￥比例proportion地形图geographic map地貌图geomorphological map地质图geological map实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section)构造地质图geological structure map第四纪地质图quarternary geological map 地质详图detail map of geology地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log[纵剖面图longitudinal section横剖面图cross section展示图reveal detail map节理玫瑰图rose of joints基岩等高线bed rock contour层底等高线contour of stratum bottom岩层界线strata boundary岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface 坐标coordinate分层bed separation地质点geological observation point勘探点exploratory point (spot)勘探线exploratory line勘探孔exploration hole金刚石钻进diamond drilling6安全监控可靠性检查reliability checking监控模型monitoring and prediction model监测monitoring资料datum, data可靠性reliability稳定性stability安全safety评估evaluation, appraise评定assessment, assess, rate评价准则criterion灾害hazard, calamity确定性方法论Deterministic methodology应急行动计划EAP(emergency action plan)事故accident静力（Static Analysis）动力（Dynamic Analysis）Evidently 明显的Correspondingly adv.相应地; 相关地; 相同地。
常用沉积学词汇
凹坑pool，chute白垩chalk白云化灰岩dolomitized limestone白云母muscovite白云石dolomite白云岩dolostone, dolomitite斑点构造mottled structure斑礁patch reef斑晶porphyrotope斑脱岩bentonite搬运作用transportation板状晶体laths半深海helmipelagic半自形晶subhedral棒形蛀木虫迹teredolites clavatus包卷层理convolute lamination包卷构造comvolute structure堡礁(障壁礁) barrier reef抱球虫软泥globigerina ooze比拟试验模式scaled experimental model碧玉jasper边滩point bar辫状河braided channel标志层key bed标准偏差standard deviation表面结构surface texture表皮鲕superficial Oolits表栖动物epifauna表生成岩作用epidiagenesis表生作用epigenesis表土regolith滨湖亚相lake-shore滨面shoreface滨线shoreline冰雹痕hail impression冰川glacier冰-海沉积物glacier-marine sediment冰川相glacial facies冰碛物till冰碛岩tillite冰水沉积outwash波长wave length 波高wave height波痕ripple波状层理wavy bedding剥离线理parting lineation不等粒inequigranular不整合unconformity槽痕flute槽模flute casts侧向沉积作用lateral sedimentation侧向加积lateral accretion测井沉积学well-logging sedimentology测井相electrofacies层bed层间流interflow层孔虫stromatoporoid层理stratification，bedding，lamination 层流laminar flow层内溶解作用intrastratal solution层系set层系组coset层序地层学sequence stratigraphy次长石净砂岩subarkose次生孔隙secondary porosity次岩屑净砂岩sublitharenite长石feldspar长石砂岩feldspar sandstone长石净砂岩arkose长石净砂岩类arkosic arenite长石杂砂岩feldspathic greywacke长石杂砂岩类arkosic greywacke潮道tidal channel潮间带intertidal潮控三角洲tidal-dominated delta潮坪tidal flat潮上带supratidal潮汐层理tidal- bedding潮汐流ebb current潮汐三角洲tidal delta潮下带subtidal zone沉积分异作用sedimentary differentiation沉积构造sedimentary structure沉积后作用postdeposition沉积环境depositional environment沉积模式sedimentary model沉积盆地sedimentary basin沉积铁矿sedimentary iron ores沉积物sediment沉积物重力流sediment gravity flow沉积相sedimentary（depositional）facies沉积学sedimentology沉积岩sedimentary rocks沉积岩石学sedimentary petrology沉积作用sedimentation，deposition成分成熟度compositional matuarity成岩作用diagenesis赤铁矿hematite冲积平原alluvial plain冲积扇alluvial fan冲裂avulsion冲流swash冲流回流带zone of swash and backwash冲刷痕scour mark冲洗交错层理swash bedding冲溢扇washover fan储层reservoir储油窗oil –windows床沙bed床沙形体bed form床沙载荷bed load吹程fetch垂向沉积作用vertical accretion丛藻迹chondrites粗砾cobble粗枝藻门dasyclads大潮spring tide大陆架continental shelf大陆隆continental rise大陆坡continental slope大洋盆地basin带穴迹taenidium带状迹teanidium袋状钻孔迹rogerella单杯迹monocraterion单成份砾岩oligomictic conglomerate 岛(弧)-海(沟)体系arc-trench system 岛弧island arc等深流contour current等深积岩contourite等趾迹isopodichnus等足迹isopodichnus低镁方解石low-magnesian calcite 低弯度河道low-sinuosity channel 低位体系域low-stand systems tract 堤岸bank底痕sole mark底积层bottomset底模solecast底栖生物benthos底载河道bedload channel地层strata地层倾斜录井dipmeter log地层水formation water地球化学geochemistry地球物理geophysics地震地层学seismic stratigraphy地震勘探seismic exploration递变层graded layer递变悬浮作用graded suspension典型浊积岩clastic turbidite电测井electric log叠层石stromatolite叠瓦状排列imbricate arrangement 顶积层topsets动态模式dynamic model动藻迹zoophycus豆粒pisolite段member对称波痕symmetrical ripple鲕粒oolite二叶石迹cruziana反递变层理reverse grading反沙丘层理antidune bedding反向递变的inversely graded泛滥盆地flood basin泛滥平原flood plain方沸石Analcime方解石calcite放射虫Radiolarians放射性测井radioactivity log非补偿（饥饿）沉积starved basin 非显晶质的aphanitic沸石zeolite分流河道distributary channel分流河口砂坝distributary-mouth bar 分流间湾interdistributary分选系数So分选作用sorting粉砂silt粉砂岩siltite,siltstone粉砂页岩silt shale球粒pellet风暴大潮storm surge风成eolian风成波痕eolian ripple,wind ripple风成交错层理aeolian cross bedding 风成岩eolianite风化作用weathering风生流wind-drift current风蚀deflation峰度curtosis缝合线stylolite弗劳德数Froude number浮游生物plankton腐泥sapropel负载（荷）构造load structure复成分砾岩polymictic conglomerate 复理石flysch钙结层caliche干酪根kerogen干盐湖playa高岭石kaolinite高弯度河道high-sinuosity channel 高位体系域high-stand systems tract 根珊瑚迹rhizocoralliun耕作迹agrichnia沟模groove casts沟蠕形迹taphrhelminthopsis古拉迹paleohelcura古生态学paleoecology古生物paleontological古水流标志paleocurrent indicator 古土壤paleosols古网迹palaeodictyon古斜坡paleoslope骨架岩framestone固着底栖生物sessile benthos光合作用photosynthesis硅镁层sima硅土，二氧化硅silica硅质silic-硅质碎屑siliciclastic国际沉积学家学会IAS(International Association of Sedimentologists)海(湖)泛面flooding surface海(湖)滩beach海岸带coastal zone海底扇submarine fan海底峡谷submarine canyon海沟trench海进体系域transgressive systems tract 海浪sea wave海绿石glauconite海平面变化sea-level changes海平面升降eustasy海侵transgression海侵层序transgressive sequence海生迹thalassinoides海滩marine