景观词汇

AAccessibility 可达性Accessible route 易达的路线advance notice 事先通知aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量aerobic digesters 需氧消化池aesthetic considerations 审美方面的考虑brick and concrete block walls 砖和混凝土砌块墙stone walls 石头墙wood and metal fences 木头和金属栅栏aesthetic controls 审美控制aggregate base 混合基础AIA 美国建筑师协会Anaerobic digesters 厌氧分解池APA 美国规划师协会arterial streets 主干道as-built records 施工记录ASLA 美国景观建筑师协会athletic facility 运动设施average walking distance 平均步行距离axioms 原理Bbackfill 回填backhoe 挖沟机bar charts 横道图barrier design 障碍设计beams 大梁bearing capacity 承载力benchmarks 水准点billing 帐簿biodiversity 生物多样性bioengineering 生物工程biomass 生物量bioretention ponds 生物滞留池boardwalks 栈桥bonding company 担保公司bonuses 奖金boundary definition 边界确定boundary survey 边界测量brownfields 褐色土地bulldozers 推土机business development 商业开发business parks 商业园区Ccadastral survey 地籍测量camping 野营candlepower 烛光度cantilevered wall 悬臂墙cascading waterfalls瀑布叠水certificates of payment 付款证明书certifications of compliance 应允证明书cesspools 化粪池，污水坑，污水渗井，粪坑change orders 变更单changes, unauthorized 未经同意的变更channels, stormwater 雨水沟渠，槽，渠道circulation control 循环控制circulation patterns 环流模式clay lenses 粘土防渗层clay soil 粘土clean-up 清扫，清理，清除，提纯，净化clearing and grubbing 清理和除根client 业主climate zones 气候带closeout 竣工cluster treatment systems 集中式污水处理系统co-ordinates 坐标cold 寒带collected rainwater 收集起来的雨水collector streets 次干道colloidal soil 胶质土壤commercial center design 商业中心设计communication 电信community commercial 社区商业community facility standards 社区设施标准community parks and recreation planning data 社区公园和文娱体育规划资料community scale 社区尺度community standards 社区标准compaction 压实competition pools 竞赛用游泳池composting toilets 堆肥厕所conceptualization 概念化concrete crib wall 混凝土格笼墙cones of vision 视锥connected imperviousness 连续的非渗透地面conservation standards 保护标准constructed wetlands 人工湿地construction 施工brick and concrete block walls 砖和混凝土砌块墙stone walls 石头墙wood and metal fences 木头和金属栅栏construction document 施工文件construction layout 施工布局construction observation 施工监理construction permits 施工许可construction sequence 施工顺序construction survey 施工测量contingencies 临时费contingency allowance 临时津贴contract 合同responsibilities 责任types of 类型unauthorized changes 未经同意的变更contract documents 合同文件control points 控制点conveyance techniques, stormwater 雨水的输送技术corrective observation 校正性（补救性，修正性）检查（监理）corridors 廊道cost data 造价数据cost estimate components 造价估算内容equipment costs 设备费equipment crew costs 设备人工费general requirements costs 一般要求的费用labor cost 人工费location 位置，地点material 材料overtime 加班费productivity 生产率project scale 项目规模quantity take-off methods 起点数量法cost estimating 造价估算cost plus 造价累计court games 场地运动court surface 运动场地地面CPM 关键路径法Critical Path Method. See CPM 关键路径法，见CPMCSI 施工规范原理culverts 涵洞，暗沟，管道cut operations 挖方工程Ddatum 数据decking平台面，铺板decks平台，甲板basic components 基本内容design requirements 设计要求estimating design load 估算设计荷载framing method 结构方法plank-and-beam framing 厚木板梁框架platform framing 平台框架material 材料hardware 五金件wood 木料，木材site analysis 场地分析span tables 跨度表structural design 结构设计decks, function of 平台的功能deferred maintenance 延期维修（维护）demolition, general 整体破坏demolition ,selective 选择性破坏density 密度design development 设计扩初，设计深化design framework 设计框架design impacts 设计影响design quality 设计质量design speed 设计速度detail scale 细部尺度detention ponds 滞留池development 开发industrial. See industrial development 工业，见工业开发residential. See residential development 居住，见居住开发development programming 开发计划development types, industrial and business 开发类型，工业和商业dimensional Criteria 标注标准dimensions 标注dimension of human figures 人体尺度direct labor 直接人工费disconnected imperviousness 不连续的非渗透地面disposal 处理，处置，排除，清除DL. See direct labor DL.