高中英语被动语态
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态被动语态是英语语法中的一个重要知识点。
在使用被动语态时,主语是承受者,而动作的执行者则成为谓语的一部分。
这一语法结构在表达特定情况和强调动作承受者时非常有用。
本文将对高中英语中常见的被动语态知识点进行归纳总结。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词“be”(is, am, are, was, were, been)和动词的过去分词构成。
动词的过去分词可根据动词的不同形态进行变化,常见的变化规则包括加“-ed”、改变拼写或使用不规则变化。
二、被动语态的用法1. 描述普遍情况或客观事实:Inventions are made every day.2. 强调动作承受者:The cake was eaten by the children.3. 避免指责或强调行为:Mistakes were made, and lessons were learned.4. 表示不明或未指定的主语:Money was stolen from the bank.三、被动语态的时态被动语态根据需要使用不同的时态。
下面是常见的被动语态时态使用示例:1. 现在时态:The car is washed by my brother every week.2. 过去时态:The letter was sent yesterday.3. 将来时态:The contract will be signed next week.4. 现在进行时态:The house is being built by a group of workers.5. 现在完成时态:The book has been read by many people.四、被动语态与不定式、情态动词的使用1. 被动语态与不定式:The house needs to be repaired.2. 被动语态与情态动词:The project should be completed by tomorrow.五、被动语态的特殊情况1. 特殊疑问句:Where was the bag found?2. 感叹句:How beautifully the song was sung by the singer!3. 含有两个宾语的句子:We were given a gift by our friends.六、被动语态中的常见错误1. 错误的主语:The book is written by Shakespeare.(改为“The book was written by Shakespeare.”)2. 错误的时态:The photos were taken by me last weekend.(改为“The photos have been taken by me.”)通过对高中英语被动语态知识点的归纳总结,我们可以更好地理解和应用被动语态。
高中英语被动语态讲解与练习含标准答案
高中英语被动语态总结一、被动语态的组成形式被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态往常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词组成,be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例,各样时态的被动语态形式为:1)am/is/are+done( 过去分词)一般此刻时2)has/havebeendone 此刻达成时3)am/is/arebeingdone 此刻进行时4)was/weredone 一般过去时5)hadbeendone 过去达成时6)was/werebeingdone 过去进行时7)shall/willbedone 一般未来时8)should/wouldbedone 过去未来时9)shall/willhavebeendone 未来达成时(少用)10)should/wouldhavebeendone 过去未来达成时(少用)2. 被动语态的特别构造形式带神态动词的被动构造。
其形式为:神态动词+be+过去分词。
例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.有些动词能够有两个宾语,在用于被动构造时,能够把主动构造中的一个宾语变成主语,另一宾语仍旧保存在谓语后边。
往常变成主语的是间接宾语。
例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday. 可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构造变成被动语态时,将宾语变成被动构造中的主语,其余不动。
例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette. 可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4)在使役动词have,make,get 以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear, feel,observe等后边不定式作宾语补语时,在主动构造中不定式to要省略,但变成被动构造时,要加to。
高中英语被动语态讲解及练习(含答案)
例The glass is broken.(系表结构)
The glass was broken by the boy.(被动语态)
2.如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态。
7.“outof+名词”结构;表示“超出⋯⋯之外“,常见的有:out of control (控制不了),out of sight(超
出视线之外),out of one’s reach够(不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。
例The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled.)。
据建议。
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.(=The boy is said to have passed the
national exam.)
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它
10)should/would have been done过去将来完成时(少用)
2.被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然
6.在therebe⋯句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形
高中英语被动语态
(三)语态转换时要注意的问题
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时 态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与 新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误)
被 动 : I have been told the sports meet _m__ig__h_t__b_e__p_u__t_o__ff_. 2)主动: We have brought down the price.
被动: The price _h__a_s__b_e_e__n__b_r_o_u__g_h__t_d_o__w__n_.
turn down, work out, turn out 等。
His request was turned down.
