初中英语词语运用解题技巧及练习.

词语运用

一、考点解读

词语运用题主要考查学生在特定语境中对词汇、表达法的灵活运用能力。试题的主要考查点是名词、数词、形容词、副词、动词及常用动词短语。

1、名词：名词单复数、名词所有格以及星期、月份等特殊名词的拼写；

2、形容词和副词：形容词与副词的选用及形式转化，形容词与副词的比较级等级；

3、数词：序数词变为基数词的规律；

4、动词：动词的过去式、过去分词、现在分词以及动词不定时、动词短语的拼写及用法。

二、解题方法及技巧

（一）阅读全句，理解句意

正确理解全句有助于准确判断所填的单词，若只看所填词的提示而忽略整个句意，往往填不上或填错单词

e.g. We can’t breathe f air because of polluted environment.

（二）认真分析所填词的词性

做题时结合语境、语法要求去判断所填词的正确词性

e.g.1.This morning I was two minutes late for train,but (luck),I didn’t miss it as the train was late,too.

2.What a (sun) day! Let’s go hiking.

3.She was one of the greatest Chinese (write) of the 20th century.

各种词性之间的相互转换表

（1）v.+er/or n.（人）：teach

visit

work

(2)adj.+ly adv. : careful luck

quick

(3)n.+ly adj. :friend month

(4)adj. n. ：important different

healthy dead

(5)v.+tion n. : invent pollute

(6)v.+ment n. : develop move

(7)adj.+ness n. : happy ill sad

(8)-less后缀，un-前缀都表示否定含义

careless ——（反） helpless——（反）

useless ——（反） unhappy——（反）

unusual——（反）

（三）要判断所填词的正确词性

（1）名词要注意复数和所有格

（2）形容词、副词要注意比较级和最高级的变化

（3）动词及词组要注意各种时态、语态及非谓语动词等各种形式

（4）数词注意分数和序数词的变化

e.g.1. In China, students have two (term) every year.

2. After exercising for a few months, she is a little (thin) than before.

3. Mr.Green lives on the (twelve) floor of the building.

4. When I (arrive), it was early in the morning and it was raining.

（四）注意固定搭配

e.g. I am (interest) in reading books.

词语运用解题口诀：

空前空后要注意，名词单复要牢记，还有’s不能弃；

动词注意要变形；形、副注意用三级；

要填数词请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”；

填入代词需谨慎，五格变化要谨记；

介词、连词最省力，看见照抄就可以。

（五）若是在短文中用所给词的正确形式填空，则要首先通读短文，了解大意，先易后难，逐一排除。填词时要利用上下文语境、空格在句子中的位置、充当的成分、语法规则等来判断所填词的正确形式。填完单词后，不可孤立地逐个检查，而必须将所有填入的词代入到文章中，复读全文，仔细检查所填词是否符合文章的情景内容，是否合乎语法，单词拼写是否有误，词性是否正确，发现问题要及时改正。

阅读下面的短文，根据所给首字母提示，用合适的单词填空。

Have you ever told a story about someone but forgotten their names? Don’t (61) w! In English, we have special names to replace (代替) their (62) r names, so your story doesn’t come to a sudden stop.

In the US, if a name has been forgotten, simply say the name John Doe for a man, (63) o Jane Doe for a woman. You can use these names for any (64) s where someone’s name is missing. For (65) e , “Did you see that guy who got wet in the rain?” “Ah yes, poor John Doe.”

But (66) w exactly is John Doe? The name is not real. It first appeared around the 14th century in the courts (法庭) of the UK. It was used to (67) p the identity (身份) of certain people in court. Today, it is not used in the UK. But John Doe and Jane Doe are names used in courts in the US. They are used when the identity of a (68) p is unknown, or must not be revealed (泄漏).

(69) H , in the UK, unknown people are called John Smith. This is because John has always been one of the most common first names in English. And Smith is the most common (70) f name.

So, remember the Doe family. And next time when you forget someone’s name, you know who to say.