国际结算托收(讲课用)
国际结算托收课件

THANKS
商业发票是托收银行审核交易背 景和交货情况的重要依据,也是
进口商清关和纳税的凭证。
在托收业务中,商业发票的准确 性和完整性对于保障交易双方的
权益至关重要。
运输单据
运输单据是证明货物运输情况 和货物所有权的重要单据,包 括海运提单、空运单和铁路运 单等。
运输单据上应注明货物的详细 信息,如货物名称、数量、重 量、体积、装运日期等。
防范欺诈风险的措施包括:核实交易方信息、检查单据真实 性、使用安全的支付方式、及时报告可疑行为等。同时,应 了解当地法律法规,寻求法律援助,维护自身合法权益。
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国际结算托收中的单据
商业发票
商业发票是托收业务中的重要单 据之一,它详细列出了买卖双方 之间的交易条款和条件,包括商 品描述、数量、单价、总价等。
代收行需对单据进行审核,确保单据符 合托收条件和惯例。
代收行需确保单据安全、及时地送达付 款行,并通知付款行有关付款或拒绝付
款的情况。
付款行的责任与义务
付款行负责根据代收 行的指示,按照托收 条件和惯例进行付款 。
付款行需确保付款及 时、准确地到达代收 行或委托人指定的账 户。
付款行需对单据进行 审核,确保单据符合 托收条件和惯例。
特点
托收是一种商业信用结算方式,银行仅作为中介,不承担付款责任;托收具有 灵活性和方便性,适用于各种贸易结算;托收风险较高,需谨慎使用。
托收的种类
跟单托收
附有货运单据的托收,分为付款 交单(D/P)和承兑交单(D/A) 两种。
光票托收
不附货运单据,仅凭汇票或发票 等单据进行托收。
托收的优势与不足
托收银行通常会要求出口商提 供正本运输单据作为交货证明 ,以便进口商清关和提货。
国际结算之托收方式课件

收业务提供了统一的准则。
意义
实施《托收统一规则》有利于减 少托收业务中的纠纷,提高结算 效率,降低交易成本,促进国际
贸易的顺利进行。
国际商事合同法律适用原则
概述
意思自治原则
国际商事合同是指具有涉外因素的商业合 同,其法律适用原则对于确定合同权利义 务、解决合同争议具有重要意义。
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托收方式的操作流程
卖方的交单
卖方根据合同规定, 将装运单据交给出口 地的银行,并委托其 代为收款。
卖方需按照合同规定 的时间和地点交单。
卖方需确保单据齐全 、正确,以便买方顺 利清关提货。
银行的寄单
出口地银行收到卖方提交的单据后, 会根据托收指示将单据寄给进口地银 行。
银行在寄单后,会及时通知卖方单据 已经寄出。
银行风险的防范措施包括:选择信誉良好的银行作为交易对手,对银行进行充分 的尽职调查和风险评估,以及在合同中明确约定银行的责任和义务等。
风险防范措施
综合运用多种风险防范措施,包括但不限于:建立完善的风险管理体系,提高风险管理水平;加强内 部控制和审计,确保业务流程的规范性和操作的准确性;投保相关保险,降低潜在的经济损失等。
国际结算之托收方式课件
目录 CONTENTS
• 托收方式概述 • 托收方式的操作流程 • 托收方式的单据 • 托收方式的风险与防范 • 托收方式的国际惯例与法律适用 • 托收方式案例分析
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托收方式概述
托收的定义与特点
托收的定义
托收是指出口商通过银行将单据 转交给进口商所在地的银行,并 委托该银行代为收款的一种结算 方式。
THANKS
《国际结算托收》课件

托收业务的操作步骤
详细介绍国际托收业务的步骤 和流程,包括托收指令的出具、 通知行的接受和处理等。
分步讲解国际托收业务的操作 要点,包括相关单证的准备和 提交等关键环节。
托收单证的准备与提交
介绍托收业务中所需准备和提 交的各类单证,确保学员全面 了解相关要求。
国际结算业务流程
结算业务的基本流程
深入解析国际结算业务的基 本流程,包括收付汇的程序、 资金清算和交割等重要步骤。
结算业务的操作步骤
详细讲解国际结算业务的操 作要点,包括资金结算、账 户核对和业务记录等关键环 节。
结算单证的准备与提交
介绍结算业务中பைடு நூலகம்需准备和 提交的各类单证,确保学员 全面了解相关要求。
常见问题与风险防范
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托收业务中的常见问题