beach海滩脊ridge of a beach海相三角洲marine delta海洋ocean旱谷arroyo, wadi河床（道）channel河床滞留lag河底滞留沉积channel floor lag河控三角洲fluvial delta河口湾estuary河流相fluvial河漫overbank核形石oncilite褐铁矿limonite黑色页岩black shale黑云母biotite红藻植物门rhodophyta后滨backshore后成作用katagenesis,anadiagenesis弧间盆地interarc basin弧内盆地intra-arc basin弧前盆地forearc basin湖lake湖泊环境lacustrine environment湖泊相lacustrine湖面波动seiche湖沼学limnology滑[动]痕slide mark滑塌构造slump structure滑塌岩slumps还原硫酸盐细菌desulfouibrio,desulfomaculmi还原作用reduction环境沉积学environmental sedimentology环线迹spirorhaphe黄铁矿pyrite黄土loess灰泥micrite灰泥岩mudstone灰质白云岩calcareous dolostone回流backflow，backwash混杂沉积岩diamicton混杂堆积物mélange混载荷流mixed-load channel火山弹bomb火山灰ash火山灰流ash flow火山角砾岩volcanic breccia火山块block火山泥石流lahar火山碎屑pyroclastic debris，tephra火山碎屑流pyroclastic flow火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock火焰构造flame structure鸡笼状的chickenwire集合粒aggregate集块岩agglomerate加积accretion加积作用aggradation假亮晶pseudospar尖峰度的jeptokurtic 剪切shearing交错层cross beds交错层理cross bedding; cross stratification交错纹crossed-lamellar交错纹层cross laminae胶结物cement胶结作用cementation胶磷矿collophane礁reef礁核reef core礁后相backreef facies礁麓堆积reef talus礁前相forereef facies礁相reef facies角度不整合angular unconformity角砾岩breccias节藻迹phycodes结晶碳酸盐岩crystalline carbonate界面bounding surfaces金藻门chrysophyta津（波）浪tsunami近滨nearshore进潮口tidal inlet进积作用progradation进食构造feeding structures进食迹fodinichnia晶面crystal face晶体crystal井形穴shafts净砂岩arenite静态模式static model居住构造dwelling structure居住迹domichnia居住潜穴dwelling burrows巨画迹megagrapton巨砾boulder决口扇crevasse，crevasse splay均匀悬浮uniform suspension颗粒grain ，particle颗粒流grain flow颗粒岩grainstone颗粒支撑的particle -supported ，grain-supported可劈性fissility可容空间accommodation space克拉通craton孔隙（度）pore，porosity块状层理massive bedding块状砂岩massive sandstone浪成波痕wave-generated ripple浪成沙纹层理wave- ripple bedding浪基面wave base浪控三角洲wave-dominated delta雷诺数Reynolds number-Re类沙蚕迹nereites累积频率曲线cumulative-frequency curve离岸（裂）流rip current犁沟迹aulichnites丽线迹cosmorhaphe砾gravel砾漠reg砾屑灰岩calcirudite砾屑岩rudite砾岩conglomerate粒度grain size粒度概率图probability plot粒度中值Md粒间孔隙度intergranular porosity粒屑灰岩grainstone粒序层理graded bedding亮晶sparite亮晶方解石sparry calcite亮晶灰岩sparite亮煤clarain裂隙fracture临滨shoreface磷灰岩phosphorite磷酸盐岩phosphate rock菱铁矿siderite流动体制flow regimes流痕rill impression流态flow regime流体化作用fluidization硫酸盐sulphate漏斗形funnel shape陆表海epicontinental sea 陆架边缘体系域shelf margin systems tract陆相terrestrial陆缘海marginal sea陆源碎屑岩terrigenous clastic rocks陆表海epeiric sea绿泥岩chlorite绿藻门chlorophyta,卵石质砂岩pebbly sandstone螺管迹gyrolithes洛伦茨迹corenzinia脉状层理flaser bedding漫流sheet flow漫游迹planoliies煤coal煤化作用coalification锰质岩manganess rock觅食迹pascichnia觅食拖迹grazing trails密度底流density underflow密度流density current密度跃层pycnocline磨拉石molasses母岩source rock, parent rock母岩区provenance，source area内成岩endogenetic内栖动物infauna内碎屑intraclast钠长石albite钠长石化albitization能量带energy belt泥mud泥板岩argillite泥晶micrite泥晶套micrite envelope泥粒灰岩（泥质颗粒岩）packstone 泥裂mud crack泥流mud flow泥石流debris flow泥质岩mudrock泥页岩argillutite泥支撑的mud supported泥质的argil拟蠕形迹helminthopsis逆行沙波regressive sand wave逆行沙丘antidune年代地层单位chronostratigraphic unit 鸟眼构造birds-eyes structure鸟足状三角洲bird-foot delta凝灰岩tuff凝聚颗粒aggregate grains凝块灰岩thrombolite牛顿流体Newtonian fluid牛轭湖ox-bow lake爬迹repichnia爬升沙纹层理climbing ripple bedding 爬行crawling拍岸浪surf盘旋虫科spirillinidae螃蟹迹psilonichnus跑动running泡沫痕foam impression盆内岩intrabasinal rock盆外岩石extrabasinal rock片流sheetwash偏度Sk1，skewness漂砾erratic平均粒径Mz平均值mean平行层理parallel bedding平直河straight channel破浪breaker破浪带breaker zone葡萄石grapestones气候带climate belts牵引[作用] traction牵引流tractive current牵引毯状沉积traction carpet前滨foreshore前积层foresets前三角洲沉积prodelta deposit浅海区neritic province浅滩shoal墙形迹teichichus丘状交错层理hummocky cross bedding球度sphericity球粒pellet，pellet peloids 球状粒peloid曲带迹curuolithus曲流meander曲流裁直neck cutoff曲流河meandering river取心钻井core drilling全球海平面变化eustatic change of sea level缺氧事件anoxic event群group群体生物colony(organisms)热云nuee ardente热云岩ignimbrite溶解载荷solutional load熔结凝灰岩ignimbrite蠕形迹helminthoida软流圈asthenosphere软泥ooze弱光带disphotic zone萨布哈（盐沼）sabkha三角洲delta三角洲平原delta plain三角洲前缘delta front三联点triple junction扫毛虫sabellarians沙坝bar沙波sand wave沙流sand flow沙漠desert沙漠相desert facies沙丘dune沙蜀迹arenicolites沙体Sand body沙纹ripples沙嘴spit砂sand砂火山sand volcanoes砂流sand flow砂屑detritus砂屑灰岩calcarenite砂岩sandstone砂枕构造pillow structure筛状沉积sieve deposition山鹿冲积平原bajada山麓piedmont珊瑚coral扇砾岩fanglomerate扇三角洲fan delta扇状三角洲fan-like delta 舌菌迹glossiofunhites蛇形迹ophiomorpha深海pelagic, deep sea深海带abyssal zone深海沟deep-sea trench深海平原abyssal深海扇deep-sea fan深泓线thalweg深水bathymetric深水盆地bathymetric basin渗透率permeability生长构造growth structure生物层biostrome生物带biozone生物地层学biostratigraphy生物灰岩biolithite生物礁reef生物颗粒bioclast生物亮晶灰岩biosparite生物内碎屑bioclastic生物泥晶灰岩biomicrite生物丘bioherm生物扰动作用bioturbation生物遗迹化石trace fossil石膏gypsum石化作用lithification石灰岩limestone石漠hamada石英quarts石英砂岩quartz sandstone，silicarenita 石英净砂岩quartz arenite石英杂砂岩quartzwack石针迹skolithos石枝藻litho-thammium始成岩作用eodiagenesis示顶底标志geopetal criterion事实模式actual model数学模式mathematical model刷模brush casts双杯迹diplocraterion双形迹dimorphichus双趾迹diplichifes水道channel水流current，aqueous flow水流痕current mark水流上涌upwelling水流线理current lineation水平层理horizontal