自动化专业英语4.2
自动化专业英语翻译
4.2 Digital System Decoding数字系统译码Before a display device can be effectively used to develop a digital number, it must receive an appropriate actuating signal from the counter. The counter output signal in this case normally contains information in binary form. This information must therefore be decoded in such a way that it will energize a display when a specific number occurs . Decoding of this type is achieved by a number of four-input gates connected to the A、B 、C and D outputs of a BCD counter . When an appropriate combination of binary number signals appears at the input of the decoder, the output will energize a display device by grounding a specific number or bar segment. In a strict sense, the manual switches of the previous display devices can be replaced by an automatically controlled decoder.在显示装置可以有效地用于开发数字数,它必须接收来自计数器的适当的驱动信号.计数器输出信号在这种情况下通常以二进制形式包含信息。
自动化专业英语
自动化专业英语引言概述:自动化专业英语是指在自动化领域中使用的专业术语和表达方式。
随着自动化技术的不断发展,掌握自动化专业英语对于从事自动化工作的人来说变得越来越重要。
本文将从五个方面详细阐述自动化专业英语的相关内容。
一、自动化概述1.1 自动化定义:自动化是指利用计算机和控制系统等技术实现对生产过程、工程系统或设备的自动控制和管理。
1.2 自动化应用领域:自动化广泛应用于工业生产、交通运输、能源管理、环境保护等领域。
1.3 自动化技术发展:自动化技术经历了从传统控制到数字化控制、网络化控制、智能化控制的发展过程。
二、自动化专业英语基础知识2.1 专业术语:掌握自动化领域的专业术语,如PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)、SCADA(监控与数据采集系统)、HMI(人机界面)等。
2.2 缩写和缩略语:了解并正确使用自动化领域常见的缩写和缩略语,如DCS (分散控制系统)、PID(比例-积分-微分控制)等。
2.3 表达方式:熟悉自动化专业英语的表达方式,包括书面和口语表达,以及相关文档和报告的撰写。
三、自动化领域中的英语应用3.1 技术文档翻译:能够准确翻译自动化领域的技术文档,包括用户手册、技术规范和标准等。
3.2 会议和演讲:具备在自动化领域的会议和演讲中流利表达的能力,包括介绍自动化项目、解释技术细节等。
3.3 跨文化交流:能够与国际合作伙伴进行跨文化交流,包括与外籍工程师合作、参与国际项目等。
四、自动化专业英语学习方法4.1 词汇积累:通过阅读相关文献和参与专业讨论,积累自动化专业英语词汇。
4.2 实践应用:通过参与项目实践和与行业从业者交流,提高自动化专业英语的实际应用能力。
4.3 学习资源:利用互联网和相关学习资源,如自动化英语教材、在线课程等,进行自学和学习辅助。
五、自动化专业英语的重要性5.1 职业发展:掌握自动化专业英语可以提升在自动化领域的职业发展机会,如跨国公司的就业机会等。
5.2 国际交流:自动化专业英语是国际交流的桥梁,可以促进与外国工程师和研究人员的合作与交流。
自动化专业英语
自动化专业英语Title: Professional English in AutomationIntroduction:Professional English in the field of automation is essential for effective communication and collaboration in the industry. It is important for professionals in this field to have a strong command of technical vocabulary and terminology to ensure accuracy and clarity in their work. In this article, we will explore the importance of professional English in automation and provide some tips for improving language skills in this specialized area.1. Importance of Professional English in Automation1.1. Precision and Accuracy: In the field of automation, precision and accuracy are crucial for successful project implementation. Professional English helps in conveying technical information accurately, reducing the risk of errors and misunderstandings.1.2. Global Communication: Automation projects often involve collaboration with international partners and clients. Professional English enables professionals to communicate effectively with colleagues from different linguistic backgrounds, ensuring smooth and efficient project execution.1.3. Compliance and Documentation: In the automation industry, compliance with regulations and standards is paramount. Professional English is essential for drafting reports, manuals, and documentation that meet industry requirements and ensure legal compliance.2. Tips for Improving Professional English Skills in Automation2.1. Vocabulary Building: To enhance professional English skills in automation, professionals should focus on building a strong technical vocabulary. This can be achieved through reading technical journals, attending industry conferences, and participating in specialized training programs.2.2. Practice Writing: Writing is an important aspect of professional communication in automation. Professionals can improve their writing skills by practicing technical writing, drafting project reports, and creating documentation for automation systems.2.3. Communication Skills: Effective communication is key in the field of automation. Professionals should work on developing their listening, speaking, and presentation skills to ensure clear and concise communication with colleagues, clients, and stakeholders.3. Resources for Learning Professional English in Automation3.1. Online Courses: There are many online courses available that focus on professional English in automation. These courses cover technical vocabulary, writing skills, and communication strategies specific to the industry.3.2. Industry Publications: Reading industry publications such as journals, magazines, and research papers can help professionals stay updated on the latest trends and developments in automation while improving their professional English skills.3.3. Language Workshops: Participating in language workshops and seminars tailored to the automation industry can provide professionals with valuable opportunities to practice their English skills and receive feedback from language experts.4. Challenges in Professional English for Automation Professionals4.1. Jargon and Acronyms: The automation industry is filled with technical jargon and acronyms that can be challenging for non-native English speakers to understand and use correctly.4.2. Cultural Differences: Working in a globalized industry like automation can expose professionals to different cultural norms and communication styles. Understanding and navigating these differences can be a challenge for non-native English speakers.4.3. Time Constraints: Professionals in the automation industry often face tight deadlines and demanding workloads, leaving little time for language improvement. Finding time to dedicate to language learning can be a significant challenge.5. Benefits of Improving Professional English Skills in Automation5.1. Career Advancement: Strong professional English skills can open up new opportunities for automation professionals, including career advancement, international assignments, and higher salaries.5.2. Enhanced Collaboration: Improved communication through professional English can lead to better collaboration with colleagues, clients, and partners, resulting in more successful projects and outcomes.5.3. Personal Development: Developing professional English skills in automation can boost professionals' confidence, expand their knowledge base, and contribute to their overall personal and professional growth.In conclusion, professional English skills are essential for automation professionals to succeed in their careers and effectively communicate in the industry. By focusing on vocabulary building, writing practice, and communication skills development, professionals can enhance their language proficiency and achieve greater success in the field of automation.。