剖析国际托收业务中常见的问题和挑战,提供解决方案和风险防范策略。
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结算
托收的定义和特点
深入解析托收业务的概念、特点和基本要素,帮助学员理解托收的核心概念。
结算的定义和特点
详细讲解结算业务的定义、特点和相关要素,帮助学员熟悉结算业务的基本概念。
托收与结算的联系和区别
对比托收和结算业务,分析二者的共同点和不同之处,帮助学员理清二者的关系。
国际托收业务流程
托收业务的基本流程
探讨国际结算业务中的常见问题,分析潜在风险并提供应对措施,确保学员能够 在实际操作中做出准确决策。
《国际结算托收》PPT课 件
本课程致力于介绍国际结算托收的基本概念和业务流程,帮助学员全面了解 托收与结算的联系和区别,并掌握国际托收和结算业务的操作要点和风险防 范措施。
课程介绍
本节课程将介绍《国际结算托收》PPT课件的内容和目标,适用对象以及课程 内容概述,为学员提供一个整体了解课程的框架。
国际结算第讲托收ppt课件

(出口人) 委托人
请货②
书运远
10
单期
付 款
据跟 、单 托汇
收票
申、
托收行
①贸易合同
③ 托收委托书、寄交 跟单汇票和货运单据
⑦ 承提 示 汇 票 和 单
⑧⑥
⑤
承 兑
到 期据 付
提 交 货 运
款单
据
代收行
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4、其它种类的跟单托收
部分D/P at sight,部分D/A。 凭本票交单托收 凭付款承诺书交单托收 凭银行保函交单托收
3、此外还存在银行与外商相互串通,造成出口人货款与财 务的双重损失。
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三、托收中的文件
托收申请书 托收指示 托收汇票和背书 拒付通知
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1.托收申请书的内容
出口商与托收行之间的契约——托收申请书 1)托收的交单条件。 2)票款收妥后代收行汇交托收款的方式:M/T或T/T。 3)远期付款交单是否委托国外代收行代为存仓、保险。 4)银行费用的处理。 5)拒付时是否要做成拒绝证书。 6) 拒付时货物的处理办法。 7) 付款时间的附加规定。付款人延迟付款是否加收利息,
加注:For collection
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托收汇票的当事人
进口商(payer)
出口商(drawer) 出票
提示 付款
(payee) 1、出口商 2、托收行 3、代收行
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托收汇票的背书
出口商在委托银行收款和交单时,要进行正确背书, 否则,可能会影响顺利收款。
如果汇票上的收款人为出口商本人,则出口商 应首先托收背书给托收行,即在汇票背面写成:
Pay to the order of Zhada Bank for Collection For Bank of China, Shanghai Branch Liyang
国际结算优秀第四章托收PPT参考课件

shipping documents are to be delivered against acceptance”.
2021/3/10
授课:XXX
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阳光公司装运完毕,备齐各种单据于4月15日向G银
行申请办理D/A30天的托收手续。G银行选择法国F
远期付款交单:对进口商的不利影响大一些。出口 商至少可以避免钱货两空,但不少国家D/P远期作 为D/A处理,所以不提倡使用。
承兑交单:对出口商最不利。进口商可能承兑却不 付款,出口商钱货两空。
2021/3/10
授课:XXX
15
跟单托收类型
The buyer shall duly accept the documentary draft drawn by the seller at xxx days sight upon first presentation and make due payment on its maturity. The shipping documents are to be delivered against acceptance.
