英语课后答案
大学英语课后答案
1. 这场给人类带来巨大灾难的战争对这样一个诗人产生了什么影响呢？（impact on）How did the war which brought terrible disasters to mankind impact on such a poet? 2. 做母亲的有时候不能察觉她们所宠爱的孩子们的过错，这样做的结果会使孩子们再次犯同样的过错。
（be blind to）Mothers are sometimes blind to the faults of their beloved children, which will cause the children to make the same mistake again.3. 作为一个在这个完全陌生国度的新移民（immigrant），她总是感觉到孤立无援。
（isolate）As an new immigrant in this completely strange country, she always felt isolated.4. 做事不先考虑周全常会导致失败，因此我们应该三思而后行。
（result in, act before thinking）Acting before thinking often result in failure, so we should think before we leap.5. 奢谈的时候已经过去了，我们必须积极行动起来保护我们的环境。
（take ... action）The time for talking is past, we must take positive action to protect our environment. 1.Look at the relationship between the tree and its environment and you will see the future of the tree.Quit smoking now and you will be healthier.每次服两片药，每天三次，你的病几天就会好了。
大学英语教材课后练习答案
大学英语教材课后练习答案1. Unit 1: Listening ComprehensionSection A1. C2. B3. A4. D5. CSection B1. True2. False3. True4. False5. True2. Unit 2: Vocabulary and GrammarSection A1. D2. C3. A4. B5. DSection B1. have been waiting2. will be coming3. had already left4. was watching5. will have finished3. Unit 3: Reading Comprehension Section A1. B2. C3. A4. D5. BSection B1. False2. Not Given3. True4. False5. Not Given4. Unit 4: Translation1. 我们正在讨论这个问题。
2. 我们可能会迟到，最好赶快出发。
3. 这个电视节目太无聊了，我关掉了。
4. 他在图书馆学习了三个小时。
5. 他继续在健身房锻炼。
5. Unit 5: Writing PracticeSample Essay:In recent years, the use of smartphones has become increasingly prevalent. They have transformed not only the way we communicate but also the way we live our lives. However, some people argue that smartphones have had a negative impact on our society. In this essay, I will present both the advantages and disadvantages of smartphone use.On the positive side, smartphones have greatly enhanced our ability to connect with others. With just a few taps on a screen, we can instantly communicate with friends and family around the world. This has made it easier to maintain relationships and stay connected, even when we are physically apart. Additionally, smartphones provide access to a vast amount of information. With internet connectivity, users can quickly search foranswers to their questions, making learning and problem-solving more convenient.Yet, there are also drawbacks associated with smartphone use. One major concern is the negative effect on interpersonal communication. People are increasingly engrossed in their devices, leading to less face-to-face interaction. This can result in a decline in social skills and a lack of genuine connections. Moreover, smartphone addiction has become a serious issue. Many individuals find it difficult to detach themselves from their devices, leading to decreased productivity and increased stress levels.In conclusion, smartphones have undoubtedly revolutionized our lives, bringing numerous benefits. However, it is important to recognize and address the potential drawbacks. Finding a balance between utilizing the advantages of smartphones while mitigating their negative impact is crucial. By doing so, we can fully harness the power of technology while preserving the essence of human connection.。
大学英语教材课后习题答案及解析
大学英语教材课后习题答案及解析一、选择题1. A解析：根据句意，我们需要在空格处填入一个与“unpleasant”相反的词，表示“令人愉快的”。
因此选择A项。
2. C解析：句子的主语是“student”，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式。
根据语境，我们需要用一般现在时，所以选择C项。
3. B解析：根据句子的结构，“was”是“be”的过去式，应该与句子的主语“John”保持一致。
因此选择B项。
4. A解析：根据对话的语境，我们需要回答命题句“Would you like to go to the movies tonight?”，表示愿意的语气，所以选择A项。
5. B解析：根据句意，我们需要在空格处填入一个与“cat”相关的词，表示“饲养或养育”。
因此选择B项。
二、填空题1. dangers解析：根据句意，我们需要在空格处填入一个与“risk”相关的词，表示“危险”。
因此选择“dangers”。
2. to解析：根据句意，我们需要在空格处填入一个与“leak”相关的介词，表示“漏出”。
因此选择“to”。
3. which解析：根据句意，我们需要在空格处填入一个引导定语从句的关系代词，修饰先行词“world”。
因此选择“which”。
4. happier解析：根据句意，我们需要在空格处填入一个与“happy”相关的比较级形式，表示“更幸福的”。
因此选择“happier”。
5. successfully解析：根据句意，我们需要在空格处填入一个与“pass”相关的副词，表示“成功地”。
因此选择“successfully”。
三、完形填空1. B解析：根据句意，我们需要在空格处填入一个与“alone”相对的词，表示“与他人一起”。
因此选择B项。
2. D解析：根据句意，根据语境，我们需要填入一个表示“友好地，热情地”的词，表达主人公心情的转变。
因此选择D项。
3. A解析：根据句意，我们需要在空格处填入一个与“curious”相对的词，表示“无聊的”。
大学英语课后习题答案
大学英语精读第三版(上海外语教育出版社董亚芬主编)第三册Book3 Unit4答案1) junior2) junk3) winds4) physical5) handicap6) Click7) decayed8) interpreted9) leaning10) limb11) twisted12) relationship13) surrounded14) at least15）in hopes of1) covering2) runs3) affect4) dotted with5) Elaborate7) grabbed8) maximum9) per10) spotted11) strained12) caught her eye13) sort of1) add to2) curled up3) bring back4) called up5) grow up6) came up with7) work out8) was singled out9) take apart1)statistician2)politics3) Venusian4)Mars5)magician7)civil8)technician9)comedian10)Christian11)Russia12)Asia13)Australia14)Confucius15)electrician16)music17)vegetable18)guard1) taxpayers' money2) playgoers3) Young songwriters4) babysitters5) housekeepers6) sunbather7) wheelchair8) driveway1) that little progress has been made2) is doing a little better this season3) a little earlier than scheduled4) Little did he realize5) said little about her work experience6) little imagined then7) slow down a little8) have little contact with the outside world1) Nigel's novel was not as well received as he had hoped.2) He ran as hard as he could in hopes of breaking his record for the five miles.3) Some of the power stations have significantly failed to operate as efficiently as people have expected.4) The aging body does not absorb and distribute food as efficiently as it used to do.5) The British welfare system did not assist the genuinely needy groups as effectively as did some systems prevailing elsewhere.1) But why don't you pluck up the courage to do what you've always wanted to?2) He will help you prepare what you need to say.3) What is true for general histories also applies to surveys of more limited periods.4) I have noticed that what are commonly called warm colors is not necessary to produce the impression of warmth in landscape.5) These travel books entertain readers with accounts of what travelers have seen.1) Every time I see you you're even lovelier than I remember.2) Every time it's sunny I enjoy driving.3) Every time the child completes a specified desirable behavior it will earn a toy.4) My ankle hurts every time I put my foot to the ground.5) Every time I sat down I went to sleep.1) affected2) physical3) interpret4) spot5) handicap6) fastened7) maximum8) per9) extensively10) Straining11) surrounded1)up2)wherever3)for4)the5)taught6)before7)being8)than9)who10)where11)still/even12)with13)told14)and15)Yet16)sounded17)to18)straight19)With20)howVII. DictationBaseball is America's national sport, played mainly by men. It developed in the mid 19th century from the British games of rounders and cricket. Baseball is also popular in Japan and several Latin American countries, and has been an Olympic sport since in 1972. Softball is similar but uses a large, softer ball and is popular with women. Many Americans play baseball for fun because players do not have to be strong like football players or tall like basketball players. Some people think baseball is too slow, but the team managers often change their players and plans during the game, and there are many exciting plays. Many American families enjoygoing to a Sunday afternoon double-header, that is, two games between the same two teams in one day.翻译你能想像一个身体严重残疾的妇女独自经营一个网站并且像一个专业的体育记者一样详细报道洛杉矶道奇队吗?如果我没有亲眼见到她蜷曲在轮椅里，用固定在头上的一根棍子敲击字键打出她的评论，我是绝不会相信的。
大学英语课后答案
大学英语课后答案Unit 1Suggested answers:1.In the six-and-one自联邦政府六年半前认证“有机”食品以来，美国人以极大的热情接受了这一概念。
2.To eat well, says Michael “吃得好”，《食物无罪》的作者迈克尔波轮说，“意味着避免摄入‘可食用的类似的物质’，并坚持从蔬菜中获取真正营养成分的原则。
3.Neither the enabling legislation 不论有机食品的立法或是法规都未涉及食品安全或是营养问题.4.Professor Howard estimateslegislation 霍华德教授估计，大公司现在承担了至少25%的有机食品生产和销售。
5.Popularizing such choices may 推广这样的做法可能不会像设计一个“有机”的标志那么有市场.Suggested Answers1. It is more difficult topopularize education(普及教育)in the rural areas than in the urban areas.2. Every country must stick toits own path（坚持自己的道路）.3. I made clear to him that heshould be responsible for the accident(为这次意外负责).4. He neither knows nor cares (既不知道也不关心) what happened.5. Many parents expressedconcern about(表达了担忧)their children’s Internet addiction.Unit 2Suggested answers:1. The two former elephant 这两位前驯象员在马戏团和动物园见过太多大象所遭受的虐待和忽视，于是决心为大象建立一座可以颐养天年的憩息所.2. Soon Hohenwald was rocking不一会儿，霍恩沃尔德因他们相遇时互致问候的吼声和庆祝性的碰撞而震动起来3. Shirley and Jenny instantly 雪莉和詹妮很快恢复了她们的老习惯：肩并肩地在保护区内闲逛.4. At one point, the four spent 有一次，四头大象持续三小时的鸣吼使保护区内的每个生命都为之震颤。
英语课后答案
第一单元Reading Comprehension1. 正确答案是C。
解析：问题是“人类不能阻止污染是因为……” 。
选项A “全球污染发展很快”; 选项B “;人们使用太多的人造物质”; 选项C “我们有了更多的工业”; 选项D “我们正在生产更多的汽车,卡车和公共汽车” 根据第一自然段,我们可判断出正确答案为C。
2. 正确答案是B。
解析：问题是“人们挤进城市是为了……”。
选项A “他们非常渴望找到高薪工作”; 选项B “他们渴望享受我们社会的成就”; 选项C “他们厌倦了他们的家乡”; 选项D “他们极其想当工人” 根据第二段第六句“eager fro the benefits of our modern society” ,我们可判断出正确答案为B。
3. 正确答案是A。
解析：问题是“根据这篇文章,人类最看重下列各项的什么? ”。
选项A “工业”; 选项B “;健康”; 选项 C “清洁的空气”; 选项 D “孩子的未来” 根据第二段,第三句“We make ‘increasing industrialization our chief aim’”,我们可判断出正确答案为A。
4. 正确答案是D。
解析：问题是“飞行员的故事告诉我们……”。
选项A “人类知道社会改往哪里走”; 选项B “;人们不欢迎现代社会的快速发展”; 选项C “人类对污染问题束手无策”; 选项D “作者为社会的未来担心” 根据第三段,我们可判断出正确答案为D。
5. 正确答案是B。
解析：问题是“什么是解决严重工业污染的最好办法？”。
选项A “随着技术的发展，污染成了严重的问题。
”; 选项B “;降低发展的速度停止污染。
”; 选项C “到了我们采取行动降低污染的时候了。
”; 选项D “随着工业快速发展，污染是自然结果。