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad
.
3. 在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都 不带 to,但改成被动语态后都带to。
The patient is being operated on.
The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
(2)及物动词+ 副词:如:bring about, carry out, find out, give up,
高中英语被动语态总结
高中英语被动语态总结一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时2)has /have been done 现在完成时3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时4)was/were done 一般过去时5)had been done 过去完成时6)was/were being done 过去进行时7)shall/will be done 一般将来时8)should/would be done 过去将来时9)shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)10)should/would have been done 过去将来完成时(少用)( 带情态动词的被动结构,其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。
)二、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例This kind of cloth washes well.注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:The door won't lock.(指门本身有毛病)The door won't be locked.(指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
高中英语被动语态总结
高中英语被动语态总结各时态被动语态:1,一般现在时:am,is,are+动词过去分词例如:The ball is played ,every day 这个球每天被踢2,一般过去时:was,were+动词过去分词The ball was played ,yesterday 这个球昨天被踢3,一般将来时:will be +动词过去分词,be (am ,is,are)going to be +动词过分The ball will be played ,tomorrow 这个球明天将会被踢The ball is going to be played ,tomorrow 这个球明天将会被踢4,现在进行时:am,is,are +being +动词过去分词The ball is being played ,now 这个球正在被踢5,过去进行时:was,were,+being playedThe ball was being played at ten yesterday 这个球昨天晚上10点正在被踢6,现在完成时:have,has been +动词过去分词The ball has been played two hours 这个球已经被踢了两个小时7,过去完成时:had been +动词过去分词The ball had been played two hours ,by the time you got here 在你到达这里之前,这个球已经被踢了两个小时了。
8,将来完成时:will have been +动词过分The ball will have been played two days ,by ten tomorrow evening 到明天晚上10点之前,这个球已经被踢了两个小时了。
注意:1.不及物动词及不及物的动词短语不能用于被动语态。
2.某些感官动词或系动词可加形容词表示被动意义,如:look,taste,smell,feel等。
高中英语知识点归纳动词的被动语态
高中英语知识点归纳动词的被动语态动词的被动语态是英语中一种常见的语法结构,在高中英语学习中占据重要的位置。
掌握被动语态的使用方法和相关知识点,对于正确理解和运用英语语法是非常关键的。
本文将对高中英语中动词的被动语态进行归纳总结,帮助学生更好地掌握和运用这一语法结构。
I. 被动语态的基本形式被动语态由"be"动词的不同时态形式加上动词的过去分词构成。
其中,被动语态的时态与主动语态保持一致,只是谓语动词的形式发生了变化。
例如:1. 一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are + 过去分词(例句:The book is read by Tom. 这本书被汤姆读了。
)2. 一般过去时的被动语态:was/were + 过去分词(例句:The letter was written by John. 这封信是约翰写的。
)3. 一般将来时的被动语态:will be + 过去分词(例句:The cake will be eaten by the children. 蛋糕将会被孩子们吃掉。
)除了基本形式外,被动语态还可以与情态动词连用,形成不同时态的情态被动语态。
例如:1. 情态动词can的被动语态:can be + 过去分词(例句:The problem can be solved by the teacher. 这个问题可以被老师解决。
)2. 情态动词should的被动语态:should be + 过去分词(例句:The car should be repaired by a professional mechanic. 这辆车应该由专业的机械师修理。
)II. 被动语态的用法1. 当我们不知道或不关心动作的执行者时,可以使用被动语态。
例如:(例句:The vase was broken. 这个花瓶被打破了。
)2. 当动作的承受者比执行者更重要或更值得强调时,可以使用被动语态。
例如:(例句:The cake was made by my grandmother.这个蛋糕是我奶奶做的。
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态的构成与使用
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态的构成与使用被动语态(Passive Voice)是英语语法中的一个重要知识点。
在句子中,被动语态用来表示动作的承受者(动作的接受者)或者发出者(动作的执行者)已知或者不重要的情况下,强调动作的影响或者结果。
