东南大学研究生一年级学术英语教科书答案chapter9
研究生英语(一年级下)课后习题及答案2
Unit6The culture of New York City is shaped by centuries of immigration, the city's size and variety,and its status as the cultural capital of the United States. Because of its 1) _sheer_ size and cultural influence,New York has been the 2)subject_ of many different, and often3)_contradictory_ ,portrayals in the mass media. From the sophisticated and 4)_worldly_ metropolis seen in many Woody Allen films, to the hellish and 5)_chaotic_ urban jungle depicted in such movies as Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver,New York has served as the unwitting backdrop for every conceivable on big city life.In the early years of film NewYork City was characterized asurbane and 6)_sophisticated_. By the city's period in the1970s, however, films like Midnight Cowboy, The French Connection,Marathon Man, and Death Wish showed New York as full of chaos and 7)_violence_. With the city's ienaissance in the 1980s and 1990s came new portrayals on television; Friends, Seinfeld, and Sex andthe City showed life in the city to be 8)_glamorous_ and interesting. Nonetheless a disproportionate number of 9)_crime_ dramas,such as Law & Order, continue to make criminality in the city in their subject, even as New York has become the 10)__safest___ large city in the United States in the last two decades.Unit7Risk compensation is the idea that individuals tend to adjust their behavior in response to what they perceive as changes in the level of risk.Imagine,what would happen if safety regulations were to require all cars to be made of cardboard,fitted with inefficient brakes and with a sharp spike in the center of the steering column; if all roads were paved with a substance having the same friction coefficient as ice ,and if all drivers were obliged to change every other month or,better yet,if there were no rules about which side of the road to drive on.The evidence suggests that there would be no increase,and possibly a decrease,in road accident fatalities,but there would be a Substantial decrease in the efficiency of the road transport system.It seems that the potential safety benefit of most improvements to road or vehicles is considered as a performance benefit.As a result of safety improvements it is now possible to travel farther and faster with approximately the same risk of being killed.Unit8Intelligent Transport System(ITS) is the name given to the application of computer and communication technologies to transport problems.In a(n) rapidlychanging society the emphasis on road technologyimprovements to assist in road management has beenidentified.The rapid advances in ITS technologies haveenabled the collection of data or intelligence whichprovides relevant and timely information to roadmanagers and users.Japan seems to have initiated the whole modern daynotion of ITS with work carried out in the 1980s.TheUnited States was also addressing the application of ITSat an early stage in the course of the Electronic RouteGuidance project(ERGS) in the 1970s.The EuropeanUnion picked up the theme,and referred to it as RoadTransport Informatics.In the course of time the name ofthis technology was subjected to many changes until theUSA gave it the name ITS.Intelligent Transport systemsinclude wider application of technology to transitsystems as well as private cars andhighways.Benefits given by ITS to any transportationsystem that introduce it are:improved safety,improvedtraffic efficiency,reduced congestion,improvedenvironmental quality and energy efficiency andimproved economic productivity.Unit9Northern Canada, including the Northwest Territories,isan expensive place to live. Housing is at least 60% moreexpensive in the north than it is in southernCanada.Food prices are also higher, by at least20%.Since building materials and foodstuffs areimported from the south ,the higher prices areprimarily due to transportation costs. Communitiesfar away from Yellowknife have higher costs, andcommunities served only by aircraft have the highestfood and housing costs. For example, foodstuffs shippedby air to remote communities such as Sachs Harbouron Banks Island are 80% more expensive than they arein Yellow knife. To offset these high food and housingcosts, wages are higher than those in southernCanada .In addition, most people live in public or staffhousing, where rents are subsidized .Governmentemployees living in remote communities receive anisolated post allowance payment to help offset thehigher cost of living.unit10The moral imperative begins by considering thevalue of education which is much deeper thanearning potential or building human cation iswhat it takes to lead fuller lives and to contribute toour nation and the world.Higher education in particular affords students theopportunities to explore history, debate importantissues, and discover their passions and potential .Our founders understood how importanteducation is to the idea of America as a just, equitable,and productive society. A nation of educatedindividuals is more likely to strengthen theinstitutions: in government, in business and in theschools they rely upon.Consider graduation rates. Fifteen percent of ourhigh schools produce half of our dropouts, andthese schools are disproportionately in low-income areaswith mostly minority students. Nationally ,one ofevery two African American and Hispanic students dropsout of high school.If we are a nation dedicated to equality, wecannot be satisfied with the status quo. Helping morestudents make it to college and succeed there is amorally urgent challenge.Unit6The culture of New York City is shaped by centuries ofimmigration, the city's size and variety,and its status asthe cultural capital of the United States. Because of its 1)_sheer_ size and cultural influence,New York has beenthe 2)subject_ of many different, and often3)_contradictory_ ,portrayals in the mass media. Fromthe sophisticated and 4)_worldly_ metropolis seen inmany Woody Allen films, to the hellish and 5)_chaotic_urban jungle depicted in such movies as MartinScorsese's Taxi Driver,New York has served as theunwitting backdrop for every conceivable on big citylife.In the early years of film NewYork City wascharacterized asurbane and 6)_sophisticated_. By thecity's period in the1970s, however, films like Midnight Cowboy, TheFrench Connection,Marathon Man, and Death Wishshowed New York as full of chaos and 7)_violence_.With the city's ienaissance in the 1980s and 1990s camenew portrayals on television; Friends, Seinfeld, and Sexandthe City showed life in the city to be 8)_glamorous_and interesting. Nonetheless a disproportionate numberof 9)_crime_ dramas,such as Law & Order, continue tomake criminality in the city in their subject, even as NewYork has become the 10)__safest___ large city in theUnited States in the last two decades.Unit7Risk compensation is the idea that individuals tendto adjust their behavior in response to what they perceiveas changes in the level of risk.Imagine,what wouldhappen if safety regulations were to require all cars to bemade of cardboard,fitted with inefficient brakes andwith a sharp spike in the center of the steering column; ifall roads were paved with a substance having thesame friction coefficient as ice ,and if all drivers wereobliged to change every other month or,better yet,ifthere were no rules about which side of the road to driveon.The evidence suggests that there would be noincrease,and possibly a decrease,in road accidentfatalities,but there would be a Substantial decrease inthe efficiency of the road transport system.It seems thatthe potential safety benefit of most improvements toroad or vehicles is considered as a performancebenefit.As a result of safety improvements it is nowpossible to travel farther and faster with approximatelythe same risk of being killed.Unit8Intelligent Transport System(ITS) is the name givento the application of computer and communicationtechnologies to transport problems.In a(n) rapidlychanging society the emphasis on road technologyimprovements to assist in road management has beenidentified.The rapid advances in ITS technologies haveenabled the collection of data or intelligence whichprovides relevant and timely information to roadmanagers and users.Japan seems to have initiated the whole modern daynotion of ITS with work carried out in the 1980s.TheUnited States was also addressing the application of ITSat an early stage in the course of the Electronic RouteGuidance project(ERGS) in the 1970s.The EuropeanUnion picked up the theme,and referred to it as RoadTransport Informatics.In the course of time the name ofthis technology was subjected to many changes until theUSA gave it the name ITS.Intelligent Transport systemsinclude wider application of technology to transitsystems as well as private cars andhighways.Benefits given by ITS to any transportationsystem that introduce it are:improved safety,improvedtraffic efficiency,reduced congestion,improvedenvironmental quality and energy efficiency andimproved economic productivity.Unit9Northern Canada, including the Northwest Territories,isan expensive place to live. Housing is at least 60% more expensive in the north than it is in southern Canada.Food prices are also higher, by at least20%.Since building materials and foodstuffs are imported from the south ,the higher prices are primarily due to transportation costs. Communities far away from Yellowknife have higher costs, and communities served only by aircraft have the highest food and housing costs. For example, foodstuffs shipped by air to remote communities such as Sachs Harbour on Banks Island are 80% more expensive than they are in Yellow knife. To offset these high food and housing costs, wages are higher than those in southern Canada .In addition, most people live in public or staff housing, where rents are subsidized .Government employees living in remote communities receive an isolated post allowance payment to help offset the higher cost of living.unit10The moral imperative begins by considering the value of education which is much deeper than earning potential or building human cation is what it takes to lead fuller lives and to contribute to our nation and the world.Higher education in particular affords students the opportunities to explore history, debate important issues, and discover their passions and potential .Our founders understood how important education is to the idea of America as a just, equitable, and productive society. A nation of educated individuals is more likely to strengthen the institutions: in government, in business and in the schools they rely upon.Consider graduation rates. Fifteen percent of our high schools produce half of our dropouts, and these schools are disproportionately in low-income areas with mostly minority students. Nationally ,one of every two African American and Hispanic students drops out of high school.If we are a nation dedicated to equality, we cannot be satisfied with the status quo. Helping more students make it to college and succeed there is a morally urgent challenge. Unit6The culture of New York City is shaped by centuries ofimmigration, the city's size and variety,and its status asthe cultural capital of the United States. Because of its 1)_sheer_ size and cultural influence,New York has beenthe 2)subject_ of many different, and often3)_contradictory_ ,portrayals in the mass media. Fromthe sophisticated and 4)_worldly_ metropolis seen inmany Woody Allen films, to the hellish and 5)_chaotic_urban jungle depicted in such movies as MartinScorsese's Taxi Driver,New York has served as theunwitting backdrop for every conceivable on big citylife.In the early years of film NewYork City wascharacterized asurbane and 6)_sophisticated_. By thecity's period in the1970s, however, films like Midnight Cowboy, TheFrench Connection,Marathon Man, and Death Wishshowed New York as full of chaos and 7)_violence_.With the city's ienaissance in the 1980s and 1990s camenew portrayals on television; Friends, Seinfeld, and Sexandthe City showed life in the city to be 8)_glamorous_and interesting. Nonetheless a disproportionate numberof 9)_crime_ dramas,such as Law & Order, continue tomake criminality in the city in their subject, even as NewYork has become the 10)__safest___ large city in theUnited States in the last two decades.Unit7Risk compensation is the idea that individuals tendto adjust their behavior in response to what they perceiveas changes in the level of risk.Imagine,what wouldhappen if safety regulations were to require all cars to bemade of cardboard,fitted with inefficient brakes andwith a sharp spike in the center of the steering column; ifall roads were paved with a substance having thesame friction coefficient as ice ,and if