自动化专业英语原文和翻译
自动化专业英语原文和翻译引言随着科技的不断进步,自动化技术已经深入到各个领域,成为现代工业、农业、服务业等不可或缺的一部分。
自动化专业英语,作为沟通自动化技术与国际交流的桥梁,其重要性不言而喻。
本文将全面探讨自动化专业英语的相关知识,帮助读者更好地理解和应用这一专业领域。
正文一、自动化专业英语词汇1.1 自动化专业英语涉及大量专业术语,如“PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)”、“DCS(分布式控制系统)”、“SCADA(监控和数据采集系统)”等。
1.2 这些术语在自动化领域具有特定的含义,准确理解和运用这些词汇是进行自动化专业交流的基础。
二、自动化技术文献翻译2.1 自动化技术文献涉及复杂的原理、设备和操作流程,要求译者具备深厚的专业背景和翻译技巧。
2.2 在进行文献翻译时,需注意保持原文的专业性,同时确保译文流畅易懂,不产生歧义。
三、自动化技术交流中的英语应用3.1 在国际自动化技术交流中,准确、专业的英语表达是至关重要的。
这不仅涉及到技术层面的沟通,还包括项目合作、商务谈判等场合。
3.2 有效的沟通能帮助企业和研究机构在国际合作中实现资源共享、技术进步和业务拓展。
四、自动化专业英语的特点4.1 自动化专业英语具有科技文体的特点,如表达客观、句子结构复杂、大量使用被动语态等。
4.2 此外,自动化专业英语还涉及到大量的技术细节描述和工程实践用语,需要译者具备相应的专业背景知识。
五、提高自动化专业英语水平的途径5.1 持续学习:保持对自动化领域新技术、新知识的关注,了解行业发展趋势。
5.2 实践应用:在实际工作中运用所学的专业英语知识,通过实践提高英语交流能力。
5.3 专业培训:参加针对自动化领域的英语培训或研讨会,与同行交流学习经验。
5.4 阅读与写作:定期阅读英文原版的自动化技术文献,提高阅读理解能力;尝试撰写技术报告或参与国际会议的论文写作,提升英文表达能力。
六、自动化专业英语的未来发展6.1 随着全球工业4.0及智能制造的推进,自动化专业英语将在国际化交流中发挥更加重要的作用。
自动化与电子信息专业英语[杨植新][电子教案]Part4
Prat 4 Automatic Control Theory
4.1 History of Automatic Control
4.1.2 Specialized English words
regulator float regulator mechanics water clock water-level steam boiler pressure-cocker valve fly ball governor shaft steam engine axis 调节器,调节装置 浮球调,节装,浮阀调节装置 水钟 水位 蒸汽锅炉 压力锅(安全)阀门 飞球调速器 (机器的)轴,井筒 蒸汽机 轴(心)线
Prat 4 Automatic Control Theory
flyweights inlet attenuation transient oscillations unstable formulate differential equation parameter system performanc model amplifier
Prat 4 Automatic Control T Control Theory
4.1 History of Automatic Control 4.2 The New Generation of Advanced Process Control 4.3 Feedback Fundamentals 4.4 Frequency Response Methods 4.5 Routh’s Stability Criterion 4.6 State variable Methods 4.7 Root-Locus
Prat 4 Automatic Control Theory Sputnik 普尼克(前苏联1957年10月4日发射的第一 颗人造卫星) probes (航天)探测器,传感器,探针 optimal control 最优控制 robust system 鲁棒系统 mechanization 机械化 musket 滑膛枪,毛瑟枪 interchangeable parts 互换性零(部)件 numerical control (NC)数字控制,数控 machine-tool 机床,工具机
自动化专业英语原文和翻译
自动化专业英语原文和翻译Automation in the Manufacturing Industry: An OverviewIntroduction:Automation plays a crucial role in the manufacturing industry, revolutionizing production processes and enhancing efficiency. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the concept of automation in the manufacturing sector, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and future prospects. It also includes a translation of the text into English.Section 1: Definition and Importance of AutomationAutomation refers to the use of technology and machinery to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. In the manufacturing industry, automation is essential for streamlining operations, reducing costs, and improving product quality. It allows companies to achieve higher production rates, increased precision, and improved safety standards.Section 2: Benefits of Automation in Manufacturing2.1 Increased ProductivityAutomation enables manufacturers to produce goods at a faster rate, leading to increased productivity. With the use of advanced robotics and machinery, repetitive tasks can be performed efficiently, allowing workers to focus on more complex and creative aspects of production.2.2 Enhanced Quality ControlAutomated systems ensure consistency and accuracy in manufacturing processes, leading to improved product quality. By minimizing human error, automation reduces defects and variations, resulting in higher customer satisfaction and reduced waste.2.3 Cost ReductionAutomation helps in reducing labor costs by replacing manual work with machines and robots. Although initial investment costs may be high, long-term savings are significant due to increased efficiency and reduced dependence on human labor.2.4 Improved Workplace SafetyAutomation eliminates the need for workers to perform hazardous or physically demanding tasks. Robots and machines can handle tasks that pose risks to human health and safety, thereby reducing workplace accidents and injuries.2.5 Increased FlexibilityAutomated systems can be easily reprogrammed to adapt to changing production requirements. This flexibility allows manufacturers to respond quickly to market demands, introduce new products, and customize production processes.Section 3: Challenges in Implementing Automation3.1 Initial InvestmentImplementing automation requires substantial capital investment for purchasing and integrating machinery, software, and training. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) may face financial constraints in adopting automation technologies.3.2 Workforce AdaptationAutomation may lead to job displacement, as certain tasks previously performed by humans are now handled by machines. Companies need to provide training and re-skilling opportunities to ensure a smooth transition for their workforce.3.3 Technical ComplexityAutomation systems often involve complex integration of various technologies, such as robotics, artificial intelligence, and data analytics. Companies must have skilled personnel capable of managing and maintaining these systems effectively.Section 4: Future Trends in Automation4.1 Collaborative RobotsCollaborative robots, also known as cobots, are designed to work alongside humans, assisting them in tasks that require precision and strength. These robots can improve productivity and safety by working in close proximity to humans without the need for extensive safety measures.4.2 Internet of Things (IoT) IntegrationThe integration of automation systems with the Internet of Things allows for real-time monitoring and control of manufacturing processes. IoT enables seamless communication between machines, sensors, and data analytics platforms, leading to predictive maintenance and optimized production.4.3 Artificial Intelligence (AI)AI technologies, such as machine learning and computer vision, enable automation systems to learn and adapt to new situations. AI-powered robots can analyze data, make decisions, and perform complex tasks with minimal human intervention, revolutionizing the manufacturing industry.Conclusion:Automation has become an integral part of the manufacturing industry, offering numerous benefits such as increased productivity, enhanced quality control, cost reduction, improved workplace safety, and increased flexibility. While challenges exist, such as initial investment and workforce adaptation, the future of automation looks promising with the emergence of collaborative robots, IoT integration, and artificial intelligence. Embracing automation technologies will undoubtedly pave the way for a more efficient and competitive manufacturing sector.Translation:自动化在创造业中的应用:概述简介:自动化在创造业中扮演着重要的角色,革新了生产过程,提高了效率。