本文将对高中英语被动语态的构成与使用进行归纳总结。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态的构成主要由“be动词 + 及物动词的过去分词”组成。
其中,“be动词”采用的是与句子主语在人称、数和时态上相一致的形式,也就是说,be动词的形式取决于句子所需要的时态,如一般现在时用am/is/are,一般过去时用was/were,现在进行时用am/is/are being,过去进行时用was/were being,一般将来时用will be等。
而“及物动词的过去分词”则需要根据所属词汇规则进行变化。
下面是一些例子来说明被动语态的构成:1. 一般现在时:主动语态:He opens the door.被动语态:The door is opened by him.2. 一般过去时:主动语态:She wrote a letter.被动语态:A letter was written by her.3. 现在进行时:主动语态:They are building a new school.被动语态:A new school is being built by them.总之,在构成被动语态时,需要根据句子的时态使用相应的be动词形式,并将动词的过去分词形式添加到be动词后。
二、被动语态的使用被动语态在英语中的使用非常普遍,特别是在以下几种情况下:1. 当我们不知道或者不关心动作的执行者时,使用被动语态可以突出动作的影响或者结果。
例如:The car was stolen yesterday.(昨天汽车被偷了。
)2. 当我们想强调被动语态中的动作对象时,使用被动语态可以使句子更加清晰或者突出重点。
例如:The book was written by Mark Twain.(这本书是马克·吐温写的。
高中英语被动语态
被动语态语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语的关系。
语态可分为主动语态和被动语态。
被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者。
只有及物动词才有被动语态,被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,即: be done.被动语态按时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词不变。
其具体构成及用法如下表所示:一具体用法:1.不知道动作的执行者或者没必要不愿意或不便说出动作的执行者时。
eg. His bicycle was stolen yesterday.Our classroom is cleaned every day.Visitors are required not to touch the exhibits.2.强调或突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态,如需指出动作的执行者,用by(被,由)+动作执行者(用宾格)这一结构。
eg. Some babies are being looked after by my mother.I was waken up by my daughter this morning.二被动语态的特殊形式:1.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:情态动词+be doneeg. She should be taught how to operate the computer.2.get/remain + done 是被动语态的变形,强调结果。
eg. The patients gets treated once a week.三.主动形式表达被动含义:1. 动词 look, sound, feel, smell, taste, seem, turn, fail, grow, keep, go, stay作系动词时,后跟名词或形容词作表语,表示主语的特点。
eg. The dish tastes delicious.2.表示开始,结束,运动的动词,如:begin, finish, open, stop, move等,用主动形式表达被动含义。
高中英语被动语态知识点总结
高中英语被动语态知识点总结高中英语被动语态知识点十种常见时态的被动语态1. 一般现在时主动语态:do被动语态:am is are doneWe clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。
The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。
Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。
Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。
Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗2. 一般过去时主动语态:did被动语态:was were doneWe cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。
The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。
Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗?How much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少钱?3. 一般将来时主动语态:will shall do被动语态:will shall be doneWe will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。
The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。
The work will be done immediately. 这工作将马上做。
Will the school sports meeting be held next week? 校运动会将在下星期举行吗?When shall we be given a lecture on the Internet 什么时候给我们作有关因特网的讲座?4. 一般过去将来时主动语态:would do被动语态:would be doneWe told him that we would clean the classroom soon. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。
高中英语语法被动语态构成
高中英语语法被动语态构成被动语态是英语语法中的一种重要结构,用于表达主语是动作的承受者,而非执行者。