all drivers wereobliged to change every other month or,better yet,ifthere were no rules about which side of the road to driveon.The evidence suggests that there would be noincrease,and possibly a decrease,in road accidentfatalities,but there would be a Substantial decrease inthe efficiency of the road transport system.It seems thatthe potential safety benefit of most improvements toroad or vehicles is considered as a performancebenefit.As a result of safety improvements it is nowpossible to travel farther and faster with approximatelythe same risk of being killed.Unit8Intelligent Transport System(ITS) is the name givento the application of computer and communicationtechnologies to transport problems.In a(n) rapidlychanging society the emphasis on road technologyimprovements to assist in road management has beenidentified.The rapid advances in ITS technologies haveenabled the collection of data or intelligence whichprovides relevant and timely information to roadmanagers and users.Japan seems to have initiated the whole modern daynotion of ITS with work carried out in the 1980s.TheUnited States was also addressing the application of ITSat an early stage in the course of the Electronic RouteGuidance project(ERGS) in the 1970s.The EuropeanUnion picked up the theme,and referred to it as RoadTransport Informatics.In the course of time the name ofthis technology was subjected to many changes until theUSA gave it the name ITS.Intelligent Transport systemsinclude wider application of technology to transitsystems as well as private cars andhighways.Benefits given by ITS to any transportationsystem that introduce it are:improved safety,improvedtraffic efficiency,reduced congestion,improvedenvironmental quality and energy efficiency andimproved economic productivity.Unit9Northern Canada, including the Northwest Territories,isan expensive place to live. Housing is at least 60% moreexpensive in the north than it is in southernCanada.Food prices are also higher, by at least20%.Since building materials and foodstuffs areimported from the south ,the higher prices areprimarily due to transportation costs. Communitiesfar away from Yellowknife have higher costs, andcommunities served only by aircraft have the highestfood and housing costs. For example, foodstuffs shippedby air to remote communities such as Sachs Harbouron Banks Island are 80% more expensive than they arein Yellow knife. To offset these high food and housingcosts, wages are higher than those in southernCanada .In addition, most people live in public or staffhousing, where rents are subsidized .Governmentemployees living in remote communities receive anisolated post allowance payment to help offset thehigher cost of living.unit10The moral imperative begins by considering thevalue of education which is much deeper thanearning potential or building human cation iswhat it takes to lead fuller lives and to contribute toour nation and the world.Higher education in particular affords students theopportunities to explore history, debate importantissues, and discover their passions and potential .Our founders understood how importanteducation is to the idea of America as a just, equitable,and productive society. A nation of educatedindividuals is more likely to strengthen theinstitutions: in government, in business and in theschools they rely upon.Consider graduation rates. Fifteen percent of ourhigh schools produce half of our dropouts, andthese schools are disproportionately in low-income areaswith mostly minority students. Nationally ,one ofevery two African American and Hispanic students dropsout of high school.If we are a nation dedicated to equality, wecannot be satisfied with the status quo. Helping morestudents make it to college and succeed there is amorally urgent challenge.Unit6The culture of New York City is shaped by centuries ofimmigration, the city's size and variety,and its status asthe cultural capital of the United States. Because of its 1)_sheer_ size and cultural influence,New York has beenthe 2)subject_ of many different, and often3)_contradictory_ ,portrayals in the mass media. Fromthe sophisticated and 4)_worldly_ metropolis seen inmany Woody Allen films, to the hellish and 5)_chaotic_urban jungle depicted in such movies as MartinScorsese's Taxi Driver,New York has served as theunwitting backdrop for every conceivable on big citylife.In the early years of film NewYork City wascharacterized asurbane and 6)_sophisticated_. By thecity's period in the1970s, however, films like Midnight Cowboy, TheFrench Connection,Marathon Man, and Death Wishshowed New York as full of chaos and 7)_violence_.With the city's ienaissance in the 1980s and 1990s camenew portrayals on television; Friends, Seinfeld, and Sexandthe City showed life in the city to be 8)_glamorous_and interesting. Nonetheless a disproportionate numberof 9)_crime_ dramas,such as Law & Order, continue tomake criminality in the city in their subject, even as New York has become the 10)__safest___ large city in the United States in the last two decades.Unit7Risk compensation is the idea that individuals tend to adjust their behavior in response to what they perceive as changes in the level of risk.Imagine,what would happen if safety regulations were to require all cars to be made of cardboard,fitted with inefficient brakes and with a sharp spike in the center of the steering column; if all roads were paved with a substance having the same friction coefficient as ice ,and if all drivers were obliged to change every other month or,better yet,if there were no rules about which side of the road to drive on.The evidence suggests that there would be no increase,and possibly a decrease,in road accident fatalities,but there would be a Substantial decrease in the efficiency of the road transport system.It seems that the potential safety benefit of most improvements to road or vehicles is considered as a performance benefit.As a result of safety improvements it is now possible to travel farther and faster with approximately the same risk of being killed.Unit8Intelligent Transport System(ITS) is the name given to the application of computer and communication technologies to transport problems.In a(n) rapidly changing society the emphasis on road technology improvements to assist in road management has been identified.The rapid advances in ITS technologies have enabled the collection of data or intelligence which provides relevant and timely information to road managers and users.Japan seems to have initiated the whole modern day notion of ITS with work carried out in the 1980s.The United States was also addressing the application of ITS at an early stage in the course of the Electronic Route Guidance project(ERGS) in the 1970s.The European Union picked up the theme,and referred to it as Road Transport Informatics.In the course of time the name of this technology was subjected to many changes until the USA gave it the name ITS.Intelligent Transport systems include wider application of technology to transit systems as well as private cars andhighways.Benefits given by ITS to any transportation system that introduce it are:improved safety,improved traffic efficiency,reduced congestion,improved environmental quality and energy efficiency and improved economic productivity. Unit9Northern Canada, including the Northwest Territories,is an expensive place to live. Housing is at least 60% more expensive in the north than it is in southern Canada.Food prices are also higher, by at least20%.Since building materials and foodstuffs are imported from the south ,the higher prices are primarily due to transportation costs. Communities far away from Yellowknife have higher costs, and communities served only by aircraft have the highest food and housing costs. For example, foodstuffs shipped by air to remote communities such as Sachs Harbour on Banks Island are 80% more expensive than they are in Yellow knife. To offset these high food and housing costs, wages are higher than those in southern Canada .In addition, most people live in public or staff housing, where rents are subsidized .Government employees living in remote communities receive an isolated post allowance payment to help offset the higher cost of living.unit10The moral imperative begins by considering the value of education which is much deeper than earning potential or building human cation is what it takes to lead fuller lives and to contribute to our nation and the world.Higher education in particular affords students the opportunities to explore history, debate important issues, and discover their passions and potential .Our founders understood how important education is to the idea of America as a just, equitable, and productive society. A nation of educated individuals is more likely to strengthen the institutions: in government, in business and in the schools they rely upon.Consider graduation rates. Fifteen percent of our high schools produce half of our dropouts, and these schools are disproportionately in low-income areas with mostly minority students. Nationally ,one of every two African American and Hispanic students drops out of high school.If we are a nation dedicated to equality, we cannot be satisfied with the status quo. Helping more students make it to college and succeed there is a morally urgent challenge.。
学术综合英语参考答案9
学术综合英语参考答案9一、词汇题1. The word "innovative" is closest in meaning to "creative."2. "Conversely" is used to indicate the opposite of what has just been mentioned.3. "Eradicate" means to completely eliminate something.4. "Catalyst" refers to something that causes a change or action.5. "Intrinsic" is synonymous with "inherent."6. "Substantiate" means to provide evidence or proof for something.7. "Mitigate" is to make something less severe or intense.8. "Pioneer" is a person who is among the first to explore or develop a new field of study or activity.9. "Resilient" describes something that can recover quickly from difficulties.10. "Ephemeral" means lasting for a very short time.二、阅读理解A. 阅读理解选择题1. B) The main purpose of the article is to discuss the importance of innovation in education.2. C) According to the article, traditional teaching methods may not be sufficient to prepare students for the future.3. A) The author suggests that incorporating technology inthe classroom can enhance learning experiences.4. D) The article implies that students need to develop critical thinking skills to succeed in the modern world.5. E) The author argues that educators should be open to new ideas and methods to improve teaching effectiveness.B. 阅读理解简答题1. The article highlights the need for a shift in educational paradigms to better prepare students for the challenges of the 21st century.2. The author believes that technology can play a significant role in making learning more interactive and engaging.3. The article suggests that fostering creativity and problem-solving skills is crucial for students to thrive in a rapidly changing world.4. The author emphasizes the importance of lifelong learning and adaptability in the face of new technologies and job market demands.5. The article concludes that educators must embrace innovation and continuous professional development to stay relevant in their field.三、完形填空1. A) Despite2. B) opportunities3. C) Consequently4. D) innovative5. E) challenge6. F) significantly7. G) However8. H) crucial9. I) approach10. J) ultimately四、翻译1. 原文：随着科技的快速发展，我们的生活方式正在发生翻天覆地的变化。
研究生英语课件以及课后详细答案第九单元
The Equality of Languages By David Crystal
Questions
1. Do you think languages are equal? What’s the author’s point of view? Do you agree? 2. As we all know the human race has evolved from primitive to civilized states, have languages gone through the same kind of evolution? 3. What do you think of the “natural superiority” of certain languages?
Text
It comes near to stating the obvious that all languages have developed to express the needs of their users, and that in a sense all languages are equal. But this tenet of modern linguistics has often been denied, and still needs to be defended. Part of the problem is that the word ‘equal’ needs to be used very carefully. We do not know how to quantify language, so as to be able to say whether all languages have the same ‘amounts’ of grammar, phonology, or semantic structure. There may indeed be important differences in the structural complexity of language, and this possibility needs to be investigated. But all languages are arguably equal in the sense that there is nothing intrinsically limiting, demeaning, or handicapping about any of them. All languages meet the social and psychological needs of their speakers, are equally deserving of scientific study, and can provide us with valuable information about human nature and society.