自动化专业的英语
自动化专业的英语自动化专业是一个涵盖广泛的领域,涉及到机械、电子、计算机、控制等多个学科,是现代工业和科技的重要支撑。
随着全球经济的发展和技术的进步,自动化专业的需求不断增加,成为了许多国家的战略性产业。
因此,掌握自动化专业的英语无疑是非常重要的。
一、自动化专业的英语词汇自动化专业的英语词汇包括了很多专业术语,例如:1. Automation:自动化2. Control system:控制系统3. Sensor:传感器4. Actuator:执行器5. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC):可编程逻辑控制器6. Human-Machine Interface (HMI):人机界面7. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA):监控与数据采集系统8. Distributed Control System (DCS):分布式控制系统9. Robotics:机器人学10. Artificial Intelligence (AI):人工智能以上只是自动化专业中的一小部分英语词汇,学习者需要掌握更多的专业术语,以便更好地理解和应用。
二、自动化专业的英语文献自动化专业的英语文献包括了大量的学术论文、技术报告、标准规范等,这些文献是学习和掌握自动化专业英语的重要资源。
例如: 1. 'Design and Implementation of a Control System for a Mobile Robot':一个移动机器人控制系统的设计与实现2. 'Application of Artificial Intelligence in Industrial Automation':人工智能在工业自动化中的应用3. 'Development of a Supervisory Control System for a Thermal Power Plant':热电厂监控系统的开发4. 'Design and Simulation of a Control System for a Quadrotor UAV':四旋翼无人机控制系统的设计和仿真5. 'Standard for Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)':可编程逻辑控制器标准规范以上文献涵盖了自动化专业中的不同领域和应用,学习者可以通过阅读和研究这些文献,提高自己的英语水平和专业知识。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍Introduction to Electrical Engineering and its Automation Major1. IntroductionElectrical Engineering and its Automation is a specialized field that combines principles of electrical engineering with automation technology. This major focuses on the design, analysis, and application of electrical systems and automation techniques in various industries. In this introduction, we will provide a detailed overview of the key aspects, courses, and career opportunities in this field.2. Key Aspects2.1 Electrical EngineeringElectrical Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It involves the design, analysis, and implementation of electrical systems, circuits, and devices. Electrical engineers work on a wide range of projects, including power generation and distribution, telecommunications, control systems, and electronic devices.2.2 Automation TechnologyAutomation Technology focuses on the development and implementation of systems that can operate and control various processes without human intervention. It involves the use of sensors, actuators, and control systems to monitor and control the operation of machines and processes. Automation technology is widely used in industries such as manufacturing, transportation, and energy.3. Courses3.1 Fundamentals of Electrical EngineeringThis course provides an introduction to the basic principles and concepts of electrical engineering. Topics covered include circuit analysis, electromagnetism, digital logic, andpower systems. Students will learn how to analyze and design electrical circuits and systems.3.2 Control SystemsControl Systems is a course that focuses on the principles and techniques used in the design and analysis of control systems. Topics covered include feedback control, system modeling, stability analysis, and controller design. Students will learn how to design and implement control systems for various applications.3.3 Power ElectronicsPower Electronics is a course that deals with the study of electronic devices and circuits used for the conversion and control of electrical power. Topics covered include power semiconductor devices, DC-DC converters, AC-DC converters, and motor drives. Students will learn how to design and analyze power electronic circuits.3.4 Industrial AutomationIndustrial Automation is a course that introduces students to the principles and techniques used in the automation of industrial processes. Topics covered include programmable logic controllers (PLCs), human-machine interfaces (HMIs), and industrial networks. Students will learn how to program and control automated systems.4. Career Opportunities4.1 Electrical EngineerGraduates with a degree in Electrical Engineering and its Automation can pursue a career as an electrical engineer. They can work in various industries, including power generation, telecommunications, manufacturing, and transportation. Electrical engineers are responsible for designing, testing, and maintaining electrical systems and equipment.4.2 Automation EngineerAutomation engineers specialize in designing, implementing, and maintaining automated systems and processes. They work in industries such as manufacturing,chemical, and automotive. Automation engineers are responsible for programming and troubleshooting control systems, ensuring the efficient operation of automated processes.4.3 Control Systems EngineerControl systems engineers work on the design and implementation of control systems for various applications. They can work in industries such as aerospace, robotics, and energy. Control systems engineers are responsible for designing and optimizing control algorithms, ensuring the stability and performance of control systems.4.4 Research and DevelopmentGraduates with a degree in Electrical Engineering and its Automation can also pursue a career in research and development. They can work in research institutions or industrial laboratories, conducting research on new technologies and developing innovative solutions for electrical and automation systems.5. ConclusionIn conclusion, Electrical Engineering and its Automation is a specialized field that combines the principles of electrical engineering with automation technology. This major offers a wide range of courses that cover the fundamentals of electrical engineering, control systems, power electronics, and industrial automation. Graduates in this field can pursue careers as electrical engineers, automation engineers, control systems engineers, or engage in research and development. The field of electrical engineering and its automation offers exciting opportunities for innovation and technological advancement.。
自动化专业英语词汇表
自动化专业英语词汇表自动化专业是应用一系列科学技术和方法,通过使用自动控制系统和自动装置,使生产过程自动进行的一门学科。
在这个专业中经常会遇到一些与自动化相关的英语词汇,下面是一个自动化专业英语词汇表,供大家参考。