在高中英语研究中,被动语态的构成十分关键。
被动语态的构成由两部分组成:助动词be的适当形式和动词的过去分词形式。
下面是被动语态的构成说明:1. 现在时态被动语态的构成:be动词的适当形式 + 动词的过去分词形式- 例子:- 主动语态:She drinks coffee every morning.(她每天早晨喝咖啡。
)- 被动语态:Coffee is drunk by her every morning.(咖啡每天早晨被她喝。
)2. 过去时态被动语态的构成:助动词was/were的适当形式 + 动词的过去分词形式- 例子:- 主动语态:The students cleaned the classroom yesterday.(学生们昨天打扫了教室。
)- 被动语态:The classroom was cleaned by the students yesterday.(教室昨天被学生们打扫了。
)3. 将来时态被动语态的构成:助动词will be的适当形式 + 动词的过去分词形式- 例子:- 主动语态:They will finish the project next week.(他们下周将完成这个项目。
)- 被动语态:The project will be finished by them next week.(这个项目下周将被他们完成。
)被动语态在高中英语语法中的应用非常广泛。
掌握被动语态的构成对于学生们提高英语语法水平、写作和阅读理解都起到重要作用。
总结一下,高中英语语法中被动语态的构成是由be动词的适当形式和动词的过去分词形式组成。
学生们需要通过练习和应用来熟练掌握被动语态的使用。
高中英语语法——被动语态(30张PPT)
主语
谓语 宾语
二、被动语态的一般结构:
动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动 词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被 动句时,原来的宾语变成了主语,原来 的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与 被动句的结构虽然不同,但动作的执行 者和承受者的关系并没有改变。
即:be+ done (+ by)
结构: be+ done (+ by)
1. Liu Xiang has ever broken the world record. The world record has ever been broken by Liu Xiang.
2. The floor has been cleaned by my mother.
My mother has cleaned the floor.
The old library is going to be pulled down soon.
E.g.:他的新书下个月就要出版了。
His new book is going to be published next month.
2 be to do sth. be to be done
E.g.:这个任务要在10分钟之内完成。
The wall is about to be painted by the worker.
Obama has become
the first AfricanAmerican president in the United States of America.
The Present Perfect Tense Sentence structure:
subject + have/has +been+ done
高中英语被动语态
2). be going to be done We are going to finish the work on time. The work is going to be done by us on time. 8.含有情态动词的被动语态: can/may/must…be +P.P We must love our hometown. Our hometown must be loved by us. 9.特殊结的被动语态: have/has to be done seem to be done want sth to be done happen to be done ask sth to be done pretend to be done be happy to be done let sth be done
据说她要嫁给一个外国人。
It is rumored that he has been appointed as successo to the president of our company .
据传闻,他已任命为我们公司总裁的接班人了。
It is generally considered impolite to ask one’s age, salary, marriage, etc. 问别距太远而显得句 子松散,因为它的定太长了。)这个提议特别遭到了那些在
本地区投资很大的人的反对。
4.这里我们还要进一步谈谈几种特殊的被动结构。 1)关于带情态动词的被动结构 带情态动词的被动结构的固定句式为“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”。也有个别带“to”的情态动 词例外,如:ought to和have to ,它们的被动结 构就只能在不定式中,即ought/have to be done
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态的构成与应用技巧
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态的构成与应用技巧被动语态是英语中常见的一种语法结构,它经常被用来强调动作的承受者或者在不方便透露动作执行者的情况下使用。
在高中英语学习过程中,了解被动语态的构成和应用技巧对于提高语言表达能力至关重要。
本文将系统地归纳被动语态的构成方式及其在实际应用中的技巧。
一、被动语态的构成方式1. 基本结构被动语态的基本结构由“be + 过去分词(past participle)”构成。
不同的时态和语态形式会对“be”动词进行变化。
例如:- 现在时态:am/is/are + 过去分词- 过去时态:was/were + 过去分词- 将来时态:will be + 过去分词- 现在完成时态:have/has been + 过去分词- 过去完成时态:had been + 过去分词2. 注意事项- 在构成被动语态时,要根据句子的时态和主语的人称来选择正确的“be”动词形式。
- 过去分词通常由动词的过去分词形式构成。
例如:- 主动语态:They build houses.(他们建造房屋。
)- 被动语态:Houses are built by them.(房屋被他们建造。