学术综合英语unit1-5课后习题答案
Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adaptedSustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutterB bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdoteCredentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtapositionTask 3 TranslationB.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。
通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。
通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。
在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。
发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。
在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。
C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture.2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolsterone’s point of view.3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice.4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience.5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing.6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech.7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible.8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly.9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary.10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful.D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be explicit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.Task 2 V ocabulary Developmentdevastating posed massive contribute to triple menace liability consensus entails plausibleplausible portend pin down aggravating staggeringon a par with emergence resurgence detract from inadequacyTask 3 TranslationB．能源和人类利益有着双重关系。
学术英语社科类unit9原文及翻译
Cultural Globalization1.Much of the early development of different languages, customs, and other diverse aspects world cultures resulted from the isolation of groups of people from one another. It is not surprising , then, that a degree of cultural amalgamation has occurred as improved transportation and communication have brought people of various societies into ever more frequent contact . Analyzing the blurring of cultural differences inevitably includes a great deal about fast food, basketball, rock music, and other such aspects of pop culture, but such analysis does not trivialize the subject,. Instead , a long standing bottom up line of political theory argues that the world`s people can build on commonplace interactions and increasing cultural commonalities that engender familiarity with and confidence in one another to create a global civil society that might evolve into a global nation. By the same process, if transnational civil societies develop, then regional and even global schemes of governance could conceivably form and supplement or supplant the territorial state. Scholars who examine the bottom-up process of transnational integration look for evidence in such factors as the flow of communications and commerce between countries and the spread across borders of what people wear, eat, and do for recreation.1、不同语言、风俗习惯以及其他不同的文化背景下，世界文化的早期发展，是从彼此分离的人群中产生的。
研究生英语(一年级下)课后习题及答案2
Unit6The culture of New York City is shaped by centuries of immigration, the city's size and variety,and its status as the cultural capital of the United States. Because of its 1) _sheer_ size and cultural influence,New York has been the 2)subject_ of many different, and often3)_contradictory_ ,portrayals in the mass media. From the sophisticated and 4)_worldly_ metropolis seen in many Woody Allen films, to the hellish and 5)_chaotic_Scorsese's Taxi Driver,New York has served as the unwitting backdrop for every conceivable on big city life.In the early years of film NewYork City was characterized asurbane and 6)_sophisticated_. By the city's period in the1970s, however, films like Midnight Cowboy, The French Connection,Marathon Man, and Death Wish showed New York as full of chaos and 7)_violence_. With the city's ienaissance in the 1980s and 1990s came new portrayals on television; Friends, Seinfeld, and Sex andthe City showed life in the city to be 8)_glamorous_ and interesting. Nonetheless a disproportionate number of 9)_crime_ dramas,such as Law & Order, continue to make criminality in the city in their subject, even as New York has become the 10)__safest___ large city in theUnit7Risk compensation is the idea that individuals tend to adjust their behavior in response to what they perceive as changes in the level of risk.Imagine,what would happen if safety regulations were to require all cars to be made of cardboard,fitted with inefficient brakes and with a sharp spike in the center of the steering column; if all roads were paved with a substance having the same friction coefficient as ice ,and if all drivers were obliged to change every other month or,better yet,if there were no rules about which side of the road to drive on.The evidence suggests that there would be nofatalities,but there would be a Substantial decrease in the efficiency of the road transport system.It seems that the potential safety benefit of most improvements to road or vehicles is considered as a performance benefit.As a result of safety improvements it is now possible to travel farther and faster with approximately the same risk of being killed.Unit8Intelligent Transport System(ITS) is the name given to the application of computer and communication technologies to transport problems.In a(n) rapidly changing society the emphasis on road technology improvements to assist in road management has beenenabled the collection of data or intelligence whichmanagers and users.Japan seems to have initiated the whole modern day notion of ITS with work carried out in the 1980s.The United States was also addressing the application of ITS at an early stage in the course of the Electronic Route Guidance project(ERGS) in the 1970s.The European Union picked up the theme,and referred to it as Road Transport Informatics.In the course of time the name of this technology was subjected to many changes until the USA gave it the name ITS.Intelligent Transport systems include wider application of technology to transit systems as well as private cars andhighways.Benefits given by ITS to any transportation system that introduce it are:improved safety,improved traffic efficiency,reduced congestion,improved improved economic productivity.Unit9Northern Canada, including the Northwest Territories,is an expensive place to live. Housing is at least 60% more expensive in the north than it is in southern Canada.Food prices are also higher, by at least20%.Since building materials and foodstuffs are imported from the south ,the higher prices are primarily due to transportation costs. Communities far away from Yellowknife have higher costs, andfood and housing costs. For example, foodstuffs shipped by air to remote communities such as Sachs Harbour in Yellow knife. To offset these high food and housing costs, wages are higher than those in southern Canada .In addition, most people live in public or staff housing, where rents are subsidized .Governmentisolated post allowance payment to help offset the higher cost of living.unit10The moral imperative begins by considering the value of education which is much deeper than earning potential or building human cation is what it takes to lead fuller lives and to contribute to our nation and the world.Higher education in particular affords students the opportunities to explore history, debate important issues, and discover their passions and potential .Our founders understood how importantand productive society. A nation of educated individuals is more likely to strengthen the schools they rely upon.Consider graduation rates. Fifteen percent of our high schools produce half of our dropouts, and these schools are disproportionately in low-income areas with mostly minority students. Nationally ,one of every two African American and Hispanic students drops out of high school.If we are a nation dedicated to equality, we cannot be satisfied with the status quo. Helping more students make it to college and succeed there is a morally urgent challenge. Unit6The culture of New York City is shaped by centuries ofimmigration, the city's size and variety,and its status asthe cultural capital of the United States. Because of its 1)_sheer_ size and cultural influence,New York has beenthe 2)subject_ of many different, and often3)_contradictory_ ,portrayals in the mass media. Fromthe sophisticated and 4)_worldly_ metropolis seen inmany Woody Allen films, to the hellish and 5)_chaotic_Scorsese's Taxi Driver,New York has served as theunwitting backdrop for every conceivable on big citylife.In the early years of film NewYork City wascharacterized asurbane and 6)_sophisticated_. By thecity's period in the1970s, however, films like Midnight Cowboy, TheFrench Connection,Marathon Man, and Death Wishshowed New York as full of chaos and 7)_violence_.With the city's ienaissance in the 1980s and 1990s camenew portrayals on television; Friends, Seinfeld, and Sexandthe City showed life in the city to be 8)_glamorous_and interesting. Nonetheless a disproportionate numberof 9)_crime_ dramas,such as Law & Order, continue tomake criminality in the city in their subject, even as NewYork has become the 10)__safest___ large city in theUnit7Risk compensation is the idea that individuals tendto adjust their behavior in response to what they perceiveas changes in the level of risk.Imagine,what wouldhappen if safety regulations were to require all cars to bemade of cardboard,fitted with inefficient brakes andwith a sharp spike in the center of the steering column; ifall roads were paved with a substance having thesame friction coefficient as ice ,and if all drivers wereobliged to change every other month or,better yet,ifthere were no rules about which side of the road to driveon.The evidence suggests that there would be nofatalities,but there would be a Substantial decrease inthe efficiency of the road transport system.It seems thatthe potential safety benefit of most improvements toroad or vehicles is considered as a performancebenefit.As a result of safety improvements it is nowpossible to travel farther and faster with approximatelythe same risk of being killed.Unit8Intelligent Transport System(ITS) is the name givento the application of computer and communicationtechnologies to transport problems.In a(n) rapidlychanging society the emphasis on road technologyimprovements to assist in road management has beenenabled the collection of data or intelligence whichmanagers and users.Japan seems to have initiated the whole modern daynotion of ITS with work carried out in the 1980s.TheUnited States was also addressing the application of ITSat an early stage in the course of the Electronic RouteGuidance project(ERGS) in the 1970s.The EuropeanUnion picked up the theme,and referred to it as RoadTransport Informatics.In the course of time the name ofthis technology was subjected to many changes until theUSA gave it the name ITS.Intelligent Transport systemsinclude wider application of technology to transitsystems as well as private cars andhighways.Benefits given by ITS to any transportationsystem that introduce it are:improved safety,improvedtraffic efficiency,reduced congestion,improvedimproved economic productivity.Unit9Northern Canada, including the Northwest Territories,isan expensive place to live. Housing is at least 60% moreexpensive in the north than it is in southernCanada.Food prices are also higher, by at least20%.Since building materials and foodstuffs areimported from the south ,the higher prices areprimarily due to transportation costs. Communitiesfar away from Yellowknife have higher costs, andfood and housing costs. For example, foodstuffs shippedby air to remote communities such as Sachs Harbourin Yellow knife. To offset these high food and housingcosts, wages are higher than those in southernCanada .In addition, most people live in public or staffhousing, where rents are subsidized .Governmentisolated post allowance payment to help offset thehigher cost of living.unit10The moral imperative begins by considering thevalue of education which is much deeper thanearning potential or building human cation iswhat it takes to lead fuller lives and to contribute toour nation and the world.Higher education in particular affords students theopportunities to explore history, debate importantissues, and discover their passions and potential .Our founders understood how importantand productive society. A nation of educatedindividuals is more likely to strengthen theschools they rely upon.Consider graduation rates. Fifteen percent of ourhigh schools produce half of our dropouts, andthese schools are disproportionately in low-income areaswith mostly minority students. Nationally ,one ofevery two African American and Hispanic students dropsout of high school.If we are a nation dedicated to equality, wecannot be satisfied with the status quo. Helping morestudents make it to college and succeed there is amorally urgent challenge.Unit6The culture of New York City is shaped by centuries ofimmigration, the city's size and variety,and its status asthe cultural capital of the United States. Because of its 1)_sheer_ size and cultural influence,New York has beenthe 2)subject_ of many different, and often3)_contradictory_ ,portrayals in the mass media. Fromthe sophisticated and 4)_worldly_ metropolis seen inmany Woody Allen films, to the hellish and 5)_chaotic_Scorsese's Taxi Driver,New York has served as theunwitting backdrop for every conceivable on big citylife.In the early years of film NewYork City wascharacterized asurbane and 