一、控制系统相关词汇1.1 控制系统 - Control System1.2 自动控制 - Automatic Control1.3 反馈控制 - Feedback Control1.4 前馈控制 - Feedforward Control1.5 PID控制 - PID Control1.6 闭环控制 - Closed-loop Control1.7 开环控制 - Open-loop Control1.8 控制器 - Controller1.9 传感器 - Sensor1.10 执行器 - Actuator1.11 控制信号 - Control Signal1.12 输出信号 - Output Signal1.13 输入信号 - Input Signal1.14 控制策略 - Control Strategy1.15 控制精度 - Control Accuracy二、自动化设备相关词汇2.1 自动装置 - Automatic Device 2.2 自动机械 - Automated Machinery 2.3 机器人 - Robot2.4 运动控制 - Motion Control2.5 伺服系统 - Servo System2.6 步进电机 - Stepper Motor2.7 传动装置 - Transmission Device 2.8 传动比 - Gear Ratio2.9 电气驱动 - Electrical Drive2.10 液压驱动 - Hydraulic Drive2.11 气动驱动 - Pneumatic Drive 2.12 PLC程序 - PLC Program2.13 HMI界面 - HMI Interface2.14 人机交互 - Human-Machine Interaction2.15 自动化线 - Automation Line三、控制算法相关词汇3.1 模糊控制 - Fuzzy Control3.2 神经网络控制 - Neural Network Control 3.3 遗传算法 - Genetic Algorithm3.4 自适应控制 - Adaptive Control3.5 模型预测控制 - Model Predictive Control 3.6 最优控制 - Optimal Control3.7 鲁棒控制 - Robust Control3.8 软件开发 - Software Development3.9 编程语言 - Programming Language3.10 程序调试 - Program Debugging3.11 系统优化 - System Optimization3.12 数据采集 - Data Acquisition3.13 实时控制 - Real-time Control3.14 开发工具 - Development Tool3.15 算法设计 - Algorithm Design四、自动化监控相关词汇4.1 监控系统 - Monitoring System 4.2 故障诊断 - Fault Diagnosis4.3 警报系统 - Alarm System4.4 远程监控 - Remote Monitoring 4.5 数据分析 - Data Analysis4.6 数据可视化 - Data Visualization 4.7 运行状态 - Operating Status4.8 故障报警 - Fault Alarm4.9 监控设备 - Monitoring Equipment 4.10 实时监测 - Real-time Monitoring 4.11 数据记录 - Data Logging4.12 故障排除 - Trouble Shooting 4.13 监测指标 - Monitoring Index 4.14 运行参数 - Operating Parameters 4.15 监测报告 - Monitoring Report总结:以上是自动化专业英语词汇表,涵盖了控制系统、自动化设备、算法和监控等多个方面的词汇。
自动化专业英语(翻译)P4U2教学课件
KT G( s ) s 1
或
KT G(s) 2 s 2s 1
P4U2B Final Control Elements and Controllers 第四部分第二单元课文B 终端控制元件和控制器
B 终端控制元件和控制器
1. 课文内容简介:形象地介绍《过程控制系统》中控制 阀、反馈控制器的功能和作用,通过换热器和液位控制 的例子,生动地解释了“无信号则关”、“无信号则 开”、正反馈、负反馈等非常重要的控制概念。 2. 温习《过程控制系统》中有关调节阀的内容。 3. 生词与短语
0 0
0.1 0.2
0.5 1.0
0.75 1.50
1.0 2.0
P4U2A
Sensors and Transmitters
第四部分第二单元课文A
传感器和变送器
因此,实际上增益在零到两倍标称增益间变化。 在流体控制系统中这就造成了非线性。目前,大多数生产厂 家均提供产生潜入变送器的嵌入式开方器的微分压力热敏电阻。 大多数传感器/变送器的动态响应比过程快,因此,时间常 数和空载时间经常被忽略,从而传递函数有纯增益给出。然而, 当考虑动态特性时,一次或二次系统的仪表传递函数通常表示为
throttle v. 调节(阀门),用(阀门)调节 fail-closed (FC) adj. 无信号则关的
P4U2B Final Control Elements and Controllers 第四部分第二单元课文B 终端控制元件和控制器
fail-open (FO) adj. 无信号则开的 air-to-open (AO) adj. 气开的 air-to-close (AC) adj. 气关的 polymer n. 聚合物 hot exchanger 热交换器
自动化专业英语原文和翻译
自动化专业英语原文和翻译Automatic Control EngineeringIntroduction:Automatic Control Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the design, analysis, and implementation of control systems. It combines principles from various fields such as mathematics, physics, and computer science to develop systems that can automatically regulate and control processes.1. Importance of Automatic Control Engineering:Automatic control systems play a crucial role in various industries and applications. They are used in manufacturing processes, robotics, aerospace, automotive, energy systems, and many other fields. The main objective of automatic control engineering is to ensure that systems operate efficiently, reliably, and safely.2. Basic Concepts in Automatic Control Engineering:2.1 Feedback Control:Feedback control is a fundamental concept in automatic control engineering. It involves continuously monitoring the output of a system and comparing it to a desired reference value. Any difference, known as an error, is used to adjust the system's input and bring the output closer to the desired value. This closed-loop control system helps maintain stability and accuracy in various applications.2.2 Control Systems:Control systems are designed to manage and regulate the behavior of dynamic systems. They consist of three main components: a sensor or measurement device, a controller, and an actuator. The sensor measures the system's output, which is then compared to the desired reference value. The controller processes this information and generates a control signal that is sent to the actuator, which adjusts the system's input.2.3 Types of Control Systems:There are different types of control systems used in automatic control engineering:2.3.1 Open-loop Control Systems:Open-loop control systems do not have feedback. The control action is predetermined and does not depend on the system's output. These systems are simple and used in applications where accuracy is not critical.2.3.2 Closed-loop Control Systems:Closed-loop control systems, also known as feedback control systems, continuously monitor the system's output and adjust the input accordingly. They are more complex but provide better accuracy and stability compared to open-loop systems.2.3.3 Digital Control Systems:Digital control systems use digital computers or microprocessors to implement control algorithms. They offer flexibility, ease of implementation, and advanced control techniques compared to analog control systems.2.3.4 Adaptive Control Systems:Adaptive control systems have the ability to adjust their parameters based on changes in the system or its environment. They are used in applications where the system's dynamics may vary over time.3. Applications of Automatic Control Engineering:3.1 Industrial Automation:Automatic control engineering plays a vital role in industrial automation. It is used to control and optimize manufacturing processes, ensuring consistent quality, high productivity, and reduced costs. Examples include control systems for chemical plants, power generation, and assembly lines.3.2 Robotics:Robotic systems heavily rely on automatic control engineering. Control algorithms are used to coordinate the movement and actions of robots in various applications, such as manufacturing, healthcare, and exploration.3.3 Aerospace and Automotive:Automatic control systems are crucial in aerospace and automotive industries. They are used in flight control systems, autopilots, engine control, and vehicle stability control systems. These systems ensure safe and efficient operation of aircraft and vehicles.3.4 Energy Systems:Automatic control engineering is essential in energy systems, including power generation and distribution. Control systems are used to regulate power plants, grid stability, and renewable energy sources.4. Challenges and Future Trends:4.1 Cybersecurity:As control systems become more