商务英语阅读：中国市场的日本汽车商务英语,日本汽车.doc
2018年考研英语阅读材料之日本汽车制造商
2018年考研英语阅读材料之日本汽车制造商Japanese carmakers日本汽车制造商Lots of oomph活力无穷Japan's small-car firms are defying the industry'sget-big-or-die imperative日本的小厂商们正在与“要么大，要么死”这一条金科玉律抗争ONE of the conundrums of the car business is thatfive smaller Japanese firms continue to prosper alongside three giants, Toyota, Nissan andHonda. In theory, those in the second division—Mazda, Mitsubishi, Suzuki and Subaru—shouldlong ago have merged with rivals at home or abroad, or fallen by the wayside. Daihatsu isalready controlled by Toyota, which has a 51% stake in the firm. They all sell 1m-2m vehicles ayear. Sergio Marchionne, boss of Fiat Chrysler, once said that 6m was the minimum required forcarmakers to have a hope of turning a profit.目前，汽车产业里有着这样一个费解的情况：在三大巨头(丰田Toyota、日产Nissan和本田Honda)的身旁，五家较小的日本公司能够持续地取得出色业绩。
理论上来说，这些第二梯队成员(马自达Mazda、三菱Mitsubishi、铃木Suzuki和斯巴鲁Subaru)应该早已被国内或国外的对手所兼并，或是退出历史长河。
商务英语阅读unit 11
Content
Text
Fast
Reading I Fast Reading II
TEXT “Toyota” of China
ding questions
1. How much do you know about Toyota and Chery? 2. What is the principle of Chery?
While Toyota is the fastest-developing automaker in the world, Chery is the fastest-growing auto company in China. Qin said frankly that realizing his company would be at the same exhibition hall with Toyota, Chery felt pressure initially, but then more excitement. “Today's Chery is actually similar to yesterday's Toyota,” Qin said. “We have been studying Toyota in our plan of production lines, manufacturing technologies, development of overseas markets and even utilization and design of auto shows. We do believe we can learn from Toyota in many aspects and it is an opportunity for us to learn at the same hall.”
商务英语阅读_Unit 7关于市场
Stores such as Niketown, Cabella's, and Recreational Equipment Incorporated draw consumers in by offering fun activities, fascinating displays, and promotional events (sometimes labeled “shoppertainment” or “entertailing”). At theme restaurants such as the Hard Rock Cafe, Planet Hollywood, or the House of Blues, the food is just a prop for what's known as “eatertainment.”
11
At Marriott, to stay in touch with customers, Chairman of the Board and President Bill Marriott personally reads some 10 percent of the 8,000 letters and 2 percent of the 750,000 guest comment cards submitted by customers each year. Understanding customer needs, wants, and demands in detail provides important input for designing marketing strategies.
—Philip Kotler
3
Pre-reading
商务英语阅读unit3翻译
Unit11. After months of researching Northwestern on the Web and grilling friends, teachers and advisers who had gone there, Maxine pinned her hopes on getting accepted.经过数月在网上搜索并研究NW大学和仔细询问到访过NW大学的朋友、老师和顾问，Maxine 最终希望自己能被NW大学录取。
2. For students like Maxine who are applying to college for next fall, that dream is turning out to be frustratingly unobtainable. It turns out the odds of getting into a selective college have never been worse.对于像Maxine一样正在申请秋季入学的学生来说，他们会沮丧地发现这一梦想难以实现。
考入一所名校的机会从未如此渺茫。
3. But admissions directors are already worrying about the shrinking pool of future applicants, especially the sliver of those who can afford to foot the $40,000 annual tab.---但是招生主管们已经开始担忧申请者数量缩减的问题，尤其是为数不多的每年有能力支付4万美元的那部分申请者。
4. Those who left private schools in the 1980s and 1990s can expect to earn 35% more in life than the average product of a state school, they found, around half of which can be attributed to education, not background.20世纪80年代和90年代中期的私立学校毕业生能够期望一生的收入比国立中学的普通毕业生多35%，他们发现这其中大约一半可以归因于他们所受的教育，而非背景。
高级综合商务英语IUnit8TextAACrisisMadeinJapan
Unit 8 Crisis Manage mentText AA Crisis Made in JapanIn Japanthereis a prover b, 'If it stinks, put a lid on it.' Alas, this seemsto have been Toyota's approa ch to its burgeo ningsafety crisis, initia lly denyin g, minimi zingand mitiga tingthe proble ms involv ing brakes that don't brakeand accele rator s that have a mind of theirown. Presid ent Akio Toyoda, grands on of the founde r, was MIA for two weeksand the compan y has appear ed less than forthc oming aboutcritic al safety issues, riskin g the trustof its custom ers world-wide.日本有句谚语：“要是闻着发臭，那就盖上盖子。
”（眼不见为净。
）丰田汽车公司(Toyota)似乎就在以这种方式处理其日益凸现的汽车安全问题。
对于不能刹车的刹车以及颇有“主见”的油门，丰田起初是否认，然后想大事化小，后来又百般推托。
公司总裁丰田章男（Akio Toyoda)是丰田创始人的孙子，在危机发生的头两周成了失踪人员，公司对重大汽车安全问题的反应似乎不再那么积极，有负全球消费者对其的信任。