6)_sophisticated_. By thecity's period in the1970s, however, films like Midnight Cowboy, TheFrench Connection,Marathon Man, and Death Wishshowed New York as full of chaos and 7)_violence_.With the city's ienaissance in the 1980s and 1990s camenew portrayals on television; Friends, Seinfeld, and Sexandthe City showed life in the city to be 8)_glamorous_and interesting. Nonetheless a disproportionate numberof 9)_crime_ dramas,such as Law & Order, continue tomake criminality in the city in their subject, even as NewYork has become the 10)__safest___ large city in theUnit7Risk compensation is the idea that individuals tendto adjust their behavior in response to what they perceiveas changes in the level of risk.Imagine,what wouldhappen if safety regulations were to require all cars to bemade of cardboard,fitted with inefficient brakes andwith a sharp spike in the center of the steering column; ifall roads were paved with a substance having thesame friction coefficient as ice ,and if all drivers wereobliged to change every other month or,better yet,ifthere were no rules about which side of the road to driveon.The evidence suggests that there would be nofatalities,but there would be a Substantial decrease inthe efficiency of the road transport system.It seems thatthe potential safety benefit of most improvements toroad or vehicles is considered as a performancebenefit.As a result of safety improvements it is nowpossible to travel farther and faster with approximatelythe same risk of being killed.Unit8Intelligent Transport System(ITS) is the name givento the application of computer and communicationtechnologies to transport problems.In a(n) rapidlychanging society the emphasis on road technologyimprovements to assist in road management has beenenabled the collection of data or intelligence whichmanagers and users.Japan seems to have initiated the whole modern daynotion of ITS with work carried out in the 1980s.TheUnited States was also addressing the application of ITSat an early stage in the course of the Electronic RouteGuidance project(ERGS) in the 1970s.The EuropeanUnion picked up the theme,and referred to it as RoadTransport Informatics.In the course of time the name ofthis technology was subjected to many changes until theUSA gave it the name ITS.Intelligent Transport systemsinclude wider application of technology to transitsystems as well as private cars andhighways.Benefits given by ITS to any transportationsystem that introduce it are:improved safety,improvedtraffic efficiency,reduced congestion,improvedimproved economic productivity.Unit9Northern Canada, including the Northwest Territories,isan expensive place to live. Housing is at least 60% moreexpensive in the north than it is in southernCanada.Food prices are also higher, by at least20%.Since building materials and foodstuffs areimported from the south ,the higher prices areprimarily due to transportation costs. Communitiesfar away from Yellowknife have higher costs, andfood and housing costs. For example, foodstuffs shippedby air to remote communities such as Sachs Harbourin Yellow knife. To offset these high food and housingcosts, wages are higher than those in southernCanada .In addition, most people live in public or staffhousing, where rents are subsidized .Governmentisolated post allowance payment to help offset thehigher cost of living.unit10The moral imperative begins by considering thevalue of education which is much deeper thanearning potential or building human cation iswhat it takes to lead fuller lives and to contribute toour nation and the world.Higher education in particular affords students theopportunities to explore history, debate importantissues, and discover their passions and potential .Our founders understood how importantand productive society. A nation of educatedindividuals is more likely to strengthen theschools they rely upon.Consider graduation rates. Fifteen percent of ourhigh schools produce half of our dropouts, andthese schools are disproportionately in low-income areaswith mostly minority students. Nationally ,one ofevery two African American and Hispanic students dropsout of high school.If we are a nation dedicated to equality, wecannot be satisfied with the status quo. Helping morestudents make it to college and succeed there is amorally urgent challenge.Unit6The culture of New York City is shaped by centuries ofimmigration, the city's size and variety,and its status asthe cultural capital of the United States. Because of its 1)_sheer_ size and cultural influence,New York has beenthe 2)subject_ of many different, and often3)_contradictory_ ,portrayals in the mass media. Fromthe sophisticated and 4)_worldly_ metropolis seen inmany Woody Allen films, to the hellish and 5)_chaotic_Scorsese's Taxi Driver,New York has served as theunwitting backdrop for every conceivable on big citylife.In the early years of film NewYork City wascharacterized asurbane and 6)_sophisticated_. By thecity's period in the1970s, however, films like Midnight Cowboy, TheFrench Connection,Marathon Man, and Death Wishshowed New York as full of chaos and 7)_violence_.With the city's ienaissance in the 1980s and 1990s camenew portrayals on television; Friends, Seinfeld, and Sexandthe City showed life in the city to be 8)_glamorous_and interesting. Nonetheless a disproportionate numberof 9)_crime_ dramas,such as Law & Order, continue tomake criminality in the city in their subject, even as NewYork has become the 10)__safest___ large city in theUnit7Risk compensation is the idea that individuals tendto adjust their behavior in response to what they perceiveas changes in the level of risk.Imagine,what wouldhappen if safety regulations were to require all cars to bemade of cardboard,fitted with inefficient brakes andwith a sharp spike in the center of the steering column; ifall roads were paved with a substance having thesame friction coefficient as ice ,and if all drivers wereobliged to change every other month or,better yet,ifthere were no rules about which side of the road to driveon.The evidence suggests that there would be nofatalities,but there would be a Substantial decrease inthe efficiency of the road transport system.It seems thatthe potential safety benefit of most improvements toroad or vehicles is considered as a performancebenefit.As a result of safety improvements it is nowpossible to travel farther and faster with approximatelythe same risk of being killed.Unit8Intelligent Transport System(ITS) is the name givento the application of computer and communicationtechnologies to transport problems.In a(n) rapidlychanging society the emphasis on road technologyimprovements to assist in road management has beenenabled the collection of data or intelligence whichmanagers and users.Japan seems to have initiated the whole modern daynotion of ITS with work carried out in the 1980s.TheUnited States was also addressing the application of ITSat an early stage in the course of the Electronic RouteGuidance project(ERGS) in the 1970s.The EuropeanUnion picked up the theme,and referred to it as RoadTransport Informatics.In the course of time the name ofthis technology was subjected to many changes until theUSA gave it the name ITS.Intelligent Transport systemsinclude wider application of technology to transitsystems as well as private cars andhighways.Benefits given by ITS to any transportationsystem that introduce it are:improved safety,improvedtraffic efficiency,reduced congestion,improvedimproved economic productivity.Unit9Northern Canada, including the Northwest Territories,isan expensive place to live. Housing is at least 60% moreexpensive in the north than it is in southernCanada.Food prices are also higher, by at least20%.Since building materials and foodstuffs areimported from the south ,the higher prices areprimarily due to transportation costs. Communitiesfar away from Yellowknife have higher costs, andfood and housing costs. For example, foodstuffs shippedby air to remote communities such as Sachs Harbourin Yellow knife. To offset these high food and housingcosts, wages are higher than those in southernCanada .In addition, most people live in public or staffhousing, where rents are subsidized .Governmentisolated post allowance payment to help offset thehigher cost of living.unit10The moral imperative begins by considering thevalue of education which is much deeper thanearning potential or building human cation iswhat it takes to lead fuller lives and to contribute toour nation and the world.Higher education in particular affords students theopportunities to explore history, debate importantissues, and discover their passions and potential .Our founders understood how importantand productive society. A nation of educatedindividuals is more likely to strengthen theschools they rely upon.Consider graduation rates. Fifteen percent of ourhigh schools produce half of our dropouts, andthese schools are disproportionately in low-income areaswith mostly minority students. Nationally ,one ofevery two African American and Hispanic students dropsout of high school.If we are a nation dedicated to equality, wecannot be satisfied with the status quo. Helping morestudents make it to college and succeed there is amorally urgent challenge.。
专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit9词汇及课后答案
专业学位硕⼠研究⽣英语教程Unit9词汇及课后答案Unit NineParentingWord Bank(academy->Police Academy) academic: adj. of a school, especially of higher learning; of scholarly (scholarship奖学⾦，助学⾦) performance学校的，学院的，学术的affirm: v. to assert; confirm断⾔，证实，承认(aggress->aggressor =invader) aggression (aggressive): n. the act of initiating (hostile->) hostilities or invasion侵犯，侵略，挑衅(anthropology->) anthropologist: n. the scholar who studies the origin, the behavior, and the physical, social, and cultural development of human beings⼈类学家complement: v. to make sth. Complete补充，补⾜complementary: adj. completing; supplying mutual needs补充的，补⾜的consequence: n. effect; the result to its cause结果，因果关系的deprive (sb. of sth.): v. to take sth. away from拿⾛，抢夺directive: adj. straightforward; serving to direct (->director导演)直接的，指导的(obey->obedient->obedience<->disobey->disobedient) disobedience: n. refusal or failure to obey不服从，不顺从，违抗distinct: different; clear不同的，明显的(diverse->) diversity: n. (vary->) variety or multiformity 变化，多样性enforce(->reinforce): to compel obedience to强制服从或遵守(exploit->) exploitation: n. the act of employing to the greatest possible advantage 开发，开采，剥削(expose to->) exposure: n. the act of exposing; influence暴露，受影响facilitate (=help->facility设备设施): v. to make easy or easier使容易，使便利groom: v. to care for the appearance of; to make neat （tidy）and trim(vt./adj.)使整洁，打扮hygiene: n. (=sanity) the promotion and preservation of health 卫⽣interaction: n. the act or process of interacting相互作⽤(intimate->) intimacy: n. the condition of being close in relation亲密(muscle肌⾁->masculine男性的->) masculinity: n. the quality and characteristic of a male男⼦⽓，阳刚⽓modify: v. to change; to alter变更，修改monster: n. an imaginary or legendary creature怪物nurture: v. to nourish, to feed; to educate, to train给…营养，喂养，培养(object->objective<->subjective) objectivity: n. the state of being objective 客观，客观性(orient东⽅的) oriented: adj. directed导向性的predatory: adj. living by preying on other organisms掠夺的，⾁⾷的(relate A to B->relation->) relational: adj. of kinship亲属关系的roughhouse: v. to engage in rowdy behavior or play打闹，殴⽃sheer: adj. complete; absolute; pure 绝对的，完全的，纯粹的sternly: adv. harshly; severely严厉地，严格地(sym-=same; pathy=feeling)sympathy(sympathize with sb.): n. sharing thefeelings of another同情，同情⼼tickle: v. to touch (the body) lightly so as to cause laughter (笑声) or twitching movements; to tease or excite pleasurably使觉得痒，逗乐(timid=shy->) timidity (timidate=frighten): n. lack of confidence; fear 胆怯，羞怯: adv. orally; literally⼝头上地，⾔辞地wrestle: v. to contend by grappling and, attempting to throw摔跤Phrases and Expressionscope with: =deal with; to handle处理；应对due to: owing to由于have access (通道) to: to have the right to approach, or to make use of接近权；享⽤权in terms (术语, 学期) of: in relation to; with reference to根据；按照；就……⽽⾔settle (->settlement) down: to begin living a stable and orderly life; to become less nervous or restless安顿下来；平静Reading ComprehensionI. Choose the best for each of the following.1. How can fathers and mothers provide good things to children that same-sex caregivers cannot? ( D )A. By being adults in their children's lives.B. By depriving of the benefits found in mothers and fathersC. By differing parenting styles among people.D. By cooperating and complementing between mothers and fathers.2. According to Eleanor Maccoby, ___A__.A. fathers and mothers teach children differently in dealing with lifeB. fathers will not provide warm, nurturing care for an infantC. mothers teach children the difference between men and womenD. fathers have a distinct style of communication and interaction with children3. Children who roughhouse with their fathers ( A )A. learn that biting, kicking and other forms of physical violence are not acceptableB. learn self-controlC. are more physical and action orientedD. need mom's softness4. Which of the following can be categorized as "push limits"? ( D )A. Expanding experiences and confidence.B. Yelling "slow down, not so high, not so hard".C. Causing disagreement between mom and dad.D. Encouraging kids to climb higher, to ride faster.5. Girls with involved "married fathers" ( A )A. are more likely to have healthier relationships with malesB. build emotional security, and safety from other men and womenC. learn what masculinity isD. cope with life differentlyII. Complete