interconnected and reliant on digital technologies, ensuring cybersecurity is a significant challenge. Protecting control systems from cyber threats and unauthorized access is crucial to maintain the integrity and safety of critical infrastructure.4.2 Intelligent Control:The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques into control systems is a growing trend. Intelligent control systems can adapt, learn, and optimize their performance based on data and real-time conditions.4.3 Networked Control Systems:Networked control systems enable the integration and coordination of multiple control systems over a network. This allows for distributed control, improved scalability, and remote monitoring and operation.4.4 Sustainable Control Systems:With the increasing focus on sustainability, automatic control engineering is also evolving to develop control systems that optimize energy consumption, reduce waste, and minimize environmental impact.Conclusion:Automatic Control Engineering plays a vital role in various industries and applications. It ensures the efficient, reliable, and safe operation of systems through the design, analysis, and implementation of control systems. As technology advances, the field continues to evolve, incorporating intelligent control, networked systems, and sustainability to meet the challenges of the future.。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍
电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍Introduction:Electrical Engineering and its Automation is a specialized field that combines principles of electrical engineering and automation. This article aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to this field, covering its various aspects and significance.I. Overview of Electrical Engineering and its Automation:1.1 Definition and Scope:- Electrical Engineering and its Automation involves the study and application of electrical systems, devices, and automation techniques.- It encompasses a wide range of areas, including power systems, control systems, electronics, telecommunications, and robotics.1.2 Importance and Applications:- Electrical Engineering and its Automation play a crucial role in various industries such as power generation, manufacturing, telecommunications, and transportation.- It is responsible for designing, implementing, and maintaining electrical systems, automation processes, and control systems.- It contributes to advancements in renewable energy, smart grids, robotics, and artificial intelligence.1.3 Career Opportunities:- Graduates in Electrical Engineering and its Automation have diverse career prospects, including working as electrical engineers, automation engineers, control system engineers, and power system engineers.- They can find employment in industries such as power generation companies, manufacturing firms, telecommunications companies, and research and development organizations.II. Key Areas of Study:2.1 Power Systems:- Power systems focus on the generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical energy.- Students learn about power generation technologies, power system analysis, power electronics, and renewable energy sources.- They also study power system protection, control, and optimization techniques.2.2 Control Systems:- Control systems involve the design and analysis of systems that regulate and control processes.- Students learn about feedback control, system modeling, stability analysis, and optimization techniques.- They also study industrial automation, robotics, and mechatronics, which involve the integration of electrical, mechanical, and computer engineering.2.3 Electronics and Telecommunications:- This area focuses on the design and development of electronic circuits, devices, and communication systems.- Students learn about analog and digital electronics, integrated circuits, signal processing, and communication networks.- They also study wireless communication, satellite systems, and optical communication.III. Skills and Competencies:3.1 Technical Skills:- Graduates in Electrical Engineering and its Automation possess strong technical skills in electrical circuit analysis, power system design, control system design, and electronics.- They are proficient in using software tools such as MATLAB, Simulink, and CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software.- They have a solid understanding of programming languages such as C, C++, and Python.3.2 Problem-Solving Abilities:- Electrical engineers are trained to analyze complex problems and develop innovative solutions.- They have the ability to troubleshoot electrical and automation systems and identify and rectify faults.- They can apply mathematical and analytical skills to optimize system performance.3.3 Communication and Teamwork:- Effective communication and teamwork are essential skills in the field of Electrical Engineering and its Automation.- Engineers need to collaborate with colleagues, clients, and stakeholders to design and implement projects successfully.- They should be able to present their ideas and findings clearly and concisely.IV. Research and Innovation:4.1 Research Opportunities:- Electrical Engineering and its Automation offer numerous research opportunities in areas such as renewable energy, smart grids, and automation.- Researchers can contribute to the development of sustainable energy systems, intelligent control algorithms, and advanced automation technologies.4.2 Innovation and Development:- The field of Electrical Engineering and its Automation is driven by innovation and technological advancements.- Engineers are constantly developing new technologies, devices, and systems to improve efficiency, reliability, and sustainability.- Innovation in this field has led to the emergence of smart homes, electric vehicles, and advanced robotics.4.3 Collaboration and Partnerships:- Collaboration between academia, industry, and research institutions is crucial for promoting innovation in Electrical Engineering and its Automation.- Collaborative projects and partnerships facilitate the exchange of knowledge, resources, and expertise, leading to groundbreaking advancements.V. Future Trends and Challenges:5.1 Emerging Technologies:- Electrical Engineering and its Automation are witnessing rapid advancements in technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), and renewable energy systems.