中英互译英语学习

• New antibiotic development has slowed down for many reasons. • 新抗生素的研发速度因很多原因而放慢了。 • There are huge costs involved in developing and marketing antibiotics. • 有关抗生素的开发和营销需要巨额费用。 • It is estimated that at present it costs about US$300 million per new compound released on the international markets. • 据估计，目前在国际市场上每推出一种新 药约耗费300美元。
• To be successful in our treatment of bacterial infections in the future we will need to design completely new classes of antibiotics. • 将来要在我们的细菌性感染治疗上取得成功， 我们将需要设计全新种类的抗生素。 • We need the equivalent of the discovery of penicillin by Fleming and its development by Florey to be repeated every 10-20 years if we want to keep ahead of bacterial infections. • 如果我们想要在细菌感染面前保持领先，我们 需重复地每隔10-20年就得有相当于由弗莱明 发现的并由弗洛里开发的青霉素的等同物。
Antibiotics are nonrenewable resources 抗生素是不可再生的资源
韩旭鹤
• In the past we have managed to develop new antibiotics to replace those that had become ineffective, but that has changed now that some bacteria have become resistant to all available drug treatments. • 在过去，我们设法去开发新的抗生素，以 取代那些已变得无效的抗生素，但那种情 况已经变了，由于一些细菌对所有可用的 药物治疗已具耐药性。
• Compared with many other bacteria, S.aureus is a very virulent or aggressive bacterium and can produce life-threatening infections. • 与许多其他细菌相比，金黄色葡萄球菌是种有 剧毒或具有攻击性的细菌，并且能够产生致命 的感染。 • In Japan and the US, strains resistant to vancomycin have been found, placing a death sentence on patient with these infections. • 在日本和美国，对万古霉素抗药的菌株已经被 发现，这是对这些感染病人判死刑。
NEW RESEARCH 新的研究
• Bacteria continually develop resistance to antibiotics. • 细菌不断发展对抗生素耐药性。 • It is therefore essential that there should be ongoing research and development so new antibiotics are developed. • 因此，必须要有不间断的研制和开发，从 而开发新的抗生素。
• Until recently infections caused by multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is common in most hospitals, could be treated using vancomycin. • 直到最近多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA） 所引起的感染，这是大部分医院常见的感 染，可使用万古霉素治疗。
• The problem with this tactic is that it would increase the likelihood of resistance to this drug of last resort. • 这种方法的问题所在是，它将增加对这最后一 招的药物耐药的可能性。 • We are safe while these bacteria remain sensitive to erythromycin or tetracycline but, given the experience with their hospitalbaseΒιβλιοθήκη Baidu cousins, it will only be a matter of time before these become ineffective too. • 在这些细菌对红霉素或四环素仍然敏感的时候， 我们是安全的，但是，考虑到它们在医院里的 同类菌株的经验，在这些药物也变得无效之前 这将只是一个时间上的问题。
• In the US, outbreaks of multi-resistant strains have occurred in both health settings and prisons, causing the deaths of many who came into contact with the original infected person. • 在美国，出现在健康环境和监狱的多耐药 菌株的疫情爆发，造成很多与接触到最初 的感染者的人的死亡。
• However, this was also the case for the MRSA strains in hospitals 10-15 years ago. • 不过，这也是10-15年前医院里MRSA菌株 的情况。 • One approach would be to treat all cases of Golden Staph infection with vancomycin. • 万古霉素的使用可治疗所有感染金黄色葡 萄球菌的病例。
COMMON BACTERIA 常见的细菌
• Respiratory tract infections-- particularly pneumonia, middle ear infections and sinusitis --are often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. • 呼吸道感染——尤其是肺炎，中耳炎，窦炎— —通常是由肺炎链球菌引起的。 • This organism is also a common cause of bacterial meningitis. • 这种微生物也是一种细菌性脑膜炎的常见病因。
• Antibiotic resistance is not only confined to hospitals; multi-resistant strains of Golden Staph are now appearing in the Australian community. • 抗生素耐药性不仅局限于医院;金黄色葡萄 球菌多重耐药菌株现已在澳大利亚社区出 现。 • These strains, unlike their hospital-based cousins, usually remain sensitive to agents such as erythromycin and tetracycline. • 不像它们在医院里的同类菌株，这些菌株 通常对药剂保持敏感，如红霉素和四环素。
• Antibiotics have made a huge difference to this condition, but we are now getting to the stage where we no longer have effective and proven therapy that works against some of these higher level resistance strains. • 抗生素对这种情况起到了巨大的作用，但我们 现在进入了不再有抵抗这些高浓度耐药株有效 的和已经被证明的治疗方法的阶段。 • If early treatment doesn’t occur, patients can be left with profound problems such as neurological impairment or deafness. • 如果早期治疗不被发现，患者可遗留下严重问 题，如神经损伤或失聪。
• Because of the migration patterns and travel of people around the world, these strains can easily be introduced into other countries. • 由于移民的情况与世界各地的人们的旅游， 这些菌株可以很容易地被引入到其他国家。 • At present many of these bacteria are still treatable but more toxic drugs are needed and treatment takes longer. • 目前许多这些细菌仍是可处理的，但需要 更多有毒的药品和延长了治疗时间。
• There are other examples of lifethreatening infections that are resistant to multiple antibiotics. • 还有其他对多种抗生素耐药的致命感染的 例子。 • One of these is tuberculosis, with multiresistant strains of TB common in many countries. • 其中之一是肺结核，它以多耐药结核菌株 常见于许多国家。
• Since the late 1980s we have seen an exponential rate of increase in the antibiotic resistance of this organism. • 20世纪80年代末以来，我们已经经历了这 种微生物的抗生素耐药呈指数的速度增长。 • In the late 1980s, approximately 1% of these isolates in Australia were resistant to penicillin. • 在20世纪80年代末，在澳大利亚大约1％的 这种分离菌株对青霉素耐药。
• In a study performed a few years ago, the rate of resistance had risen to 7% and more recently the rate of resistance appears to have been growing at about 20%. • 在几年前完成的一项研究中显示，耐药率已经 上升到7％，而且较近期的耐药率似乎已在以 约20％的速度增长。 • This rising resistance has particular relevance for meningitis, which was uniformly fatal in the pre-antibiotic era. • 这上升的耐药性对脑膜炎有特殊的相关性，脑 膜炎在前抗生素时代是一律致命的。