9
远期付款交单(D/P at … days sight)
出口商
进口商
①提交托收申 请书及汇票和 /或单据
⑦付款
③提示汇票 和/或单据
②寄出委托指示及 汇票和/或单据
托收行
④承兑汇票 ⑤到期付款赎单
代收行
⑥付款
(D/P at … days sight)
付款人在代收行提示单据时承兑汇票,到期日付款人付款赎单。
2021/3/10
授课:XXX
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承兑交单,D/A
国际结算——托收 讲义材料

第四章托收上课材料CollectionAfter issuing payment order (draft) to importer, exporter would entrust banks with payments collection. Banks handle the business on the basis of exporter’s instruction and is not liable for the consequence of the collection, though with endeavor. Thus, bank collection is classified into commercial credit instead of bank credit.In bank collection, exporter is, to some degree, in a positive position; not releasing transportation documents( title to goods) to importer until the latter pays or accept the time draft issued by exporter, without which importer could not take delivery from carrier.Exporter is also confronted with many risks, e.g. importer might not take up transportation documents (giving up the deal) and exporter has to ship back the exports, thus entailing additional shipping and insurance costs. Or, after accepting and taking hold of the documents, importer would refuse to pay at maturity. Banks are not responsible for these breaches. So, it is commercial credit, not bank credit and is applied only when both sides know well about and have enough faith in each other. Its advantage is that collection fees earned by banks are relatively low.1、DefinitionAn arrangement whereby the goods are shipped and a relevant bill of exchange is drawn by seller on buyer, and/or shipping documents are forwarded to seller’s bank with clear instructions for collection through one of its correspondent bank located in the domicile of buyer.2、Parties to collection operationPrincipal = exporter = seller = drawer =remitterRemitting bank = exporter’s bank in exporting countryCollecting bank = importer’s bank in importing countryImporter = buyer = draweePresenting bank = bank at importer’s place3、Flow chart of Documentary Collection①Deliver goods②B/L③Documents and Instructions (Application)④Rept.⑤Collection Order or Instruction & docs.⑥Present⑦Pay⑧Release Documents D/A or D/P⑨Credit Advice or Debit Authorization⑩Hand in B/L((11))Deliver goods4、Delivering documents = Delivering goodsBuyer must take delivery of goods with bill of Lading (B/L), which is receipt issued by carrier when receiving goods delivered by seller for transportation. Importer must take delivery of goods against it. Without B/L, buyer could not get the goods at the carrier. For sight payment, only when buyer pay the sight draft drawn by seller would collecting bank release documents(B/L) to buyer. For time bill, only when buyer accepts time draft drawn by seller would collecting bank release documents to importer.(1)Documents against documents D/A①Time draft &other docs+application②Collection order& time draft & docs③Present time draft for acceptance④Accepted draft⑤docs= goods(The risk is that buyer would not pay after taking the goods,thoughgoods have been taken away.)⑥Present accepted draft for payment(Collecting bank keeps accepteddraft for exporter and at maturity, presents it for payment.)⑦pay(2)Document against payment D/P at sight①Sight draft& other docs,etc②Collection Order & sight Draft and docs③Presents for payment (Only one presentment for payment )(So, it is demanded that payment must be made on first presentation.)④Pay after checking (Importer would try to delay payment to wait the arrival of goods ) ⑤docs(3)Documents against payment at tenor D/P at tenor①Time draft & other docs ,application ②Collection order& time draft and other docs ③Present time draft for acceptance ④No docs after acceptance⑤pay (After payment at maturity, buyer gets documents.) ⑥docs(4)Documents against time promissory note made by buyer①Apply Docs.②Collection order & docs demanding time promissory note made by buyer(The risk is that buyer would not pay after taking the goods.)③Advise and demanding documents against time promissory note made by importer.④Time promissory note⑤docs⑥(Collecting bank keeps promissory note for seller and at maturity, presents it for payment.)Present timePromissory Note for payment⑦pay5、Presenting bank①ion&documents②Collection order&documents③Forwarddocuments④present6、In case of needCase of need might be seller’s close friend or agency in importing country, who would arrangeshipping back the goods or selling the goods to other buyer in importing country.①Documents (Application)②Collection Order and documents(In case of need, look for XXX)③present④refuse⑤present⑥Pay & take over docs.Exporter might have mentioned “case of need”on the draft when issuing it if exporter expects the possibility of importer’s dishonor.7、Types of collection(1): Documentary Collection①Deliver goods②B/L③Commercial docs+ financial Instrument OR not+ Application④Collection Order & docs,esp. transporting documents + bill of exchange or not⑤D/A or D/P ⑤present⑥Pay⑦Hand in B/L⑧Deliver goodsDocuments are released to importer against his payment or acceptance/Sometimes, importer pays against commercial documents, e.g. commercial invoice without financial draft to avoid stamp duty. (2): Clean Collection①Send sample ②Rept.③Delivery advice(①,②, ③,Post receipt is sent to buyer’s country together with sample by post office.) ④Hand in Delivery adv.