- These technologies offer new possibilities for automation, energy efficiency, and intelligent control.5.2 Sustainability and Energy Efficiency:- With the increasing focus on sustainability, Electrical Engineering and its Automation are playing a vital role in developing energy-efficient systems and renewable energy sources.- Engineers are working towards creating smart grids, energy storage systems, and optimizing power consumption.5.3 Cybersecurity and Data Privacy:- As automation and digitalization increase, the field faces challenges related to cybersecurity and data privacy.- Electrical engineers need to develop secure systems and protocols to protect critical infrastructure and ensure data privacy.Conclusion:Electrical Engineering and its Automation is a dynamic and interdisciplinary field that offers diverse career opportunities and contributes to technological advancements. It encompasses areas such as power systems, control systems, electronics, and telecommunications. With the rapid pace of innovation and emerging technologies, this field is poised for significant growth and will continue to shape the future of various industries.。
自动化专业常用英语词汇
自动化专业常用英语词汇Title: Common English Vocabulary for Automation ProfessionalsIntroduction:As an automation professional, it is essential to have a good grasp of English vocabulary related to your field. This article will provide an overview of common English terms used in the automation industry, helping you communicate effectively with colleagues and clients.1. Automation Basics1.1 Sensors: Devices that detect changes in physical properties and convert them into electrical signals.1.2 Actuators: Components that convert electrical signals into physical actions, such as moving a valve or turning a motor.1.3 PLC (Programmable Logic Controller): A digital computer used for controlling automated processes or machinery.2. Control Systems2.1 PID Controller: A type of feedback controller that calculates an error value as the difference between a desired setpoint and a measured process variable.2.2 HMI (Human-Machine Interface): A user interface that allows operators to interact with machines or systems.2.3 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition): Software used for monitoring and controlling industrial processes in real-time.3. Industrial Communication3.1 Ethernet/IP: A communication protocol commonly used in industrial automation for connecting devices on a network.3.2 Modbus: A serial communication protocol used for connecting electronic devices in industrial automation.3.3 OPC (OLE for Process Control): A standard interface for connecting different automation devices and software applications.4. Robotics4.1 End-Effector: The tool or device attached to the end of a robotic arm to perform a specific task.4.2 AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle): A mobile robot used for material handling in warehouses or manufacturing facilities.4.3 Cobots: Collaborative robots designed to work alongside humans in a shared workspace.5. Industry 4.05.1 IoT (Internet of Things): The network of physical devices embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity to exchange data.5.2 AI (Artificial Intelligence): The simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, including learning, reasoning, and self-correction.5.3 Digital Twin: A virtual representation of a physical object or system that allows for real-time monitoring and analysis.Conclusion:By familiarizing yourself with these common English vocabulary terms in the automation industry, you will be better equipped to communicate effectively with colleagues, clients, and industry professionals. Keep expanding your knowledge and stay up-to-date with the latest trends and developments in the field to excel in your career as an automation professional.。
自动化专业英语
自动化专业英语自动化专业英语是指在自动化领域中使用英语进行交流和表达的专业英语。
自动化是一门综合性学科,涉及到机械、电子、计算机、控制等多个领域,因此在专业英语中需要掌握相关的词汇、表达方式和专业知识。
一、自动化专业英语词汇1. Automation(自动化):The technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a system operate automatically.2. Control system(控制系统):A system that manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems.3. Programmable logic controller (PLC)(可编程逻辑控制器):A digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes.4. Sensor(传感器):A device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment.5. Actuator(执行器):A component of a machine that is responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism.6. Feedback(反馈):The process of returning part of the output of a system to its input.7. Process control(过程控制):A system that uses sensors and feedback to automatically adjust the operation of a process.8. Industrial robot(工业机器人):A robot system used for manufacturing, assembly, or material handling tasks.9. Human-machine interface (HMI)(人机界面):The point of interaction between a human operator and a machine.10. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)(监控与数据采集系统):A system for remote monitoring and control of industrial processes.二、自动化专业英语表达方式1. Describing a process(描述过程):To begin with, the raw materials are fed into the production line. Then, the sensors detect the input and send signals to the control system. The control system processes the signals and adjusts the parameters of the actuators accordingly. This ensures that the production process is carried out smoothly and efficiently.2. Explaining a control system(解释控制系统):A control system consists of several components, including sensors, actuators, and a programmable logic controller (PLC). The sensors detect the input from the environment and send signals to the PLC. The PLC processes the signals and sends commands to the actuators. The actuators then move or control the mechanism based on the commands received. This allows the control system to regulate and maintain the desired behavior of the system.3. Discussing the importance of automation(讨论自动化的重要性):Automation plays a crucial role in various industries. It improves efficiency, reduces human error, and increases productivity. By automating repetitive tasks, companies can save time and resources. Moreover, automation enables real-time monitoring and controlof processes, leading to better quality control and higher safety levels. In addition, automation allows for flexibility and scalability, as systems can be easily reprogrammedor reconfigured to adapt to changing requirements.4. Presenting the benefits of using industrial robots(介绍使用工业机器人的好处):Industrial robots have revolutionized manufacturing processes. They can perform repetitive tasks with high precision and speed, resulting in increased productivity.Furthermore, robots can operate in hazardous environments, reducing the risk to human workers. With their ability to handle heavy loads and work for extended periods, robots contribute to cost savings and improved efficiency. Additionally, robots can be programmed to perform complex tasks, such as assembly or welding, with minimal errors.