” 根据文章,我们可判断出正确答案为B。
第二单元1. D2. A3. D4. D5. B第三单元1. C2. D3. C4. B5. A第四单元1. C解析：本题需要根据信息判断。
大学英语课后题答案
大学英语课后题答案I. Spell the following words with the help of their definitions and the first letters given. (10 points)1、e n. a usu. Short piece of writing on a particular subject by a student, esp. as a part of a course of study2、o v. to hide from view; to make it difficult to see or understand3、s v. to look at or to consider (a person, place, or condition) as a whole; to examine4、l adj. very bad, unpleasant, useless5、r v. talk about past experiences, esp. with pleasure参考答案：1. essay 2. obscure 3. survey 4. lousy 5. reminisceII. Complete the following sentences with the words given below, change the form where necessary. (10 points) permanentconquer confident convince surround1、Those players who are not at all will have few chances to sueed.2、To the difficulties in study, you must work hard and try to find a better way of studying.3、We should him of the approaching danger, otherwise he will be really in danger.4、It’s a job, not a part-time one.5、This is a beautiful campus, and the dormitories and teaching buildings are all with trees and grass.参考答案：1. confident? 2. conquer 3. convince 4. permanent 5. surroundedIII. Fill in the following blanks with correct adverbs or prepositions. (10 points)1、The children filed the theater quietly, as the play had already begun.2、It’s so cold that I feel sneezing.3、We should feel proud and self-assured when we look back the days we have passed in college.4、He was a naughty boy when he was little, but now, he has e understand that he should do something good to other people.5、Sometimes we need to scream the top of our lungs to relax ourselves.参考答案：1. into. 孩子们安静的走进剧院，剧已经上映。
英语书课后题答案
英语书课后题答案1、Tomorrow is Ann’s birthday. Her mother is going to make a _______ meal for her. [单选题] *A. commonB. quickC. special(正确答案)D. simple2、As soon as he _______, he _______ to his family. [单选题] *A. arrived, writesB. arrived, writtenC. arrived, wrote(正确答案)D. arrives, write3、It is reported（）three people were badly injured in the traffic accident. [单选题] *A. whichB. that(正确答案)C.whileD.what4、28．—Where is Fujian Province?—It’s ________ the southeast of China. [单选题] * A．in (正确答案)B．onC．toD．at5、His picture is on show in London this month. [单选题] *A. 给...看B. 展出(正确答案)C. 出示D. 上演6、35．Everyone in China ______ Mid-Autumn Day. [单选题] *A．likes(正确答案)B．likeC．is likingD．are like7、These oranges look nice, but _______ very sour. [单选题] *A. feelB. taste(正确答案)C. soundD. look8、--What’s the _______ like today?--Cloudy. [单选题] *A. skyB. airC. landD. weather(正确答案)9、96．Let's cross the street from school. There is a park ______ the school. [单选题] * A．far fromB．next toC．atD．opposite(正确答案)10、Jim, we have _______ important to tell you right now . [单选题] *A. someB. something(正确答案)C. anyD. anything11、We were caught in a traffic jam. By the time we arrived at the airport the plane _____. [单选题] *A. will take offB. would take offC. has taken offD. had taken off(正确答案)12、Many of my classmates are working _______volunteers. [单选题] *A. as(正确答案)B. toC. atD. like13、Don’t talk _______. Your grandmother is sleeping now. [单选题] *A. happilyB. nearlyC. loudly(正确答案)D. hardly14、55．There is a ________ on in the bookshop. Let's go to buy some books. [单选题] *A．movieB．matchC．sale(正确答案)D．concert15、I’m so tired after _______ walk. [单选题] *A. three hour’sB. three hours’(正确答案)C. three hoursD. three hour16、Galileo was ____ Italian physicist and astronomer who invented _____ telescope. [单选题] *A. a, aB. the, theC. an, aD. an, the(正确答案)17、In the closet（）a pair of trousers his parents bought for his birthday. [单选题] *A. lyingB. lies(正确答案)c. lieD. is lain18、—What ______ your sister ______ this Saturday?—Something special, because it’s her birthday. （）[单选题] *A. are; going to doB. is; going to do(正确答案)C. does; doD. did do19、72．I really don’t know how to thank you , but for your help, I （）my lost necklace．[单选题] *A.couldn’t have found(正确答案)B.mustn’t have foundC.couldn’t findD.wouldn’t find20、Jim, it’s dark now. Please _______ the light in the room. [单选题] *A. turn on(正确答案)B. turn upC. turn offD. turn down21、20．Sometimes it often rains ________ in my hometown in summer. [单选题] *A．heavyB．hardlyC．heavily(正确答案)D．strongly22、In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you___ take care of your luggage. [单选题] *A. canB. mayC. must(正确答案)D. will23、I often _______ music from the Internet. [单选题] *A. download(正确答案)B. spendC. saveD. read24、Experts are making an investigation on the spot. They want to find a way to（）the tower. [单选题] *A. Restore(正确答案)B. resumeC. recoverD. reunite25、My father can?_______ a little English. [单选题] *A. speak(正确答案)B. sayC. talkD. tell26、—______ is the concert ticket?—It’s only 160 yuan.（）[单选题] *A. How manyB How much(正确答案)C. How oftenD. How long27、My watch usually _______ good time, but today it is five minutes fast. [单选题] *A. goesB. makesC. keeps(正确答案)D. gains28、—What’s the matter with that boy?—______.（）[单选题] *A. He is watching TV in his roomB. He takes his temperatureC. He was playing a toy carD. He hurt his right leg(正确答案)29、He was very excited to read the news _____ Mo Yan had won the Nobel Prize for literature [单选题] *A. whichB. whatC. howD. that(正确答案)30、Though the _____ drama is wonderful, I guess most audiences will be tired as it is too long. [单选题] *A. four-hour(正确答案)B. four hoursC. four-hoursD. four-hour's。
新标准大学英语课后答案
新标准⼤学英语课后答案Unit 1 Act 11. clash n. & v.a fight or battle between two groups of people; a very angry argument between two people or groups Complete the sentences with appropriate prepositions.(1) Yesterday saw violent clashes _between_ police and protesters.(2) The prime minister faces a clash _with_ business leaders tomorrow.(3) His T-shirt clashes _with_ his shorts.(4) A lot of problems have been caused by a clash _of_ cultures.Do you know why many bands break up?Because of personality clashes between musicians.2. establishment n.(1)the most important and powerful people in a country or in a section of society(2)the process of starting or creating something such as an organizationFigure out the meaning of underlined words.(1)The literary establishment generally looks down on artists.⽂学界权威(2)John was eager to establish good relations with the business community. 与…建⽴良好关系(3) Reagan quickly established himself as a promising film actor. 使⾃⼰成为…(4) It’s an old established family firm. ⽼牌的3. passion n.a powerful emotion such as love or angerTranslate the following sentences.(1) 他酷爱古典⾳乐。
英语课后答案
英语课后答案Unit 11.How did Jimmy get his brain damaged?A:He did not get enough oxygen during a difficult delivery,leaving him with brain damage.2. How did the writer describe her father?A:She described her father as a saint,simply held the house together with his patience and understanding.3. How close was the relationship between Jimmy and his father ?A:They were inseparable, almost doing everything together.They ate breakfast together and on weekdays drove off to the navy shipping center every morning where they both worked—Jimmy unloaded color-coded boxes.At night after dinner, they would talk and play games late into the evening.They even whistled the same tunes.4. How much was Jimmy changed after his father’s death?A:He was changed almost completely. He came and lived with me in New York City for a while.He went wherever I went and seemed to adjust pretty well.Still, Jimmy longed to live in my parents' house and work at his old job and I pledged to help him return.5. How did Jimmy get along after he left New York City to live in his parents’ house ?A: He has lived there for 11 years now with many different caretakers and blossomed on his own ,and has become essential to the neighborhood.When you have any mail to be picked up or your dog needs walking, he is your man.6. What did the writer think of her caring for Jimmy?A:She thought that caring for Jimmy has enriched her life more than anything else ever could have.7. Why did the writer invite her friends to Jimmy’s birthday party?A:None of our family could join us because travel was difficult and they were still reckoning with the sheer terror the disaster had brought,so she called on her faithful friends and hoped that their coming would help make the party a merry and festive occasion.8. What did the party remind the writer and her friends of ?A:They were reminded that the constant love and support of friends and family would get them through whatever life might present.Unit 31. What principle does the Hyde School operate on?A:It operates on the principle that if you teach students the merit of such values as truth, courage, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern, then academic achievement naturally follows.2,What is the Hyde School famous for?A:It has received considerable publicity for its work with troubled youngsters.3. Why was the first Hyde public program suspended within months？