主谓一致

主谓一致揭秘

英语中的谓语在人称、数及意义等方面要与主语的名词或代词以及相当于名词的词保持一致，叫做主谓一致。英语中的主谓一致须遵循一系列规则，包括语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。语法一致指的是语法形式一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The boys are playing football .He reads English every morning .意义一致是指主语有时形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定也采用复数形式。反之，主语形式上是复数，但意义是单数，谓语动词依意义而定也采用单数形式。如：People are talking about the news . Politics is taught in all middle schools. 就近原则是指谓语动词的单复数与最近的主语保持一致。Not only you but also he is wrong .

主谓一致情况复杂，但用途广泛，几乎时时刻刻都离不开。学生在学习时往往感到渺茫，感到“头痛”。因此，我们将主谓一致整合梳理，按担当主语的词，词组和句子分类学习，这样会让学生感到“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”。

一、名词作主语

1、部分集体名词，如police，cattle，people等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

例：The police are searching the house .

2、部分集体名词，如family，team，class，army，enemy，audience，company，government，group，commitee等作主语时，若作为一整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数。

例：（1）My family is a happy one.

(2 ) The whole family are having lunch.

3、一些形式上是复数而意义上是单数的名词，如glasses,scissors,trousers等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

例：My glasses are very beautiful.但是前用a pair of来修饰时，动词应用单数形式。

例：This pair of scissors is made in Shanghai.

4、一些以—ics结尾的表学科的名称词，如politics,economics,physics,mathmatics等形式上是复数，意义上则是单数，动词用单数。例：Physics is difficult to me.

5、若名词词组中心词是表示度量、时间、价格、距离等复数名词时，根据意义一致原则，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例：Ten years has passed since then.

6、一本书、一个组织、一国家的名称或一句格言作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例：(1) The United Nations is an international organization.

(2) "The pride goes before a fall" is his motto.

(3) "The Aribian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.

7、单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词根据意义一致原则决定单复数。如sheep,deer,works,means,species,Chinese,Japanese等。

例：(1) The deer is drinking water.

(2) These deer are playing.

8、如果主语前有many a，more than one修饰，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。

例：(1) Many a student has read the book.

(2) More than one person is involved in the case.

但是，more+复数名词+than one结构之后，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：More persons than one are against your plan.

9、如果each，every,no所修饰的名词用and或逗号连接成多个主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例：(1) Each boy and Each girl has read the interesting book.

(2) Every hour and every minute is important.

10、名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这些词作主语时，动词一般用单数。例：the baker，s the barber，s, the Zhang，s,the doctor，s,my uncle，s等。例：Her uncle，s is not far from here.

11、this kind of men谓语动词与kind一致，用单数形式;men of this kind谓语动词与men一致，用复数形式。

例：(1) This kind of men is dangerous.

(2) Men of this kind are dangerous.

12、主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词应和其后的主语保持一致。

例：(1) Here comes ths bus.

(2) There goes the bell.

二、分数、计量词作主语

1、分数或百分数+名词和由a lot of,lots of,plenty of,part of+名词作主语时，谓语动词要与of后面的名词的数保持一致。

例：(1) About three-fourths of the earth，s surface is covered with water.

(2) Lots of damage was caused by the earthquake.

(3) Eighty percent of the work has been done.

2、the number of+名词结构中中心词是number，谓语动词用单数；a number of+复数名词结构，谓语动词用复数。因为a number of的意思是许多。

例：(1) The number of people who own cars is increasing every year.

(2) A number of students have gone home.

3、Quatities of+可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数；

a(large)quantity of+可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。

例：(1) Quantities of food were on the table before the party began.

(2) A large quantity of food is on the table.

4、a great deal of,a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词时，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。

例：(1) A large amount of damage was done in a very short time.

(2) Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.

5、one and a half后加复数名词，谓语动词用单数。

例：One and a half apples is left on the plate.

6、the rest,the last,most等作主语时，根据意义一致原则，若所指的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数，反之，用单数。

例：(1) Four of us will go,the rest are to stay here.

(2) Most of the work has been done.

三、连接词连接的名词作主语

1、由and，both……and连接的两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数