商务英语阅读第二版chapter-5-Japan-Goes-from-Dynamic-to-Disheartened-课文翻译-王关富
1.日本，大阪——像许多日本中产阶级一样，小企业主正人华20年前享有的富裕生活为世人所艳羡。
他购买了一套价值50万美元的公寓，时常去夏威夷度假，其座驾是一辆老款的奔驰轿车。
2.但慢慢地，他的生活水平随同日本的整体经济状况一道，逐渐走向崩溃。
刚开始时，他被迫减少了去国外旅行的次数，后来就彻底不去了。
随后，他卖掉了奔驰，换了一款更便宜的国产轿车。
去年，他卖掉了他的公寓——售价仅为17年前购房款的三分之一，还不及依然背负的按揭贷款。
3.“过去的日本，光鲜且乐观，而现如今的人们不得不静悄悄地压低生活质量，紧缩度日，”49岁的正人华说。
在接受采访时，他要求记者不要披露其全名，因为他依然无力偿付拖欠的11万美元按揭贷款。
4.在近代史中，没有几个国家的经济财富像日本这样，经历了如此惊人的扭转。
上世纪80年代，借助位居史上最大规模之列的股市投机及房产泡沫，日本一举成为第一个挑战西方长期霸权的亚洲国家，谱写了一曲源自亚洲的成功故事。
5.但这些泡沫最终于80年代晚期和90年代初期爆裂，日本旋即陷入了一个缓慢但不间断的衰落进程，庞大的预算赤字和海量流动性的涌入都无法扭转这一趋势。
在迄今差不多一代人的时间里，这个国家一直深陷通货紧缩泥沼（低增长，物价螺旋式下落），不能自拔。
在此过程中，这只昔日的经济猛兽已雄风不再，失去了在全球经济中的傲人地位。
6.如今，随着美国和其他西方国家正竭力摆脱债务及其自身的房产泡沫，越来越多的经济学家将日本当下的黯淡处境视为上述国家的未来走向。
甚至在美联储主席伯南克酝酿新一轮非常规措施，以刺激经济之际，对美国和许多欧洲经济体的忧虑依然与日俱增。
许多人担心，这些经济体将面临长期的低增长，甚至有可能出现持续的通货紧缩——这是自大萧条以来，在日本之外的主要经济体中所从未见过的一幕。
7.许多经济学家依然颇具信心地认为，美国将避免日本式停滞，这主要是因为美国的政治制度具有更强的反应性，美国人对于资本主义的创造性破坏具有更大的容忍度。
王关富《商务英语阅读》(第二版)参考答案
王关富《商务英语阅读（第二版）》参考答案Unit 1Why China WorksExercises1. Answer the questions on the text:1) How does the author view the Chinese economy?It is the most important bright spot in the world economy under the global recession, the only major economy that is likely to show significant growth this year, and the only one that routinely breaks every rule in the economic textbook. 2) According to the author, why can the Chinese economy perform so well?Because of:(1) the capacity for state control by the Chinese government.(2) its rejection of exotic financial innovations that are the melting core of the global credit crisis.(3) the integration of its economic policies between traditional market tools and state control measures.3) In what way does the author imply that western economists are erroneous in their bias toward “China’s market economic system”?The United States and Europe are moving toward state control by nationalizing their banking and car industries, and imposing heavy new regulation on the financial industry.4) What is the view of Stephen Roach on the Chinese economy system?Investment is the backbone of sustainable growth in the Chinese economy, which works more effectively than other market based systems in times of economic stress.5) Why can China work in the eye of the author?It has followed a radical pragmatism focusing on a slow but steady shift toward freer markets.6) What is regarded as the strategic thinking of the Chinese leaders in market reforms?They understand even under the serious financial crisis that it can stabilize the Chinese market and economy to introduce more sophisticated forms of securitization, including stock index funds, corporate bonds and other debt products. They also realize that, in the course of doing this, they should learn from the mistakes the westerners have made.7) What is the example given to illustrate the steadiness of the Chinese leaders in their policy execution?They continue to allow the value of yuan to rise despite of the American charges and the need for export competitiveness by their own enterprises.8) What is “shock therapy”?It is the economic policy adopted in Russia from 1991 to 1992 that totally deregulated prices and lead to a runaway inflation. It proved to be all shock and no therapy.9) In what ways does the Chinese economic system work efficiently?It can get things done quickly, move in a coherent manner, and marshal its people and resources to a common target: economic growth and prosperity.11) What are the Internet and public opinion used for?For putting pressure on local officials and influencing policy decisions.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.1)At a time when the need is growing for mental health services, many countries are unfortunately cutting back on itsspending.2)There is an increasing number of people out of work. But the western media often unfairly label them as lazy andreliable.3)Now that the flow of oil has been stopped by BP, the impact of all the spilled oil and natural gas is still beingmeasured.4)Once again its ability to steer economic policy will be tested against the ability to deliver on services and projectsaimed at growing the economy and jobs.5)Housing prices are incredibly high today. But he bought his house for a song about five years ago.6)As people are complaining