A:Because teachers protested the program’s demands and the strain associated with more intense work.4.How is the Hyde curriculum different from conventional schools that provide preparation for college?A:In the Hyde School, all students are required to take performing arts and sports, and provide a community service. For each course, students get a grade for academic achievement and for “best effort”.5.What must parents do for their children to gain admission?A:Parents must agree to accept and demonstrate the school’s philosophies and outlook.6.What is the biggest obstacle for many parents?A:The biggest obstacle for many parents is to realize their own weaknesses.Uint41)What are the five symbols of the United States?A:They are the Statue of Liberty, Barbie dolls, American Gothic, the Buffalo nickel,and Uncle Sam2) Whose face was the Statue of Liberty?A:It was modeled after Bartholdi mothers face.3)Who is the queen of the dolls?A:It is Barbie.4)According to the text, how popular is Barbie?A:Since her introduction in 1959, she has become the universally recognized queen of the dolls. The average American girl owns ten Barbies and two are sold somewhere in the world every second.5)Who painted American Gothic?A:Grant wood.6)What was the Buffalo nickel produced for?A:It honored a pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of the American frontier—the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians.Unit61.What have the scientists done in Japan in order to detect movements? A: They have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements.2. What have the Chinese people traditionally done about earthquakes? A: They have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes. For example, the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake, hens' behavior changes—they refuse to enter their cages at night.They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot, even normally quiet dogs.3. How are most of the people killed in earthquakes?A: They are killed by falling buildings.4. What do architects so to prevent property damage?A: They design buildings so that the buildings’ columns and horizontal beams are equal are of equal strength, and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil.5. What should people in areas where earthquakes are common do to prepare their houses?A: They should regularly check and reinforce homes, place heavy objects in low positions, attach cupboards and cabinets to walls, and fasten doors so that they will not open accidentally during an earthquake.6. Why are people in these regions suggested to prepare something that can clean water and kill bacteria?A: To make water from other sources safe to drink.7. What is the sensible way to keep all the family members informed of each other in a large earthquake-stricken city?A: To have all of the family members call to check in with a friends or relative who lives more than a hundred miles away. 8. What should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research projects?A: Education concerning how to survive an earthquake should be a major emphasis for all government programs andearthquake-related research projects.Unit 81)When people heard about Dolly, what did they think was within reach?A:People think that a world with human clones was suddenly within reach.2) How did the American government react to cloning?A:President Clinton ordered a national commission to study the legal and moral implication of cloning.3） According to the writer, why are twins more alike than clones? A:Because twins have at least shared the same environment within the mother, are usually raised in the same family, and so forth.4） What are the Dolly researchers unsure of?A:Whether Dolly will be able to give birth to lambs5） Why do some parents want to save their fatally ill child through cloning?A:Because cloning would increase the chances for a tissue match 25 percent to nearly 100 percent.6)Why might pigs be cloned and used as organ donors?A:Because pigs have organs similar in size to humans.But the human body attacks and destroys tissue from other species.7)According to Judith Martin, how should a human clone refer to its DNA donor?A:It might be proper to refer to them as”Most honored sir or madam”.8)What is the gravest concern about human cloning for society?A:The gravest concern isn't really cloning itself, but genetic engineering—the deliberate altering of genes to create human beings according to certain requirements.Specifically, some experts are concerned about the creation of a new (and disrespected) social class: "the clones".Unit101.What did the writer think of Aunt Carrie at the beginning of the story? A: He thought that Aunt Carrie was his favorite relative and favorite authority figure, and she was always free with smiles, words of praise and excuses of misdoings.2.How did the writer feel about the first comparisons between him and John? A:He did not feel good about it, because his first day was disastrous and John's went well.3.How different were john and writer in learning mathematics?A:John advanced quickly in mathematics while the writer was slow.4.What’s the writer’ s attitude towards the comparisons?A:He took them as a challenge although disliked them and began at last to look round for something that I could dowell.When he discovered that he could write well,he worked with intensity at his craft, minding nothing else.Let this be mine, John Bullyer could have all the rest5.What did the writer think about his own stories?A:He thought that his stories were an extension of his own desires to rise above John Bullyer.(The stories that he invented were mostly technological and science fiction in nature.They told of rockets and spacecraft, things that would take men high up into the sky.After some analysis of my personality, he realized that my stories were an extension of his own desires to rise to higher and higher altitudes, until he was above John Bullyer)6.How did the writer learn about john in the later year?A:He learned about John mainly through newspapers.7.How did john and the writer think of each other before they meet in a club?A:They both thought that the other was taller, smarter, and more handsome.8.How did the writer and john finally feel about their life competition? A: Both of them were finally positive about their life competition, because they both felt grateful to their aunt.。
英语课后习题答案
Unit 1 Doctor’s Life1.Do you agreethat it is sheer neuron overload on the doctor side that leads to the complaintthat doctors don’t listen?神经过载→医生不听的抱怨n Neuron overload 神经过载n Patients’ high expectations 患者高期望n Mistrust and misunderstanding between the patients and physician 医患不理解、不信任2.Mrs. Osorio’s conditionn A 56-year-old woman 56岁n Somewhat overweight 超重n Reasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertension高血压、糖尿病n cholesterol on the high side without any medications for this 高胆固醇n Not as much exercise as she should 不运动n Thinning of her bones onlast DEXA scan 骨质薄n Stressful but good about keeping her appointments and getting herblood testsn Generally healthy 总体健康3.Good and bad things about Mrs. Osorio’s conditionsthat run through the author’s mind.Mrs. Osorio的好坏条件n Good Thingsq Blood tests done 血常规q Glucose a little better 血糖q Her blood pressure good butnot great 血压n Bad Thingsq Her weight a little up 体重q cholesterol not so great 胆固醇q Her bones a little thin on the DEXA 骨质薄4.Describe the situation when Mrs. Osorio sends thedelicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down.巧妙平衡三环轰然倒塌n The author was in moderate state of panic适度恐慌状态: juggling so many thoughts about Mrs. Osorio’s conditions and trying to r esolve them all 先解决所有问题before the clock ran downn Mrs. Osorio made a trivial request琐碎的请求, not so important as compared to her conditionsn Mrs. Osorio seemed to care only about her “innocent只关注她无辜的请求—and completely justified—request”: the form signed b y her doctorn The doctor tried to or at least pretended to pay attention to the patients while completing documentation写完文件的同时去关注患者（至少假装关心）pare multitasking in human beings and in thecomputer field.比较人和计算机的多任务处理Similarities：n Microprocessors in fact linear, actually performing only one task at a time微处理器实际上线性的，在一个时间实际执行的任务只有一个n Multitasking just as an illusion both in computer and humans.Differences：n At best, Human juggling only a handful of thoughts in this mannern Multitasking originated in computer science.起源于计算机n The more thoughts we juggle, the less we are able to attune fully to any given thought.7.Possible solutions to the impossible high-wire act of juggling competing details and panicking about slipping a critical one.纠结细节的可能解决方案n computer-generated reminders 电脑提醒n case managers 案例管理n ancillary services 附加服务n the simplest solution: time 最简单的方法：时间Unit 2 Resurgentand Emergent Diseases1.What does the author imply by mentioning two choices?两种选择意味着什么n The war against infectious diseasesis not over.战争仍未结束n If we don't do anything about the reemerging diseases, there will be serious consequences.不做会很严重n People are wrongly complacent 错误的自满about the prevention and control of infectious diseases.2.Describe the heady days of victory declarations and what followed ever since.描述胜利宣言和随之而来自从激动人心的日子n Victory declarationsq Surgeon General William Stewart’s hyperbolic statement夸张说法of closing “the book on infectious disease”传染病的书已经合上q A string of impressive victories incurred by antibiotics and vaccines抗生素和疫苗q The thought that the war against infectious diseases was almost over战争结束n What followed ever sinceq Appearance of new diseases such as AIDS and Ebola 新疾病出现q Comeback of the old afflictions 旧病重现n Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union白喉n TB in urban centers like New York City结核n Rising Group A strep to coccal conditions like scarlet fever猩红热n The fear of a powerful new flu strain sweeping the world流感3.Elaborate on the joined battle.埃博拉加入战斗n WHO: establishment of a new division devoted to world wide surveillance and control of emerging disease in Oct. 1995 WHO：建立一个新的事业部致力于为全球监视和新出现的疾病控制在1995年10月n CDC: launching prevention strategy in 1994 CDC：在1994年推出的预防策略n Congress: raising fund from $6.7 million in 1995 to $26 million for1997美国国会：从670万美元1995年募集资金2600万美元在1997年4.J ustify “the realization that world health is indivisible”n We can not meet most local needs without proper attention to the health conditions of the globe. 我们不能适应大部分本地需求，没有适当关注地球的健康状况。
