dictation 专四听写技巧总结
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短文听写 (Dictation)
考试时间：15分钟 总分：15分 共一篇短文，长度约150个词，含15个左右意群，每个 意群一分。共朗读四遍：第一，四遍以正常速度朗读， 语速为每分钟120个词；第二三遍朗读时意群，分句间 会留出15秒
（一）主题分析
• 文体 ：说明文（exposition) • 题材： 介绍某物体或事物 介绍某事物发展演变过程 介绍某类人 介绍某现象 介绍节日 介绍语言或技巧
D.单词评写错误
• 容易混淆的词尾 • visitor-visiter • builder-buildor • distributor-distributer • resistance-resistence • independence-independance • license-lisence • ...
2004
• Flight 5125 scheduled to take off at 11:30 will be delayed for 20 minutes. Please check in half an hour prior to departure.
常见音变现象:同化
• 英语口语中，某些音，特别是辅音连读通 常发生音变，称作音的同化现象。
字母o的读音
美音中/t/ 出现在两个元音之间且处于非 重读位置的时候，发音近似/d/
• letter • matter • city • better • pretty • waitor • winter • chapter • ...
字母u在l, d, n, t 之后,发音不同
• due • produce • attitude • student • opportunity • supermarket • tune • stupid • ...
字母a的发音
• ask • can't • dance • fast • half • path • chance • advantage • answer • ....
• bottle • popular • odd • shop • box • crop • hot • polish • spot • ....
长原因弱化为短原因 he been 元音前的辅音省略或辅音前的元音弱读 his
have 元音弱化成？ us for
常见音变现象:失去爆破
• /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/是英语中的6个爆破音 。（爆破音是指发音器官 在口腔中形成阻 碍，然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。）在 某些 情况下，发爆破音时，气流不必冲破 阻碍 ，而只是发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍 ，并稍做停顿，即做好发出这个爆破音的 准备，但不要发出音来。这类情况就叫做 失去爆破或不完全爆破 。
• There are carefully scheduled (...)stops...
英音和美音的几大区别
• 美音中除了Mrs.中的“r”不卷舌之外，只 要含有“r”字母的单词均要卷舌。
• spare burglar purpose chairman horse dirty ladder lecture weather
2009
• For many people in the west, New Year's Eve is the biggest party of the year. It's time to get together with friends or family and welcome in the coming year.
介绍某物体或事物
• 7/19（1992---2010） 40% 1992 Paperless World 1995 Unidentified Flying Objects 2002 Disappearing Forests 2003 Salmon 2005 The Wrist Watch 2006 The Internet 2007 Advertising
• fertile • hostile • missile • textile • ...
ile的发音不同
特殊的单词
• either • neitheri • record • dictionary • factory • laboratory • history • ....
C.同音词与近音词
• 正确:Everywhere we turn, we find paper.. 错误:Everywhere we turn, we fine paper.
常见音变现象:连读
连读，即语速加快时，两个或多个分属不同单词的相邻音连在一起读出的语音现象。常见 的连读分为以下三种：
辅音+元音 即第一个单词以辅音结尾，下一个单词以原因开头时，两个词连读。 如：out and out sit up look out of
• 正确:It is up to the tour operator... 错误:Its up to the tour operator...
• 正确：Can you imagine how difficult life would become... 错误：Can you imagine how difficult life will become...
介绍某事物发展演变过程
• 3/19 18% 1994 Change of the American Family 1998 The Railways in Britain 2004 Money
介绍某类人
• 2/19 12% 1996 The Medicine Man 2001 Characteristics of a Good Reader
• 常见的同化变音有四个 • [t]+[j] not yet last year • [d]+[j] did you could you and you • [z]+[j] because you seize you • [s]+[j] suit issue
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
常见音变现象：弱音
• 弱音指元音的弱化，即一个单词中的元音 在口语中，由于说话速度快或在句中处于 次要位置而不发标准读音，变为弱化元音 的现象。常见的弱音现象：
B.由英美两种发音差异而导致的错误
• The fees and ceremonies vary (very) greatly from state and state.
• Today's family, however, can be composed of diverse combinations.(cambinations)
• 2.爆破音/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/在/t?/, /d?/, /?/, /?/的前面时 不完全爆破。 Have you rea(d) the book about tha(t) child? The thir(d) chair is broken.
• 3.爆破音/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/在/m/, /n/, /l/, /s/的前面时不 完全爆破。 Goo(d) morning, sir. Goo(d) night. They are very frien(d)ly to us.
介绍某现象
• 3/19 18% 1993 Package Holidays 1997 Legal Age for Marriage 2008 Choosing a Career
介绍节日
• 2/19 1999 United Nations Day 2009 New Year's Eve
介绍语言或技巧
2/19 2000 Language 2010 Freshmen's Week
（二）错误分析
A. 由音变现象而导致的错误
• 正确：More energy arrives at the earth's surface in an hour than is consumed in the world in a whole year. 错误：More energy arrives at the earth's surface in a how than is consumed in the world in a whole year.
