四级常考语法结构讲解

动名词

1．只能跟动名词作宾语的常见动词有：suggest，finish，avoid、mind，enjoy，quit，postpone，delay，practise，fancy，imagine，consider，deny，escape，miss，risk，confess（to），admit （to），appreciate，involve，favour，save，resent，survive等。见下例：

(1)He avoided giving us a definite answer．

(2)I enjoy working with you．

(3)Would you mind filling out this form？

(4)I appreciate ______ to your home．

a．to be invited b．to have invited

c．having invited d．being invited（答案d．CET4'91／6．）（注：want，need，require，deserve，demand等属另一类动词，如果以事物作主语时表示"需要"，后面要求跟动名词，这种动名词在形式上是主动态，实际上表达的是被动态的意思。）见下例：

(5)The floor requires washing．

(6) Your hair wants cutting．

(7)The garden needs watering．（注：need后面既可以跟动名词，也可以跟不定式被动态，表达的意思相同，如The garden needs to be watered．）另外，advise，recommend，allow，permit，forbid等动词后面既可以直接跟动名词作宾语（如advise starting early tomorrow），也可以跟带不定式的复合结构（如advise sb to do sth）。见下例：

(8)The teacher doesn't permit ______ in class．

a．smoke b．to smoke c．smoking d．to have a smoke（答案c．CET4'91/6．）（注：如果permit后面需跟以人作宾语的词，就需将该句改为：The teacher doesn't permit anybody to smoke in class．）

(9)I recommend (your) buying/you to buy this dictionary.（可以使用由物主代词限定的动名词作宾语）

2．要求跟动名词作宾语的短语动词和成语很多，常见的有：amount to"意味着，等于是说"；feel like"很想"；go on"继续"；aim at"旨在"；keep on"继续"；set about"开始，着手"；insist on"坚持要"；succeed in"成功地做……"；persist in"坚持（做）"；dream of"梦想"；object to"反对"；approve of"赞成"；refrain from"克制不做"；look forward to"期待着"；depend on"依赖于"；give up"放弃"；see to"处理，负责（做）"；fall to"开始（做）"；leave off"停下"；take to"变得喜欢"；put off"推迟"；participate in"参加"；come close to"几乎，差点"；join ill"参加"；suspect sb of"怀疑某人……"；excuse sb from"原谅某人……"；accuse sb of"指控某人……"；excuse sb from"允许某人不做…"；change sb with"控告某人……"；spend time…"花时间做……"；when it comes to…"至于，谈到"；waste time…"做……是浪费时间"；set one's heart/mind on…"决意要……"。见下例：

(1)He insisted on doing it in his own way．

(2)I've been looking forward to coming to China for a long time．

(3)The match was cancelled because most of the members ______ a match without a standard court．a．objected to having b．were objected to have c．objected to have d．were objected to having（答案a．CET4'91／6．object为不及物动词，后面要求跟介词to十名词或动名词，不能跟不定式，也没有被动态。）

(4)My father has taken to playing the golf at the weekends．

3．后面要求限动名词的形容词／过去分词十介词结构，常见的有：fond of"喜爱"；good at"擅长于"；sick of"厌烦"；proud of"为……感到骄傲"；keen on"热望于"；responsible for"对……负责"；capable of"能够"；afraid of"害怕"；thirsty for"渴望"；tired of"对……厌烦"；

interested in"对……感兴趣"；ashamed of"自惭于"；engaged in"忙于"；opposed to反对；accustomed to"习惯于"；given to"喜欢，常爱"；reduced to"到了……境地"；bent on"一心要"；get used to"习惯于"。见下例：

(1)They are all opposed to putting the meeting off．

(2)I am proud of being a member of the Chinese Communist Party．

(3)Is there any place you're particularly keen on visiting?

(4)Who is responsible for organizing the excursion？

虚拟语气

虚拟语气考试的频度非常大。虚拟语气主要分为两大类：谓语使用动词原形的情况及使用过去时或过去完成时的情况。

1．句子谓语需用动词原形的情况

1）英语中有些表示愿望、建议、命令、要求的动词的宾语从句的谓语需用

should十动词原形，美国英语多用动词原形，英国英语可用动词原形或用should十动词原形两种形式。

这些常用动词包括：suggest，propose，recommend，order，demand command request，require，insist，desire，ask，

urge，advise，move（提动议），prefer，determine，resolve，decide，vote，arrange.

这些动词变为被动态时，从句谓语仍需用虚拟式。见下例：

(1)Mary insisted that John come．

(2)We desire that the tour leader _____ us immediately of any change in plans．

a. inform

b. informs c．informed d．has informed（答案a．CET4'93/6.）

(3)Congress has decided that the present law be maintained．

(4)My father did not go to New York ；the doctor suggested that he _____ there．

a. not go

b. hadn't gone

c. not to go

d. wouldn't go（答案a．CET6）

(5)They demanded that the aggressor troops (should) be withdrawn immediately.

(6)They requested that we（should）send a delegation to their country．

(7)We prefer that the plan should be fully discussed before being put into execution．

（注：prefer的宾语从句谓语多用should十动词原形，也可直接用动词原形。）

(8)It is recommended that the project _____ until all the preparations have been made. a．not be started b．will not be started

c．Is not started d．Is not to be started （答案a.CET4'95／6．）

(9)It was arranged that they leave the following week．

(10) It is。quested．that John（should）give a performance at the party．

与这些动词同源的名词的同位语从句或表语从句的谓语动词也需用虚拟语气。

与这些动词相应的名词有：suggestion／proposal／recommendation／order／demand／request／requirement／insistence／desire／advice／motion（动议）／determination／resolution／decision/preference／arrangement等。见下例：

(1)He gave orders that the work（should）be started at once．

(2)Everyone was tired，so Bill got up and made a motion that the meeting be adjourned．

(3)Presently he made the suggestion that they carry on their conversation in French．

2）在一些形容词后面的从句谓语需用虚拟语气。

英语中有些表示必要性、重要性、愿望、建议、惊异、遗憾、要求等意思的形容词，在It is十形容词十that从句结构中，从句谓语需用虚拟式。