bedding水体分层stratification of the water column水下泥石流subaqueous debis flow水下岩崩subaqueous rockfall水悬浮作用aqueous suspension斯科阳迹scoyenia似海生迹thalassinoides似海星迹asteriacites似蠕形迹helminthopsis似藻迹phycodes碎屑颗粒detrital particle燧石flint ，chert他生沉积物allochthonous sediments它形晶anhedral塌积角砾岩collapse braccia塔斯曼迹tasmanadia台地platform苔藓虫fenestrate bryozoans滩bank滩脊beach ridge碳酸盐carbonate碳酸盐岩carbonate rock, carbonatite碳酸盐岩补偿深度carbonate compensation depth碳酸盐岩隆（建隆）carbonate buildup 逃逸构造escape structure逃逸迹fugichnia体系域systems tract天然堤levee，natural levee填集作用packing跳模bounce casts跳跃作用saltation铁岩ironstone铁质岩ferruginous rock停息迹cubchnia同沉积滑塌构造syndepositinal slump structure同生白云岩syngenetic dolostone同生作用syngenesis透光带photic zone透镜状层理lenticular bedding湍流turbulent flow团块lumps退覆层序offlap sequence洼状交错层理swaley cross bedding外成岩exogenetic rock外来岩块exotic block外生沉积物exogentic sediments弯曲锚形迹ancorichnus coronus晚成岩作用telodiagenesis网状（交织）河流anastomosing stream，anastomosed river微亮晶microspar微斜长石microcline胃形钻孔迹gastrochaenolites温跃层thermoclime纹层laminae，lamination纹层状的laminated纹理lamination纹泥,季节泥varve雯石（霰石）aragonite紊流turbulent flow无光带aphotic zone无粘结性颗粒cohesionless particle物源区provenance矽藻diatom细砾granule线管迹tigllites相facies相变facies change相标志facies mark相对海平面relative sea-level相序facies sequence （succession）向上变粗coarsening-upward向上变浅shoaling-upward，shallowing--upward小潮neap tide小间断diastem斜坡地形clinoform泄水构造water-escape structure泻湖lagoon新生变形作用neomorphism新月形沙丘barchan dune信风trade winds星瓣迹asterosoma休息迹resting traces悬浮（移）负载suspended load选择交代作用selective replacement压扁层理flaser bedding 压刻痕toll mark压溶作用pressure solution压实作用compaction盐水楔saltwater wedge岩石地层单位lithostratigraphic unit岩石地层学lithostratigraphy岩石圈lithosphere岩石学petrology岩相lithofacies岩相古地理lithofacies paleogeography 岩屑rock fragment，lithic岩屑砂岩lithic sandstone，rock fragment sandstone岩屑净砂岩litharenite岩屑杂砂岩lithic greywacke岩屑质长石净砂岩lithic arkose岩性lithological沿岸流longshore current沿岸沙坝longshore bar盐度salinity盐湖salt lakes盐碱滩salina氧化作用oxidation页岩shale液化liguefaction液化沉积物流fluidized sediment flow 液化作用liquefaction伊利石illite遗迹化石ichnofossil，trace fossil遗迹相ichofacies异化颗粒allochem粘结灰岩bindstones硬砂岩greywacke硬石膏anhydrite涌浪swells尤尔斯特龙图解Hiulstrom diagram油气储层地质建模reservoir geological M odeling油页岩oil shale游泳生物nekton organisms原生孔隙primary porosity有效孔隙度effective porosity羽状交错层理herringbone cross bedding雨痕rain impression原始古网迹protopalaeodictyon圆度roudness越岸沉积overbank deposit运动迹moving traces韵律层理rhythmic bedding杂基matrix杂基支撑matrix supported杂砂岩graywacke，wacke载荷load再作用面(复活面)reactivation surface 藻管迹phycosiphon藻类algae藻团块algae lumps藻团粒algal poliods藻席Algal mats造礁珊瑚hermatypic coral粘度viscosity粘结岩boundstone粘土级clay size粘土矿物clay mineral粘土岩claystone涨潮流flood current帐篷构造tepees障壁barrier障壁岛barrier island障壁沙咀barrier spit障积岩bufflestone沼泽相swamp振荡波痕oscillation ripples蒸发岩evaporites正常鲕normal Oolits正递变的normally graded正化颗粒orthochems正态分布normal distribution直观模式visual model指状沙坝bar-finger sand指状钻孔迹trypanites中成岩作用mesodiagenesis中峰度的mesokertic中砾pebble中值median钟形bell shape众数mode 重晶石barite重流层heavy-fluid layer皱饰迹rusophycus蛀木虫迹teredolites铸模mold铸模孔隙moldic porosity铸型cast锥模prod casts坠积物colluvium准层序parasequence准层序组parasequence set浊积石灰岩allodapic limestone浊积岩turbidite浊流turbidity current自生沉积物autochthonous sediments 自生的authigentic自形晶euhedral自悬浮autosuspension组formation组构fabric钻孔迹trypanites。
中英对照地质学专业词汇
damping effect 钴毒砂
熔蚀皮 danaite
ablation till 消融碛 ablykite 阿布石
danalite 铍榴石 danburite 寞黄晶
abnormal 异常的 abnormal interference color 异常干涉色 abnormal metamorphism 异常变质酌 abolition 废除 abrade 剥蚀 abrasion 海蚀 abrasion platform 磨 蚀台地 abrasion surface 浪蚀 面 abrasion terrace 磨蚀 阶地 abrasionn test 磨耗试 验 abrasive 磨料;海蚀的 abrazite 多水高岭土 absarokite 正边玄武 岩 absite 钍钛铀矿 absolute age 绝对年 龄 absolute black body 绝对黑体 absolute chronology 绝对年代学 absolute dating 绝对 年代测定 absolute geopotential 绝对重力势 absolute porosity 绝对 孔隙率 absolute pressure 绝 对压力 absolute structure 绝 对构造 absorbed water 吸附 水 absorbent 吸收剂
变形椭球体 变形组构 变形构造 塑变双晶
deformation twinning
degasify 脱瓦斯 degass 脱瓦斯 degeneration 退化 deglaciation 冰消 degradation 减嚣夷酌
achiardite
坏晶石
degraded alkali soil degraded chernozem degranitization
水利水电英汉词汇
水利水电工程地质常用词汇（汉英对照）1.地质年代geological period (2)2.岩性rock character (2)2．1 第四系沉积物quaternary deposit (2)2．2 沉积岩sedimentary rock (2)2.3变质岩metamorphic rock (3)2.4 火成岩igneous rocks (5)3.常见矿物mineral (6)4. 颜色(Colour) (7)5.岩石与岩体结构(Rock and rockmass structure) (8)5.1岩石结构Rock structure (8)5.2岩体结构Rock mass structure (8)6.地质构造Geological structure (8)6.1断层(fault) (9)6.2褶皱(fold) (9)6.3节理及夹层(joint and interbed) (10)6.4结构面性状 (10)7.物理地质现象 (10)7.1风化、蚀变、卸荷 (10)7.2崩塌、滑坡 (11)7.3岩溶(karst) (11)8．水文地质 (11)8.1地下水类型 (11)8．2渗流状态 (11)9．岩体力学指标 (12)9．1岩石力学参数 (12)9．2土力学参数 (12)9.3岩体力学参数 (12)10. 建筑材料(construction material) (12)11. 试验(experiment) (13)12.水工设计(hydraulic design) (15)12.1设计阶段(design stage) (15)12.2水工建筑物(hydraulic structure) (15)13.地质图件和图表 (17)13.1地质图件 (17)13.2地质图表 (20)14.其它 (26)14.1地形、地貌 (26)14.2 地震 (27)14.3 地应力 (27)14.4 边坡 (29)14.5 基础 (29)14.6 地下硐室 (30)14.7 地质勘探 (32)14.8 测量 (33)14.9 施工 (34)1.