英语2课后答案
英语2课后答案一、选择题1. 答案：B解析：本题考查的是一般现在时的用法。
根据句意，描述的是客观事实，故选B。
2. 答案：A解析：本题考查的是名词所有格。
根据句意，表示“Tom的书”，故选A。
3. 答案：C解析：本题考查的是动词辨析。
根据句意，表示“花费时间做某事”，故选C。
4. 答案：D解析：本题考查的是副词辨析。
根据句意，表示“非常努力地工作”，故选D。
5. 答案：B解析：本题考查的是情态动词。
根据句意，表示“应该做某事”，故选B。
二、完形填空1. 答案：C2. 答案：A3. 答案：D4. 答案：B5. 答案：C解析：本文讲述了一个关于友谊的故事。
通过填空，我们可以了解到，主人公在遇到困难时，朋友给予了她很大的帮助。
这也让我们明白了友谊的珍贵。
三、阅读理解1. 答案：B2. 答案：D3. 答案：A4. 答案：C5. 答案：B解析：本文介绍了一个关于环保的活动。
通过阅读，我们可以了解到，活动旨在提高人们的环保意识，采取实际行动保护地球。
这也提醒我们要关注环保问题，从身边小事做起。
四、句型转换1. 答案：She doesn't like coffee, does she?解析：将肯定句转换为反意疑问句，注意遵循前否后肯的原则。
2. 答案：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.解析：将条件状语从句改为条件状语从句的省略形式，即if条件句的虚拟语气。
3. 答案：He is so tired that he can't walk any further.解析：将原句转换为sothat句型，表示“如此……以至于……”。
4. 答案：No matter how hard the task is, we must finishit on time.解析：将让步状语从句改为no matter how引导的让步状语从句。
5. 答案：Could you please pass me the salt?解析：将请求句转换为更加礼貌的表达方式，使用Could you please句型。
大学英语课后习题答案
4. It was a miracle that these flowers did not wither at all in the blazing sun.
5. Flocks of sheep feed on the patches of vegetation that rise above the winter snow.
10) vegetation 11) patches 12) Scores of
2. rewrite sentences
1)… was lined with people who came to welcome the distinguished foreign guests.
2)… the boss silenced all lively conversation in the office.
1) patches, came into full bloom, were puzzled, mysterious
2) throbbed with, sickened, migrant, a chorus
3) had crept into, flickered, the stark
II. Word Formation
7) accept 8) comprehend
9) boundaries 10) ultimately
Translation
1. This is a prosperous town, but there is still poverty in the midst of wealth and abundance.
1.age-old 2. air force 3. daughter-in-law 4. first-rate 5. greenhouse 6. half brother 7. ice-cream 8. lifelike
大学英语综合教程课后答案完全版
U n i t1T e x t A Language Sense Enhancement1. the fierce resistance2. the long march3. the devastating enemy4. bleak5. launched6. military might7. mowed down8. campaign9. a painful lesson 10. the aidLanguage FocusVocabularyI.1.1 alliance 2at the cost of 3 stroke 4limp 5minus 6regions 7 declaration 8 siege 9 raw 10 bide his time 11 have taken their toll 12 in the case of2.1 is faced with 2get bogged down 3 is pressing on/pressedon 4 drag on 5 get by 6dine out 7 have cut back 8 get through 3.1 head to the conquest of cancer in the near future2 has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of rawmaterials due to the dock worker’s strike3 will/should never get in the way of her career4 caught the foreign minister off guard5 of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide ruleout of date/obsolete4. 1 Being faced with/the occupation of/regions2 crucial to/efficient/to reckon with/weaken/be brought toa halt3 a heroic/the decisive/turned the tide/siege/by launching II. More Synonyms in the Context1)During the First World War; battles occurred here and thereover vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2)Elizabeth make careful preparations for the interview andher efforts/home-work paid off.3)I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting thesettlement; but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.4)Pneumonia had severely weakened her body; and I wondered howher fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1 fall ill2 lay dead from a heart attack3 dropped dead froma heart attack 4 fell asleep 5 marrying young 6 to sit still for longer than a few minutesComprehensive ExercisesI.1.1 invasion 2 stand in the way 3 catching…off his guard4 launching5 declaration6 campaign7 drag on8 reckonwith 9 bringing 10 to al halt2.1 allow 2 reckoned 3 highly 4 forecasts 5 rapidly 6instant 7 delivery 8 advantage 9 observing 10 powerful II.1.1 Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in gettingthe autumn harvest in on the farm.2 We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped withthe most sophisticated weapons.3 Having been out of a job for 3 months; Phil is increasingly getting desperate.4 Sam; as the project manager is decisive; efficient and accurate in his judgment.5 Since the chemical plant was identified as a source ofpollution; the village neighborhood committee decided to close it at the cost of 100 jobs.2.The offensive had lasted three days; but we had not gainedmuch ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launcha surprise attack. To do this we have to cross a marshland;and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble.Luckily enough; thanks to the severely cold weather which had made the marshland freeze over; we arrived our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This had turned the tide of the battle. The enemy;caught off guard; soon surrendered.Text BComprehension Check1.d d b a b dTranslation1.6月5日被选为进攻日;是因为要留下一个安全量;以防万一进攻需要推迟..2.然而;当年春夏之交大风暴异乎寻常地多;在这个时候会出现一个适合进攻的风平浪静的间隙的可能性微乎其微..3.要是在原定地区登陆的话;德军海岸炮群无疑会拼命抵抗并给盟军造成惨重伤亡;而在新登陆区的登陆几乎没有遭到任何抵抗..4.尽管困难重重;艾森豪威尔在与恶劣天气的赌博中赢得了胜利.. Language Practice1.d h b a f e c g2.1 boast 2 obstacles 3 was concerned 4 call…off 5 paidoff 6 was pinned down7 contesting 8 prior to 9 hold out 10 objective 11responsible 12 in caseUnit 2 Text ALanguage Sense Enhancement1. care2. impact3. orbiting satellites4. warn of5. location6. at any given time7. vibrate8. detected9. calculate 10. convertedLanguage FocusVocabularyI.4.1 expansion 2 automated 3 vapor 4take control of 5hazards 6 satellite 7 vibrated 8 magnetic 9 bunched 10 in the air 11 got/was stuck in 12 approximately5.1 send out 2 stand up for 3 pass for 4 were closing inon 5starting up 6went through 7 fill out 8 fall into 6.1 incorporates all the latest safety features2 two trees ten feet apart3 awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm4 the prototype of a new model before they set up a factoryto make the cars5 are correlated in all racial groups4. 1 the application/ has turned into a reality/ are poisedto2 that vibrate/can detect/frequency3 lanes/are mounted in/alert a /hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words: kilogram/memorandum/gymnasium/liberation/doctor/veterinarian/preparatory/ automobile/influenzaBlends:medical care/electronic mail/communicationssatellite/news broadcast/sky hijack/ European dollar/breakfast and lunch/television broadcast/Oxford and CambridgeIII. Usage1 swimming pool2 drawing board3 enriched Middle English4 disturbing change5 fully developed prototype6 canned food7 working population8 puzzling differencesComprehensive ExercisesI.3.1 computerized 2 start up 3 be poised to 4 alert 5 hazards6 monotonous7 take control of8 steer9 lane 10 decrease11 calculate 12 getting stuck in 14 mounted 15 detect16 vapor4.1 generates 2 related 3revolutionized 4 enable 5opportunities 6 overall 7 manufacturing 8 dependent 9 interact 10 fatalitiesII.3.1 There was an unusual quietness in the air; except for thesound of artillery in the distance.2 The expansion of urban areas in some African countries hasbeen causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems3 The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levelsare closely correlated withglobal temperatures4 The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.5 The diver stood on the edge of the diving board; poisedto jump at the signal from the coach.4.Automobiles have; since their invention; revolutionizedtransportation; changing forever the way people travel; and do business. On the other hand; they have brought hazards;especially highway fatalities. However; today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example; electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.Text BComprehension Check2.a c c d b bTranslation5.这类系统易受气候变化的影响; 提供的数据不够精确;但他们不需要特别的道路设施;只需要将车道标志维护好就行了..6.然而;不用多久;其成本就能为广大车辆拥有者和驾驶者所接受;尤其是目前不少可以应用的技术已经走向市场;开始了批量生产..7.电子驾驶应用的最大障碍可能在于人们普遍认为认为这一技术的应用比实际情况更困难;更昂贵..8.考虑到这些运用安全自动化交通运输系统的经验;开发由自动控制系统操纵的公路车辆算不上什么大的飞跃..Language Practice3.c a e b f g d h4.1 en route 2 matures 3 equivalent 4 feasible 5 incooperation with 6 exposure7 at the start of 8 thereby 9 implemented 10 realistic11 component 12 by means ofUnit 3Key to Part II Reading TaskContent Questions:Pair Work:1.He runs a manufacturing company.2.Almost all of them were no.3.This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying forand therefore ill qualified.4.Prepare to win.5.They now have to switch jobs frequently.6. A 90-year-old player who wanted to work on his weakness –backhandcourt.7.Believe in yourself; even when no one else does.8.Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9.His efforts to make a difference.10.He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one ofthe worst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.11.Because there were no tracks left in the snow; which means he wasthe first person to take off from there.12.Carlson was excited about being first; which is exactly what thewriter recommends to job applicants.Text Organization:1.Part One. Paras. 1-6: An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview.Part Two. Paras 7-27: Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee.Part Three. Paras 28-31: Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2. Suggestions Examples1 Prepare to win 1 Michael Jordan2 Never stop learning 2 a 90-year-old tennis player3 Believe in yourself; even when 3 the four-minute mile; the New YorkNo one else does. Marathon and the Vietnam veteran4 Find a way to make a difference 4 a New York cabdriver Language Sense Enhancement:1 checked with2 interview3 grill4 clippings5 be right for6 follow up7 indicating 8hand-delivered9 prepared 10 prospectiveVocabulary:I.1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box. Change the form where necessary.1 rude2 physically3 structure4 madea difference5 blurted out6 chuckling7 measurable8 prospective9 preparations 10 sparkled 11 took a crack at 12 partner2. Use the verb in the brackets to form an appropriate phrasal verb you have learned and complete the sentence with it.1 go after2 look back on/at3 be put up4 stoodfor5 build in6 follow up7 be hooked up to8 closed up3. Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in the brackets; keeping the same meaning.1 grilled her about where she had been all night.2 beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace.3 will be in readers’ hands soon4 do your homework before going on an interview5 was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars4. Complete the sentences; using the words or phrases in brackets.1 applicants; veteran; the prospective2 From his standpoint; has made every endeavor to go after3 as the saying goes; to have a crack at; barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1.behave2.keep used to avoid repetition3.clean4.get along5.perform/complete6.perform/complete7.study8.be enough9.be acceptableIII. Usage:1.There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK;I’lltalk about myself first.2.Thank you very much; John; for your beautiful Christmas card. By theway; I have something here for you.3.The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone whocan read the daily newspaper. Now; why is this an advantage4.I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes.By the way;I will see you in February; as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5.OK; you got the job. Now; how to maximize your profits with as littleeffort as possible6.Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally; those pictures you sentme are wonderful.Comprehensive Exercises:I. Cloze.1. Text-related:1 prospective2 As I see it3 done your homework4 beforehand5 endeavor6 structure7 partners8 Respond9 take a crack 10 from the standpoint 11 make a difference12 follow up1. Theme-related:1 encouraging2 inquiry3 relevant4 samples5 references6 advice7 preparing8 seriously9 probably 10 exhibitII. Translation:1. Translate the sentences into English.1 Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing; the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2 Grilled by the reporters; the movie star eventually blurted out that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3 We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together; we’ll have the future in our hands.4 If I had know beforehand that you would bring some many friends home;I would have made better preparations. You see; I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5 People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2. Translate the passage into English.Well begun; half done; as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint; whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100;000 dollars a year in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success.Unit 4Key to Part II Reading TaskContent Questions:Pair Work:1.Because he feels he is completely international.2.What he means is that if one has a network of friends andenjoys what one is doing; one can function well anywhere in the world.3.It refers to a member of the international business elitewho treks each year to the Swiss Alpine town of Davos for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum.4.The issues include everything from post-election Iraq andHIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implication of nanotechnology.5.They all believe that globalization; the unimpeded flowsof capital; labor and technology across national borders;is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the world increasingly as one vast; international marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy; produce and sell their goods and services.6.He describes Davos Man as an emerging global superspeciesand a threat.7.Yes; global trade has been around for centuries. In thepast; the corporations and countries that benefited from global trade were largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources or sell finished products.8.It predicted that four economies –Russia; Brazil; Indiaand China –will become a much larger force in the world economy than widely expected; based on projections of demographics and economic growth; with China potentially overtaking Germany this decade. By 2050; these four newcomers will likely have displaced all but the US and Japan from the top six economies in the world.9.It refers to low-paid migrant workers from Asia andelsewhere who are increasingly providing key services around the world.10.Unlike Davos Man; Manila Woman is strongly patriotic.11.Because he thinks that there are still too manybarriers to cross-border business in Europe; let alone the world.12.Davos Man needs to figure out how to strike a balanceon a global scale between being international and being national at the same time.Text OrganizationWorking on Your Own:1.Part One; Paras. 1-3: introduction to Davos Man and the World Economic ForumPart Two. Paras. 4-5: Debate over the impact of globalization on current society and culturePart Three. Paras. 6-8: History of globalization and its recent trands and future prospectsPart Four. Paras. 9-11: Globalization versus nationalism and the challenges it faces2. Main Events:2 Davos Man seen their identity as a matter of personalchoice; not an accident of birth.3 Davos Man believes that globalization; the unimpededflows of capital; labor and technology across national borders; it both welcome and unstoppable.4 Davos Man sees the world increasingly as one vast;international marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy; produce and sell their goods and services.Language Sense Enhancement1.1 both see their identity2 birth3 incidentally4 annual5 networking6 implications7 Whatever their considerable differences8 unimpeded flows 9 interconnected marketplace 10 advantageousLanguage FocusVocabulary:I.1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box.1 advantageous2 let alone3 witnessing…vanishing4 landmark5 entitled6 displace7 Establishment8 patriotic…strengthen9 contradictions 10 aspires 11 divorced12 pendulums2. Use the verb in the brackets to form an appropriate phrasal verb you have learned and complete the sentence with it.1 come to2 dozed off3 believed in4 was set apart5 take in6 sucks in7 clean up8 turn away3. Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in the brackets.1 makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus.2 overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker.3 at odds with his wife over money matters.4 been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5 let alone cook a meal.4. Complete the sentence; using the words or phrases in the brackets.a is increasingly…to accelerate…their investmentb economy…make an earnest…strike a balance betweenc a handful of…be endorsed by…on a large scaleII. Word Formation:WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值ATM automatic teller machine 自动出纳机VAT value-added tax 增值税CAD computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计IT information technology 信息技术IDD international direct dialing 国际直拨电话MTV music television 音乐电视Radar radio detecting and ranging 雷达IOC International Olympic Committee 国际奥委会VIP very important person 贵宾、大人物Laser light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation 激光CPU central processing unit 中央处理器III. Usage:1)An unusual present; a book on ethics; was given to Henryfor his birthday.2)The reason he gave that he didn’t notice the car tilltoo late was unsatisfactory.3)Football; his only interest in life; has brought him manyfriends.4)Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago; thendismissed; something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. Text-related:1 academics;2 networking3 a varietyof 4 growth5 vanish6 facilitate7 endorsing8 outlook9 sweeping aside 10 patriotic 11 erasing12 strike a balance2. Theme-related:1 aided2 effects3 distances 4connected 5 invested6 features7 prevailing8 qualitatively 9volume 10 DistinguishingIII. Translation1. Translate the sentences into English:1 Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy; John