高中语法时态和语态

一、动词的时态和语态

名称构成用法

一般现在时do/does,( 连系动词

is/am/are )

1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、

科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。

2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现

在时表示将来。

I’ll go there after I finish my work.

If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.

3.在以he re,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词

的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。

There goes the bell.铃响了。

There comes the bus.汽车来了。

Here she comes.她来了。

一般过去时did,( 连系动词

was/were)

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或

过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

现在进行时is/am/are doing 1.表示正在进行的动作。

2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。

She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.

从明天起他要做老师。

My father is coming to see me this Saturday.

这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。

3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。

The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.

长江江水滚滚向东流。

The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。

过去进行时was/were doing 1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）

He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.

2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行

They were still working when I left.

3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生

I was writing while he was watching TV.

4.表示过去将来动作

He said she was arriving the next day.

现在完成时has/have done 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说

话时已

完成的动作。

I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.

2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段时间状语连用。

He has learned English for six years.

They have worked here since they left college.

3.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”。

—Where is Li Hua?

－He has gone to the reading-room.

—She knows a lot about Shanghai.

－She has been there.

4.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），

join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。不能说：He has joined the army for three years.

要翻译“他已参军已经三年了。”可采用

①“ago法”

He joined the army three years ago.

②“延续法”

H e has been in the army for three years.

③“since法”

It is/has been three years since he joined the army.

过去完成时had done 1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。

He had shut the door before the dog came up. Everything had been all right up till this morning.

2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到

另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。

At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.

He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. 3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词

的

过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。We had expected that you would be able to win the match.

将来完成时will/shall have done 用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短

语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。

We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.

现在完成进行

时has/have been doing

用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（还要

继续下

去）的动作。He has been doing the maths problems

since 8:00.

过去完成进行

时had been doing

表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一

个过去时刻才完成，还将继续下去。

一般将来时

will/shall do

is/am/are going to

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况

（详见下面2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较）