八年级英语下册第六单元知识点整理

八年级英语下册第六单元知识点整理一.重要词汇和句型.1. how long (时间持续)多长(某物) 多长---How long did you sleep last night ? --- For 8 hours .how soon (从现在起还要)多久--- How soon will he be back ? --- In a week .how often (某个动作)隔多久一次---How often do you go to the cinema ? ---- Once a month .how far (某地) 多远--- How far is the store from here ? --- About 500 meters .how much 多少钱----How much is the shirt ? --- 150 Yuan .2. collect 动词, “收集, 搜集”He often collects empty glasses and waste paper .My brother likes collecting foreign coins .collector 名词, “收集者, 收藏者”He is a famous stamp collector . collection 名词, “收藏品”He has a lot of sports collection .3. raise (1) 动词, “筹款, 筹募, 筹集”They are raising money for the students in mountains .How much did you raise for school ? 你筹集了多少钱办学校?( 2) 动词, “举起, 抬起, 提高”Raise your hand if you want to ask a question .They must find a way to raise the temperature in the room .(3) 动词, “种植, 饲养, 养育”Do you know how the Chinese raise silkworm (蚕) ?raise 的主语是人, 表示“人为地使某物上升” ;而rise 的主语是物, 表示“自然地或非主观因素地提升”Joe raised his bow(弓) and began to take aim at (瞄准) the bird .The sun rises in the east .raise 是及物动词, rise是不及物动词Prices have been raised a lot . 物价涨了很多.The price of the TV sets has risen recently . 最近电视机涨价了.4. thanks for sth. === thank you for sth 谢谢某人的某物thanks for doing sth === thank you for doing sth 谢谢某人做某事Thanks for your presents . === Thank you for your presents .Thanks for helping me .=== Thank you for helping me .5. run out of (1 ) 用完, 耗尽We are running out of our money . 我们的钱快用光了.We have run out of the paper . Can you go and get some for us ?(2 ) 从……跑出来look ! He is running out of the room .6. room (1) 不可数名词, “空间, 空地, 位置”make room for 给……腾地方There is no standing room in the bus . 公共汽车上连站的地方都没有了.7. with (1) 和某人一起I live in Beijing with my parents .He often plays football with his friends after class .(2) 用……We see with eyes and hear with ears .They climb trees with ladders (爬树) .(3 ) “带有, 具有”表示伴随的特征He is a man with only one eye .China is a country with a long history .8. a pair of 一对, 一双, 一副通常修饰由两部分合在一起的物品复数体现在pair 后面a pair of shoes \ gloves \ socks \ glasses \ pants \ scissors (剪刀)There is a pair of shoes under the chair .My sister bought two pairs of socks yesterday .pair是单数时, 谓语动词用单数形式, pair是复数时, 谓语动词用复数形式.A pair of gloves is welcome present (礼物) .Many pairs of shoes are in the box .pair 词组加定语时, 要放在pair的前面.He bought a new pair of shoes last week .9. one 代词, 用来代替上文所指的单数的人或物. 如果代替复数名词, 则用ones .I don’t like the watch . Please show me another one .These shoes are too expensive . What about those ones ?10. by the way 顺便问一下, 顺便说一下By the way , where is the nearest hospital ?By the way , I have something to tell you .其它短语: all the way 一路上, 一直on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上on the way 在路上, 在途中by way of …以……的方法\ 方式show sb. the way 给某人指路this way, please .请走这边.11. be interested in sth.=== show interest in sth 对……感兴趣I am interested in English .The boy showed great interest in science when he was ten .be interested in doing sth . 对做某事感兴趣He is interested in playing football .12. think of (1) 想起, 记得I can’t think of his name at the moment (现在) .I thought of my hometown when I saw the beautiful scenery .(2 ) 认为What do you think of …… ?=== How do you like ……? 你认为……怎么样?