• 同音词
air-heir,aisle-isle,aren't-aunt, bare-bear, brake-break, bred-bread, buy-by, cell-sell, cent-scent, cereal-serial, coarse-course, complement-compliment, dam-damn, dear-deer, die-dye, eight-ate, eye-I, fair-fare, fatherfarther, flour-flower, for-four, forth-fourth, groan-grown, hair-hare, heal-heel, hear-here, herd-heard, hole-whole, hour-our, idle-idol, knight-night, knot-not, know-no, knows-nose, knew-new, made-maid, mail-male, wringring, meat-meet, one-won, pair-pear, passed-past, peace-piece, plain-pear, poor-pour, pray-prey, principalprinciple,profit-prophet,real-reel, right-write-rite, rootroute, sail-sale, scene-sen,sea-see, seam-seem, sewso-sow, sight-site,steal-steel, sun-son,tail-tale, theretheir,threw-through,tire-tyre, two-to-two, way-weigh, wear-where, weather-whether, week-weak, weight-wait, wood--would,wore-war, worn-warn
辅音+[h]音 即第一个单词以辅音结尾，下一格单词以清辅音[h]开头，前一辅音将击穿清辅音[h]，直接
与[h]后的原因相拼。 如：giver her miss him is he busy
字母r+元音 即第一个单词以字母r或者re结尾，下一个单词以原因开头，原本不发音的字母r或者re发辅
音[r]，并与后面的元音相拼。 如：are in there are more and more where am I
不完全爆破的几种可能
• 1. /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/这6个爆破音中的任何两个音素相 邻时,前者发不完全爆破音,后者则要完全地，彻底地进行 爆破。 I has a ba(d) col(d) today. You shoul(d) ta(k)e care of the children. Gla(d) to meet you.
近音词
• lead-lid, deed-did, peek-pick • fool-full, pool-pull • cart-cut, heart-hut • mass-mess, bad-bed, dad-dead • fight-fat, bike-back, lack-like • veil-whale, vest-west, vet-wet • sign-shine, sigh-shy, same-shame • course-cause,fuss-fuzz,house-house,loose-lose • worth-worse,path-pass,think-sink • thin-thing, sin-sing, ban-bang, right in-writing • lace-race, collect-correct, light-right • need-lead, night-light,nine-line
考试时间：15分钟 总分：15分 共一篇短文，长度约150个词，含15个左右意群，每个 意群一分。共朗读四遍：第一，四遍以正常速度朗读， 语速为每分钟120个词；第二三遍朗读时意群，分句间 会留出15秒
（一）主题分析
• 文体 ：说明文（exposition) • 题材： 介绍某物体或事物 介绍某事物发展演变过程 介绍某类人 介绍某现象 介绍节日 介绍语言或技巧
D.单词评写错误
• 容易混淆的词尾 • visitor-visiter • builder-buildor • distributor-distributer • resistance-resistence • independence-independance • license-lisence • ...
2004
• Flight 5125 scheduled to take off at 11:30 will be delayed for 20 minutes. Please check in half an hour prior to departure.
常见音变现象:同化
• 英语口语中，某些音，特别是辅音连读通 常发生音变，称作音的同化现象。
字母o的读音
美音中/t/ 出现在两个元音之间且处于非 重读位置的时候，发音近似/d/
• letter • matter • city • better • pretty • waitor • winter • chapter • ...
字母u在l, d, n, t 之后,发音不同
• due • produce • attitude • student • opportunity • supermarket • tune • stupid • ...
字母a的发音
• ask • can't • dance • fast • half • path • chance • advantage • answer • ....
• bottle • popular • odd • shop • box • crop • hot • polish • spot • ....
长原因弱化为短原因 he been 元音前的辅音省略或辅音前的元音弱读 his
have 元音弱化成？ us for
常见音变现象:失去爆破
• /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/是英语中的6个爆破音 。（爆破音是指发音器官 在口腔中形成阻 碍，然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。）在 某些 情况下，发爆破音时，气流不必冲破 阻碍 ，而只是发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍 ，并稍做停顿，即做好发出这个爆破音的 准备，但不要发出音来。这类情况就叫做 失去爆破或不完全爆破 。
• There are carefully scheduled (...)stops...
英音和美音的几大区别
• 美音中除了Mrs.中的“r”不卷舌之外，只 要含有“r”字母的单词均要卷舌。
• spare burglar purpose chairman horse dirty ladder lecture weather
2009
• For many people in the west, New Year's Eve is the biggest party of the year. It's time to get together with friends or family and welcome in the coming year.