地质年代geological period代（界）Era(erathem)新生代（界）cenozoic era (erathem) 中生代（界）mesozoic era (erathem) 古生代（界）palaeozoic era (erathem) 元古代（界）proterozoic era (erathem) 太古代（界）archaeozoic era (erathem) 晚元古代（上元古亚纪）upper proterozoic subera (suberathem) 中元古代（中元古亚纪）middle proterozoic subera (suberathem)早元古代（下元古亚纪）lower proterozoic subera (suberathem)纪（系）Period (system)第四纪（系）quaternary period (system)第三纪（系）tertiary period (system) 晚第三纪（系）neogene period (system)早第三纪（系）neogene (paleogene) period (system) 白垩纪（系）cretaceous period (system) 朱罗纪（系）jurassic period (system) 三叠纪（系）triassic period (system) 二叠纪（系）permian period (system) 石灰纪（系）carboniferous period (system)泥盆纪（系）devonian period (system) 志留纪（系）silurian period (system) 奥陶纪（系）ordovician period (system)寒武纪（系）combrain period (system) 震旦纪（系）sinian period (system) 世（统）epoch (series)全新世（统）holocene epoch (series) 更新世（统）pleistocene epoch (series) 上新世（统）pliocene epoch (series) 中新世（统）miocene epoch (series) 渐新世（统）oligocene epoch (series) 始新世（统）eocene epoch (series) 古新世（统）paleccene epoch (series) 群Group阶（组）Formation2.岩性rock character 2．1 第四系沉积物quaternary deposit堆积物accumulation冲积物alluvium洪积物diluvium坡积物slope wash滑坡堆积物slide sediments 2．2 沉积岩sedimentary rock漂石erratic boulder孤石lonestone块石rock block卵石pebble碎石debris砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt砂壤土sandy loam壤土loam淤泥mud粘土clay填筑土backfill砾岩conglomerate砾砂岩conglomeratic sandstone 砾石层gravel砾屑白云岩dolorudite砾屑石灰岩calcirudite砾屑岩rudite(rudyte)砾质灰岩（粗粒状灰岩）rudstone 砾质泥gravelly sand砾质片麻岩psephite-gneiss砾质砂gravelly sand砾质砂泥岩yakatagite砾质岩psephite砂岩sandstone砂质角砾岩sandy breccia砂质角岩arenaceous hornfels砂质砾岩sandy conglomerate砂质泥sandy mud砂质泥灰岩sandy marl砂质粘土sandy clay砂质凝灰岩psammite tuff砂质燧石sandy chert砂质亚粘土barra vermelho砂质岩psammite石英砂岩quartzose sandstone长石砂岩feldspathic岩屑砂岩lithite角砾岩breccia粉砂岩siltstone粘土岩claystone（clay rock）粘土板岩caly slate粘土化斑岩claystone porphyry 粘土泥灰岩clay marl粘土页岩clay shale粘土质粉砂clayey silt粘土质角砾岩clayey breccia粘土质砂clayey sand粘土质砂岩clayey sandstone页岩shale钙质页岩calcareous shale铁质页岩feruginous shale 硅质页岩silious shale炭质页岩carbonaceous shale油页岩kerogen shale( oil shale)灰岩、石灰岩limestone鲕状灰岩oolitic limestone粒状灰岩granular limestone板状灰岩platy limestone泥质灰岩argillaceous limestone 结晶灰岩crystalline limestone 致密灰岩compact limestone生物碎屑灰岩bioclastic limestone 白云岩dolomite白云质灰岩dolomitic limestone 白云石质大理岩dolomitic marble 白云质角岩dolomitic hornfels白云质泥灰岩dolomitic-marl白云质泥岩dolomitic mudstone 白云石粘土质泥灰岩dolomite-clay marl白云石片岩dolomitic schist白云石砂岩doloarenite白云石碳酸岩dolomite carbonatite 白云石质砾岩dolomitic marble 泥灰岩marl泥灰质粘土marly clay泥灰质壤土marlaceous loam泥灰质砂岩marly sandstone2.3变质岩metamorphic rock破碎角砾岩catalastic breccia碎裂岩cataclasite糜棱岩mylonite千枚糜棱岩phyllonite板岩slate角斑岩keratophyre角斑玢岩keratophyrite千枚岩phyllite片岩schist云母片岩mica schist滑石片岩talc schist角闪石片岩amphibole schist蓝闪石片岩glaucophane schist绿岩（绿闪石片岩）noricite片麻岩gneiss流纹片麻岩rhyolite-gneiss大理岩marble钙质白云石大理岩calc-dolomite marble石英岩quartzite变质砂岩metasandstone变质长石砂岩meta-arkose变质大理岩metamarble变质辉长岩metagabbro变质基性岩metabasite变质角闪岩metaamphibolite变质结晶岩metaceystalline变质砾岩metaconglomerate变质泥岩metapelite变质片岩metamorphic schist变质闪长岩metadiorite变质石英岩metaquartzite变质碎屑岩metasedimentary变质碳酸盐岩metamorphic carbonate 变质碳酸岩metacarbonatite变质伟晶岩metapegmatite变质细碧岩metaspilite 变质玄武岩metabasalt变质英安岩eodacite变质正长岩metamorphic syenite 变质粉砂岩metamorphic siltstone 角闪岩(斜长角闪岩) amphibolite角闪片岩amphibolite-schist角闪安山岩hungarite角闪玢岩orbite角闪二辉麻粒岩pyribolites角闪沸煌岩giumarrite角闪钙长岩matraite角闪橄榄岩cortlandtite角闪硅酸岩muglalite角闪花岗岩pladorite角闪辉长岩bojite角闪辉绿玢岩proterobase porphyrite 角闪辉绿岩proterobase角闪辉霞岩mestigmerite榴辉岩eclogite榴辉橄榄岩gordunite榴辉角闪岩eclogite榴辉蓝晶岩grospydite榴辉铁橄岩eulysite辉石岩pyroxenite(pyroxenolite) 辉石安山岩pyroxene andesite辉石粗面岩pyroxene trachyte辉石二长岩pyroxene monzonite 辉石橄榄岩pyroxene peridotite 辉石黑云母花岗岩pyroxene-biotite granite辉石黑云母闪长岩pyroxene-biotite diorite辉石花岗岩pyroxene granite辉石辉长岩pyroxene gabbro辉石辉绿岩pyroxene diabase辉石碱性正长岩pyroxene alkali 辉石角闪岩pyroxene hornblendite 辉石麻粒岩pyroxene granulite辉石片麻岩pyroxene gneiss辉石闪长岩pypyroxene diorite辉石石英岩pyroxene quartzite辉石伟晶岩pyroxenite-pegmatite 辉石细晶岩pyroxene aplite辉石岩质蛇纹岩pyroxeneite serpentine辉石英安岩pyroxene dacite辉石正长岩pyroxene syenite 2.4 火成岩igneous rocks橄榄岩peridotite二辉橄榄岩lherzolite辉石橄榄岩pyroxene peridotite 角闪橄榄岩hudsonite橄榄辉长岩olivine-gabbro石英辉长岩quartz-gabbro正长辉长岩orthoclase-gabbro , syenite gabbro, syenogabbro橄榄苏长岩hyperite辉绿岩diabase橄榄辉绿岩olivine-diabase石英辉绿岩quartz-diabase拉斑辉绿岩devonite辉长玢岩garrbo-porphyrite玄武岩basalt拉斑玄武岩tholeiite安山玄武岩andesite basalt苦橄玄武岩hillhouse basalt 正长玄武岩basalatite蓝方玄武岩hauynite(hauyne-basalt) 粗粒玄武岩dolerite隐晶玄武岩aphanitic basalt闪长岩diorite石英闪长岩quartz-diorite角闪闪长岩hornblende diorite辉石闪长岩augite-diorite, pyroxenediorite安山岩andesite安山玄武岩andesite basalt安山拉长岩andesilabradorite安山斑岩andesite-porphyry安山凝灰岩andesite-tuff花岗岩granite花岗闪长岩granodiorite花岗闪长玢岩coroovadite花岗闪长斑岩granodiorite-porphyry 花岗闪长细晶岩granodiorite-aplite 花岗闪长花斑岩granodiorite-granophyre花岗片麻岩granitic gneiss花岗斑岩granite-porphyry流纹岩rhyolite, liparite流纹安山岩rhyoandesite流纹斑岩liparophyre流纹玄武岩rhyobasalt流纹英安岩rhyodacite, dellenite,liparite-dacite英安岩dacite, quartz andesite 英安安山岩dacite-andesite英安斑岩dacite-porphyrite英安流纹岩dacite-liparite正长岩syenite, sinaite正长斑岩syenite-porphyry,orthophyre, orthofelsite正长花岗岩syengranite正长煌斑岩syenite