⑤sample (④,⑤, Importer takes the advice to post office and get sample against it.) ⑥Only draft+Application⑦Collection Order& draft (Payment must be made through bank ) ⑧Present draft ⑨PayDividend warrant and time promissory note can also be used in clean collection (3): Direct Collection①Sign long terms contract with bank (Omit a tache, save much time )②Prenumbered presigned collection order③Deliver goods④B/L⑤Fill in collection order and forward documents and collection order directly to(As if it is sent by remitting bank whose responsibility is the same as under documentary collection.)⑥D/A or D/P (⑥present)⑦Pay⑧Hand in B/L⑨Deliver goods8、Collection order = Collection Instruction①Application filled in by exporter②Collection Order filled in by remitting bank[①, ②They are the same in contents, for remitting bank carry out order given by exporter (principal).]Specimen of collection orderPlease Collect the Under-mentioned Foreign Bill and /or Documents①Draft &other docs②Collection order& time draft & docs (Banks endeavor to collect for principals, but not responsible for unfavorable results.)③pay④docs(2)Bank’s responsibility①Banks must act upon the instructions given by principals②Banks check the documents received against order to see if there is any missingThe principal must be informed of any documents missing.③Banks are not responsible for examining the contents of documents, e.g. any discrepancies between docs.Sight bill: presentation for paymentTime bill: presentation for acceptance, then, presentation for payment10、Risks for exporter(1)Risks for exporter under documentary collection①Refuse to pay or accept time draft on some small inadvertent infraction of the sales contract.②Demand deep cut down of price, or refuse to accept the goods.③A heavy storage charge, fire insurance, demurrage and great expenses and time delay if court action is taken.(2)Risks for exporter under term payment①At the maturity of draft, importer refuses to pay②The excuse might be defective quality and ask for cut down of price or not having foreign exchange approved by authority.(3)Summary of possible reasons for dishonor①Economic reasons:e.g. defective quality of goods, short of flowing capital, downturn ofmarket, bankruptcy of importer,etc.②Political reasons: war, turbulence, foreign exchange control, having not got import license,etc.③The credit risk of importer (fraud) etc.(4)Protection for exporter ——Credit investigationFinancial credit and operational style of importerMarket trend of importing countryWhether import license or foreign exchange has been approved by relative authority.Whether political situation in importing country is steadyWhether a case of need could be found once dishonor happens, who could help handle returned goods, e.gwarehousing and insuring the goods, arranging shipmentof returned goods, finding another buyer for exporter, etc.Exporter could find an agency (usu.banks) to aid the investigation.To buy export credit insurance at government agency(e.g. import/export bank).Have direct control over documents, esp. the transporting documents,e.g. the consignee should be “to t he order of shipper, or collecting bank (with consent of collecting bank)”, which could be endorsed to importer only when payment is made.If it is non-negotiable transport document (e.g. airway bill), collecting bank should be the consignee who could issue delivery order to importer after the payment.(5)Example, Hedging OperationOn July 20,2000 an I/E corporation of China expected to receive €200 millions in 3 months and the spot rate of €is RMB7.6450, and 3-month forward rate is 7.6250 ~ 7.6630. As €has been weak against USD, to protect against the risk of €’s devaluation, the corporation signed a 3-month forward contract with Bank of China. After July 20, €devalued from USD0.91 all the way to USD 0.83. On Oct. 23, when the settlement was made € depreciated to RMB6.9570.Question: If the corporation was not engaged inhedging operation, how much loss would it suffer? And what is the percentage of the loss to the total amount of the contract?Answer :11、(1)Risks for importer under collection①Might be fraudulent documents.②Might be defective or dummy or not the model ordered by importer③Late shipment,and miss the optimal selling seasons.④In advance payment , can not inspect goods beforehand.⑤Dishonor would ruin importer’s reputation.(2)Protection for importerInvestigate exporter’s reputation and deal only with Credit worthy exporters.If it is time payment, payment time can be XX days/months after Bill of Lading date, which means that earlier delivery,earlier payment.Choose the most the favorable procedure of documents delivery basing on the credit standing, financial capability, market trend.e.g. if price is going high, use D/P. If price is going down,use D/A.Use D/P at tenor as possible as you can to confirm if goodsarrive at the harbor of your country.12、(1)Bill purchased under Documentary CollectionBank’s financing to exporterThere is no payment guarantee from collecting bank. So, remitting bank provide the service only for credit worthy client s.