国外土建工作必备英语词汇总结

The commonest words used at site for civil works现场常用土建词汇

Civil engineering 土木工程Drawing 图纸

Profile drawing 剖面图

Plan 平面图

Detail drawing大样图，细部图

Legend 图例

Configuration 结构，构造，外形Structure drawing 结构图

Architecture drawing 建筑图

Process drawing 工艺图

Modification of design document 设计变更

Bench mark 基准点

Leveling 场平，抄平

Compaction test 压实度试验

Handing over inspection 交接检验Moisture / Water content 含水量

Lab man 试验员

Assistant engineer 助理工程师Assistant architect 助理建筑师Registered engineer 注册工程师Registered professional construction manager / licenseed professional construction manager 注册监理工程师Soil 土壤

Cutting area挖方区

Filling area填方区

Over extraction / Overbreak 超挖

Test report 试验报告

Flatness 平整度

Sprinkler 洒水车

Truck mixer 混凝土罐车

Vibration pump 振动泵

Mobile pump 汽车泵

Stationary pump 地泵

Loader 装载机

Bulldozer 推土机

Excavator 挖掘机，挖土机

Backhoe / Hoe excavator 反铲

Fork-lift truck / setting elevator 铲车Grader 平地机Compactor/compactor Roller 震动压路机Mixer 搅拌机

Conveyor 输送机

Bender 弯曲机

（bar）straightener 调直机，矫正机Tower crane 塔吊

Hanger 吊杆，吊钩

Earthwork 土方工程

Earthwork excavation 土方开挖Foundation trench/foundation pit 基槽/基坑

Surveying 测量

Surveying and setting out 测量放线Setting out 放线

Lofting =lay out=lay over放样Topography surveying 地形测量Hydrogeological investigation 水文地质勘察

Control point 控制点

Center line 中线

Axis 轴线

Longitude / Meridian 经线

Latitude line纬线

Coordinate坐标、同等的、使协调Contour 等高线

Bus 母线

Feeder 馈线

Level / elevation 标高

Prism 棱镜

Total station 全站仪

Defectoscope / Defect detector 探伤仪Water level 水平仪

Water level pipe 水平管

Total light / theodolite / transit经纬仪Laser instrument 激光铅锤仪

Water level meter 水平尺

Water meter 水表

Meter / tape 尺子

Set rule 定位尺

Caliper 游标卡尺、测径器

Micro meter caliper 千分尺

Tape measure 卷尺、皮尺

Sopwith staff 塔尺

Running rule 靠尺

Spring scale / weight beam 弹簧秤Universal meter, multi meter 万用表Wattmeter 电表、瓦特计Thermometer 温度计、体温计Tachometer / revolution indication 转速表、流速计

Flow meter 流量计

Global position system （GPS）全球定位系统

Plumb 线坠，铅锤

Slump 塌落度

Cone 椎形筒，椎体

Reinforcement / steel bar 钢筋Stainless steel 不锈钢

Deformed bar 螺纹钢

Round bar / Plain bar 圆钢

Channel steel 槽钢

Flat steel 扁钢、平钢

Angle steel / iron 角钢/铁

Overlap / lap 搭接

Stirrup/ hoop 箍筋，马镫

Hook bar 钩筋

Vertical bar 竖向钢筋

Horizontal bar 水平筋

Casing / Sleeve 套管

Sedimentation pipe 沉淀管

Filter pipe 过滤管

Oxygen pipe 氧气管

Galvanized steel pipe 镀锌钢管Seamless steel pipe 无缝钢管

Plastic pipe 塑胶管

Reinforcement cover 钢筋保护层Embedded piece / part 预埋件Preformed hole / pocket预留孔Prefabricate，prefabrication 预制

Bolt 螺栓

Anchor bolt 锚固螺栓，地脚螺栓Formwork / shuttering 模板

Concrete blinding 混凝土模板Scaffolding 脚手架

Scaffold board / plank 脚手板

Ladder 梯子

Verticality / perpendicularity垂直度Brace 支撑，斜撑Bracket 支架，墙上突出的托架

tripod三角支架

Concrete 混凝土

Cushion course 垫层

Foundation 基础

Prefabricate foundation预制基础Column 柱子

Chapiter 柱头

Pedestal 柱脚

Beam 梁

End beam / end girder端梁

Ground beam 地梁

Tie beam 联系梁

Ring beam 圈梁，环梁

Lintel 过梁

Cantilever beam 挑梁

Overhanging eaves 挑檐

Cantilever platform 挑台

Tie column 构造柱

Slope 坡度，斜坡

Gradient 坡度，倾斜度，梯度，角度Ramp 坡道

Slip form 滑模

Slab 板

Top slab 顶板

Base slab 底板

Cover plate 盖板

Tunnel 地沟，隧道

Individual / single footing 独立基础Bitumen / Asphalt 沥青

Oxidized asphalt / Epoxy bitumen 氧化沥青

Asphalt cement 沥青膏

Backfilling 回填

Watering 洒水

Laboratory / lab实验室

Compression strength 抗压强度

Tensile strength 抗拉强度

Yield 屈服

Elongation 延伸率

Crush sand 人工沙

Crushed stone 碎石

Aggregate 骨料

Natural sand 天然沙