三、自动化专业英语专业知识1. PID control(PID控制):A control technique used in feedback control systems. It calculates an error value as the difference between the desired setpoint and the measured process variable. The control algorithm adjusts the output based on proportional, integral, and derivative terms to minimize the error and achieve stable control.2. Robotics(机器人技术):The branch of engineering and science that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots. It encompasses mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, and artificial intelligence.3. PLC programming(PLC编程):The process of creating a set of instructions for a programmable logic controller. It involves defining input and output signals, designing the control logic, and implementing the desired functionality.4. HMI design(人机界面设计):The process of creating an interface between a human operator and a machine. It involves designing user-friendly screens, buttons, and menus to facilitate interaction and control.5. SCADA system architecture(SCADA系统架构):The structure and components of a supervisory control and data acquisition system. It typically consists of a human-machine interface, remote terminal units, communication networks, and a central control station.以上是关于自动化专业英语的标准格式文本,涵盖了词汇、表达方式和专业知识。
自动化专业英语教程
自动化专业英语教程Automatic Control Engineering English CourseUnit 1: Introduction to Automatic Control Engineering1.1 Introduction to Automatic Control EngineeringAutomatic Control Engineering is a branch of engineeringthat deals with the design, construction, and operation ofcontrol systems. These control systems are used to regulate and manipulate the behavior of dynamic systems. In this course, wewill learn about the fundamental principles and techniques usedin Automatic Control Engineering.1.2 Control Systems1.3 Feedback Control SystemsUnit 2: Modeling and Analysis of Control Systems2.1 System ModelingSystem modeling is the process of representing a physical system in terms of mathematical equations. It allows us to analyze and design control systems using mathematical techniques. This unit will cover various methods of system modeling.2.2 Transfer FunctionsTransfer functions are a mathematical representation of the relationship between the input and output of a system. They areused to analyze the stability, transient response, and frequency response of control systems. In this unit, we will learn how to derive and use transfer functions.2.3 Block DiagramsUnit 3: Control System Design3.1 Classical Control DesignClassical control design refers to the design of control systems using classical control theory. This theory is based on the principles of proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) control. It provides simple and intuitive methods for designing control systems.3.2 PID Control3.3 State-Space Control DesignState-space control design is a modern approach to control system design. It represents the system in terms of state variables and uses linear algebra and matrix theory to design controllers. State-space control design provides moreflexibility and control over the system's behavior.Unit 4: Digital Control Systems4.1 Introduction to Digital Control Systems4.2 Discrete-Time Systems4.3 Digital Controller DesignUnit 5: Advanced Topics in Automatic Control Engineering5.1 Robust ControlRobust control is a control design approach that takes into account uncertainties and variations in system parameters. It aims to design controllers that can maintain acceptable performance even in the presence of uncertainties. In this unit, we will learn about robust control techniques.5.2 Nonlinear ControlNonlinear control deals with the control of dynamic systems with nonlinear behavior. It requires advanced techniques such as Lyapunov stability analysis, sliding mode control, and adaptive control. This unit will provide an introduction to nonlinear control.5.3 Intelligent ControlConclusion。
自动化课程英文描述
自动化课程英文描述Title: English Description of Automation CourseIntroduction:In recent years, automation has become an essential part of various industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, and finance. As the demand for automation professionals continues to grow, it is important to have a clear and concise English description of automation courses to attract students and professionals interested in this field.1. Course Overview1.1 The automation course provides students with a comprehensive understanding of automation technologies and their applications in various industries.1.2 Students will learn about the principles of automation, including sensors, actuators, control systems, and programming languages.1.3 The course will cover topics such as industrial automation, robotic systems, PLC programming, and SCADA systems.2. Learning Objectives2.1 Upon completion of the course, students will be able to design and implement automated systems for different industrial processes.2.2 Students will gain hands-on experience in programming PLCs, configuring robotic systems, and designing control systems.2.3 The course will equip students with the necessary skills to troubleshoot and maintain automated systems effectively.3. Course Structure3.1 The course consists of lectures, practical lab sessions, and projects to provide a well-rounded learning experience.3.2 Students will have the opportunity to work on real-world automation projects to apply their knowledge and skills.3.3 The course will also include guest lectures from industry experts to provide insights into the latest trends and technologies in the field of automation.4. Prerequisites4.1 Students enrolling in the automation course should have a basic understanding of electrical engineering and programming concepts.4.2 It is recommended for students to have