)3. 宾语的处理在被动语态中,主动语态的宾语通常变成被动语态的主语,而主动语态的主语则变成被动语态的介词短语(通常由“by”引导)或被省略。
例如:- 主动语态:They eat apples.(他们吃苹果。
)- 被动语态:Apples are eaten by them.(苹果被他们吃。
)二、应用技巧1. 强调动作的承受者被动语态经常被用来强调动作的承受者,这样可以使句子更加生动有力。
例如:- 主动语态:They sell the products online.(他们在网上销售产品。
)- 被动语态:The products are sold online by them.(产品在网上被他们销售。
)2. 避免透露动作执行者有时候,在句子中不方便或者不需要透露动作的执行者,被动语态可以起到这样的作用。
高中英语被动语态知识点总结
高中英语被动语态知识点总结
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态由助动词be加动词的过去分词构成。
助动词be有时态,人称和数的变化。
二、被动语态的用法
1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。
2.动作的承受者是句子的主语时。
3.动作的接受者比动作的执行者显得突出时。
4.汉语中没有被动语态时。
三、被动语态的时态
被动语态的各种时态形式与相对应的主动语态时态相同。
其时间状语需根据实际情况来添加。
四、被动语态的人称和数的变化
1.若句中主语为第三人称单数,则动词使用第三人称单数形式。
2.若句中主语为复数形式,则动词使用复数形式。
3.若句中主语为第二人称单数和第一人称复数、第二人称复数,则动词也使用相应的形式。
五、特殊的被动结构
1.使役动词have,get,make等构成被动结构时,后面只能用不定式的复合结构。
2.感官动词see,hear,watch,feel等构成被动结构时,后面应用不定式的复合结构,且用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
3.动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语等句子成分时,定式通常要用主动式表示被动意义。
4.“It is a pity that…”“It is a shame that…”“It is a surprise that…”等结构中后面的that从句中的主语和谓语动词构成主动关系,使用被动语态。
高中英语语法——被动语态用法归纳
高中英语语法——被动语态用法归纳被动语态是英语中一种常见的语法结构。
在被动语态中,动作的接受者被放在句子的主语位置,而动作的执行者则被放在句子的宾语位置或省略。
以下是高中英语中被动语态的用法归纳:1. 被动语态的构成被动语态的构成主要是通过“be + 过去分词”来表达动作的被执行。
例如:- The house is built by the workers.(这所房子是被工人建造的。
)is built by the workers.(这所房子是被工人建造的。
)- The letter was written by my sister.(这封信是被我姐姐写的。
)was written by my sister.(这封信是被我姐姐写的。
)2. 被动语态的用途被动语态在英语中使用广泛,常用于以下情况:- 当动作的执行者不明确或不重要时。
例如:- The cake was eaten.(这个蛋糕被吃了。
)(动作的执行者不明确)was eaten.(这个蛋糕被吃了。
)(动作的执行者不明确)- The book is written in English.(这本书是用英语写的。
)(动作的执行者不重要)is written in English.(这本书是用英语写的。
)(动作的执行者不重要)- 当强调动作的接受者或结果时。
例如:- The city was destroyed by the earthquake.(这个城市被地震摧毁了。
)(强调结果)was destroyed by the earthquake.(这个城市被地震摧毁了。
)(强调结果)- The painting was done by a famous artist.(这幅画是由一位著名艺术家完成的。
)(强调接受者)was done by a famous artist.(这幅画是由一位著名艺术家完成的。
)(强调接受者)3. 被动语态与时态被动语态使用与相应时态的被动形式。
高中英语被动语态
高中英语被动语态在高中英语的学习中,被动语态是一个非常重要的语法点。
它不仅在阅读理解和写作中经常出现,也是我们准确表达意思的重要工具。
被动语态的基本构成是“be +过去分词”。
这里的“be”会根据时态的不同而发生变化,比如一般现在时是“am/is/are +过去分词”,一般过去时是“was/were +过去分词”,现在完成时是“have/has been +过去分词”等等。
我们先来说说一般现在时的被动语态。
比如说,“The book is readby many people”(这本书被很多人读。
)在这个句子中,“read”是“read”的过去分词形式,“is read”就构成了一般现在时的被动语态,表示这本书是被读的这个状态。
再看一般过去时的被动语态,像“The house was built last year”(这座房子是去年建的。
)“was built”清晰地表明了房子在过去被建造的事实。
现在完成时的被动语态也很常见,比如“Many trees have been planted in this area”(这个地区已经种了很多树。
)“have been planted”强调了从过去到现在的动作及影响。
被动语态的使用常常是因为我们更关注动作的承受者,或者不知道动作的执行者是谁。
比如说,“The window was broken last night”(窗户昨晚被打破了。
)这里我们可能不知道是谁打破了窗户,重点是窗户被打破这个情况。
在考试中,被动语态的相关题目经常出现。
比如选择题,会让我们判断一个句子应该用主动语态还是被动语态,或者是给定一个主动语态的句子,要求我们改成被动语态。
做这类题目的时候,我们首先要确定句子的时态,然后根据相应时态的被动语态构成来进行转换。
写作中,如果我们想要强调某个事物是被如何处理或者受到了什么影响,被动语态就能够派上用场。
比如,“The problem has been solved successfully”(这个问题已经被成功解决了。