the following (sum up求和-> summarize总结, 归纳) summary (⼩结)of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.Children (1) benefit from a mother and father's differing (2) parenting styles. Mothers and fathers bring to their children (3) different values. They are different in their parenting styles, in the way they (4) play with children, and in their (5) communication with children. Fathers (6) provide a look at the world of men; mothers, the world of women. And by (7) cooperating together and complementing each other in their differences they provide good things that same-sex caregivers cannot. Children who have daily (8) access to the different and complementary ways of mothers and fathers will have (9) confidence, independence, and security. They are more likely to have a (10) healthy respect for both women and men as they grow into adulthood. VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. She was ___A__ a normal childhood by the war.A. deprived ofB. taken awayC. given upD. got out2. Roses in a silver bowl ___B__ the handsome (beautiful) cherry table.A. comparisonB. complementC. competitionD. compensation3. Charles Darwin saw in the ___C__ of species (物种) the principles of (evolve->) evolution that operated to generate (=produce) the species: variation, competition and selection.A. (divide->) divisionB. (diverse->) diversionC. diversityD. (vary->) variation4. We (meet->) met on two __B___ occasions. One was an academic conference; the other a party.A. clearB. distinct (different)C. likely(possible)D. notable (obvious)5. The Internet, which covers the whole world, is increasing the __A___ of the people on the planet.A. interactionB. contractC. interplayD. interchange6. Most vegetables we buy in winter are __C___ in the greenhouse.A. natured (born to be)B. cultivated (->culture⽂化)C. nurtured (养育)D. nourished (提供营养)7. The students protested in front of American consulate (领事馆). They had no motives (动机) but those of ___B__ patriotism (爱国主义).A. absolute(绝对的)B. sheer (only纯粹的)C. pureD. complete8. The children ___A__ while (they are) building forts (要塞) with toy bricks (砖).A. roughhouse (fight)B. handleC. (pretense->)pretendD. behave9. The building is __D___ south and north.A. allocated (assign分配)B. guided (导游)C. operated (操纵)D. oriented (取…坐向)10. His (fail->) failure in business is largely due to __A__.A. timidity(胆怯)B. quality(质量)C. characteristics(特性特征)D. behavior (⾏为)II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.settle down facilitatemodify subtleconsequence verbally sympathy cope with academic instincthave/has access to sternlyaggression systematicallynurture1. Chinese national troops are on the alert against any possible aggression.2. This government has systematically taken actions to renew its economy.3. Most people have sympathy for the old lady for her (lose->lost->lost->) loss of the only son in the accident4. He is a (journal=magazine->) journalist (新闻⼯作者->journalism新闻学) whose subtle views on the hard issues of our time are rooted in a tough mind (heart) and5. I was (amuse逗⼈乐->) amazed (surprised) at her ability to cope with the difficult situation.6. He is one of the few scientists in this military base who have access to the restricted area.7. By the age of two most children have begun to communicate verbally (=orally).8. Modern devices such as micro-wave oven facilitate domestic work, and free (vt. set sb. free) people to have more (entertain->) entertainments (娱乐).9. This university is composed of five academic schools (department系).10. The industrial revolution modified (alter<->) the whole structure of English-speaking society.TranslationPut the following paragraph into English.在只有母亲或只有⽗亲的家庭⾥长⼤的孩⼦将会极⼤地缺乏⾃信、独⽴及安全感。
东南大学研究生一年级学术英语教科书答案chapter4
Unit 41.3 Reading Comprehension1.3.1. Fill in the following table with relevant details from the passage1.3.2. Understand more about Method Section of this research. What do you know about the questionnaire used in the survey?thencomplete the following table:2.2.1 The following sentences describe a process of making paper. Use sequential wordsand rewrite them into a cohesive paragraph.Firstly, the logs are placed in the shredder. Then they are cut into small chips which are mixed with water and acid. After that, they are heated and crushed to a heavy pulp which is cleaned. It is also chemically bleached to whiten it. Later, it is passed through rollers to flatten it. Then sheets of wet paper are produced. finally, the water is removed from the sheets which are pressed, dried and refined until the finished paper is produced.2.2.2 Read the following sentences. They are all taken from method sections from different research articles. In each case, determine which information element is represented.1. subjects,2. material,3. procedure,4.overview,5. statistical treatment,6. procedureand material, 7. sampling, 8. research location3.1 Completing sentencesComplete the following paragraph by translating Chinese into English.1) The questionnaire was administered2) completed the questionnaire3) Background information about these participants is presented in Table 24) The mean age of the participants was approximately 29 years old5) the years of working experience was six on the average3.2: 1c, 2 e, 3 d, 4 f , 5g, 6 b, 7 I, 8 a , 9h3.3 Rewriting sentences(1) Table 2 shows the number of students per level and their Ll language backgroundsrepresented.(2) Two questionnaires administered respectively to the personnel officers andbusiness employees show a similar result in terms of their perception of the use of English in their firm.(3) The scores of the two raters were averaged and entered for statistical analysis.(4) The model used in the experiment was a modified version of the 2009 Testpackage, originally developed by the Morrison Research Institute.(5) Gray (1998) studied the effectiveness of the new schedule, using scores on theStanford Achievement Test as the measure.(6) After the teacher explained the directions, the students began to write.( place modifiers so that they clearly modify what you intend them to modify ) (7) Students achieved better results, although the schedule was in effect only 1 year.(Put the main idea in the main clause )(8) After putting the assignment on the board, the teacher found by checking theroll that three students were absent. (Too many and s )(9) Because many school administrators seem interested in making only simple andinexpensive changes, they have been overly receptive to simplistic solutions.( avoid inserting long modifiers between the subject and the verb )(10) Many people are reluctant to install solar energy systems because of the largecapital investment required. ( avoid using subordinate clauses that modify other subordinate clauses )3.4 Turning notes into a passageA taste test was conducted to determine student’s preferences and attitudes toward sugar-sweetened and artificially-sweetened beverages. Ten people, five male and five female students, from Science English class 1 were chosen at random to participate in the test. The materials used were thirty straws, two cups, one blindfold, and two containers of Kool-Aid, a popular drink in the United States. One container held four cups of orange Kool-Aid sweetened with one half cup of sugar. The other container held four cups of orange Kool-aid sweetened with 9 packets of Nutrasweet brand artificial sweetener.The steps included in the test were as follows. Ten volunteer students were chosen, five male students and five female students. They were placed into two lines, one for males and the other for females. Alternately, men and women completed the taste test. To complete the test a blindfold was first fastened over the eyes of the tester so that he/she could not see. Then the two cups were filled with beverage, one with artificially-sweetened Kool-Aid and the other with sugar-sweetened Kool-Aid. The tester was then asked three questions from a survey and the answers were tabulated. Next, using a straw, the tester took a sip from each cup. Then the final two questions on the survey were asked and the answers tabulated. Finally, the remaining drink was thrown away, and the next tester came forward to repeat the process.。
东南大学研究生一年级学术英语教科书答案chapter6-8
Unit Six1.3.11. We observed a stronger positive association for rectal than colon cancer.2. We found a positive association between red meat intake specifically and cancers of the esophagus and liver, and a borderline significant positive association for laryngeal cancer.3. Unexpectedly, we found an inverse association between red meat intake and endometrial cancer.1.3.21. Provide a brief synopsis of key findings, with particular emphasis on how the findings add to the body of pertinent knowledge.2. Summarize the result in relation to each research objective or hypothesis3. Relate findings back to the literature or the results reported by other researchers4. Discuss possible mechanisms and explanations for the findings. Compare study results with relevant findings from other published work. Briefly state literature search sources and methods. Use tables and figures to help summarize previous work when possible.5. Discuss the limitations of the present study and any methods used to minimize or compensate for those limitations, or mention any crucial future research directions.6. Conclude with a brief section that summarizes in a straightforward and circumspect manner the clinical implications of the work.2.12Like, like, Although, similarity, similar, most, most, But, equal2.2.12.3In our study, zinc supplementation did not result in a significant reduction in overall mortality in children aged 1–48 months in a population with high malaria transmission. However, there was a suggestion that the effect varied by age, with no effect on mortality in infants, and a marginally significant 18% reduction of mortality in children 12–48 months of age (p=0·045). This effect was mainly a consequence of fewer deaths from malaria and other infections. Any effect on mortality in this trial was in addition to a possible effect of vitamin A supplementation3.2Even though Arizona and Rhode Island are both states of the U.S., they are strikingly different in many ways. For example, the physical size of each state is different. Arizona is large, having an area of 114,000 square miles, whereas Rhode Island is only about a tenth the size, having an area of only 1,214 square miles. Another difference is in the size of the population of each state. Arizona has about four million people living in it, but Rhode Island has less than one million. The two states also differ in the kinds of natural environments that each has. For example, Arizona is a very dry state, consisting of large desert areas that do not receive much rainfall every year. However, Rhode Island is located in a temperate zone and receives an average of 44 inches of rain per year. In addition, while Arizona is a landlocked state and thus has no seashore, Rhode Island lies on the Atlantic Ocean and does have a significant coastline.3.3The following is taken from a discussion section of a research paper.DiscussionA thorough analysis of both …worst‟ and …best‟ rankings shows that the onsite containment technique leads to the best LCA result in the light of the taken hypotheses. Unlike other treatment techniques, onsite containment requires not only few materials (geosynthetics only) but alsosmall-scale excavation works. Actually the more a technique includes heavy technical operations involving materials and equipment, the worst is the result of LCA. This is the case for bio-leaching and offsite landfilling, which include, on the one hand, setting up the bio-leaching device, the treatment of leachates with lime, disposal of waste and cleaning of the site, and on the other hand, removal of soil and the transportation of huge quantities of materials over large distances.As mentioned above, besides the LCA, it is necessary to take into account the ability of techniques to substitute for each other as well as the environmental burdens which may be associated with them. Viewed in this light, it is worth noticing that bio-leaching and offsite landfilling provide complete remediation of the site, contrary to other treatment techniques. Bio-leaching consists of a real onsite decontamination of the polluted soil, which enables bequeathing of a clean site to coming generations. Nevertheless, in addition to a bad LCA result, this emergent technique is still poorly known and its efficiency is not quite proven for large-scale applications as yet. As regards offsite landfilling, if the site is left usable without any risk, the huge quantities of non-stabilized waste, which have to be disposed of in landfill, may disturb the organization of local waste management. This point emphasises the bad result of LCA.In return, if the favorable LCA result of onsite containment is due to light treatment operations, this very thing brings environmental issues up into the long-term. Indeed, only setting-up of awater-resistance device entails onsite storage of huge quantities of non-stabilized soil meaning that the initial problem is actually postponed, but not solved.As regards liming, which gives intermediate LCA results, an embankment of stabilized soil plays an important part in site rehabilitation. Indeed, in the absence of embankment, liming offers no chance of reuse for the whole site, whereas the site becomes partly reusable when an embankment of limed soil is achieved. However, stabilization provided by the liming technique is not reliable in the long term and it cannot be assured that the site will be safe for coming generations.To conclude, with the view to treating the site contaminated by sulfur in the short-term, the LCA has been a useful tool in determining the most environmentally friendly technique: onsite containment has been revealed to offer the best resource productivity.On the basis of these interesting results, it would be useful to take into account a wider range of environmental flows in order to get a more exhaustive inventory. And furthermore, a more conventional LCA format could be achieved by using impact categories (global warming,acidif ication…) as inputs in the multi-criteria analysis, instead of environmental flows.Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)Unit 72.1 Summerizing(Key: This text describes the experience of a Taiwanese man who has lived in Canada for several years. He considers Canadian women better off than Taiwanese. However, he notes some Canadian women feel nostalgic about the days when they received special courtesies. For example, formerly men opened doors for women or paid for their meals. At this time, most Canadians endeavor to treat men and women equally. Women today therefore are expected to cover the cost of their own meals. ) 2.2 Paraphrasing(Key for reference: Aries claims that beginning in the 1400s the way we viewed the family and the actual reality of the family changed. However, the change was so slow and subtle that people at that time did not see it. But the event itself, the growing importance of school, was quite striking. Prior to that time children were educated from the age of seven by being placed out or apprenticed to other families. Once schools were no longer limited to religious study, they replaced apprenticeship as society‟s means of educating the young and initiating them into society.)3.1 Key: EFABDC3.21) The present study is designed to determine what in San Francisco attracts visitors more,…2) The purpose of this investigation is to explore whether employees as well as managers have tobe equally trained for working in…3) This study set out to tackle the rate of juvenile delinquency in 1994 in U. S. A.4) The aim of this study is to determine whether education plays a role in….5) The project undertaken is to evaluate the marketing strategies currently applied by….6) The current study aims to determine whether children sent to daycare or preschool start….7) This project is aimed to explore how the discovery of … may change the way we treat….Unit 8 Writing Abstracts1.3.1 What does the abstract talk about1.3.2Decide how many elements this sample includes and how they function.2Language Focus2.1 Commonly used verbs in abstracts; tenses in abstracts2.2 More verbs and sentences patterns2.2 Verb tenses in abstractsRead the abstract above again and check the tenses in the abstract.3Writing Practice3.1 Abstract writing practice3.1.1A review of groundwater remediation in use today shows that new techniques are required that solve the problems of pump and treat, containment and in-situ treatment.3.1.2The use of a funnel and gate system via a trench has been examined in detail3.1.3The modeling involved an analysis of the effect of changing the lengths of the walls and gate, varying the permeability, and varying the number of gates.3.1.4An important factor in designing the walls is the residence time of the water in the gate or the contact time of the contaminant with the reactive media.3.1.5The results of the modeling and sensitivity analysis are presented such that they can be used as an aid to the design of permeable treatment walls.3.23.3Writing keywords4. Writing project4.1 Get prepared for writing an abstract 4.2 Outline an abstract4.3 According to the above table, draft an abstract and key words for the sample paper. Abstract:“Megacities” are defined as urban areas with more than ten million inhabi tants. By 2015 it is estimated that Asia (where much of the worldwide process of urbanization is taking place) may contain as many as 60 Megacities housing more than 600 million people in total. This number will dramatically increase over the next decades with more than 2 billion people living in Megacities by the end of this century. Low carbon performance is a fundamental aspect of the sustainable planning of a new urban development. Sustainable master planning has four components, namely operating energy use, embodied energy associated with buildings, energy supply infrastructures, another infrastructures such as transport, waste, water, sewage, etc. These aspects need to be understood to inform the concept design at its earliest stage, especially if designing to cater for the needs of global megacities where ramifications of poorly integrated planning could result in prof;ound andlong-lasting impacts on carbon and energy intensity. This paper describes how these aspects of low carbon planning and design can be assessed using urban scale modeling, namely the Energy and Environmental Prediction model (EEP-Urban),at a whole city and building plot level.Key words: Urban planning, High density, Urbanization, Energy modeling, Low carbon。
东南大学研究生一年级学术英语教科书答案chapter10
Unit 101.1 Pre-reading tasksWhat should you consider about the journal you are going to submit the paper to?个人收集整理勿做商业用途Factors to be considered: Impact factor(IF), manuscript processing time, journal mission and columns, citation, etc.个人收集整理勿做商业用途What should you do to your paper before submission?个人收集整理勿做商业用途Studying the publication format of the target journal, and revising the paper format according to the "Guide For Authors".个人收集整理勿做商业用途What should be included in your submission e-Mail?A cover letter, enclosure of the paper, etc.How can we sound polite when we write the submission cover letter and reply to the decision letter? 个人收集整理勿做商业用途Use polite expression1.3.11.Paper title2. author,3.affiliation,4.research focus,5.interest declaration,6.correspondence 个人收集整理勿做商业用途1.3.2Main idea: major revisionThe author should1.make point- to- point revision according to the reviewers' comment.个人收集整理勿做商业用途2.Check spelling and format in the main body and the references个人收集整理勿做商业用途3.Highlight the change in "track change "mode.4.Upload and resubmit the paper2.21. We are really sorry for the inappropriate language use. We have asked an English expert consultant to proof read the paper.个人收集整理勿做商业用途2.We are very sorry for our incorrect reference to published literature, and checked instructions for authors for the required journal format. 个人收集整理勿做商业用途3.We have made correction according to the r eviewer’s comments on the use of +/- to express variation, and changed it to mean (SD). 个人收集整理勿做商业用途3.2 Response to revision letterDear Dr/ Prof. James Joyce,On behalf of my co-authors, we thank you very much for giving us an opportunity to revise our manuscript, we appreciate editor and reviewers very much for their positive and constructive comments and suggestions on our manuscript entitled“Hydroxyapatite/Tetracalcium Phosphate/Polyacrylic Acid Cement: Chemical-Physical Properties and Cytotoxicity”. (ID: IEJ-12-00123).We have studied reviewer’s comments carefully and have made revision which marke d in red in the paper. We have tried our best to revise our manuscript according to the comments. Attached please find the revised version, which we would like to submit for your kind consideration.We would like to express our great appreciation to you and reviewers for comments on our paper. Looking forward to hearing from you.Thank you and best regards.Yours sincerely,Ling HuchongCorresponding author:Name: Qiao FengE-mail: 个人收集整理勿做商业用途The attached letter:Dear D r/ Prof. James Joyce,Thank you fo r your letter and for the reviewers’ comments concerning our manuscript entitled “Paper Title” (ID: 文章稿号). Those comments are all valuable and very helpful for revising and improving our paper, as well as the important guiding significance to our researches. We have studied comments carefully and have made correction which we hope meet with approval. Revised portion are marked in red in the paper. The main corrections in the paper and the responds to the reviewer’s comments are as flowing:Responds to the r eviewer’s comments:Reviewer #1:The comments can be summarized as follows:个人收集整理勿做商业用途1.It would be helpful if the title would reflect that this report is on a root end fillingmaterial.个人收集整理勿做商业用途2.The entire manuscript needs to be edited for proper use of the English language andsyntax. 个人收集整理勿做商业用途3.This reviewer does not understand the connection between Earl and Ibbetson’s study andthe reference made to Bodrumlu. Please clarify.个人收集整理勿做商业用途4.Check instructions for authors for the required journal format for referring to thepublished literature. And the figures have no numbers.个人收集整理勿做商业用途Detailed Responses:1.It would be helpful if the title would reflect that this report is on a root end filling material.个人收集整理勿做商业用途Response: We have changed t he title “Hydroxyapatite/Tetracalcium Phosphate/Polyacrylic Acid Cement: Chemical-Physical Properties and Cytotoxicity” to “A Novel Root-End Filling Material B ased on Hydroxyapatite/Tetracalcium Phosphate/Polyacrylic Acid Cement”.个人收集整理勿做商业用途2.The entire manuscript needs to be edited for proper use of the English language and syntax.个人收集整理勿做商业用途Response: According to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have made all corrections and all of the relevant changes have been marked in red in our revised manuscript. We have changed the description “To overcome these disadvantages, a new material, hydroxyapatite/tetracalcium phosphate/polyacrylic acid cement (HA/TTCP/PAA), with optimum properties…” to “In this study, we intend to develop a novel material, hydroxyapatite/tetracalciumphosphate/polyacrylic acid cement (HA/TTCP/PAA), with optimum or improved properties…” in third paragraph, p. 2. We have changed the description “TheHA/TTCP/PAA paste was mixed….and the mixed with distilled water…” to “TheHA/TTCP/PAA pas te was formed by mixing its powder with distilled water…” in second paragraph, p. 3. We have changed the description “The paste of HA/TTCP/PAA, GIC and GPC were placed into a plastic plate…” to “The paste of HA/TTCP/PAA, GIC and GPC were placed into a plas tic plate (10 mm diameter × 1 mm)” in second paragraph, p. 4. We have changed the description “Compressive strength was calculated from the mean value of five samples of each group.” to “Compressive strength was calculated from the mean value of five samp les of each group.” in third paragraph, p. 4. We have changed the description “TheHA/TTCP/PAA, GIC and GPC pastes were manually shaped separately into an 8 mm diameter ball within 1 min….” to “At standard liquid/powder ratios each material (0.5 g powder) was mixed and immediately, but within 1 min, manipulated into a ball…” in fifth paragraph, p. 4 . We have changed the description “The materials were set in the molds for 24 h at 37°C in 100% humidity.” to “Test materials were mixed according to their liqu id/powder ratios and immediately placed into a circular mold (5 mm diameter × 2 mm). All the specimens were allowed to set for 24 h at 37℃ in 100% humidity.” in second paragraph, p. 5. 个人收集整理勿做商业用途3.This reviewer does not understand the connection betwe en Earl and Ibbetson’s study and the reference made to Bodrumlu. 个人收集整理勿做商业用途Responses:We are very sorry for not being able to clarify the connection between Earl and Ibbetson’s study and the reference made to Bodrumlu in previous manuscript. Actually, we cited the Earl and Ibbetson’s study from the reference made to Bodrumlu, but the original reference from Earl and Ibbetson was reported in British Dental Journal in 1986.个人收集整理勿做商业用途4.The authors should check instructions for authors for the required journal format for referring to the published literature. And the figures have no numbers.个人收集整理勿做商业用途Responses: According to the reviewer’s requirement, we have made all relevant changes according to instructions for authors.个人收集整理勿做商业用途Reviewer #2:The comments can be summarized as follows:个人收集整理勿做商业用途1.p. 5, ll. 22: It is unclear how the washout test was quantified. Please describe morethoroughly. 个人收集整理勿做商业用途2.p. 5, ll. 11: How do the authors know that the Et2O treatment didn't affect the biologicalproperites of the the materials? It seems it would have been better. 个人收集整理勿做商业用途3.p. 5, MTT assay. The 5 mg/mL concentration exposed to L929 for 4 h can be cytotoxicby itself. How did the authors control for this potential problem? 个人收集整理勿做商业用途4.First paragraph, p. 8 (setting). This paragraph seems speculative and askance of theexperimental data for the most part. Please rewrite to relate more specifically to the XRD and IR data. 个人收集整理勿做商业用途Detailed Responses:1.p. 5, ll. 22: It is unclear how the washout test was quantified. Please describe more thoroughly. 个人收集整理勿做商业用途Response: We have changed the description “The HA/TTCP/PAA, GIC and GPC pastes were manually shaped separately into an 8 mm diameter ball within 1 min, and then they were…” to “ At sta ndard liquid/powder ratios each material (0.5 g powder) was mixed and immediately, but within 1 min, manipulated into a ball. And then they were…” in p. 5, ll. 22.个人收集整理勿做商业用途作者对论文评审员的评审意见均作了点对点的回应。
英语模块九答案
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研究生英语综合教程上Unit 9
Starting out—Task 2
Task 2
People have a number of different reasons for choosing a particular area to live in. Compare the benefits and shortcomings of the following locations and decide where you’d like to live. You could add to the list.
