词语的翻译：加减法

补充法源自文库
• • • • • • • • This is the best resolution to that problem. 这是那个问题最好的解决方案 Don’t take it seriously! I am just kidding. 别当真嘛！我只是开开玩笑而已！ He is a famous presidential historian. 他是一位著名的研究总统的历史学家。 She is more royal than the royals. 他比较皇室成员更有皇家气质。
（2）抽象词具体化
• Behind him I saw the long gray waves of the Atlantic at work. • 在他背后，我看见大西洋上灰色的巨浪，汹涌澎湃。 • There are 3 steps which must be taken before we graduate from this kind of technology. • 我们要完全掌握这种工艺，必须经过三个阶段。 • 他对美国只是有个初步了解。 • He knows ABC about America.
补充法
• You must come back before 9, period! • 你必须九点前回来，没什么可商量的！ • That little puppet has been pronounced to be uncommonly flexible in the joints, lively on the wire.
省略介词
• On Sunday we have no class • 星期天我们没有课。 • Trees grow along both banks of the canal. • 运河两岸都长着树。 • Smoking is not allowed in the store house • 仓库重地，禁止吸烟。
省略赘词
• The theme of 2010 world exposition, “better city better life”, is characterized by three distinctive features: reflecting the spirit of age, being original in concepts, and having universal significance . • 2010年世博会的主题“更好的城市，更好的生活” 有三个与众不同的特点：反映时代精神，具有独创的 理念，具有普遍的意义。 • 2010年世博会的主题“城市让生活更美好”体现了 三个特点：时代性、独创性、普遍性。
2.词的语境意义
I am hungry: 我饿了 该下班了 该开饭了 该休息了 我想吃苹果了 ……
3．词的引申意义: (1)具体词抽象化
• They have smiles and tears. • 他们有欢乐，也有哀愁 • During the war, he was only an embryo （胚胎） surgeon. • 战争期间，他只是一个初出茅庐的外科医生 • Application of laser in medicine is still in its infancy. • 激光在医学中的应用仍处在发展的初期。
(1)具体词抽象化
• He is not one to let his heart rule his head. • 他不是那种用感情支配理智的人。 • His success has pushed his forerunners’ point into the background. • 他的成就使其前辈们黯然失色。 • That is a long story. • 说来话长
词语的翻译
一词多意、具体抽象、加减法
1．一词多意
词是组成句子的基本单位，也是翻译的 最小单位，只有把词的翻译处理好了， 才有可能翻译好句子和篇章。而词意又 往往是影响词语翻译的关键。我们不能 望文生义,要根据实际情况来确定其具体 意义。
家
• 家和万事兴 • If the family lives in harmony, all affairs will prosper. • 家丑不可外扬 • Domestic shame should not be made public. • 他家又旧又破 • His house is old and broken. • 城里有三家电影院 • There are 3 cinemas in the city.
water
• • • • • • • • • • • • Don’t water the wine. 不要往酒里加水 The smoke makes my eyes water. 烟熏得我双眼泪水汪汪 He waters when he saw the moon cake. 他看见月饼，直流口水。 It is not a good habit to water everywhere. 小孩子随地小便不是好习惯。 The land is watered by these rivers. 这片土地受这些河流灌溉。 What you said does not hold water. 你说的话没有根据。
省略代词
• One must make painstaking efforts before one masters a foreign language. • 要想学好一门外语，非要下苦工夫不可。 • If your TV set does not work properly, you’d better not have it repaired. Just buy a new one. • 如果电视机坏了，最好别修，再去买台新的。
• 那个小木偶关节非常灵活，线一拉就活泼地手 舞足蹈起来。
（2）省略法：省略冠词
• • • • A book is useful 书很有用。 Watt invented the steam machine. 瓦特发明了蒸汽机。
省略连词
• I can finish the work so long as you give me time. • （只要）给我时间，我就能完成工作。 • There must be some people in the room, for l heard a voice. • 我听见有声音，屋里准有人。
4．词语的翻译方法和技巧
• There is no mathematics without plus or minus, which holds good for translation.-----Taylor (American) • 没有加减就没有数学，这也适用于翻译。
（1）补充法
• The Bakers are from New York city. • 贝克一家来自纽约市。 • There are two roads for you to choose one, confessing your crimes or refusing to confess them. • 摆在你面前的路有两条：一条是坦白交待，另 一条是拒不认罪。 • According to American authorities,„ • 据美国当局透露„