见直接人工费drainage 排水，流域面积，排洪，排水系统drinking water 饮用水dry detention ponds 干滞池durability 耐久性EEames, Charles and Ray 查理・埃姆斯和雷earthwork 土方ecological impact 生态影响economic impact 经济影响edge habitat 边缘栖息地edge restraint 边缘限制electrical lines 电力线embodied energy 蕴藏能量endwalls 尾墙energy 能量embodied. See embodied energy 具体化的，见蕴藏能量，具体能量energy costs 能量造价environmental impact analysis 环境影响分析environmental impact statement (EIS) 环境影响报告书（EIS）scoping process 确定范围程序environmental modification 环境修复equipment costs 设备费equipment crew costs 设备人工费equivalents 相等物，等同物estimating 估算stormwater runoff 雨水径流[量]estimating water flows 估算水流量evaluation 评价evapotranspiration rate 土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量速率exotic plant species 外来植物物种eye levels 视平线Ffabric reinforcement 纤维加固，织物加强件facilities planning data 设施规划数据feasibility planning 可行性规划federal regulations 联邦规范flood protection 防洪historic preservation 历史保留National Environmental Policy Act（NEPA）国家环境政策法案(NEPA) NPDES general permits NPDES一般性许可Section 10 permit 第10条许可Section 404 permit 第404条许可fee 费用cost plus fixed 固定费用之和lump sum 总数，总合retainer 律师费fences and walls 栅栏和围墙fences, wood and metal 栅栏，木栅栏和金属栅栏aesthetic considerations 审美方面的考虑components 组分，内容construction 施工structural considerations 结构方面的考虑field orders 现场通知单field sports 田径运动field surfaces 田径运动场地面field surveys 现场测量fill operations 填方工程fill, general 一般性填方filter strips 滤器，滤池，过滤，滤水filtration 过滤filtration systems 过滤系统finish grading 设计标高flexible pavement 柔性地面铺装flood protection 防洪follow ups 连续footage 尺长footcandle 英尺烛光footing drains 基座处排水，立足点排水footings 立足点forward spatial bubblesfoundations 基础fragmentation 破碎Freeway or Distributor Systems 高速路或分配者系统French drains 法式排水friction coefficient 摩擦系数frost depth 结冻深度，冰冻深度frost-thaw cycle 结冻-融化周期functional requirement 功能要求Ggarden pool 花园游泳池general conditions 一般情况general contractor 总承包商general demolition 整体破坏general fill 总填方general requirements 一般要求general requirements costs 一般要求的费用general roadway standards 一般道路标准geodetic survey 测地学测量GIS 地理信息系统golf and driving ranges 高尔夫和高尔夫练习场grading 场地平整granular soil粒状土壤gravity wall 重力墙graywater 灰水greenfields 绿色用地，绿色土地ground covers 地被植物groundwater protection 地下水保护groundwater recharge 地下水补给groundwater resources 地下水资源，地下水储量growing season 生长期guarantees 抵押物Hhand level 手动水平仪handrailings 扶手hazardous plants 有毒植物headwalls 头墙heavy duty 重型的，责任重大的herbaceous plants 草本植物highway 高速公路historic preservation 历史保留horizontal alignment 平面设计hot arid 炎热干燥hot humid 炎热潮湿hydrographic survey 水文测量hydrologic cycle 水文周期Iilluminance 亮度impervious surface ratio 不渗透地面比例industrial development 工业开发industrial parks 工业园区infiltration beds 渗透床infiltration ponds 渗透池infiltration wells 渗透井infiltration, stormwater 