介绍某物体或事物
• 7/19（1992---2010） 40% 1992 Paperless World 1995 Unidentified Flying Objects 2002 Disappearing Forests 2003 Salmon 2005 The Wrist Watch 2006 The Internet 2007 Advertising
• fertile • hostile • missile • textile • ...
ile的发音不同
特殊的单词
• either • neitheri • record • dictionary • factory • laboratory • history • ....
C.同音词与近音词
• 正确:Everywhere we turn, we find paper.. 错误:Everywhere we turn, we fine paper.
常见音变现象:连读
连读，即语速加快时，两个或多个分属不同单词的相邻音连在一起读出的语音现象。常见 的连读分为以下三种：
辅音+元音 即第一个单词以辅音结尾，下一个单词以原因开头时，两个词连读。 如：out and out sit up look out of
• 正确:It is up to the tour operator... 错误:Its up to the tour operator...
• 正确：Can you imagine how difficult life would become... 错误：Can you imagine how difficult life will become...
介绍某事物发展演变过程
• 3/19 18% 1994 Change of the American Family 1998 The Railways in Britain 2004 Money
介绍某类人
• 2/19 12% 1996 The Medicine Man 2001 Characteristics of a Good Reader
• 常见的同化变音有四个 • [t]+[j] not yet last year • [d]+[j] did you could you and you • [z]+[j] because you seize you • [s]+[j] suit issue
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
常见音变现象：弱音
• 弱音指元音的弱化，即一个单词中的元音 在口语中，由于说话速度快或在句中处于 次要位置而不发标准读音，变为弱化元音 的现象。常见的弱音现象：
B.由英美两种发音差异而导致的错误
• The fees and ceremonies vary (very) greatly from state and state.
• Today's family, however, can be composed of diverse combinations.(cambinations)
• 2.爆破音/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/在/t?/, /d?/, /?/, /?/的前面时 不完全爆破。 Have you rea(d) the book about tha(t) child? The thir(d) chair is broken.
• 3.爆破音/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/在/m/, /n/, /l/, /s/的前面时不 完全爆破。 Goo(d) morning, sir. Goo(d) night. They are very frien(d)ly to us.
介绍某现象
• 3/19 18% 1993 Package Holidays 1997 Legal Age for Marriage 2008 Choosing a Career
介绍节日
• 2/19 1999 United Nations Day 2009 New Year's Eve
介绍语言或技巧
2/19 2000 Language 2010 Freshmen's Week
（二）错误分析
A. 由音变现象而导致的错误
• 正确：More energy arrives at the earth's surface in an hour than is consumed in the world in a whole year. 错误：More energy arrives at the earth's surface in a how than is consumed in the world in a whole year.
• 同音词
air-heir,aisle-isle,aren't-aunt, bare-bear, brake-break, bred-bread, buy-by, cell-sell, cent-scent, cereal-serial, coarse-course, complement-compliment, dam-damn, dear-deer, die-dye, eight-ate, eye-I, fair-fare, fatherfarther, flour-flower, for-four, forth-fourth, groan-grown, hair-hare, heal-heel, hear-here, herd-heard, hole-whole, hour-our, idle-idol, knight-night, knot-not, know-no, knows-nose, knew-new, made-maid, mail-male, wringring, meat-meet, one-won, pair-pear, passed-past, peace-piece, plain-pear, poor-pour, pray-prey, principalprinciple,profit-prophet,real-reel, right-write-rite, rootroute, sail-sale, scene-sen,sea-see, seam-seem, sewso-sow, sight-site,steal-steel, sun-son,tail-tale, theretheir,threw-through,tire-tyre, two-to-two, way-weigh, wear-where, weather-whether, week-weak, weight-wait, wood--would,wore-war, worn-warn
辅音+[h]音 即第一个单词以辅音结尾，下一格单词以清辅音[h]开头，前一辅音将击穿清辅音[h]，直接
与[h]后的原因相拼。 如：giver her miss him is he busy
字母r+元音 即第一个单词以字母r或者re结尾，下一个单词以原因开头，原本不发音的字母r或者re发辅
音[r]，并与后面的元音相拼。 如：are in there are more and more where am I
不完全爆破的几种可能
• 1. /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/这6个爆破音中的任何两个音素相 邻时,前者发不完全爆破音,后者则要完全地，彻底地进行 爆破。 I has a ba(d) col(d) today. You shoul(d) ta(k)e care of the children. Gla(d) to meet you.
近音词
• lead-lid, deed-did, peek-pick • fool-full, pool-pull • cart-cut, heart-hut • mass-mess, bad-bed, dad-dead • fight-fat, bike-back, lack-like • veil-whale, vest-west, vet-wet • sign-shine, sigh-shy, same-shame • course-cause,fuss-fuzz,house-house,loose-lose • worth-worse,path-pass,think-sink • thin-thing, sin-sing, ban-bang, right in-writing • lace-race, collect-correct, light-right • need-lead, night-light,nine-line