①Sight or time bill & full set of original Bill of Lading and apply for discounting the bill. ②Discounted amount③Collection Order & docs④Credit Advice or Debit Authorization ⑤Docs ⑥Pay ⑦Present(2)Discounting bill under documentary collectionThe payee on the draft is normally the discounting bank,e.g.13、Trust Receipt under D/P at tenor (1)This is Bank’s financingto importer①Time draft& other docs②Collection order & time draft and other docs ③Present time draft for acceptance ④Acceptance& IOU=T/R ⑤docs(④, ⑤ Importer borrows B/L and other documents by writing a Trust Receipt (T/R),usu. with permission of exporter.)⑥Accepted Bill &T/R ⑦pay(⑥, ⑦After selling the goods importer retires the bill with the money.) (2)The obligation of trustee, explanation of some points ①Not to put the goods in pledge to other personsthat is; trustee cannot pledge the goods to other banks for credit.②To settle claims of the collecting bank before liquidation in case of the trustee ’s bankruptcy.If trustee goes bankrupt, the entrusted goods would not joint the liquidation or entruster has first lien over the entrusted goods.③Entrusted goods should be stored and booked separately from other goods and can be examined by entruster any time.④Money from sale of entrusted goods should go directly to entruster ’s account. (3)Risks for collecting bank in T/R financingTrust Receipt does not prevent trustee from selling goods to (a third party) someone who buys the goods for value and without notice of trust (the goods does not belong to trustee). If trustee runs away with the money, the entruster could not sue the third party. Laws protects the purchaser in good faith.So, entruster usu. demands that a guarantor (usu. a bank) should sign the T/R in addition to trustee ’s signature.The principal presents an application for collection accompanied by draft and documents to the remitting bank for collection.An application for collection shows as follows:Commercial documents surrendered are below:B/L in triplicate, two originals and one copyInvoice in triplicate, two originals and one copyInsurance policy in duplicate, one original and one copyCertificate of origin in duplicate, One original and one copyPacking list in duplicate, One original and one copyCollection instructions are given below:Deliver documents against paymentRemit the proceeds by airmailAirmail advice of paymentCollection charges outside China from drawee, waive if refused by him.Airmail advice of non-payment with reasonsProtest waivedWhen collected, please credit proceeds to principal’s account with remitting bank. Remitting bank complete a collection instruction in accordance with principal’s application to add other requirements as follows:Ref No. OC2576459Date: 15 July,2000Please collect and remit proceeds to Bank of China, New York for credit of our account with them under their advice to usPlease produce a collection instruction attaching draft and documents to be forwarded to the collecting bank, Banque du Paris, Paris.Collection InstructionORIGINALTO:_________________ Date:_______Our Ref. No_______Dear Sirs,Please follow instruction marked”x”□Deliver documents against payments/acceptance.□Remit the proceeds by airmail/cable.□Airmail/cable advice of payment/acceptance.□Collect charges outside_____ from drawee,waive if refuse by him.□Collect interest for delay in payment____days after sight at____% per annum.□Airmail/cable advice of non-payment/non-acceptance with reasons.□Protest for non-payment/non-acceptance.□Protest waived.□When accepted, please advise us giving due date.□When collected, please credit our account with___.□Please collect and remit proceeds to ____for credit of our account with them under their advice to us. □Please collect proceeds and authorize us by airmail/cable to debit your account with us.Special InstructionsThis collection is subject to Uniform Rules for collection(1995 Revision) ICC Publication No.522Authorized signature(s)TRUST RECEIPTTO:__________ ________,________Received from the said bank a full set of shipping document evidencing the merchandise having an invoice value of______say______ as follows:And in consideration of such delivery in trust ,the undersigned hereby undertakes to land, pay customs duty and/or other charges or expenses ,store, hold and sell and deliver to purchasers the merchandise specified herein ,and to receive the proceeds as trustee for the said bank , and the undersigned promises and agrees not to sell the said merchandise or any part thereof on credit , but only for cash for a total amount not less than the invoice value specified above unless otherwise authorized by the said bank in writing.The undersigned further acknowledges assents and agrees that in the event the whole or any part of the merchandise specified herein is sold or delivered to a purchaser or purchaser any proceeds derived or to be derived from such sale or delivery shall be considered the property or the said bank and the undersigned hereby grants to be said bank full authority to collect such proceeds directly from the purchaser or purchaser without reference to the undersigned.The guarantor, as another undersigned, guarantees to the said bank the faith and proper fulfillment of the terms and conditions of the trust receipt.Guaranteed by: signed by:_____________ _______________________ ___________。
国际结算第4章托收课件

开户行
出 口 托 收 行
国际结算第4章托收
2、当代收行在托收行开立账户时,借记代收行账户
开户行
OC/collection instruction---please collect
the proceeds and authorize us by
cable/airmail to debit your a/c with us.
