与房地产有关词汇

与房地产有关词汇

property 物业，资产

interest 产权

subsidiary 附属机构，子公司

valuation 评估

open market value 公开市场价值

leaseback 售后回租（即租回已出售的财产）

on a residual basis 剩余法

capital value 资本价值

cost of development 开发费（指拆迁费，七通一平费等）professional fee 专业人员费（指勘察设计费等）finance costs 融资成本（指利息等）

sale proceeds 销售收益

on the basis of capitalisation 资本还原法

floor area 建筑面积

title document 契约文书

plaza 购物中心

land use certificate 土地使用证

commercial/residential complex 商住综合楼

land use fee 土地使用费（获得土地使用权后，每年支付国家的使用土地费用）

Grant Contract of Land Use Right 土地使用权出让合同plot ratio 容积率

site coverage 建筑密度

land use term 土地使用期

project approval 项目许可

planning approval 规划许可

commission 佣金

permit 许可证

business license 营业执照

strata-title 分层所有权

public utilities 公共设施

urban planning 城市规划

state-owned land 国有土地

fiscal allotment 财政拨款

grant or transfer 出让或转让

the Municipal Land Administration Bureau 市土地管理局infrastructure 基础设施financial budget 财政预算

public bidding 公开招标

auction 拍卖

negotiation /agreement协议

land efficiency 土地效益

location classification 地段等级

projecting parameter 规划参数

government assignment 政府划拨

administrative institution 行政事业单位

key zones for development 重点开发区

tract 大片土地

biding document 标书

prerequisitioned land 预征土地

competent authorities 主管部门

construction project 建设项目

planning permit of construction engineering 建设工程规划许可证

go through the formalities 办手续

comprehensive sub-areas 综合分区

reconstruction of old area 旧区改造

purchasing power 购买力

property trust 物业信托

equity 权益

cash flows 现金流量

appreciation 增值

disposition 处置

hedge 保值措施

income tax shelter 收入税的庇护

downturn （经济）衰退

wealth maximisation 最大限度的增加财产（同其他投资相比）

forecast 预测

rules-of-thumb techniques 经验法

mortgage lender 抵押放贷者

vacancy 空房

discounted cash flow models 折现值现金流量模型

Real estate is supposed to be put to its “highest and best use.” It comes in several varieties : residential , commercial , a nd industrial. Among residential properties , there are houses , apartment buildings and other special-use properties such as time shares . Most areas are zoned for residential , commercial , industrial , or other forms of real estate . But sometimes you can upgrade real estate by building a more remunerative type as permitted , or by going to city hall to get the land rezoned for a higher type of use . Thus , an investor might be able to upgrade residential property for commercial use . If it were mixed residential and commercial , one might be able to convert it to all of one or the other , depending on which was the more profitable use in this area . A person might buy a building and adjoining land , and either erect another building on the spare land or sell the land for a profit . Industrial properties are the trickiest to deal with becaus e they tend to consist of “ single-use ” buildings such as a factory , which are hard to convert to other uses if the business closes down .

房地产应该得到完全充分地利用。根据用途，其可分为以下几类：居民用房、商业用房、以及工业用房。其中居民用房包括民宅、公寓以及其他特殊用途的房产（例如分时共用房产）。虽然大部分区域被规划为居民区，工业区，或其他房地产区，但偶尔你也可以通过获批（或市政厅重新规划）建造更多的其它形式的有偿地产。因此，投资者可以通过将居民用房变为商业用房来提高房地产的利用价值。如果该种物业类型混合了居住型和商业型的特色，使用者可以根据在当地房屋的盈利情况选择将其变为居住型或商业型房产，亦或居住商业混合型的。某人买房的同时可以买下与其相连的空地，也可以在空地上建造另一栋楼房，当然也可以卖掉这块地。工业房产是最难处理的房产，因为它是由单一用途的建筑组成（例如工厂），而当企业破产后的房产是相当难转化为其他用途的。

Real estate can be owned in several ways . The most common way is as a stand-alone building , usually a house . A unit in an apartment can also be owned as a condominium . In such a situation , people own individual apartments within the building , while the manager of the building owns the lobby and other areas open to all that are known as common areas . Apartment owners pay a fee to the manager for the use of these common areas known as maintenance . If the building goes bankrupt , the lender will foreclose on the ownership of the common area , but individual apartment owners will not be affected . A less safe arrangement is a cooperative , or co-op for short . Here , a corporation owns an apartment building , and individual apartment owners buy shares in the building corresponding to the value of their apartment . The apartment itself is occupied under a proprietary lease . Here , if the building is mortgaged and defaults , the lender to the building can foreclose on the whole corporation , which is to say that individual apartment owners lose their shares in their apartments , and thus , the ownership of the units themselves .

房地产有以下几种拥有形式：最常见的方式是单一楼房，比如住宅。公寓的一个单位的产权可以归居住者自有。在次种情况之下，个人拥有该房屋建筑里面的某个人单元，而房屋建筑经营者拥有大堂或者其他公共区域。公寓所有人为该部分公用区域给公寓管理者付的费用称为物业管理费。如果该栋建筑物房产破产，贷方会取消公共区域的赎回权，但个人部分不受影响。合作经营（或者短期消费合作）是指一家公司拥有一个公寓型建筑，而拥有公寓所有权的个人根据公寓价值买该公寓的股份，这栋公寓本身就存在房产租赁契约，在这种情况下，如果该公寓是作为抵押借款或是为了拖欠债务，该房屋的贷方能取消整个公司的赎回权，也就是说公寓所有权的个人失去了他们对该建筑物的房产份额，当然，他们对房屋单元的所有权也会相应失去。所以，这种管理模式不太保险。

Co-ops are much harder to finance than condos .In the case of a condo , the owner has title to the unit , which the bank can repossess in the event of a default . The unit can then be liquidated fairly easily , as in the case of a detached building such as a house . In the case of a co-op , the bank can repossess only the shares corresponding to the apartment , not the unit itself . This is a much weaker form of security because the co-op loans . The ones that do are mainly in large cities like New York