Starting out—Task 1
Possible topics Location/ Size/ Interior decoration/ Electrical appliances/ Running water/ Hot water/ Showering or bathing facilities/ Indoor toilets/ Electric or gas stoves/ Refrigerators/ Central heating and/or air conditioning/ Lighting/ Telephone / Cable TV/ Internet access/ Housing cost—rent or ownership
高等院校研究生英语系列教材
综合教程（上）
INTEGRATED COURSE
Unit 9
Affordable Housing
Content
Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final Project
Lao Wang and his wife live in a 15 m2 old apartment in downtown Shanghai. The area will be redeveloped in a couple of year’s time. They will be given 300,000 Yuan as compensation for their apartment and can either use the money to buy a house in the suburbs, or pay the developer 8,000 Yuan per square meter for a new 130 m2 downtown apartment which they will have to wait for five years before moving in.
东南大学研究生一年级学术英语教科书答案chapter3
Unit 31.2.1 List different opinions on poverty and environmental degradation2.1.1 Check the reviewing section of sample Introduction and complete the following table.2.2.2 Read three extracts on the issue of poverty and crime. Use the verbs above to cite opinions on poverty and crime.A study by Williams (2005) reports that percentage of poor Americans who are living in extreme poverty has reached a 32-year high. This finding is supported by Holmes (2006) who further states that there are more and more at the link between unemployment, poverty and crime. And the unmistakable characteristic of poverty and crime is that they’re both geographically concentrated in the same areas.This opinion is theoretically explained from an economic perspective of crime that people weigh the consequences of committing crime. They resort to crime only if the cost or consequences are outweighed by the potential benefits to be gained.( Garland, 2008) Although both these studies focus on the close relation between poverty and crime, they have ignored … according to Leach and Mearns (1995).3.1 Using referencesInformation prominent citationAmong the six areas regarding the poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day, sub-Saharan AfricaAuthor prominent citationThe World Bank (2012) states that South Asia ranks the second in the chart regarding poverty ratio at $1.25 a day among six areas in the world.Weak author prominent citationAs a report from the World Bank (2012) indicated, the top two areas of poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day were sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, with a population of almost 50 percent and 37 percent respectively.3.2 Relating literature to your researchWhat questions does this literature review answer?(Key: This literature offers a summary of previous research, so it simply tells the reader what was discovered in previous research.)What questions doesn't it answer?(Key: It doesn't evaluate the research it summarizes, nor does it show the relationships between the different theories, views and approaches it describes.)Which method has the writer used to organize the literature review?(Key: The writer has organized this literature review around the researchers, and has presented it chronologically (arranging the work by when it was published). Notice that by organizing it around the researchers (the summaries are listed after the names of the people who did the research) and not around the research (e.g. around key concepts) the writer emphasizes the people and not their work.)Is it a good literature review? Why?(Key: We don't believe that it is a good literature review. It only gives a summary of previous research but it does not use the literature to explain more about the writer's own research problem. Also, it is not critical: after we read it we still do not know which theories or findings are important, which are inconclusive, what the shortcomings are, etc.The main problem with this literature review is that it does not show how previous research relates to the writer's own research problem, or the relationship between different research already carried out. Given the organization the writer has used, this literature review could not be effective literature review because there is little scope for showing relationships, drawing comparisons, or making evaluations.)3.3 Avoiding plagiarismThe last sentence in Version 2T sounds like the idea of the writer of the paragraph, but we know from Version 1 that it was originally the idea of Russell and Fillery (1996). Because there is nogrammatical link between the two sentences, the reference in the first sentence does not apply to the second sentence. Note in Version 1 that the authors used both a grammatical link (they) and a tense marker (past tense was not adaptable) to indicate that the idea came from the cited work.。
研究生英语阅读教程翻译及课后练习答案U9_Text A1
Financial crisis leads to the rethinking of careers.
A new map of talent flow is presented.
Text Study
Audio
Para. 1
1 In the Depression, smart college students flocked into civil engineering to design the highway, bቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱidge and dam-building projects of those days. In the Sputnik era, students poured into the sciences as America bet on technology to combat the cold war Communist challenge. Yes, the jobs beckoned and the pay was good. But those careers, in their day, had other perks: respect and self-esteem.
keep/leave your options open avoid making a decision now so that one still has a choice later 暂不作决定; 留有选择余地: Don’t take the job now. Keep your options open until you leave university. 先别接受这份工作--暂 时保留选择权, 到离开这所大学再说.
Reading—Text A
Main Idea & Structure Text Study
研究生学术英语课后习题答案课件
5 尽管因特网已经彻底改变了全球通讯，但是对于那些意图 为了罪恶目的而利用网络力量的人和那些负责阻止这些网 络犯罪的人来说，他们之间的较量才刚刚开始。
1、只要朝着一个方向奋斗，一切都会变得得心应手。20.6.166.16.202010:0010:00:23Jun-2010:00 2、心不清则无以见道，志不确则无以定功。二〇二〇年六月十六日2020年6月16日星期二
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
Enhancing your academic language
Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.
1 有些人声称黑客是那些扩宽知识界限而不造成危害的好人 （或即使造成危害，但并非故意而为），而“破碎者”才 是真正的坏人。
3、有勇气承担命运这才是英雄好汉。10:006.16.202010:006.16.202010:0010:00:236.16.202010:006.16.2020 4、与肝胆人共事，无字句处读书。6.16.20206.16.202010:0010:0010:00:2310:00:23
5、阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作使人精确。Tuesday, June 16, 2020June 20Tuesday, June 16, 20206/16/2020 6、最大的骄傲于最大的自卑都表示心灵的最软弱无力。10时0分10时0分16-Jun-206.16.2020
1 看似无害的编程错误可以被利用，导致电脑被侵入并为电 脑蠕虫和病毒的繁衍提供温床。
2 当一个软件漏洞被发现，黑客可以将漏洞变成一个侵入点， 从而造成极大的破坏，在这之前，往往需要争分夺秒地利 用正确的软件补丁来防止破坏的发生。
学术英语1,3,9,11单元答案
TEXT1Debate（讨论）：a discussion in which reasons advanced for and against some proposition or proposalSomewhat（稍微）：to a small degree or extentEliminate（排除）：completely get rid of something that is unnecessary or unwantedValid(有效地）：（computing）that is accepted by the systemAccess（进入）：the right to obtain or make use of or take advantage of somethingtemporary（正当的）：not permanent ;not lastinginherent(固有的）：existing as an essential constituent or characteristicapplication（适用）：a piece of computer software that is designed to do a particular job available(可用的）：obtainable or accessible and ready for use or serviceUtilize（利用）：put into service第二题1 a(n) symbolic (象征的) gesture of love2 The publisher distribute (分发) the book in Asia.3 A “site”(地点) is a place, and so a website.4 a(n) complex (复杂的) network of systems5 be used to identify (识别) potential terrorists6 deal the matter with him physically (完全地)7 start with a pretty straightforward (直截了当) question8 beyond the capability (功能) of the computers9 hit the target (目标) at a distance10 the person never attempt (尝试) to do anything more11 a highly sophisticated process (过程)12 work within the parameter (限定因素) of time and budget13 thanks for your kind interpretation (解释)14 use many technical (专业的) terms15 Prices range (变化范围) from 340 U.S. Dollars to 390 U.S. Dollars.16 exploit (开拓) a new market in the city17 be absorbed in the social networking (社交网络)18 involve (涉及) unnecessary extra charges19 only one instance (实例) out of many20 get to know more about the specification (具体的细节) of the wedding21 accompany (陪伴) with her to watch movies22 the only thing predictable（预言）about life23 learn the profile（概要）of the project第三题When it comes to cloud computing, it is often worried that cloud computing is not reliable, the worries ranging from(从……到) “I lose control over the system with cloud computing” to“My files are not secure with cloud computing”.Actually the worries arise from some misunderstandings（来自于对……误解)of cloud computing. Although the security of cloud computing leaves a lot of problems unsolved(留下很多问题没有得到),it opens a path for(打开了通道) the future development of computers. Hence a Better understanding of a new technology requires a different frame of mind(需要有新的思想).1. Some people claim that hackers are good guys who simply push the boundaries of knowledge without doing any harm (at least not on purpose), whereas “crackers” are the real bad guys.有些人声称黑客是那些扩宽知识界限而不造成危害的好人（或即使造成危害，但并非故意而为），而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。
东南大学研一学术英语教程答案
Unit 1Keys for 1.3.1, 1.3.2Developing an Academic Voice:Most inexperienced writers use only the voices within their experience. When there is narrow experience, there may be the use of inappropriate voice. Writers may resort to their casual voice, which is inappropriate for academic writing. Developing an appropriate voice in academic writing establishes authority and respect for the writer. An academic voice can be developed through understanding categories of voice, recognizing your writing voice, and learning voice changing strategies.Categories of Voice:-Formal voice is an informative voice used in analysis and critique.-Consultative voice is reserved for opinion, reaction, position, and persuasion papers. -Casual voice allows you to share personal knowledge and experience. This style is not appropriate for an academic paper unless expressly allowed by your professor (as in a personal narrative).Strategies for Changing your Voice:- Eliminate casual fillersEliminate words that are associated with casual style and are generally found in conversation. You can ensure you are using an academic voice by avoiding colloquial speech patterns in your writing.Example: “You know,” “well,” “now”- PersonCheck for the appropriate person for each style of paper. First and second person pronouns are sometimes applicable to the consultative voice, but not the formal. Be sure you are consistent with your usage throughout the paper.- Wordiness and Word ChoiceExpress ideas clearly and concisely by removing extraneous words that only provide confusion. Also, remove ambiguous words such as “very” or “great” and select words that provide specific definition.Keys for 2.1.1Key for 2.2A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses and can also indicate the relationship between the elements it connects. In only one single sentence we often find that it contains one or more ideas which may be equal or unequal in importance. When the ideas are equal, they are called coordinate ideas. These sentences may be joined into a compound sentence that shows the relationship between the two ideas. When this is done in such a way that the equality of the ideas is maintained, we call the clauses in the new sentence coordinate clauses.Keys for 3.11.Science magazine2.advertisement3.Hemingway’s short story: cat in the rain4. a research paper5. a newspaperKeys for 3.2Key for 3.3There appear to be two principal reasons for the growing traffic congestion. Firstly, public transportation has become increasingly expensive in relation to the falling cost of driving. In addition, car ownership is more convenient than using public transportation, together these factors result in higher vehicle density.。