委托人 (2)发货 (出口商)
(3)取得单据
轮船 公司
(12) (5)
结 汇
回 单
(4)
汇票、 单据和 托收申 请书
(9)交出提单 (10)提货
付款人 (进口商)
(7) 提 示 跟 单 汇 票
(8) D/ P 付 款
D / A 承 兑 后
到
期
托收行
(6)托收指示和跟单汇票
付
款 代收行/提示行
(11)付款(贷记通知)国际结算第4章托收
n 代收行根据托收行的指示向其提示汇票、收取票款 的一方就是付款人,也是汇票的受票人。
n 付款人的责任:履行付款义务
另外,提示行(Presenting Bank)是向付款人提示单 据的银行。 再者,如果发生拒付的情况,委托人就可能需要有一 个代理人为其办理在货物运出目的港时所有有关货物 存仓、保险、重新议价、转售或运回等事宜。这个代 理人必须由委托人在委托申请书中写明,称作“需要 时的代理”(a representative to act as case-ofneed)。
托收委托人,因为是由他开具托收汇票的,所以也称 出票人。 n 委托人在贸易合同下的责任: n 按时按质按量装运货物;提供符合合同要求的单据。 n 委托人在委托代理合同下的责任: n (1)填写委托申请书,指示明确; n (2)对意外情况及时指示; n (3)承担收不到货款的损失。
国际结算托收(讲课用)解读

• 托收业务中,银行是起到了中介的作用。对代 收行来说,只有直接从托收行收到指示,才能 表明是出口方的真实意思表示,今凭进口方的 一纸传真是不能证明的。
三、托收当事人责任
• 1.委托人(Principal)
• 指在托收业务中,签发汇票并委托银行代为收款的人。 由于委托人通常开具汇票委托他的银行向国外债务人 收款,所以通常也称为出票人(Drawer)。 • 委托人在贸易合同下的责任: – 按时按质按量装运货物; – 提供符合合同要求的单据。
交 付 货 款
代收行 托收行 (出口方银行)汇票、单据、 (进口方银行
委托书
案例分析:采用D/P at sight损失案
某外贸公司与某美籍华人客商做了几笔顺利的小额交易后,
付款方式为预付。后来客人称销路已经打开,要求增加数量,
可是,由于数量太多,资金一时周转不开,最好将付款方式改 为D/P AT SIGHT。 当时我方考虑到采用 D/P AT SIGHT 的情况下,如果对方 不去付款赎单,就拿不到单据,货物的所有权归我方所有。结 果,未对客户的资信进行全面调查,就发出了价值金额为 3 万 美元的货物。
后来,事情发展极为不顺。货物到达目的港后,客
户借口资金紧张,迟迟不去赎单。10天后,各种费用相
继发生。考虑到这批货物的花色品种为客户特别指定, 拉回来也是库存,便被迫改为D/A 30天。可是,客户将 货提出之后,就再也没有音信。到涉外法律服务处与讨 债公司一问才知道,到美国打官司费用极高,于是只好 作罢。
• 委托人在委托代理合同下的责任: • (1)填写托收申请书,指示明确: –包括付款人及其账户、交单方式、收妥货款的处理 方式、银行费用负担、拒付处理。 • (2)对意外情况及时指示: –不然因此发生的损失均由委托人自己负责。 • (3)承担收不到货款的损失: –并且仍然应支付代理人的手续费及执行委托而支出 的各项费用。
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(3)按常规处理业务,并承担过失责任。 –对由于任何文件信件、或单据在寄送途中的延误和 丢失所引起的后果,或由于报、电传、或电子通迅 系统在传递中的延误、残缺和其他错误,以及由于 不可抗力、暴动、内乱、战争或其他所不能控制的 任何其它原因致使业务中断所造成的后果,不承担 义务或责任。 (4)关于代收行的选择 –如果委托人在托收申请书中指明了具体的代收行, 则托收行必须将该银行作为代收行;如果委托人没 有指定代收行,托收行有权在付款国内自由选择代 收行。
• 委托人在委托代理合同下的责任: • (1)填写托收申请书,指示明确: –包括付款人及其账户、交单方式、收妥货款的处理 方式、银行费用负担、拒付处理。 • (2)对意外情况及时指示: –不然因此发生的损失均由委托人自己负责。 • (3)承担收不到货款的损失: –并且仍然应支付代理人的手续费及执行委托而支出 的各项费用。
风险由谁承担?