lamprophyre 正长白云岩krivoserite正长辉长岩syenogabbro正长辉绿岩orthobase正长流纹岩kanzibite正长片麻岩syenite gneiss正长片岩syenite-schist正长闪长岩syenodiorite, syenite diorite霞石正长岩nepheline syenite霞石正长细晶岩nepheline syenite-aplite霞石正长伟晶岩nepheline syenite-pegmatite霞石安山岩nepheline andesite霞石斑岩nepheline-porphyry霞石粗安岩tautirite霞石粗面岩nepheline trachyte霞石二长岩nepheline monzonite 霞石辉长岩nepheline gabbro霞石辉石岩nepheline-pyroxene rocks 霞石闪长岩nepheline diorite霞响岩nephelinitoid phonolite霞石玄武岩nepheline tachylite霞石岩nephelinoith响岩phonolite响岩质粗面岩phonolitic trachyte 向霞岩grazinite响质岩phonolitoid响岩质粗面岩phonolitic trachyte 煌斑岩lamprophyre煌斑花岗岩lamprophyre-granite 煌斑片岩lamproschist 煌斑正长岩lamprosyenite云母煌斑岩mica-lapmrophyre云煌岩minette闪辉煌斑岩garganite闪辉正煌岩vogesite闪斜煌斑岩spessartite细晶岩aplite辉长细晶岩beerbachite,gabbro-aplite 闪长细晶岩diorite-aplite斜长细晶岩plagiaplite花岗细晶岩granite-aplite辉长伟晶岩gabbro-pegmatite花岗伟晶岩granite- pegmatite正长伟晶岩syenite-pegmatite火山角砾岩volcanic breccia火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock凝灰岩tuff3.常见矿物mineral滑石talc叶腊石pyrophyllite蒙脱石montmorillonite蛭石vermiculite高岭石kaolinitic水云母hydromica石墨graphite硫sulfur褐铁矿limonite石膏gypsum绿泥石chlorite岩盐halite海绿石glauconite黑云母biotite白云母muscovite软锰矿manganese dioxide铝土矿bauxite蛇纹石serpentine自然金natural gold方解石calcite硬石膏anhydrite重晶石barytes白云石dolomite黄铜矿chalcopyrite闪锌矿blende文石aragonite孔雀石malachite菱镁矿magnesite菱铁矿siderite萤石fluorite硅灰石wollastonite磷灰石apatite兰晶石disthene普通角闪石hornblende 普通辉石augite斜方辉石orthopyroxene 透辉石diopside榍石titanite蛋白石opal钛铁矿ilmenite霞石nepheline透闪石tremolite阳起石actinolite白榴石leucite磁铁矿magnetite赤铁矿hematite透长石sinidine正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase黄铁矿pyrite绿帘石epidote 绿泥石chlorite符山石egeran橄榄石olivine石英quartz锆石zircon电气石tourmaline红柱石andalusite绿柱石beryl堇青石cordierite十字石staurolite黄玉topaz刚玉corundum金刚石diamond伊利石illite glimmerton 4. 颜色(Colour)粉红色pink橙红色salmon pink浅粉红色baby pink鲜粉红色shocking pink 褐色, 茶色brown灰褐色beige红褐色, 赭石色chocolate 浅褐色sandy beige驼色camel琥珀色amber卡其色khaki褐红色maroon绿色green苔绿色moss green鲜绿色emerald green橄榄绿olive green蓝色blue土耳其玉色turquoise blue 钴蓝色, 艳蓝色cobalt blue藏青色, 深蓝色, 天蓝色navy blue蓝绿色aquamarine blue红色red绯红, 猩红scarlet紫红mauve葡萄酒红wine red紫色purple, violet淡紫色lavender浅紫色lilac古紫色antique violet紫罗兰色pansy白色white灰白色off-white象牙色ivory雪白色snowy white乳白色oyster white灰色gray炭灰色charcoal gray烟灰色smoky gray雾灰色misty gray5.岩石与岩体结构(Rock and rockmass structure)5.1岩石结构Rock structure斑状结构porphyritic texture变余结构palimpsest structure等粒结构granulitic texture非均匀结构heterogeneous texture 辉绿结构ophitic texture角砾结构brecciated texture矿脉结构vein texture粒状结构granular texture流状结构fluidal texture糜棱结构mylonitic texture砂质结构arenaceous texture粘土质结构argillaceous texture 微晶结构microlitic texture显晶结构phanerocrystalline texture 5.2岩体结构Rock mass structure散体结构Loose structure碎块状结构Fragmental block structure碎屑状结构Clastic structure碎裂结构Cataclastic structure镶嵌结构Interlocked structure片碎结构Sheet- Cataclastic structure块状结构massive structure次块状结构Submassive structure整体结构integral structure6.地质构造Geological structure板状构造platy structure变形构造deformation structure 带状构造banded structure单斜构造uniclinal structure迭瓦构造decken structure多孔构造hiatal texture构造裂隙,压力裂缝,节理diaclase 环带构造,带状构造zonal structure集合体构造aggregate structure结核状构造concretionary structure 球状构造globular structure蠕状构造myrmekitic structure网状构造mesh structure杏仁状构造amygdaloidal structure 眼状构造augen structure雁行构造,梯队构造echelon structure 叶理构造foliation structure柱状构造columnar struture6.1断层(fault)正断层,下落断层downthrown fault 逆断层,上冲断层upthrown fault平移断层displacement fault,strike-slip fault背斜断层anticlinal fault挤压断层compression fault剪切断层shear fault共轭断层conjugated faults雁列断层en echelon faults地垒断层horst fault迭瓦断层mbricate fault逆掩断层,上冲断层overthrust fault 张性断层tension fault深断层abyssal fault 活断层active fault可能活断层capable fault断层擦痕fault striation断层破碎带Fractured zone角砾岩Breccia碎裂岩Cataclasite糜棱岩Mylonite断层泥Fault clay挤压片状岩Sliced rock透镜体Lens石英脉Quartz vein绿帘石脉Epidote vein铁锈,腐锈斑aerugo断层破碎带Fault fractured zone 断层影响带Fault influenced zone 节理密集带Joints dense zone层间挤压面（带）Crushed bedding plane (zone)断层影响带Fault nfluenced zone 6.2褶皱(fold)褶皱作用folding褶皱轴axis of the fold褶皱核foldkern褶皱弧arc of folding褶皱带belt of folded strata弯曲褶皱(地层) buckled folding 扭曲褶皱contorted fold拖曳褶皱drag fold闭合褶皱closed fold直立褶皱erect fold断层褶皱fault fold向斜syncline背斜anticline复背斜anticlinorium倒转背斜overturned anticline倾伏背斜plunging anticline背斜断层anticlinal fault揉皱crumple6.3节理及夹层(joint and interbed)节理joint羽状节理feder joint(feather joint) 羽状张节理pinnate tension joint羽状剪节理pinnate shear joint柱状节理columnar joint张性节理,受拉接缝tension joint 张开节理open joint节理玫瑰图joint rosette裂隙Fissure裂隙充填物fissurae filling裂隙间距spacing of fissure裂隙孔隙率fissuration porocity裂隙密度closeness of fissures裂隙频数degree of fissure裂隙水,间隙水interstitial water 微裂缝,微裂隙microfissure层面,顺层面,岩层面,层理,层理面bedding plane断层面fault plane节理面joint plane片理面schistosity plane接合面combination plane 接触面contact plane错动层面faulted bedding plane 不整合面plane of unconformity 软弱面plane of weakness破裂面plane of fracture滑面gliding plane滑移平面,滑动平面slip plane夹层intercalation泥化夹层argillized seam软弱夹层weak intercalated layers siltized粘土夹层clay course6.4结构面性状平直Gentle波动起伏fluctuation,rolling,wave 光滑Smooth粗糙Rough7.