高中英语人教版必修四教学案：Unit 4 Section 3含答案

[语法初识]

原句感知自主探究①．．．I saw several young people enter the waiting

area looking around curiously．

②I stood for a minute watching them and then went

to greet them．

③She stepped back appearing surprised．．．

④Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada．

⑤When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door．．．

⑥Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving away．

⑦The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished．

⑧Hearing the news, they immediately set off．

⑨Having written a letter, I listened to music for a while．(1)动词-ing形式在句中可作伴随状语(句①、②、③、④、⑤)，时间状语(句⑥)，结果状语(句⑦)，原因状语(句⑧、⑨)。

(2)若动词-ing短语为一般式，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生(句⑧)；若动词-ing短语为完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前(句⑨)。

(3)动词-ing形式的逻辑主语都是句子的主语(句①～⑨)。

[语法剖析]

语法点一现在分词作状语的用法现在分词(短语)在句中作状语用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。

．作时间状语

现在分词作时间状语时，常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。

Hearing the noise, I turned round．

When I heard the noise, I turned round．

听到响声我转过身去。

．作原因状语

现在分词作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。

Being poor, he couldn't afford a TV set．

＝Because he was poor, he couldn't afford a TV set．

由于贫穷，他买不起一台电视机。

3．作条件状语

现在分词作条件状语时，相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。

Working hard, you'll certainly succeed．

＝If you work hard, you'll certainly succeed．

只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。

4．作结果状语

现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。

The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage．

大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。

[点津]现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：

He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold．

被雨淋后他感冒了。

I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday．

我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。

5．作让步、方式和伴随状语

现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。

Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book．

1

1

1

式

即时演练2

用所给动词的适当形式填空

①Seeing_(see) nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note．

②Having_suffered (suffer) such heavy pollution, it may now be too late to clean up the river．

③Having_lived (live) in Beijing for years, I almost know every place quite well．

④(江西高考改编)Having_spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel．

2．现在分词的语态

使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。

Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy．(现在分词的被动式)

被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。

Having finished his homework, he went to bed．(现在分词的主动式)

完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。

即时演练3

3－1．用所给动词的适当形式填空

①Being_talked (talk) to, you should look into the eyes of the person．

②Having_been_told (tell) for several times, he still couldn't understand the rules．

③Hearing (hear) the bad news, she didn't know what to do．

3－2．单句改错

④(重庆高考改编)Being asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film．

Being_asked→Having_been_asked

3．动词-ing形式的否定式：not ＋v．-ing; not having ＋v．-ed

Not knowing this, he didn't come．

他不知道这件事，所以没来。

Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting．

因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。

4．独立主格

动词-ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。

All the students having sat down, the lecture began．

所有学生坐好之后，讲座开始了。

The new year coming, we were happy．

新年来了，我们很高兴。

The regulation permitting, I will go with you．

制度允许的话，我就和你去。

即时演练4

4－1．用现在分词的独立主格结构改写下列句子

①If weather permits, we shall go there on foot．

→Weatherpermitting,_we shall go there on foot．

②After Mary came back, they discussed it together．

→Marycomingback,_they discussed it together．

4－2．完成句子

③(江苏高考改编)The_lecture_having_been_given (讲座结束后), a lively

question-and-answer session followed．

④Spring_coming_on (春天来了), the trees turned green．

5．现在分词作评注性状语

有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking “一般来说”，judging by/from ．．．“从……判断”，taking everything into consideration “从全盘考虑”。

Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad．

从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。

Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys．

一般来说，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。