天津M出口公司出售一批货给香港G公司,价格条件为CIF香
港,付款条件为D/P见票30天付款,M出口公司同意G公司 指定香港汇丰银行为代收行,M出口公司在合同规定的装船期 限内将货装船,取得清洁提单,随即出具汇票,连同提单和 商业发票等委托中行通过香港汇丰银行向G公司收取货款。五
天后,所装货物安全抵达香港,因当时该商品的行市看好,G
3、托收银行与代收银行之间的关系 托收银行和代收银行之间在一笔具体的托收业 务中以委托银行缮制的托收指示书为基础确立 的委托代理关系,此前经由相互间交换控制文 件,它们已建立了代理行关系。 4、代收银行与付款人之间的关系 代收银行与付款人之间并不存在契约关系。
• 现有一批托收货物降价,付款人向代收行提出, 经与委托人联系货价减少8800美元,托收金 额减到500 000美元,并提供了受益人同意 减额的传真,请问: • 代收行可否应付款人的请求或凭其提供的受益 人传真按部分付款条件交单?
公司凭信托收据向汇丰银行借取提单,提取货物并将部分货 物出售。不料,因到货过于集中,货物价格迅即下跌,G公司 以缺少保险单为由,在汇票到期拒绝付款。你认为M公司应如 何处理此事,并说明理由。
• M公司应通过中行要求香港汇丰银行付款。这 是因为,香港汇丰银行在未经委托授权的情况 下,自行允许G商凭信托收据先行提货,这种 不能收回货款的责任,应由代收行(汇丰银行) 负责。
• 银行一般有两种托收方式可供选择:
立即贷记:托收行在收到托收票据的一两个
工作日内,先行垫款 。一旦付款人拒付,托 收行行使追索权。此方式较适用于要素齐全、 付款人信誉优良的合格票据。
收妥贷记:托收行收到付款人付款后方贷
记 客户账户。此方式的特点是收款时间长、 费用较高,但款项为最终收妥,不存在被追索 的风险。
付款人
⑨ 付 款 交 单
托收行
(出口方银行)
⑩汇交收托的款项
代收行
(进口方银行)
货先到而付款期限未到,进口商因不能付款赎单,而 由此产生了由谁负责办理货物的提取、存仓、保险等 手续和相关费用的支付问题。
怎么解决?
提前付款赎单 电放提单telex release/ surrundered 凭海运单提货Sea-way Bill 凭信托收据借单(T/R)
CASE:托收银行的责任
国内某公司以D/P付款交单方式出口,并委 托国内甲银行将单据寄由第三国乙银行转给进 口国丙银行托收。后来得知 丙银行破产收不 到货款,该公司要求退回有关单据却毫无结果, 请问托收银行应付什么责任?
• 根据《托收统一规则》,在托收方式下,银行 只作为卖方的受托人行事,为实现委托的指示, 托收银行可选择委托人指定的银行或自行选择 或由别的银行选择的银行作为代收行;单据和 托收委托书可直接或间接通过别的银行寄给代 收行。 • 在本案例中,托收银行只要尽到“遵守信用, 谨慎从事”义务,对托收过程中所发生的各种 非自身所能控制的差错,包括代收行倒闭致使 委托人货款无法收回且单据也无法收回,不负 任何法律责任。
1.付款交单
• 代收行必须在进口商付清票款后才将货 运单据交给进口商的一种交单方式。
• (1)即期付款交单(D/P at sight)
• 出口商发货 开具即期汇票 即期汇票+商业单据,通过银行向进口商提示 进口商见票即付,取得商业单据。
委托人 (出口商) 开 立即 期汇票 交 付 货 款 交付货款
委托人
② 托 收 申 请 书 及 票 据
付款人
⑤ 付 款 或 承 兑
⑦ 入 账
④ 提 示
③托收指示及票据
托收人
⑥通过chips等电汇款
代收行
光票托收的利弊
优点: 托收手续简便 光票托收费用低廉:最低50元/笔,最高250元 /笔 弊端: 收汇速度慢:一般30-40天 收款的不确定性
• 二、跟单托收(Documentary Collection )
• 跟单托收是指附有商业单据的托收。卖方开具 托收汇票,连同商业单据(主要指货物装运单 据)一起委托给托收行。
形 式 ① 金融单据 + 全套商业单据 ② 仅全套商业单据
收款保证
• (一)跟单托收的交单方式 • 国际上通行的交单条件有两种,即:付款交单 和承兑交单。 • • Documents against Payment, 简称D/P Documents against Acceptance,简称 D/A
4.付款人(Payer或Drawee) • 付款人的责任与权利: (1)对合格单据付款赎单并承担相应的责任、 费用和风险; (2)对不合格单据有权拒付,并对委托人违约 有权追索
四、 托收的种类
光票托收
托收 债权人开立汇票的光票托收 跟单托收 金融票据附带商业单据的托收 金融票据不附带商业单据的托收 付款交单 Documents against Payment (D/P) 即期付款交单 D/P at sight 远期付款交单 D/P after sight 承兑交单 Documents against Acceptance (D/A)
3.代收行(Collecting Bank) • 接受托收行的委托代为提示汇票、收取货款的 银行就是代收行。 • 代收行的责任: (1)必须按照委托书行事; (2)有保管好单据的责任; (3)及时反馈托收情况; (4)谨慎处理货物。
1995年4月,香港某公司委托当地A银行通过 内地B银行向内地的付款人提示单据托收货款 USD205 020.00。12月付款人通知B银行已将 USD165 020.00直接汇给出票人,授权B银行将 剩余款项USD40 000.通过A银行付给出票人。B 银行在付款人付款后交单。 分析B银行的做法是否正确,为什么?