物理地质现象7.1风化、蚀变、卸荷风化weathering风化带zone of weathering风化壳crust of weathering风化砂weathering sandstone风化程度weathering degree全风化completely weathered强风化highly weathered弱风化moderately weathered微风化slightly weathered新鲜fresh蚀变alteration物理蚀变physical alteration化学蚀变chemical alteration热液蚀变hydrothermal alteration 蚀变矿物altered mineral蚀变火山岩altered volcanic rocks 卸荷relaxation岩石松弛relaxation of rock应力松弛relaxation of stress卸载岩石,消除应力的岩石relaxed rock7.2崩塌、滑坡崩塌collapse滑坡landslide7.3岩溶(karst)岩溶地形karst topography岩溶[侵蚀]基准karst base level 岩溶景观karst landscape岩溶盆地karst basin岩溶井karst well岩溶水karst water岩溶侵蚀karst erosion 8．水文地质8.1地下水类型地下水,潜水ground water地下水位,潜水位ground water level 地下水排泄区discharge area of ground water地下水位坡降gradient of water table 孔隙潜水pore groundwater裂隙潜水fissure groundwater裂隙承压水fissure artesian groundwater8．2渗流状态渗流,渗漏seepage渗流控制seepage control渗流区vadose region渗流速度percolation velocity渗流压力percolation pressure渗透性permeability渗透系数coefficient of permeability 渗透流量seepage discharge9．岩体力学指标9．1岩石力学参数强度strength抗压强度compressive strength 抗剪强度shear strength抗拉强度tensile strength抗弯强度,抗折强度bending strength 单轴抗压强度uniaxial compressive strength单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tensile strength 无侧限抗压强度unconfined compressive strength无排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength残余强度residual strength长期强度long term strength峰值(抗剪强度) peak value (of shearing strength)凝聚力,内聚力cohesion围压强度strength under peripheral pressure9．2土力学参数变形deformation 弹性变形elastic deformation塑性变形plastic deformation弹塑性变形elastic-plastic deformation粘弹性变形viscoelastic deformation 粘滞塑性变形,粘塑性变性visco-plastic deformation均匀变形homogeneous deformation 不均匀变形nonaffine deformation不可恢复变形,永久变形irreversible deformation屈服变形yield deformation徐变变形,蠕变变形creep deformation 渗透变形seepage deformation9.3岩体力学参数弹性模量elasticity modulus变形模量deformation modulus 剪切模量shear modulus粘弹性模量viscoelastic modulus 压缩模量modulus of compression 10. 建筑材料(construction material)天然骨料natural aggregate人工骨料artificial aggregate粗骨料coarse aggregate细骨料fine aggregate碱活性骨料alkali-reactive aggregate 混凝土骨料concrete aggregate人工砂artificial sand掺和料admixture配料batching石料rock material土料earth material开挖料excavation material渣料rock spoil天然砂砾料natural sand and gravel 粉煤灰fly ash碎石土debrisc soil砾质土gravelly soil粘性土cohesive soil; clayey soil分散性土dispersive soil分散性dispersivity崩解性disintegration(slaking)活动性指数activity index细度模数fineness modulus(FM)骨料级配gradation间断级配gap gradation连续级配continuous gradation砂砾石sand and gravel针状颗粒needle-shaped particle片状颗粒flake-shaped particle 软弱颗粒soft particle平均粒径mean diameter比重specific gravity天然密度natural density干密度dry density最大干密度maximum drydensity最优含水量optjmum water content 天然休止角nature angle of repose 堆积密度piling density紧密密度compation density石料场rock quarrying土料场soil borrow area存料场stockpile弃渣场spoil area有用层effective layer无用层unavailable layer剥离层overburden stripping formation 剥采比stripping ratio剥离量overburden amount开采quarry运输transportation质量quality储量reserve运距haul distance水泥cenment11. 试验(experiment)岩土现场测试field investigation ofsoils and rocks土工原位测试in-situ measurement of soils标准灌入试验standard penetration test动力触探试验dynamic cone penetration test静力触探试验static cone penetration test比灌入阻力specific penetration resistanc旁压试验pressuremeter test载荷试验plate bearing test十字板剪切试验vane shear test岩体原位测试in-situ measurement of rocks三维应力测试three-dimensional stess measurement地应力测量geostress survey应力解除法stress relief method应力恢复法stress restoration method 狭缝法（刻槽法）narrow slot method 收敛测量convergence measurement 现场直剪实验in-situ shear test承压板试验bearing plate test水力致裂法hydrofracturing method 声测井acoustic emission well (AEW) 现场监测field monitoring压水试验water-pressure test吕荣试验Lugeon test抽水试验pumping test注水试验water injection test灌浆试验grouting test点荷载试验point-loading test回弹测试rebond hammar test实验室试验laboratory test取样sampling原状土样undisturbed soil sample扰动土样disturbed soil sample物理力学性试验physical and mechanic properties test颗粒分析grading analysis三轴试验triaxial test击实试验proctor compaction test崩解试验slaking test尺寸效应scale effect时间效应time effect长期观测long-term observation试验资料test data试验成果test result试验报告test report12.水工设计(hydraulic design)12.1设计阶段(design stage)河流规划river planning选坝selecting damsite预可行性研究pre-feasibility study可行性研究feasibility study初步设计preliminary design技施设计tech-construction design招标设计tender design施工详图设计detail construction drawing design12.2水工建筑物(hydraulic structure)水利枢纽hydro project枢纽布置layout of hydro project挡水建筑物water retaining structure 取水建筑物water intake structure泄水建筑物water release structure输水建筑物water conveyance structure通航建筑物navigation structure 过鱼建筑物fish pass structure永久性建筑物permanent structure临时性建筑物temporary structure水工建筑物级别工程规模project scale主坝main dam副坝auxiliary dam坝轴线dam axis坝高high dam坝长length of dam坝顶dam crest坝底dam base坝坡dam slope坝间dam abutment坝踵dam heel坝趾dam toe坝段dam monolith重力坝gravity dam实体重力坝solid gravity dam混泥土重力坝concrete gravity dam 碾压混泥土坝roller compacted concrete dam浆砌石重力坝masonry gravity dam 空腹重力坝hollow gravity dam宽缝重力坝slotted gravity dam预应力重力坝prestressed gravity dam溢流重力坝overflow gravity dam灌浆廊道grouting gallery排水廊道drainage gallery检查廊道inspection gallery交通廊道access gallery拱坝arch dam拱轴线centerline of arch单曲拱坝single