雨水渗透inspection 检查installation 安装Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) 保险赔偿比例地图interpretation 注释，解释invasive species 入侵物种irrigation 灌溉irrigation ponds 灌溉池塘irrigation systems 灌溉系统irrigation water, sources of 灌溉水水源Jjob meetings 工作会议joists 托梁Llabor costs 人工费lagoons 塘lamp characteristics 灯具的特点landscape assessment 景观评价Landscape Coefficient(KL) 景观系数（KL）landscape planning 景观规划landscape planning strategies 景观规划对策landscape plantings, calculating water景观种植用水量的计算large-scale sites 大型场地layout and surveying 布局和测量layout methods 布局方法layout plans 平面图，布局平面layout requirements 布局要求layout survey 布局测量leaching fields 沥滤场light depreciation 不强烈的抗议light duty 轻型的lighting 照明atmosphere and character 气氛和特征orientation and identification 方位和识别safety and security 安全和治安limit-of-work line 工作期限local or minor streets 当地的或小街道local regulations 当地规范（规定）aesthetic controls 审美控制construction permits 施工许可planned unit development regulation 有规划的单元开发规范（规定）subdivision regulations （土地）再细分规范（规定）zoning regulations分区规划规范（规定）rezoning 再分区规划variances 变动lumen 流明luminance 亮度lump sum fee 总费用lux 勒克司（国际单位制的照明单位，即米烛光）Lyle, John Tillman 约翰・蒂尔曼・莱尔Mmagnetic declination 磁力偏差maintenance and disposal 维修和处理maintenance period 维修期maneuvering patterns 运行方式map projections 地图投影map scale 制图比例markup 涨价master planning 总体规划MASTERFORMAT 雇主表格material costs 材料费material lifecycle cost estimates 材料生命周期造价估算material samples 材料样品material selection 材料选择measures of intensity 强度衡量residential development 居住开发retail commercial development 零售商业开发mechanics lien 机械扣押权release 让度证书medium duty 中型medium-scale sites 中型场地metes and bounds 界石和边界线metric ratio 公制比例mitigation strategies, stormwater 缓解措施，暴雨mobilization cost 流通费moisture content 湿度，含水量，水汽含量monolithic pavement 整体路面，整体铺装moonlighting 月光式照明movement criteria 移动标准multi-family housing 多户住宅municipal sewer systems 市政排水系统NNational Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) 国家环境政策法案，简称(NEPA) natural drainageways 自然排水道natural resources 自然资源needs assessment 需求评估negotiation 协议，商议，协商neighborhood commercial 邻里商业neighborhood scale 邻里尺度net positive suction head 净吸真空高度noxious plants 有毒植物NEPA general permits 国家环境政策法案的一般许可Ooffice parks 办公园区OH. See overhead OH. 见经常性开支on-site treatment systems 分散式污水处理系统open space ratio 开敞空间比例orientation 超向，方位ornamental ponds 观赏性水池ornamental pools 观赏性水池overhead 经常性开支annual rate 年度比率overhead and profit 经常性开支和利润overruns, time 时间延误overtime 加班费overturning 翻腾，水的竖直循环现象owner 所有者Ppackage plants 丛生植物parking 停车场parking dimensions 停车场尺寸parking lot 停车场parking lots 停车场parking requirements 停车场要求patches 斑块path lighting 小径照明pathways 小径pavement铺装，路面pavement, flexible 柔性铺装，柔性路面pavement, rigid 刚性铺装，刚性路面pavements 道路paver 铺路材料，铺路机，铺石人paving 铺装，铺路payment 报酬；支付non-payment 无报酬的requests 申请pedestrian standards 步行标准penalties 罚金，罚款percentage of construction 施工的百分比permitting processes 申请程序personnel allocation 人员配备photometric charts 光度表physical characteristics 物理特征picnicking 野餐piers 支墩，支柱，防洪堤pipes 管道place scale 场地尺度plan discrepancies 平面的不符之处plane survey 平面测量planned multiuse developments 有计划的综合开发planned unit development regulations 有计划的单元开发规范planning 规划development feasibility