学术英语综合第九单元练习答案
4 Balance work , home and play Get support Stay positive; take time to relax Get seven to nine hours of sleep; kids get more Get help or counseling 5 Ask your doctor or nurse Find out what exams, tests, and shots you need and when to get them See your doctor or nurse often, sooner if you feel sick, or have problems with medicine
Task 2 eat healthy; whole grains; your breathing; heart rates; your muscles; protect yourself; washing hands; support from family and friends, a positive attitude, relaxation, enough sleep every night and necessary help or counseling; pain, changes, or problems with medicine
Task 2 Signpost language 1 known as 2 referred to as 4 describe 5 mean
3 call
■ Task 3 Formal English 1 increases 2 marked 3 arrival/ coming 4 replaced 5 move away 6 filled
研究生学术英语课后习题答案课件
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13、生气是拿别人做错的事来惩罚自 己。2021/4/152021/4/152021/4/152021/4/154/15/2021
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14、抱最大的希望，作最大的努力。2021年4月15日 星期四 2021/4/152021/4/152021/4/15
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15、一个人炫耀什么，说明他内心缺 少什么 。。2021年4月 2021/4/152021/4/152021/4/154/15/2021
3、有勇气承担命运这才是英雄好汉。10:006.16.202010:006.16.202010:0010:00:236.16.202010:006.16.2020 4、与肝胆人共事，无字句处读书。6.16.20206.16.202010:0010:0010:00:2310:00:23
5、阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作使人精确。Tuesday, June 16, 2020June 20Tuesday, June 16, 20206/16/2020 6、最大的骄傲于最大的自卑都表示心灵的最软弱无力。10时0分10时0分16-Jun-206.16.2020
5 另外，考虑安装一个硬件防火墙并将从互联网中流入和流 出的数据限定在仅有的几个你真正需要的端口，如电子邮 件和网站流量。
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
Enhancing your academic language
Translate the following sentences from Text 2 into Chinese.
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
Enhancing your academic language
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Unit 9 referencing1.1 Pre-reading tasksWhy do we have to reference?When you reference correctly you are demonstrating that you have read widely on a topic. You are also supporting your hypothesis with comments from expert authors. This lends credibility to your own work. Also, by correctly referencing, you allow the marker or reader to follow-up your refer ences and to check the validity of your arguments for themselves. This is an important part of the academic process as it leads to student accountability.How do we usually reference? (In-text citation and reference list)How do we create a reference list?When creating a reference list, the sources should be listed alphabetically by author’s surname, should be left justified, and the references should never be preceded by a bullet-point or number. Where the author is anonymous or unknown for any one source, insert that source in the alphabetical list using the title of the source instead of the author’s name. All sources should be listed together; there should not be separate lists for books versus journal articles versus electronic sources. The reference list should be on a separate page from the rest of the assignment and should be simply titled ‘References’ or ‘Literature Cited’ and the t itle should be in the same font and size as the other headings in your assignment.How many referencing styles do you know? (APA, MLA etc)1.3.1 Differences between Science and MLAScience MLABook reference order of publisher and place.(publisher, place)Punctuation mark. Information issegmented by comma. Publisher,place and year in blanket.Example:J. B. Carroll, Ed., Language,Thought and Reality, SelectedWritings of Benjamin Lee Whorf(MIT Press, Cambridge, MA,1956)1. order of publisher and place.(place:publisher)Punctuation mark. Information issegmented by full stop.Example:McDonagh, Sean. Why are we Deafto the Cry of the Earth. Dublin:Veritas, 2001.Journal reference 1. Order of first name and lastname: first name. Last name2. Order of year and page: Page(year)3. Punctuation mark.4. Example: N. Tang, On theequilibrium partial pressures ofnitric acid and ammonia in theatmosphere. Atmos. Environ.14,819-834 (1980).1. Order of first name and lastname: Last name, first name.2. Order of year and page:(year):Page .3. Punctuation mark4. Example: Mann, Susan. "Mythsof Asian Womanhood." Journal ofAsian Studies. 59.1 (2000):835-62.1.3.2Science style MLA style2,6,7,8,91,3,4,5,102.1 Please fill out the blanks of the omitted information of the Science reference entry.1) First author first name __last name_, second author _first name__last name,paper title. _jounral_name.issue , _page_( _year_ ).2) _author first name_ last name_, book name ( __publisher_, New York, ed.3, ___year_), ____page__.[third edition]3)_first name. last name_, thesis, _university name_ (___year_).2.21）Man, Glenn K. S. "The Third Man: Pulp Fiction and Art Film." Literature Film Quarterly 21.3 (1993): 171-178. Print.2）Ferrer, Ada. "Cuba 1898: Rethinking Race, Nation, and Empire." Radical History Review 73 (1999): 22-49. Print.3)Mumford, Lewis. The Culture of Cities. New York: Harcourt, 1938. Print.4) Buss, A. H. Self-Consciousness and Social Anxiety. San Francisco: Freeman,1991. Print.5) Piper, Andrew. “Rethinking the Print Object: Goethe and the Book ofEverything.”PMLA 121.1 (2006): 124-38. Print3.11.S. Allen, PhD thesis, University College Dublin(2009).2.M. Wang,& K. Koda, Commonalities and differences in word identification skills among English second language learners. Language Learning. 55(1), 73-100 (2005).3. R. Zeelenberg, D. Pecher, Evidence for long-term language repetition priming in conceptual implicit memory tasks. Journal of Memory and Language. 49, 80–94 (2003).4. R. E. von Studnitz, D. Green, Interlingual homograph interference in German-English bilinguals: Its modulation and locus of control. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. 51, 1–23 (2002).3.2 Please create a reference list of the following work information according to MLA style.References:Booth, David. Ed. Rethinking Social Development: Theory, Research and Practice. Essex: Longman, 1994.Mann, Susan. "Myths of Asian Womanhood." Journal of Asian Studies. 59.1 (2000): 835-62.McDonagh, Sean. Why are we Deaf to the Cry of the Earth .Dublin:Veritas，2001. O’Connor, John. "Towards a Greener Ireland.” Discovering Our Natural Sustainable Resources: Future Proofing, University College Dublin, 15–16 March 2009. Dublin: Irish Environmental Institute, 2009. 65 – 69. PrintWhen bilinguals read or listen to words in their second language (L2), information about words in their first language (L1) is also active (e.g., 1-3). From a developmental perspective, finding evidence for language nonselectivity even among highly skilled bilinguals is surprising. One might think that with increasing skill, learners become capable of functioning autonomously in the L2 (e.g., 4). However, recent evidence that demonstrates parallel activation of words in both languages during visual and spoken word recognition suggests that acquiring proficiency in a L2 does not imply that the individual has acquired the ability to switch off the influence of the L1. Furthermore, these cross-language influences are not limited to the effects of the L1 on the L2. Even when proficient bilinguals process words in their L1 alone—without any reason to believe that L2 is relevant—there are effects of the L2 on the L1 (e.g., 5,6).Despite the compelling evidence for parallel activation of both languages during lexical access in proficient bilinguals, very little research has addressed the consequences of cross-language activity in less proficient L2 processing. This question is the focus of the work we report here: What lexical information is active in the learner’s L1 during L2 processing? The present study investigates the influence of the L1 on the L2 during lexical processing in a laboratory setting.References:William R. Harvey, Signe Nedergaard, Sodium-independent active transport of potassium in the isolated midgut of the Cecropia silkworm. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.51, 731-735 (1964).1. A. Dijkstra, W. J. B. Van Heuven, The architecture of the bilingual word recognition system:From identification to decision. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. 23, 175–197 (2002).2. D. Jared, J. F. Kroll, Do bilinguals activate phonological representations in one or both of their languages when naming words? Journal of Memory and Language.44, 2–31 (2001).3. V. Marian, M. Spivey, Bilingual and monolingual processing of competing lexical items.Applied Psycholinguistics. 24, 173–193 (2003).4. N. Segalowitz, J. H. Hulstijn, Automaticity in bilingualism and second language learning. In J. F. Kroll & A. M. B. De Groot (Eds)., Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches ( Oxford University Press,Oxford.2005).5. J. G. Van Hell, A. Dijkstra, Foreign language knowledge can influence native language performance in exclusively native contexts. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 9, 780–789 (2002).6. I. Van Wijnendaele, M. Brysbaert, Visual word recognition in bilinguals: Phonological priming from the second to the first language. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance.28, 616–627 (2002).。