三、托收当事人之间的契约关系
委托人 (出口商)
债权债务关系
付款人 (进口商)
无契约关系
委托代理关系 委托代理关系
托收行
代收行
1、委托人与付款人之间的关系 (在贸易背景下)委托人与付款人之间的关 系也就是进口商和出口商经由合同确立的债权 债务关系。 2、委托人与托收行之间的关系 委托人与托收行以银行接受委托人的托收申 请书得以确立的委托代理关系。
债务人开立汇票的光票托收
跟单托收 Documentary Bill for Collection
一、光票托收(Clean collection) 1.概念
光票托收是指出口商仅开具汇票而不附商业单据 (主要指货运单据)的托收。 光票托收并不一定不附带任何单据,有时也 附有一些非货运单据,如发票、垫款清单等, 这种情况仍被视为光票托收。
2.托收行(Remitting Bank)
• 接受委托人的委托,负责办理托收业务的银行就是托 收行。由于托收行地处出口地国家,将转而委托进口 地银行代为办理此笔托收业务的汇票提示和货款收取 事宜,必须将单据寄往进口地代理银行,所以托收行 也称寄单行。 • 托收行责任: (1)审查托收申请书,核对单据(只核对单据的名称与 份数); (2)缮制托收委托书;
远期付款交单凭信托收据借单(D/P· T/R) 就是进口人承兑汇票后, 向银行提供的 一种书面信用担保文件,用来表示愿意以代 收行的委托人身份代为提货、报关、存仓、 保险或出售,并承认货物所有权仍属银行。 货物售出后所得的货款,应于汇票到期时交 银行。 这种书面信用担保文件就是信托收据。
代收行:有权随时收回货物 进口商:利用信托收据借单提货并出售后,须在汇票到期 日支付货款赎回信托收据,拥有货物所有权。
(2)远期付款交单(D/P after xx days sight)
代收行向
款人承兑
付款人 提示跟单汇票要求承兑
代收行保管全套商业单据 付款人付款
付
到期日
代收行提示付款 给付款人
代收行交单
远期付款交单程序
①合同 委托人
(出口方)
③ 托 收 申 请 书 及 跟 单 汇 票
②发货取得提单 ⑩交单提货 (进口方) ⑥ ⑧ 轮船 提 到 公司 示⑦期 ④ ⑾ 提 汇承示 回 付 票兑汇 执 款 要汇票 要 求票求 承 付 ⑤托收委托书及跟单汇票 兑 款
由出口商指示,风险由出口商承担 由代收行主动,风险由代收行承担
URC522第7A规定:“托收不应该含有远期付款
汇票而同时又指示商业单据需在付款后交给付款人”
国际商会ICC不赞成远期付款交单
有些国家或地区将远期付款交单视为承兑交单
2.承兑交单
银行的交单以进口商的承兑汇票为条件,进 口商承兑汇票后,代收行就将商业单据交给 进口商,等到汇票到期时,进口商再履行付 款义务。
• 托收业务中,银行是起到了中介的作用。对代 收行来说,只有直接从托收行收到指示,才能 表明是出口方的真实意思表示,今凭进口方的 一纸传真是不能证明的。
三、托收当事人责任
• 1.委托人(Principal)
• 指在托收业务中,签发汇票并委托银行代为收款的人。 由于委托人通常开具汇票委托他的银行向国外债务人 收款,所以通常也称为出票人(Drawer)。 • 委托人在贸易合同下的责任: –按时按质按量装运货物; –提供符合合同要求的单据。