planning 开发的可行性规划landscape planning 景观规划master planning 总体规划plant hardiness 植物的抗寒性plant mortality 植物的死亡率planting 种植clean-up and final inspection清理和检查ground covers 地被植物seeding and sodding 种草和铺草皮shrubs 灌木trees 乔木planting conditions 种植现状planting design 种植设计planting requirements 种植要求plants, hazardous 有害的植物plants, herbaceous草本的植物plants, noxious有毒的植物plants, salt tolerant 耐盐碱的植物，play surfaces 游戏场地地面playgrounds 游戏场地point of beginning 起始点pond systems 池塘系统clay lenses 粘土防渗层depth 深度synthetic liners 合成材料垫层，合成材料衬里（衬底）pools 游泳池competition 竞赛用游泳池recreational 娱乐用游泳池pools structure 游泳池结构depth 深度freeboard 干舷posts 柱potable water 饮用水Powers of Ten 十的力量precipitation 降雨，降水量precision 精确性；准确性prepared subgrade 素土夯实preventative observation 预防性监理pricing 报价material lifecycle cost estimates 材料生命周期造价估算overhead and profit 经常性开支和利润square meter cost estimates 平方米造价估算systems estimates 系统估算法unit price cost calculation 单位标价造价计算privacy 私密性private garden 私家花园product distribution 产品销售product packaging 产品包装productivity 生产率project budget 项目预算project closeout 项目竣工project meetings 项目会议project observation 项目检查project records 项目登记project scale 项目规模proprietary surfaces 地上有房产public garden 公共花园public plaza 公共广场pumps 水泵punch list 打孔登记表punch lists 打孔登记表Qquantity take-off methods 数量估算法Rramp slopes 坡道坡度ramps 坡道rates, standard billing 标准记帐率Rational Method 推理计算方法raw material 原材料re-use 再利用recharge trenches （地下水）补给沟渠recreation standards 文娱体育标准recreational pools 娱乐用游泳池recyclable materials 可循环使用的材料recycled water 循环水recycling 再循环使用（的）regional commercial 地区性商业regional considerations 地区性居住regional scale 区域尺度regulations, federal联邦的规范（规定）regulations, local地方的规范（规定）regulations, state州的规范（规定）reimbursable expenses 可补偿费用reinforced embankments 加固的土堤，加固筑堤rejections 排斥，阻止，抑制replacements 替代reservoir structures 水库构筑物，蓄水池，贮器residential development 居住开发residential standards 居住标准retail commercial development 零售商业开发appropriateness of a given site for 某个特定场地的适宜性retainer 律师费retaining structures 护土结构，阻挡构筑物types of 类型retaining walls 挡土墙retention ponds See wet detention ponds 滞留池，见调节池，贮水池rigid pavement 刚性路面rigid retaining walls 刚性挡土墙risk 风险roads 道路roadway design elements 道路设计要素roadway dimensions 道路尺寸rock removal 去除岩石roof garden 屋顶花园rough grading 粗略的场地平整Route Survey A survey of existing or alignment of route survey 现状测量的线路测量或道路定线测量runoff coefficients, stormwater雨水径流系数Ssafety and security 安全和保安salt tolerant plants 耐盐植物saltwater intrusion 咸水（海水）侵入sand filters 砂滤池，砂滤层scheduling 制定日程表schematic studies 方案研究Schueler’s Shortcut Method 许勒尔捷径法，斯库勒快捷方式scope of services 服务范围scope of work 工作范围screening and circulation 屏障和组织交通SCS Runoff Curve Number Method土地保护局水土保持局的径流曲线数值法seatwalls 坐椅式矮墙Section 10 Permit 第10条许可Section 404 Permit 第404条许可seeding 种草segmental and stack wall retaining systems 护土段墙和垒墙系统seismic conditions 地震状况selective demolition 选择性破坏sensory stimuli 感官刺激septic systems 净化系统settlement at the toe 在坡底建房sewer systems municipal 市政排水系统shadow calculations 投影计算sheet flow地表水膜，水膜浅流，层流，片流shop drawing 产品安装图shrubs 灌木shut-downs 暂时停工signage 标志silhouette lighting 轮廓照明single-family attached homes 独户式联排住宅single-family detached home 独户式独立住宅site clearing 