high prices, especially those related to daily necessities, the government feels rather urgentto hold down inflation rate immediately.7)Under the new economy policy investors are invited to buy into state-owned enterprises.8)Since a serious gun shooting occurred in Arizona last week, security concerns have trickled down to all places,including residential buildings.9)Social unrest is a daily occurrence in the country nowadays. It is in the last place when it comes to investment formultinational companies.10)Efforts to ban smoking in China are so effective yet. Some chain smokers never think of quitting while many othershave battled in vain to quit.3. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:A_______________________ B__________________________________1)financial innovation A) A reduction in the general availability of loans (orcredit) or a sudden tightening of the conditionsrequired to obtain a loan from the banks.72)stimulus package B) A non-bank entity or organization such asinvestment companies and mutual funds thatinvests in large quantities. 83)overheating C)A legal entity created by a government to undertakecommercial activities on its behalf. 64)stamp tax D) The trading of a corporation's stock or othersecurities (e.g. bonds or stock options) byindividuals with potential access to non-publicinformation.9E) An industry that requires large amounts of capital, machinery and equipment toproduce goods. 55)capital-intensive sector F) Generation of new and creative approaches tosecurities, money management or investing. 16)state-run firm G) An economy that is expanding so rapidly that toomuch money is chasing too few goods andeconomists fear a rise in inflation . 37)credit crisis H) tax levied on certain legal transactions such as thetransfer of a property such as building, copyright,land, patent, and securities. 48)institutional investor I) A plan or a series of measures taken by agovernment to jump-start its ailing economy,generally as a part of its fiscal policy. 210) insider trading4. Translate the following passage into Chinese.我们所面临的来自中国的真正挑战并不是他们向我们大量销售的货物，而恰恰相反，是他们正在提升的价值链。
高级商务英语阅读5-t-Japan goes from dynamicto disheartened
Unit 5Japan Goes From Dynamic to DisheartenedExercises1. Answer the questions on the text:1)What were the two major factors comprising Japan’s economic bubble in the1980’s?# speculative stock# property bubbles2)What were the methods Japanese government adopted to stimulate itseconomy, but turned out to be a failure?# budget deficits# flood of easy money3)What does “economic Godzilla” mean in the text?It means economic giant with enormous power. It is so quoted because it is a Japan cultural icon.4)What are the reasons that the U.S. would not follow Japan’s suit, accordingto some economists?# the greater responsiveness of the American political system# Americans’ greater tolerance for capitalism’s creative destruction5)What are the specified steps in the “deflationary trap”?Demand decreases→supply decreases→unemployment/reluctance in investing→less spending→less demand.6)What are the factors contributing to Japan’s even dimmer future?# the wo rld’s largest government debt (around 200% of GDP)# a shrinking population# rising rates of poverty and suicide7)Why do people today refer to the Japanese youth as “herbivore s”?Because: under the background of long-term economic stagnation, younger generation of Japan become pessimistic and fatalistic, and they lack ambitions that their parents once valued and become mildly tempered and behaved in both career and sex.8)What do you think of Japan’s real estate industry?During the period of deflation, property keeps losing its value, and people then refuse to buy new houses and house-owners are burdened with large sums of loan.They have to come up with different ways to cut expenses, which sabotages people’s expectations towards a better future.9)Why is Mr. Kaiami expecting inflation to come back again?Because the Japanese economy has been depressed and sluggish for so long. If inflation comes back he expects to see vibrancy of the Japanese economy again. 