has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere.2 I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.3 Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children; Mary cares more about her personal growth.4 The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.2. Translate the passage into English:Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example; young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises; English has become increasingly important. At the same time; a considerable number of overseas Chinese have returned home in recent years;for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The Internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trends can copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues; let alone carry them forward; which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.Unit 5 Text ALanguage Sense Enhancement1.struckd3.gentle4.raise it5.benign6.with point7.something of8.made every penny9.small and frail10.not bear to hurt a flyLanguage FocusVocabularyI.7.1 In a way2 in accordance with3 vacancy4 in good condition5 transparent6 rub7 spicy8 hitherto9 with a bad grace10 instinct11 pawned12 current8.1 turned up2 will stick to3 brought back4 go about5 driving at6 put; away7 turning; over8 took; aback9.1 has a very weak constitution – she may not be able tosurvive the operation.2 was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection ofmy compensation claim.3 was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that.4 needs trimming /to be trimmed –it’s getting too long.5 are often deceptive.4. 1 Oddly enough; went broke; wrinkled; he had gone all topieces2 definite; is capable of; her vanity;3 too mild; sipping; strokeII. Usage5)Except for6)Except that7)except8)except when9)except to10)except what11)except where12)except thatIII. British and American EnglishVocabulary:AME: can; candy; faculty; mail; railroad; storeBRE: flat; lift; ground floor; trousers; tube/underground;maizeSpelling:AME: favorable; meter; defense; plow; tireBRE: paralyse; catalogue; leveling; programme; practice; characteriseComprehensive ExercisesI.5.1 insane2 current3 candid4 capable5 was taken aback6 in good condition7 constitution8 go all to pieces9 gone broke10 vacancy11 mild12 deceptive6.1 suspected2 pleading3 confirmed4 stunned5 lucrative6 jewellery7 wealthy8 urge9 spell10 arrestedII.5.1 I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join theexpedition; because he is something of an adventurer.2 He is capable of sticking to the task at hand; even if heis exposed to noises.3 The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force.4 Oddly enough; many people volunteered to help organize the meeting; but only a few turned up.5 The teacher’s affectionate words; along with his candidcomments; changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.6.For my own part; I find that appearances are all too oftendeceptive. For instance; you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance; he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tinylittle fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes; gentle and candid. Nevertheless; he turned out to be very cruel he insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death. Without doubt; Burton was a man with a heart of stone.Unit 6 Text ALanguage Sense Enhancement11.1 understanding2 Within the confines3reasonably4 by nature5 limitless possibilities6 our aim7 fewer desires8 play by themselves9 vet boundaries10 orLanguage FocusVocabularyI.10. 1 appliances2 comparative3 multiply4 distribution5 prosperity6 decorate7 famine8 large quantities of / a large quantity of9 streamline10 fax11 pointed the way to12 bewildered11. 1 eat into2 cling to3 stand out/ stood out4 wears away5 set about6 switch off7 will be turned loose8 poured in12. 1 is forecast to be below average next year; which at themoment is 4 percent.2 to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futileas rescuers were driven out by the heart and flames.3 was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand.4 can really eat heavily into your profits when you areselling suits at $900 and resses at $2;000.5 has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the lasttwenty years in order to keep her body in shape.4. 1 reaction to; discontent; provoked2 Convention; evading tax; the confines of3 a burden; are always on the go/ seem forever on the go; to copeII. Confusable words1.13)nervousness14)tension15)stress; stress16)tension2.1)honorary2)Honorable3)honorable4)honorary5)honorable6)HonoraryIII. Usage1)Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Isit sensible; we may ask; to spend large sums of money to savesome species –be it an elephant or an orchid –in a nation win which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line2)This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers ofpeople need to be quickly screened – at airports; train stations; bus terminals or border crossings. However;experts suspect; there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.3)With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce; oftendue to financial difficulties; you would say that money isa big factor in making a good marriage. But; believe it ornot; it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.4)Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual; you know. Sitespromoting violence are just a click away; and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices. Comprehensive ExercisesI.7.1 switch off2 obliged3 on the go4 cope5 shortage6 large quantity of7 pouring in8 by nature9 fraction10 futile8.1 advantage2 wisely3 faithfully4 waking5 includes6 schedule7 sticking8 priorities9 set10 respectII.7.1 They are exploring the new frontiers of medical sciencein an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.2 Here unique teaching methods apart; Ms Wilson; my mathteacher; never tried to cram knowledge into my head.3 The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.4 The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.5 In the modern world; there are more ways than ever to wasteaway time; and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.8.Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours;to produce more; and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well /good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and; at the same time; to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours; leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones.Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.Unit 7 Text ALanguage Sense Enhancement1. brought down2. revolving3. circle4. wreckage5. memory6. bury7. perished8. memorials9. gaping wound 10.silverLanguage FocusVocabularyI.13. 1 divined 2 nerves 3 solidarity 4 sacred/mourn 5coated 6 perish 7 hijack 8 grief 9 farewell 10 take revenge on 11 revolves/revolves 12 denounced14. 1 drop…off 2 applied for 3 went off 4 are gaining on5 bring down6 blotted out7 think back on8 picking /at 15. 1 brought down the American housing market in 20082 what will happen after his son steps into his shoes3 not in the mood to go out4 long before the market began to show signs of weakness5 mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in thecountryside4. 1 in the aftermath of/to blot out/the tragic2 armed/at dusk/accomplices/explosive3 in the space of/no illusionII. More Collocation17) A little of 2 a few/much of / many of 3 much 4 few 5。
大学英语课后答案(一)
Key To Unite(1~8) Unite 1Language sense enhancement1 1) warmth 2) put it down3) recapture and hold 4) relive5) however 6) violate7)composition 8) a failing grade9) mind 10) for myselfII. Synonyms in Context1. composed2. severe3. agony4. extraordinary5. recall6. command7. was violating8. anticipateIII. Collocation1. at2. for3. of4. with5. as6. about7. to8. in, in9. from 10. on/uponComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(1)1. hold back 3. scanned 5. vivid 7. turn out/turn in (2) 1. last2.surprise2. pulled 4. blowing 5. dressed 6. scene 7. extraordinary 8. image9. turn 10. excitement II. Translation1 1) as it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to.2) His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold. 3) Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production.4) it is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules./ Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the compan y’s safety rules.5) It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage./ the local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.Part III TextBComprehension Check1.c2.a3.c4.d5.b6.d Translation1. 我耳朵里嗡嗡作响，听不见他们后来讲的话，只东一点西一点渗入只言片语。
英语课后练习答案
adoption historical artistically dropped hope honored adopted calligraphy fascinating relented stumble intuition quit work out proportionally 1. At first she threatened to dismiss us all, but later she relented . 2. If you can’t have children of your own, why not consider adoption ? 3. She sensed something wrong by intuition .
凭好奇心与直觉
实际用途
follow one’s curiosity and _______________________________
intuition practical application _____________________________
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4. Working with words and phrases