curvature arch dam 双曲拱坝double curvature arch dam 抛物线拱坝parabolic arch dam椭圆形拱坝elliptical arch dam薄拱坝thin arch dam重力拱坝gravity arch dam空腹重力拱坝hollow gravity arch dam溢流拱坝overflow arch dam支墩坝buttress dam平板坝flat slab buttress dam大头坝massive-head dam连拱坝mutiple-arch dam土石坝earth-rock dam土坝earth dam均质土坝homogeneous earth dam粘土心墙土石坝clay core earth-rock dam沥青混凝土心墙土石坝asphaltic concrete core earth-rock dam 粘土斜墙土石坝sloping core earth-rock dam沥青混凝土面板土石坝asphaltic concrete facing earth-rock dam溢流土石坝overflow earth-rock dam 钢筋混泥土面板堆石坝reinforced concrete facing rockfill dam防浪墙wave wall (parapet)护坡slope protection防渗铺盖impervious blanket棱体排水prism drainage反滤层filter溢洪道spillway开敞式溢洪道open channel spillway 正常溢洪道main spillway非常溢洪道emergency spillway陡槽式溢洪道chute spillway虹吸式溢洪道siphon spillway进水渠entrance channel闸门gate泄槽chute挑流鼻坎flip bucket;deflecting bucket 出水渠outlet channel冲刷坑scour hole; washout水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel导流隧洞diversion tunnel泄洪隧洞spillway tunnel发电隧洞power tunnel灌溉隧洞irrigation tunnel放空隧洞emptying tunnel有压隧洞pressure tunnel无压随洞free-flow tunnel不衬砌随洞unlined tunnel排水随洞drainage tunnel涵洞culvert填埋管buried pipeline沟埋管trenched pipeline钢性管rigid pipe柔性管flexible pipe钢筋混凝土管reinforced concrete pipe塔式进水口tower intake竖井式进水口shaft intake沉沙池sedimentation basin渡槽aqueduct(fiume)倒虹吸管inverted siphon落差建筑物drop structure通航建筑物navigation structure船闸navigation lock (ship lock)多级船闸muti-line lock (mutiple lock) 13.地质图件和图表13.1地质图件第四纪地质图quaternary geology map, quaternary geology plan 覆盖层地质图drift map, overburden map, drift plan基岩地质图bedrock map, bedrock plan构造地质图geological structure map, geological structure plan地质剖面图geological section, geological profile实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile横剖面图transverse profile, cross-section纵剖面图longitudinal profile综合柱状图composite columnar section立体投影图fence diagram钻孔柱状图geological log of drill hole , borehole log平硐展视图geological log of adit 水文地质图hydrogeological map 渗透剖面seepage profile等水位线图water table contour map实际材料图primitive data map, primitive data plan赤平投影图stereogram极点图point diagram等密图contour diagram节理玫瑰图rose diagram of joints, rosette joint diagram, strike diagram of joints区域地质图regional geological map水库地质图geological map of reservoir枢纽区工程地质图engineering geological plan of project area坝址区工程地质图engineering geological plan of damsite area引水渠尾水渠工程地质图engineering geological plan of Diversion and Tailwater channel厂房工程地质图engineering geological plan of power house浸没区及防护区工程地质图geological plan of immersion area and protection area天然建筑材料产地分布图distribution plan of a quarry and borrow areas for natural construction 坝址区实际材料图location plan of in-situ exploratory works on damsite心滩天然砂砾料场地质图geological plan of Xinta sand and gravel borrow area料场分布图 A distribute plan of borrow area土料场地质平面图geological plan of soil borrow area石料场地质平面图geological plan of rock quarry土料场地质剖面图geological section of soil borrow area石料场地质剖面图geological section of rock quarry坝轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile of dam axis坝趾板线工程地质剖面图engineering geological section along dam plinth厂房机组中心线工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile along central line of turbo generator units坝轴线防渗帷幕水文地质剖面图hydrologic engineering geological profile along imrervious curtain on dam axis右岸引航道轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile along right-bank navigation approach channel axis河床地质纵剖面图geological longitudinal profile of river bed上游围堰工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile upstream cofferdam下游围堰工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile downstream cofferdam上游子围堰轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological section along axis of upstream cofferdam下游子围堰轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological section along axis of downstream cofferdam施工大桥轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile along proposed construction ridge axis防护堤工程地质剖面engineering geological profile along protection embankment心滩天然砂砾料场地质剖面图geological profile of xintan sand and gravel area引水渠工程地质纵剖面图engineering geological lognitudinal profile along approach channel厂房工程地质横剖面图engineering geological transverse section of powerhouse厂房纵1工程地质剖面图engineering geological longitvpinal profile Ⅰof poweehouse土料场工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile of soil material borrow area导流洞工程地质纵剖面图engineering geological section along diversion tunnel放空隧洞工程地质纵剖面图engineering geological section along intermediate outlet tunnel溢洪道工程地质纵剖面图engineering geological section along spillway route溢洪道工程地质横剖面图engineering geological cross section of spillway区域主干断裂及强震带分布图Distribution of the regional major faults and pleistoseismic zones 工程区外围地震危险区active seismic zones around the project area 枢纽区Ⅱ、Ⅲ级结构面走向玖瑰图Strike rose diagram of discontinuity plane class Ⅱ、Ⅲin the project area 枢纽区Ⅱ、Ⅲ级结构面极点等密图Pole contour diagram of discontinuity plane classⅡ、Ⅲin the project area 枢纽区f、g极点等密图Pole contour diagram of f and g on the project area枢纽区左岸节理极点等密图Pole contour diagram of joints on the left bank in project