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Introduction(被动语态)Handout (1)Ⅰ. Multiple choice.1. These buildings ____ painted this time last year.A. wereB. beingC. have beenD. were being2. When ____ the composition ____ in?A. must, be handedB. should, handedC. must, handD. does, handed3. The suit ____ over $100. It will _____ at least 5 years.A. costs, lastB. is cost, is lastedC. costs, is lastedD. is costed, last4. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.A. hasn’t been decidedB. haven’t decidedC. isn’t being decidedD. aren’t decided5. The boy who ____ cheating in the exam _____ by the head teacher.A. has caught, will be punishedB. was caught, will be punishedC. caught, is to be punishedD. was caught, were punished6. Great changes _____taken place in the city, and a lot of factories _______.A. have been, have been set upB. have, have been set upC. has, have set upD. were, were set upⅡ. Cloze1. A new library ________________(build) in our city now.2. We shall _______________ (ask) to attend the meeting.3. He has worked in the factory since it ___________ (build) 10 years ago.4. So far, many man-made satellites ______________(send)up into space.5. The decision has to be ___________(make).6. Sheep are ___________ (keep) by farmers for __________ (produce) wool and mutton.7. Outer space ________ (not explore) by people before 1957.8. Computer science ________________(teach) now almost in all universities and institutes.9. The first railway in the world ______________ (design) in the last century.10. Five units of this textbook ________________ (study) by the end of last month.11. I don't like ________________________(laugh at)in public.12. Do you have a letter to ____________________ (post)?13. Visitors _____________________(request )not to touch the exhibits.14. The meeting is to ______________________(put off )till Friday.Presentation(被动语态)一、被动语态的用法:1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day.I am asked to study hard.Knives are used for cutting things.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→My bike is being repaired by Uncle Wang now.They are planting trees over there. →Trees are being planted over there by them.7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. →There are twenty more trees to be planted.二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:1. 先找出谓语动词;2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语;3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.6. You must loc k the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years?The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
This pen writes well.This new book sells well.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动语态时,须加上to 。
例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to dropby a girl when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定,或是间接宾语加被动语态再加只接宾语。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 或是I was given a book by him.He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. 或是I was shown a ticket by him.My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 或是I was bought a new bike by my father.5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。