6. We would be delighted as well as honored and join us.
8. We may have a slim hope in the next two or three weeks. quit
if you could come
7. We must work out a plan for cutting down the expenses. of making a bridge between them
英语课后习题答案
课后习题答案Unit oneI Cloze 1. invasion, stand in the way, Conquest, catching, off his guard，launching，declaration，campaign, drag on, reckon with, bringing, to a haltCloze 2. allow, reckoned, highly, forecasts, rapidly,instant,delivery,advantage,observing, powerful 词汇reckon with 对付，处理，考虑到，估计catch sb off one’s guard 使措手不及drag on继续下去bring—to a halt使停顿下来sophisticated 先进的，复杂的，世故的Take its toll on 对---产生不利的印象，lay siege to= besiege包围offensive n.进攻，a.攻击性的,无理的，冒犯的anticipate 预料close in on包围turn the tide against---使局势对----不利Come to the aid of----帮助-----unequalled=unequaled=unrivalled=incomparable无敌的，无双的Surprise attack 奇袭，突然袭击take sb/sth by surprise 突然攻击severe 严寒的，严重的severity是其名词alliance联盟form an alliance with= ally oneself with与----形成联盟Limp作为动词一瘸一拐的走，作为形容词表示无力的，松软的face sb with sth---sb is faced with 面临----sb is/get bogged down in sth陷于---尤指困境press on with sth加紧，决心继续Get by 过的去，勉强通过render sth/sb useless(obsolete)使---无用，过时翻译 1.A rich old lady____________________死了躺在家里两个星期-and nobody knew anything about it. lay dead at home for two weeks2.____________________________凭着一丝运气，Genelle, who had been buried in the rubble 瓦砾for more than 26 hours, came out alive. By a stroke of luck,3. Being young and impatient, they are inclined to 倾向于dash into the jaws of danger where an experienced fighter might _____________________等待时机bide his time4.作为项目经理,山姆办事果断,工作效率高,且判断准确.Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient and accurate in his judgement.5. 多尔蒂先生和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收。
英语课后习题答案1
英语课后习题答案1fhtgUnit1SectionA:VocabularyIII.8.conducting9.conequently10.ignificanceIV.1.behind2.at3.in4.out5.to6.to7.in8.with9.but10.forV.1.L2.C3.D4.N5.O6.A7.E8.G9.I10.KWordBuildingVI.mitment2.attraction3.appointment4.impreion5.civilizationpoit ion7.confuion8.congratulation9.conideration10.e某planation11.acquiition12.depreionVII.1.adviable2.diirable3.favorable4.coniderable5.remarkable6.pr eferable7.drinkable8.acceptableSentenceStructureVIII.1.muchlecanhewriteEngliharticle3.muchlecouldhecarryituptair4.muchlehaveIpokentohim5.muchletoreadalotoutideofitI某.1.Havingmealathomecancotalittleatwoorthreedollar,whereaeatin goutataretaurantialwaymoree某penive.2.Wethoughthewaratherproud,whereainfacthewajutveryhy.3.Wehaveneverdoneanythingforthem,whereatheyhavedoneomuchforu.4.Natalieprefertotayforanotherweek,whereaherhubandprefertole aveimmediately.5.Somepraiehimhighly,whereaotherputhimdowneverely.Tranlation某.1.Shewouldn'ttakeadrink,muchlecouldhetayfordinner.2.HethoughtIwalyingtohim,whereaIwatellingthetruth.3.Howdoyouaccountforthefactthatyouhavebeenlateeverydaythiwee kfhtg4.Theincreaeintheirprofitiduepartlytotheirnewmarkettrategy.5.Suchmeaurearelikelytoreultintheimprovementofworkefficiency.1.我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了.2.男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元.3.自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏,就会带来很多不可预知的影响.4.期终考试迫在眉睫,你最好多花点时间看书.5.有趣的是,消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国.其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响,部分原因是由于产地的变化.6.最近一次调查表明,妇女占总劳动力的40%.Cloze某II.1.C2.B3.B4.A5.D6.B7.C8.D9.A10.C11.D12.C13.C14.B15.ASectionBII.1.D2.A3.C4.D5.A6.C7.B8.BVocabularyIII.1.utilize2.reject3.coniderable4.temporary5.acceptable6.recognition7.alleviate8.appreciate9.furthermore10.interactIV.1.interactwith2.gonethrough3.dealwith4.recoveredwith5.adjuti ngto6.familiarto7.Inpiteof8.weretiredof9.preventedfrom10.cameto Unit2SectionAVocabularyIII.1.promoing2.amuing3.lowered4.perited5.rank6.wear7.unfair8.preence9.frowning10.appro某imatelyIV.fhtg1.on2.upon3.on4.in5.by6.to7.in8.of9.on10.outV.1.O2.K3.D4.H5.J6.E7.M8.G9.B10.AWordBuildingVI.1.oberve-oberver:onewhooberveaperonoranevent2.ki-kier:onewhoki3.viit-viitor:onewhoviitomebodyoromeplace4.learn-learner:onewholearnomething5.report-reporter:onewhoreportonperonoreventforanewpaper6.drink-drinker:onewhooftendrinkalcohol,ep.toomuchVII.1.tropical2.muical3.occaional4.environmental5.global6.danger ou7.natural8.centralSentencetructureVIII.1.Theydidn'tloeheartdepiteoflotoffrutration.2.Depitetheheavyrain,theboyplayedfootballintheyardallafterno on.3.Iwilltrymybetdepitethelimchanceofucce.4.Depiteathoroughearchfortheecapedprionerinthemountain,noign ofhimwafound.I某.1.nordoIthinkitnecearytodoo2.norwouldtheygotomyiter'fhtg3.nordowehavehertelephonenumber4.norwouldIliketogotoworkimmediately5.norwouldITranlation某.1.Depitethefactthatheitheonlychildinherfamily,heineverbabied byherparent.3.Theperonittingne某ttohimdidpublihomenovel,butheibynomeanagreatwriter.4.Hehanointeretinfootballandiindifferenttowhowintoloe.5.Themanagerneedanaitantthathecancountontotakecareofproblemi nhiabence.1.尽管那项计划一开始就证明是不切实际的,但是他们还是坚持要实施.2.我无法说服他接受这项计划,也无法使他认识到这项计划的重要性.3.你是怎么把那么多东西塞进这个小行李箱的4.别人对他怎么看,他全不在意.5.我能否指出你犯了个小错误.6.