area左岸坝肩上、下游侧边坡开挖示意图The schematic diagram of upstream and downstream side slop excavating on the left abutment砂砾层天然砂颗分曲线图Gradation curve of natural sand in sand and gravel layer心滩天然砂砾料场初勘探布置示意图Sketch map of exploratory arrangement during detailed exploration for Xintan sand and gravel borrow area天然含水量随深度变化图Variation of natural Moisture content with depth左岸颗粒分析粒配曲线图Grain size distribution curve of the left bank 左岸料区ρd~ω关系曲线图Left bank borrow area ρd ~ ωrelationship curves孔隙比（e）与（p）关系图Relationship between void ratio (e) and pressure (p)抗剪强度与垂直压力的关系曲线图Relationship curves between shear strength and vertical pressure物探工作布置图Layout of geophysical prospecting workA剖面地震勘探成果图Results of seismic prospecting on A profile PD2平洞锤击法Vp成果图V P results of hammer-blow survey on left wall of PD2aditZK14钻孔电阻率测井柱状图Log of comprehensive logging of ZK14 drillhole尾水渠开挖线excavation line of tailwater channel开采线excavation depth开挖线excavation line原地面线natural ground工程建筑物轮廓线outline of engineering structure正常蓄水位线normal storage water level设计蓄水位线design storage level 正常蓄水位normal WL.死水位min operating WL.百年洪水位100-tear flood WL. 正常尾水位normal TWL.最低尾水位min TWL.校核洪水位check flood WL.设计洪水位design flood WL.水库蓄水位线及高程storage leave and elevation of reservoir 料场范围线boundary of borrow area or quarry area普查范围线boundary line of general survey初查储量计算范围线boundary line of preliminarily investigated reserves风化界线boundary of weathered zones地下水位线groundwater level相对隔水层界线boundary of relative confining bed坝基开挖线及高程dam foundation excavation line and EL.厂房开挖线及高程powerhouse excavation line and EL.剖面线及编号geological section line and numbed, profile line and No. 端点end point转点transition测量控制点control point of survey接图表index to adjoining sheets 交厂横cross section of plant location 交纵1 cross profile 1剖面交点cross point of profile剖面距离distance勘探深度depth勘探间距spacing剖面方向direction13.2地质图表料场概况一览表summary ofborrow areas and quarry ones with construction各坝料颗粒分析级配曲线gradation curves of rock fill materials 表3-1泉水类型及流量Table 3-1 type and discharge of springs钻孔地下水位Groundwater level in drill holes钻孔压水试验单位吸水量汇总Summerized unit leakage rate value of water pressure test in drill holes钻孔岩芯试验室试验成果Laboratory testing of drill corn冲积层砂砾石试验成果Test results of alluvial gravel and sands冲积层粘土试验成果Test results of alluvial clay现场承压板变形模量试验成果In-situ plate-bearing test results现场剪力试验成果In-situ shear test resultsVp测定成果Results of Vp measurements现场地应力测量成果In-situ stress measurement results土料试验成果汇总表Test results of earth material土料试验成果表Test results of soil物理力学性试验成果Physical and mechanical test results显微镜鉴定矿物组成结果Mineral composition determined by microscope化学分析成果Results of chemical analysis岩石试验综合成果表Physical and mechanical properties化学分析结果Results of chemical analysis砂桨膨胀率试验成果Test results of mortar expansion ratio 化学试验结果Result of chemical tests节理统计表Summary of join可行性研究阶段完成钻探工作量统计表Completed drilling work quantities at feasibility study stage可行性研究阶段完成坑、槽探工作量统计表Completed test pits and trenches prospecting work quantities at feasibility study stage岩石力学现场试验项目及工作量统计表Field rock test items and their work quantities可行性研究阶段钻孔地下水位长期观测汇总表summary of long-term groundwater table observations in the drill holes at feasibility study in the project area工作量统计表Summary of work quantity本区地震统计表seismic summary in the region历史地震对坝址影响烈度表Influence intensity of the historic earthquake on the damsite工程区断层主要特征表Main characteristics of the fault in theproject area库区滑坡、崩塌体特征表Characteristics landslide and collapse in reservoir area库区褶皱形态特征表Characteristics of fold form in reservoir area库区断裂汇总表Summary of faults in reservoir area水库库岸分段特征及稳定性评价表Evaluation on stability and divisional characteristics on reservoir banks库区断裂破裂长度与诱发地震强度关系表The relationship between the induced earthquake magnitudeand the fractured length of the reservoir fault景洪水电站枢纽区结构面分级表Classification of discontinuity planes in project area枢纽区主要断层、挤压带汇总表Summary of major faults and compressive zones in project area枢纽区f、g发育特征表Dereloped characteristics of f and g in the project area枢纽区断层、挤压带（面）破碎带矿物分析成果表Mineral analysis results of the faults andcompressive zone (planes) in project area枢纽区断层、挤压带（面）破碎带物质化学分析成果表Chemical analysis results of mineral from faults and compressive zones (planes) in project area 枢纽区滑坡、松动体特征表Characteristics of landslide and loosened mass in project area枢纽区主要冲沟特征汇总表summary of characteristics of major gully in project area景洪水电站岩体风化程度分级表Classification of the weathering degree of rock mass of the Jinghong hydropower project枢纽区覆盖层及风化深度表Overburden layer and weathering depth in project area景洪水电站坝址区水质简分析成果汇总表Summary of simple analysis of water quality in dam area of Jionghong hydropower project枢纽区地下水水位长期观测资料统计表Summary of long-term observation data for groundwater table in project area枢纽区风化带、破碎带透水性统计表Permeability of the weathered and fractured zone in the project area岩石物理力学性试验成果汇总表Summary of test results of physico-mechanical property of rock 岩体现场变形试验成果表Results of in-situ deformation test of rock mass枢纽区各类岩体M、E建议值Recommended value of M & E of various type of the rock mass in the project area枢纽区各类岩体抗剪强度指标建议。