(3) 考虑, 关心He always thinks of others .13. the capital of ………的省会\ 首都Beijing is the capital of China .The capital of Jiangxi province is Nanchang .14. although \ though 连词, “虽然”引导让步状语从句Although \ Though my uncle is old , he looks very strong and healthy .He went to work although \ though he was ill .although \ though “虽然”和but ( 但是) 不能同时用于一个句子中.Although \Though I agree with you , I have a better idea .=== I agree with you , but I have a better idea .because ( 因为) 和so ( 所以) 也不能同时用于一个句子中.Because he was ill , he didn’t come to school .== He was ill , so he didn’t come to school .15. more than == over 超过, 多余He drew more than \ over 500 pictures in his whole life .16. hundred ( 百), thousand ( 千) , million( 百万) , billion ( 十亿)前面有具体数字时, 这四个词用原形. 前面没有具体数字时, 分别构成复数短语hundred of, thousands of, millions of , billions ofThey prepared thousands of chairs for the fans .The book has 300 thousand words .17. the + 比较级, the + 比较级“越…… , 越…… .”The more you read , the more you will get .The more time you spend , the better you’ll learn English .The harder he works , the richer he is .The faster he runs , the more excited the funs get .比较级+ and + 比较级“越来越……”It’s getting warmer and warmer .Computers sell cheaper and cheaper .18. certain 形容词, “确实的, 无疑的”Nothing is certain at the moment . Wait and see .be certain of We’re certain of success .be certain + 从句I’m not certain where she lives .be certain to do sth . Your parents will be certain to agree .be sure 与be certain 在多数情况下可以互换, 但下列两种情况不能互换.(1) it作形式主语, 将真正作主语的从句后置时, 一般用be certain , It’s certain that …It’s certain that he will succeed (成功)(2) 在祈使句中, 一般用be sureBe sure to write to me as soon as you get there .19. far away 在远处He has to work in a city far away .far away from 离……很远You’d better take a taxi . The sea is far away from here .Many people make a living far away from his hometown .20. miss (1) 思念, 想念She said she missed us very much in her letter .What did you miss most when you lived abroad ( 在国外)?(2) 错过, 没赶上He got up late and missed the early bus .I’m sorry I missed seeing you while in Beijing .21. have been to 去过某地, 已经回来have gone to 去了某地, 还没有回来have been in 去了某地, 还在那里22．give sth to sb.==== give sb. sth 把某物给某人Please give the book to me . === Please give me the book .23. a lot of == lots of 许多二. 现在完成进行时(一) 现在完成进行时的含义: 表示一个动作从过去开始一直延续到现在, 而且还将继续延续下去.How long have you been living in China ?He has been reading the book for four hours .(二) 现在完成进行时的构成: 助动词have\ has + been + 动词的现在分词(动词+ing )肯定句: 主语+ have\ has + been + 动词的现在分词+ 其它.否定句: 主语+ have\ has + not + been + 动词的现在分词+ 其它.一般疑问句: Have\ Has + 主语+ been + 动词的现在分词+ 其它?特殊疑问句: 疑问词+ have\ has + 主语+ been + 动词的现在分词+ 其它?How long have you been learning English ?I have been learning English for 3 years .since 3 years ago .Have you been learning English for 3 years ?Yes , I have . ( I have been learning English for 3 three years . )No , I haven’t . ( I haven’t been learning English for 3 three years . )根据上面的例句和下面的提示, 构成类似对话1. he , look after the old man , since he came here2. she , live in China , for 5 months .3. they , work in the hospital , since 2 years ago4. Kate , study in Peking University , for 4 weeks .5. Mark , collect stamp , since he was 10 years old .(三) since 和for 的用法.(1 ) since “自从……以来, 从……开始, 引导表示一个时间点的短语或从句since two years ago , since last month , since three o’clocksince he was 10 years old .(2 ) for 引导表示一段时间的短语for five days , for a year , for two hours。