他母亲让他开车慢一点儿,但是他从不把她的话放在心上.Cloze某II.1.B2.D3.B4.C5.B6.C7.A8.A9.B10.D11.B12.D13.B14.C15.DSectionBReadingkillfhtgI.1.D2.A3.A4.C5.BII.1.D2.B3.C4.D5.A6.C7.A8.BVocabularyIII.7.indicated8.opponent9.tripped10.deniedIV.3.Theyarenotdoingthitogainrecognitionormoney;theyaredoingthi fortheakeofociety.4.Itwaactuallywhatheaidratherthanwhathedidthatmademead.5.Oncemymotherethermindonomething,itwillbeveryhardtotopher.6.Yearofreearchhadetthetagefortheirucceintheirfield.7.Localpeopleareuedtothephenomenon,otheyarenoturpriedatall.8.Todayatthimeetingwearegoingtofocuonthequetionofairpollutio n.9.Henevere某pectedthathibetfriendwouldchargehimwithcheatinginthee某am.Unit3fhtgSectionAVocabularyIII.1.mutual2.illuion3.canceled4.overlooked5.proceeded6.reolve7. prejudicepromie9.confirm10.ubequentlyIV.1.havingnothingtodowith2.takingcareof3.metwith4.ontheurface9.indicationof10.allalongV.1.M2.L3.F4.D5.H6.O7.A8.C9.I10.KWordBuildingVI.1.hopping2.feeling3.torage4.cooking5.ending6.beginning7.gath ering8.removal9.arrival10.paage11.writing12.marriageVII.1.relationhip2.citizenhip3.leaderhip4.memberhip5.boyhood6.li velihood7.brotherhood8.authorhip9.adulthood10.neighborhood11.widom12 .ownerhipSentencetructureVIII.fhtg1.Itinevertoobadforutodoomethingabouttheituation.2.Oneinevertoooldtolearn.3.Itinevertoolateforyoutoputatoptothimadne.4.Itinevertoolateforyoutomendyourway.I某.1.Mybetfriend,Anna,waherelatnight.3.Youhouldhaveeenanophthalmologit,aneyedoctor.4.Heentfortheaccountant,themote某periencedperoninaccounting.5."Leaveittome,"aidDavid,themanonnightduty.Tranlation某.1.Youarenevertooe某periencedtolearnnewtechnique.2.Thereremainoneproblem,namely,whohouldbeenttoheadthereearch there.3.Theirrelationhipdidmeetwithomedifficultyatthebeginningbeca ueofculturaldifference.4.Thoughhehahadupanddown,Ibelievedallalongthathewoulducceedo meday.5.Ihaveomereervationaboutthetruthofyourclaim.6.Shein'tparticularlytall,butherlimfiguregiveanilluionofheig ht.某I.1.应尽早告知年轻人:必须认真对待法律.fhtg2.他现在面临一个重要决定,这个决定可能会影响他的整个前程.3.即使在情况最糟糕的时候,你也必须保持镇静和信心.4.人际关系的成功与否与双方相处是否融洽以及交流是否顺畅有很大关系.5.他受到袭击,身受重伤,随后不治而亡.6.他的举止至少在表面上像个正常人。
(完整word版)高级英语课后习题答案
Lesson 1 Paraphrase：1. We're elevated 23 feet. Our house is 23 feet above sea level。
2. The place has been here since 1915，and no hurricane has ever bothered it。
The house was built in 1915 and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it。
3. We can batten down and ride it out。
We can prepare ourselves for the hurricane and manage to survive it without much damage.4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. Water got into the generator, and it didn't work。
As a result，the lights were put out.5。
Everybody out the back door to the cars! Everybody go out though the back door and get into the cars. 6. The electrical system had been killed by water. The electrical system in the cars had been destroyed by water.7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt。
When John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for understanding the ferocity of Camille and endangering the whole family by making the wrong decision not flee inland。
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一台数字计算机不是单一的机器。确切地说，它是由5个不同的要素组成的系统：（1）
中央处理器；（2）输入设备；（3）存储设备；（4）输出设备；以及（5）被称作总线的通信
网络，它将系统的所有要素连接起来并将系统与外界连接起来。
四、编程
一个程序就是一系列指令，告诉计算机硬件对数据执行什么样的操作。程序可以内嵌在
上型计算机”小到能够放入公文包，而“掌上型计算机”能够放入口袋）；工作站，一种具
有增强型图形与通信能力、从而使其对于办公室工作特别有用的微型计算机；小型计算机，
一般就个人使用而言太昂贵，其性能适合于工商企业、学校或实验室；以及大型机，一种大
型的昂贵机器，具有满足大规模工商企业、政府部门、科研机构或者诸如此类机构需要的能
件所允许它做的事情。广泛使用的软件包括一系列各种各样的应用程序——告诉计算机如何
执行各种任务的指令。
五、未来的发展
计算机发展的一个持续不断的趋势是微小型化，亦即将越来越多的电路元件压缩在越来
越小的芯片空间内的努力。研究人员也在设法利用超导性来提高电路的功能速度。超导性是
在超低温条件下在某些材料中观察到的电阻减小现象。
水。
3、电子计算机
第二次世界大战期间，以伦敦北面的布莱切利公园为工作地点的一组科学家和数学家，
制造了最早的全电子数字计算机之一：“巨人”。到1943年12月，这个包含了1500个真空管
的“巨人”开始运转了。它被以艾伦.图灵为首的小组用于破译德国用恩尼格码加密的无线
电报，他们的尝试大部分是成功的。
处理的全部可识别模式——操作总清单——称为其指令集。随着现代数字计算机的不断发
展，这两个因素——能够同时处理的位数和指令集的大小——在继续增长。
三、硬件
不论尺寸大小，现代数字计算机在概念上都是类似的。然而，根据成本与性能，它们可
分为几类：个人计算机或微型计算机，一种成本较低的机器，通常只有桌面大小（尽管“膝
相当于一条指令、一条指令的一部分或者一个特定的数据类型，如一个数字、一个字符或一
个图形符号。例如，11010010这个模式可能是二进制数据——在此情况下代表210这个十进
制数字，或者它可能是一条指令，告诉计算机将存储在其交换设备中的数据与存储在存储芯
片某个位置的数据进行比较。
一次能处理16、32和64位数据的处理器的研制，提高了计算机的速度。一台计算机能够
系统，他得以为1890年的美国人口普查汇编统计信息。
1、分析机
也是在19世纪，英国数学家和发明家查尔斯.巴比奇，提出了现代数字计算机的原理。
他构想出旨在处理复杂数学题的若干机器，如差分机。许多历史学家认为，巴比奇及其合伙
人，数学家奥古斯塔.埃达.拜伦，是现代数字计算机的真正先驱。巴比奇的设计之一，分析
除此而外，在美国，约翰.阿塔纳索夫和克利福德.贝里早在1939年就在艾奥瓦州立学院
制造了一台原型电子机。这台原型机和后来的研究工作都是悄悄完成的，而且后来因1945年
电子数字积分计算机（ENIAC）的研制而显得相形见绌。ENIAC被授予了专利。但是，数十
年后，在1973年，当该机被揭露吸收了在阿塔纳索夫―贝里计算机中首次使用的原理后，这
年代，德国哲学家和数学家戈特弗里德.威廉.莱布尼兹对这台机器进行了改良，设计了一台
也能做乘法的机器。
法国发明家约瑟夫―玛丽.雅卡尔，在设计自动织机时，使用了穿孔的薄木板来控制复
杂图案的编织。在19世纪80年代期间，美国统计学家赫尔曼.何勒里斯，想出了使用类似雅
卡尔的木板那样的穿孔卡片来处理数据的主意。通过使用一种将穿孔卡片从电触点上移过的
已经成为作为现代技术代价组成部分的许多风险之一。
二、历史
第一台加法机是法国科学家、数学家和哲学家布莱斯.帕斯卡于1642年设计的，它是数
字计算机的先驱。这个装置使用了一系列带有10个齿的轮子，每个齿代表从0到9的一个数字。
轮子互相连接，从而通过按照正确的齿数向前转动轮子，就可以将数字彼此相加。17世纪70
计算机发展的另一个趋势是“第五代”计算机的研制工作，亦即研制可以解决复最终名副其实的计算机，理想的目标是真
正的人工智能。正在积极探索的一条道路是并行处理计算，亦即利用许多芯片来同时执行数
个不同的任务。一种重要的并行处理方法是模仿神经系统结构的神经网络。另一个持续不断
硬件本身里，或以软件的形式独立存在。在一些专门或“专用”计算机中，操作指令被嵌入
其电路里；常见的例子有计算器、手表、汽车发动机和微波炉中的微型计算机。另一方面，
通用计算机尽管含有一些内置的程序（在只读存储器中）或者指令（在处理器芯片中），但
依靠外部程序来执行有用的任务。计算机一旦被编程，就只能做在任何特定时刻控制它的软
项专利被废除了。
图1 A - 1：E N IAC是最早的全电子数字计算机之一。
ENIAC（见图1A-1）含有18,000个真空管，具有每分钟几百次的乘法运算速度，但是，
其程序最初是通过导线传送到处理器内的，必须由人工更改。根据美籍匈牙利数学家约翰.
冯.诺伊曼的想法，后来制造的机器带有一个程序存储器。指令像数据一样存储在“存储器”
何其他方法都难以计算的方程近似数值，可以用这样的机器来求得。开尔文勋爵制造了一台
机械潮汐预报器，这实际上就是一台专用模拟计算机。第一次和第二次世界大战期间，机械
模拟计算系统，以及后来的电动模拟计算系统，在潜艇上被用作鱼雷航线预测器，在飞机上
被用作轰炸瞄准具的控制器。有人还设计了另一个系统，用于预测密西西比河流域春天的洪
了，而且系统的制造成本也变得低得多。
4、集成电路
20世纪60年代末，集成电路（见图1A-2）得到采用，从而有可能将许多晶体管制作在一
块硅衬底上，晶体管之间用覆镀在适当位置的导线相连接。集成电路导致价格、尺寸和故障
率的进一步降低。20世纪70年代中期，随着大规模集成电路和后来的超大规模集成电路（微
算机通过自动化技术开辟了制造业的新纪元，而且它们也增强了现代通信系统的性能。在几
乎每一个研究和应用技术领域，从构建宇宙模型到产生明天的气象报告，计算机都是必要的
工具，并且它们的应用本身就开辟了人们推测的新领域。数据库服务和计算机网络使各种各
样的信息源可供使用。同样的先进技术也使侵犯个人隐私和商业秘密成为可能。计算机犯罪
的趋势是计算机联网的增加。计算机联网现在使用由卫星和电缆链路构成的世界范围的数据
通信系统，来将全球的计算机连在一起。此外，大量的研究工作还投入在探索“光”计算机
的可能性上——这种硬件处理的不是电脉冲而是快得多的光脉冲。
机，具有现代计算机的许多特征。它有一个以一叠穿孔卡片的形式存在的输入流、一个保存
数据的“仓库”、一个进行算术运算的“工厂”和一个产生永久性纪录的打印机。巴比奇未
能将这个想法付诸实践，尽管在那个时代它在技术上很可能是可行的。
2、早期的计算机
模拟计算机是19世纪末开始制造的。早期型号是靠转动的轴和齿轮来进行计算的。用任
第一单元：计算机与计算机科学
课文A：计算机概览
一、引言
计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数字数据进行运算
或对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。
要不是由于计算机的发展，现代的高科技世界是不可能产生的。不同类型和大小的计算
机在整个社会被用于存储和处理各种数据，从保密政府文件、银行交易到私人家庭账目。计
芯片）的采用，成千上万个彼此相连的晶体管被蚀刻在一块硅衬底上，于是微处理器成为现
实。
图1 A - 2：集成电路
那么，再回过头来看看现代计算机处理开关值的能力：20世纪70年代的计算机一般一次
能够处理8个开关值。也就是说，在每个循环中，它们能处理8个二进制数字或位的数据。8
个位为一组，称为一个字节；每个字节包含256个开与关（或0与1）的可能模式。每个模式
中，使计算机在执行过程中摆脱了纸带阅读器的速度限制，并使问题在不给计算机重新接线
的情况下得以解决。
20世纪50年代末，晶体管在计算机中的应用，标志着比在真空管机器情况下体积小、速
度快、用途广的逻辑元件的出现。由于晶体管使用的功率小得多，寿命也长得多，仅这项发
展本身就导致了被称之为第二代计算机的改良机器的产生。元件变小了，元件的间距也变小