场地清理site furnishings 场地美化site selection 场地选择sites, large-scale大型的场地sliding 滑动，移动small scale sites 小型场地Small Storm Hydrology Method 小型暴雨水文法social impact 社会影响sodding 铺草皮soil characteristics 土壤特征soil pressure forces 土壤压力soil, colloidal 胶质土壤soil, granular 粒状土壤soil, weight of 土壤质量，土壤重量span tables 跨度表spatial scale 空间尺度Spatial Standards 空间标准specifications 说明书，具体要求spotlighting 射灯照明spouting fountains 喷射喷泉spray displays 喷射装置spread lighting泛光灯照明sprinkler systems, conventional 传统的喷水系统drip system, low-volume 耗水量低的滴灌系统container plants 盆栽植物head selection and layout喷头选择和布置precipitation rate 沉淀率，喷水速率square meter cost estimate 平方米造价估算square unit 平方单位stability testes 稳定性检测stage-storage curvestairway楼梯staking 定桩standard billing rates 标准记帐率state regulations 州规范state environmental policy acts (SEPAs) 州环境政策法案，简称(SEPAs) station offsets 源点偏移stockpiling 储备storage, stormwater 雨水蓄积，暴雨蓄积storm sewers 雨水排水管stormwater management 雨水管理，暴雨管理stormwater peak discharge 雨水高峰排放量stormwater runoff estimating 雨水径流估算stormwater storage 雨水蓄积structural considerations 结构方面的考虑brick and concrete block walls 砖和混凝土砌块墙stone walls 石头墙wood and metal fences 木头和金属栅栏subbase 基础，路基subdivision regulations （土地）再细分规范subdrain 地下排水subgrade 地基subgrade conditions 地基现状substitutions 代用superelevation 超高surface 地面surface water 地表水surface water supplies 地表水供应surface 地面court 运动场地field 运动场play 游戏场track 跑道surfacing 地面处理surfacing requirements 地面处理要求swales 洼地swimming 游泳swimming pools 游泳池systems estimates 系统估算Ttelecommunication lines 电信线路temperate 温和的，适度的tests 检测time delays 时间延误time of concentration 浓缩时间time over-runs 加班时间topographic survey地形测量topsoil stripping 表土剥离tot lots儿童游戏场，幼儿游戏场townscape 城市景观toxicity 毒性track and field 跑道和运动场track surface 跑道地面traverse 导线tread-riser ratios 踏步宽和踏步高的比值tree protection 树木保护tree-planting, techniques 植树技术trenching 挖沟UU.S. Customary Scale 美国惯用比例unauthorized changes 未经同意的变更uniformity 均匀，一律，一致性unit costs 单位造价unit pavement 单体铺装，单位路面unit price cost calculation 单位标价造价计算updating 最新式的uplighting 向上照明urban streams 城市河流urban street 城市街道Vvegetation, existing 现状植被vehicular circulation systems 机动车交通系统vehicular standards 机动车标准verification 证实vertical alignment 纵断面Visual Criteria 视觉标准Wwalks 步行道路walls, brick and concrete block砖和混凝土砌块墙aesthetic considerations 审美方面的考虑components 组成，内容construction 施工structural considerations 结构方面的考虑walls, stone 石头墙aesthetic considerations 审美的考虑components 组成，内容construction施工structural considerations 审美方面的考虑waste resources 垃圾资源wastes 垃圾wastewater treatment 污水处理water demand 用水需求water feature 水景，水体特征considerations in use of 用途方面的考虑display pumps 喷灌泵evaporation 蒸发lighting 照明piping 管道pressure 水压recycled water 循环使用的水system requirements 系统要求water effects 水景效果Water Quality 水质water quality volume 水质容积water resource protection 水源保护water resource, demand on 水源需要water resource 水源water supply 给水watershed 流域wearing course 面层，磨损过程wearing surface 正在磨损的表面weep hole 泄水孔wet detention ponds 湿滞留池wheel load 车轮轮压wildlife migration 野生生物迁徙wood deck 木质甲板（平台）working documents. See construction documents 工作文件，见施工文件WQV. See water quality volume WQV.见水质体积Zzoning regulations 分区规划规定rezoning 再分区规划variances 变动。