10)According to the article, how would you explain “destructive destruction”?On the contrary to creative destruction, which describes the chaotic changes that occur when a new product (i.e., technology) or service is introduced into the market, and entrepreneurs can make great profit by innovation, destructive destruction here means people’s pessimistic expectation renders them making their living by cutting expenses and selling current property rather than risking creating new fortune.11)What can we learn from this article to enlighten China’s economy?#####China must be alert to Japan’s lessons, not to bubble its economy by overinvesting in certain fields like real estate and securities. In the period of fast growth, China must both stress the proper use of entity capital like resources, finance, technology and labor, and value the social capital composed of social trust, morals and interpersonal relationship.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below:1)I have discovered that paying down your loan can result in being cash poor whena need or emergency arises.2)The road to recovery is a long one, so the politicians must wake up to therecession, accept it and get us where we need to go.3)All signs point to Apple’s iPad sales as the recovery of tablet PCs and futurespending boom.4)During this urgent period, journalists were told to hold back on some stories incase they might do damage to the delicate administration.5)According to some analysts, BP Plc's oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico will drivedown rental prices for deep- sea drilling vessels by about 20 percent.6)Consolidation is likely to increase since no one player controls more than 10percent of the market, there’s a golden opportunity for big fish to gobble up smaller businesses.7)According to a survey, teachers and lawyers are put in the most overtime, theytoil for ten hours a week unpaid.8)They also added that they would not surrender the future of their children to afew people who are bent on enslaving them for life.9)China's top legislature is to deliberate about the draft amendment to the personalincome tax law, a major move that is meant to narrow the widening gap between the country's rich and poor.10)We must bridge the gap between the supply and demand of power if we are toachieve higher rates of economic growth on a sustainable basis in the next decade.3. Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:A B1) budget deficit a) A procedure which, in certain jurisdictions,allows an individual to declare bankruptcy. 102) stagnation b) The highest-ranking corporate administratorin charge of total management of anorganization. 93) price war c) The amount by which a government,company, or individual's spending exceeds itsincome over a particular period of time. 1 4) speculative stock d) A procedure with rapid increases invaluations of real estate until they reachunsustainable levels relative to incomes andother economic elements, followed by areduction in price levels. 85) deflation e) Commerce money that can be borrowed ata low interest rate. 76) gross domestic product f) A period of time in which an economyexperiences difficulties and achieves little orno growth. 27) easy money g) Market situation in which (usually two)Powerful competitors try to usurp eachother's market share by progressivelyreducing prices until one of them retreats, atleast temporarily. 38) property bubble h) The monetary value of all the finishedgoods and services produced within acountry's borders in a specific time period. 6 9) chief executive officer i) A general decline in prices, often caused by areduction in the supply of money or credit. 5 10) personal bankruptcy j) a stock with high risk relative to any potentialpositive returns. 44.Translate the following into Chinese:自2008年经济震荡以来酋长国城市迪拜遭受了负面宣传。
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商务英语阅读：中国市场的日本汽车-商务英语,日本汽车-商务指
南-
start off with：从…开始，用…开始
dealership：权，经销权
retail price：零售价
sticker prices：价目表价格
hybrid-engine：型
press conference：记招待会
注释：
Honda (HMC)：日本汽车制造商汽车(Honda Motor Co., HMC) Toyota Motor (TM)：日本汽车制造商汽车
Nissan (NSANY)：日本汽车制造商日产汽车，也叫尼桑。
Mazda (MZDAF)：日本马自达汽车公司
Mitsubishi (MMTOF)：日本三菱汽车
Suzuki：日本铃木汽车
Acura, RL, TL：Acura为本田高档品牌，RL、TL其旗下今年两款最新进口车型
Prius：日本丰田汽车公司制造的Prius是全球第一种大量生产的环保汽车
Camry：凯美瑞，又称佳美。
中型豪华轿车，持续高踞TOYOTA 最畅销的中国车型榜首
RA V4：1994年在日本问世,销量为丰田公司预期值的两倍。
备有三门四座车型，风格独特。
Previa：普瑞维亚，俗称“大霸王”。
是一款九十年代中进入中国的多用途厢体车。
Lexus ES350, IS300：LEXUS雷克萨斯两款车型
[2]。