prior knowledge of PLC programming, robotics, and control systems.4.3 Proficiency in English is essential for understanding the course materials and communicating effectively with instructors and peers.5. Career Opportunities5.1 Graduates of the automation course will have a wide range of career opportunities in industries such as manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, and healthcare.5.2 Job roles for automation professionals include automation engineer, control systems engineer, robotics specialist, and PLC programmer.5.3 With the increasing demand for automation experts, graduates can expect competitive salaries and opportunities for career advancement in the field of automation.Conclusion:In conclusion, the English description of the automation course provides a detailed overview of the course content, learning objectives, structure, prerequisites, and career opportunities for students and professionals interested in pursuing a career in automation.By enrolling in the automation course, students can acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in the rapidly growing field of automation.。
自动化专业英语
自动化专业英语自动化专业英语是指在自动化领域中使用的专业术语和表达方式。
随着自动化技术的不断发展和应用,掌握自动化专业英语已经成为从事自动化工作的人员必备的技能之一。
本文将从不同角度介绍自动化专业英语的重要性及应用。
一、自动化专业英语的重要性1.1 提高工作效率掌握自动化专业英语可以匡助工程师更快地理解和沟通技术要求,提高工作效率,减少沟通误解。
1.2 提升职业竞争力在自动化领域,熟练掌握专业英语可以使个人在职场中更具竞争力,有利于职业发展。
1.3 促进国际合作自动化专业英语是国际通用语言,掌握好专业英语可以促进与国外企业的合作和交流,拓展国际市场。
二、自动化专业英语的应用范围2.1 技术文档在编写和阅读技术文档时,自动化专业英语是必不可少的工具,能够准确表达技术要求和规范。
2.2 会议交流在自动化领域的会议上,使用专业英语能够更清晰地表达自己的观点,促进会议的顺利进行。
2.3 跨国合作在跨国合作项目中,自动化专业英语是桥梁和纽带,能够促进不同国家之间的合作与沟通。
三、自动化专业英语的学习方法3.1 多阅读专业文献通过阅读自动化领域的专业文献,可以熟悉常用术语和表达方式,提高专业英语水平。
3.2 参加专业英语培训参加专业英语培训课程,系统学习自动化专业英语的基础知识和应用技巧,提升语言能力。
3.3 练习口语交流通过参加讨论会、演讲比赛等活动,提高自己的口语表达能力,加强与他人的沟通交流。
四、自动化专业英语的发展趋势4.1 术语标准化随着自动化技术的不断发展,自动化专业英语的术语标准化将越来越重要,以便更好地促进国际合作。
4.2 语言智能化未来,自动化专业英语可能会与人工智能技术相结合,实现语言智能化处理和翻译,提高交流效率。
4.3 跨学科融合自动化专业英语将与其他学科的专业英语相互融合,形成更加综合和多样化的专业术语体系。
五、结语自动化专业英语是自动化领域从业人员必备的重要技能,掌握好专业英语可以提高工作效率、拓展职业发展机会,促进国际合作。
自动化专业常用英语词汇
自动化专业常用英语词汇引言概述:自动化专业是现代工程技术领域中的一个重要分支,涉及到工业自动化、机器人技术、控制系统等多个方面。
在学习和实践中,掌握一些常用的英语词汇是非常重要的。
本文将介绍自动化专业中常用的英语词汇,以帮助读者更好地理解和应用这一领域的知识。
一、工业自动化(Industrial Automation)1.1 自动控制(Automatic Control):通过使用控制系统和设备,实现对工业生产过程中各种参数的自动监测和调节。
1.2 传感器(Sensor):用于感知环境中各种物理量或化学量的设备,将感知到的信息转化为可用的电信号。
1.3 执行器(Actuator):根据控制信号,将能量转化为机械运动或其他形式的工作输出。
二、机器人技术(Robotics)2.1 人工智能(Artificial Intelligence):研究和开发能够模拟人类智能行为的技术和系统。
2.2 机器视觉(Machine Vision):利用摄像机和图像处理技术,使机器能够感知、理解和处理视觉信息。
2.3 运动控制(Motion Control):控制机器人或其他自动化设备的运动轨迹和速度的技术和方法。
三、控制系统(Control Systems)3.1 PID控制(Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control):一种常用的控制算法,通过比较实际值和目标值的差异,调整控制器的输出信号。
3.2 反馈控制(Feedback Control):根据系统输出的反馈信息,对控制器的输出信号进行调整,以实现系统的稳定和优化。
3.3 开环控制(Open-Loop Control):控制器的输出不受系统状态的反馈影响,仅通过预先设定的控制信号进行操作。
四、自动化软件(Automation Software)4.1 PLC编程(Programmable Logic Controller Programming):使用可编程逻辑控制器进行自动化控制系统的编程。
自动化专业英语
自动化专业英语引言概述:自动化专业英语是指在自动化领域中使用的专业英语术语和表达方式。
随着自动化技术的不断发展和应用,掌握专业英语对于从事自动化工作的人员来说至关重要。
本文将从自动化专业英语的基本概念、常用术语、技术原理、应用领域和发展趋势等方面进行详细介绍。
一、基本概念1.1 自动化:指利用自动控制设备和技术,实现对生产、制造、加工等过程的自动化操作和控制。
1.2 专业英语:是指在特定领域中使用的专门术语和表达方式,具有一定的专业性和规范性。
1.3 自动化专业英语:是指在自动化领域中使用的专业英语术语和表达方式,涵盖了自动化技术、设备、系统等方面的专业名词和表达方式。
二、常用术语2.1 PLC(Programmable Logic Controller):可编程逻辑控制器,是一种用于工业控制系统中的数字计算机。
2.2 HMI(Human Machine Interface):人机界面,是人与机器之间进行信息交互的界面。
2.3 SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition):监控与数据采集系统,用于实时监控和控制工业过程。
三、技术原理3.1 控制系统:包括传感器、执行器、控制器等组成,用于实现对设备和过程的控制。
3.2 自动化算法:是指利用计算机和控制理论,设计和实现自动化控制系统的算法和程序。
3.3 通信协议:用于设备之间进行通信和数据交换的规范和标准,如Modbus、Profibus等。
四、应用领域4.1 工业自动化:包括生产线自动化、机器人应用、智能仓储等领域。
4.2 智能家居:通过自动化技术实现家居设备的智能控制和管理。
4.3 智能交通:利用自动化技术提升交通系统的效率和安全性,如智能交通信号灯、车辆自动驾驶等。
五、发展趋势5.1 人工智能与自动化的融合:人工智能技术的发展将进一步推动自动化技术的发展。
5.2 云计算与物联网技术的应用:云计算和物联网技术的发展将为自动化系统提供更强大的支持。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
或
控制的过程要求。
控制阀或其他终端控制元件的作用。
两个条件必须均考虑。读者会自问,平面控制器的正确作用是否是运用气关(AC)阀门或用入口流量代替出口流量来控制平面。在第一种情况下控制阀作用变化,而在第二种情况下,控制阀作用是控制变化的过程要求。
控制器作用通常被设置为气动或电子控制器方面的开关,或大多数基于微处理器的控制器方面的配置位。
如前所述,想让蒸汽阀到达最安全的情况。看上去最安全的情况可能是使蒸汽流停止的位置;也就是说,在不安全的操作中,不希望有蒸汽流过,这就意味着应该指定出故障时自动关闭的阀门。在决定中,我们并没有考虑关闭阀门后不能加热流体的后果。在某些情况下,可能不会有什么问题,然而,在另一些情况下,就不得不考虑。另一个例子,考虑一个气体是维持某种聚合物温度的例子。如果蒸汽阀门关闭,在交换器中温度将下降,聚合物可能固化。在此例中,可能希望无信号则开阀门提供最安全的情况。
存在与传感器/变送器组合元件相关的三个重要术语。通过测量的过程变量的高低数值来设定仪表的范围。也就是说,可以考虑使用标有刻度的压力传感器/变送器来测量20表压到50表压
间的过程压力。我们可以说,传感器/变送器组合元件的范围是20~50表压,仪表的测量范围与高低压数值间的范围是不同的。上述的压力仪表测量范围是30表压。总之,我们必须明确高低数值来限定仪表的范围,也就是说,两个数值必须给出,仪表的测量范围与两个数值间的范围是不同的。最后确定,低压数值作为仪表的零点。仪表的零点并不一定就是零,上述例子中,仪表的零点是20表压。
考虑如图4-2B-2所示的平面控制回路。如果液面超过参考点,控制器必须打开阀门使液面返回到参考点(看表中箭头)。为做到这一点,控制器必须被设置为正作用,也就是说,在控制器的输入信号加一增量,那么控制器的输出信号会产生一增量。
总之,为确定控制器的作用,工程师必须了解:
A 传感器和变送器
在第一单元中,我们了解了控制系统的四个基本元件是传感器、变送器、控制器和终端控制元件。我们也知道了这些元件执行每一个控制系统的三个基本操作:测量(M)、设定(D)和执行(A)。本部分随着控制器较详细的研究,简单介绍一下传感器和变送器。
传感器和变送器执行的是控制系统的测量(M)操作。传感器产生一个机械的或与测量的过程变量相关的类似的现象。反过来,变送器把这一现象转换为可以传递的信号。因此,信号与过程变量相关。
注意,这一点很重要,在此例中仅仅考虑了热交换器周围的安全情况,这并不一定是最安全的全局操作,也就是说,工程师应从整个工厂着眼,而不是仅注意某一台设备。必须看到对蒸汽和过程流流过的热交换器和其他设备的影响。再说一遍,必须考虑整个工厂的安全。
反馈控制器
此部分介绍最重要的工业控制器。强调了其参数的物理意义,旨在理解其如何工作。此介绍对于气动电子控制器和大多数基于微处理器的控制器均适用。
B 终端控制元件和控制器
控制阀
控制阀是最普遍的终端控制元件。在过程工厂中,控制阀被用于操纵流量,从而使控制量维持在设定值。在本节中,应用于过程控制的控制阀的许多重要方面被介绍。
在管道过程系统中,控制阀作为可变阻尼,通过改变口的大小来改变流量阻尼和流量本身的大小。控制阀的作用就是调节流量。本部分介绍控制阀的作用(故障条件)、控制阀尺寸和它们的特点。
简单的说,控制器是控制回路的“脑”。如第一单元所述,控制器是控制系统中起决定作用的设备。为了做到这一点,控制器:
比较来自热敏电阻和控制器变量的过程信号和参考点
为了维持控制变量在其参考点,给控制阀或其他任何控制元件发送适当的信号
考虑如图4-2B-1所示的热交换器的控制回路。如果热流的出口温度超过其参考点,控制器必须关闭蒸汽阀。由于阀门是气开(AO)阀,控制器必须降低其输出(气压或电流)信号(看图中箭头)。为了做到这一点,控制器必须设定为反作用。一些生产者把此作用指定为衰减,也就是说,控制器输入信号有一增量,那么控制器的输出信号会产生一减量。
此表达式说明增益不是常量,而是一个时间的函数。流量越大,增益越大。明确的说,
因此,实际上增益在零到两倍标称增益间变化。
在流体控制系统中这就造成了非线性。目前,大多数生产厂家均提供产生潜入变送器的嵌入式开方器的微分压力热敏电阻。
此类阀门将打开,不再节流。大多数的控制阀是气动操作,因此,提供能量的是空气压力。无信号则关的阀门需要能量来打开,因此被指定为“气开”(AO)阀门。需要能量来关闭的无信号则开的阀门被指定为“气关”(AC)阀门。现在举例说明控制阀作用的选择。此例是如图4-2B-1所示的过程。
在此过程中,通过操作到达热交换器的蒸汽流来控制过程流的出口温度。问题是:当空气供应失败时,我们想让蒸汽阀做什么?
考虑的另一个例子是范围在100~300°F的气动温度传感器/热敏电阻。增益为
也就是说,传感器/变送器的增益是输出测量范围与输入测量范围的比率。
上述的两个例子表明传感器/变送器的增益是超过其完全操作范围的常量,大多数传感器/变送器都是这种情况;然而,也有一些象用于测量流的微分压力h传感器不是这种情况的例子。微分压力传感器冷处理孔处的微分压力。微分压力与测定体积流的速率F的平方有关,即 。
其他工业传感器有:压力、流量、温度和水平面。有时候,获得描述传感器/热敏电阻动态性能的参数对于系统分析是很重要的。一旦得知测量间隔,增益即可容易获得。考虑一个范围为0-200表压得电子压力传感器/变送器,增益被定义为输入变化量除以输出变化量或激励函数变化量除以响应变化量。在这种情况下,输出是电子信号(4~20毫安),输入是过程压力(0~200表压),因此
选择控制阀时工程师必须回答的问题是:当能量传递到控制阀时,怎样做能使其失效。此问题涉及到阀门的失效点。回答此问题主要考虑或应该考虑的是可靠性。如果认为出于安全考虑,阀门应该关闭,那么必须指定“无信号则关”(FC)的阀门,另一种可能是“无信号则开”(FO)的阀门,当能量提供失败时,
描述当测量范围为0~Fmaxgpm的测定体积流时,输出信号形式为微分压力热敏电阻的公式为
式中输出信号,毫安
测定体积流
从等式中可知,变送器的增益获得如下:
标称增益为: