英语四级语法讲解.ppt

＊从句类型的判定：
看从句在整个句子中处在什么位 置上、作什么句子成分。
通常位于句子开头的从句是主语 从句；动词后面的从句是宾语从 句；系动词后面的从句是表语从 句；名词后面的从句只能是同位 语从句或定语从句引导词
从属连词: that, whether 连接代词:
② Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, __A__ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.
A whose B which
C that
D what
A which B what
C that
D one
☆宾语从句引导词： 属连词: that, whether, if 连接代词:
what, which, who, whom
(词尾加-ever加强语气)
连接副词: when, where, why, how
☆表语从句引导词： 从属连词: that, whether, if 连接代词:
As is well known, Rome is not built in a day.
As we all know, Rome is not built in a day.
① This is the city _B__. A I like to visit it most B I like to visit most C I most like to visit D I most like to visit it
who, whom: 先行词为人, 在句中可作主语、宾语；
whose: 先行词为人、事、物, 在句中作定语；
as:
①先行词被 the same, such修饰 或先行词本身就是 the same, such;
②引导非限定性定语从句, 代替整 个句子, 在从句中作主语或宾语.
It wasn’t such a good dinner as she had promised us.
关系代词: who, whom, whose that, which, as ☆
关系副词: when, where, why = 介词+关系代词 ☆
1 定语从句引导词在句中 起三个作用: ①引导和连接主、从句 ②在从句中作某种成分 ③替代先行词
（因此从句中不能再有先行词或其 代词）
that, which: 先行词为事、物, 在句中可作主语、宾语；
what, which, who, whom 连接副词:
when, where, why, how
The question is whether we shall stay or not. / how we can get there. / whom he is looking for. / who he is.
The reason is (that) he is ill. That’s what they did. / why I
didn’t come.
☆同位语从句引导词： 从属连词: that, whether 连接副词:
when, where, why, how that: 无意义,不做成分,但不能
③ The hours __C__ the children
spend in their one-way relationship with TV people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.
1 of Time （时间） 2 of Place（地点） 3 of Cause（原因） 4 of Result（结果） 5 of Purpose（目的） 6of Condition（条件） 7 of Concession（让步） 8 of Manner（方式） 9 of Comparison（比较‘） 10 of Analogy（类比）
表语从句 — Predicative Clause
同位语从句—Appositive Clause
形容词性从句
Attributive Clause
定语从句
Restrictive ～ 限制性定语从句
Non-restrictive ～ 非限制性定语从句
副词性从句 Adverbial Clause状语从句
There was the question where we were to go. / what we were to do. / when we were to start. / how we could get there. / why we should help them.
☆定语从句引导词：
从句
从
句
根据英语从句在句子中的作 用，从句可分为三类：
❖名词性从句 Nominal Clauses
❖形容词性从句 Adjectival Clauses
❖副词性从句 Adverbial Clauses
名词性从句
Including: 主语从句 — Subject Clause 宾语从句 — Object Clause
what, which, who, whom 连接副词:
when, where, why, how
1 That he is always ready to help others is known to all.
2 In some countries, __B__ is called “equality” doesn’t really mean equal right for equal people.
省略.
＊同位语从句所修饰的名词被称为 先行词. 常见先行词有：
idea, fact, news, hope, belief,
thought, doubt, question,
sign, suspect, …
以及表示“建议、命令、请求” 的词 (后者句中要用虚拟语气).
The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the results.